Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Puerto Princesa City

North External Campuses

Coron Campus

COMPARATIVE MATRIX
(Katipunan and Tejeros Convention)

Name: Roales, Marjem A. Date

Submitted:
Program, Year & Block:

References: (Provided in our Google Classroom)

Santiago Alvarez. The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General
Teodoro Agoncillo. (2002). The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan. University of the
Philippine Press. Quezon City. Philippines

Primary Source: Secondary Source:

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Author The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of
of a General (Santiago V. Alvarez, 1992) Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan
(Teodoro Agoncillo, 2002)
Author’s Background (Mental Processes Born: July 25, 1872, in Imus, Cavite Born: November 9, 1912, in Lemery,
and Personal Attitudes) Died: October 30, 1930, in San Pablo City Batangas
Died: January 14, 1985
Santiago V. Alvarez was a revolutionary Francisco Agoncillo was one of the first
general and the founder and honorary Filipino historians to advocate a distinctly
president of the Nacionalista Party's first nationalist view of Filipinos. He was also a
division. He is known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" poet and an essayist. His book "History of
(Lightning of Fire) because of his bravery the Filipino People" was first printed in 1960
and dedication as commander of Cavite's and remains a widely used standard
famous battles. textbook in many Filipino universities.
Francisco Agoncillo is best known for his
As a result, he is remembered in modern- book, History of the Philippines (1955),
day Cavite City as the "Hero" of the Battle which is still used as a textbook in many
of Dalahican. Santiago was already a schools. His other well-known works include
delegado general of the Katipunan Revolt of the Masses (1956), Crisis of the
provincial council in Cavite prior to the Republic (1960), and Fateful Years (1965).
outbreak of the revolution. From 1896 to He worked as a linguistic assistant at the
1897, he served as captain-general and later Institute of National Language, as an
as commander-in-chief of the Magdiwang instructor at the Far Eastern University and
forces. On August 31, 1896, he helped the Manuel L. Quezon University, and as a
liberate Noveleta, in the province of Cavite, member of the University of the Philippines
from the Spanish Empire. In 1902, he was faculty, chairing the Department of History
appointed Chairman of the Commission of from 1963 to 1969 and retiring in 1977.
the Peace, an organization established by
US authorities to promote material
reconstruction and bilateral reconciliation.
When was the account written (Content) Alvarez's memoirs were published in 36 The Revolt of the Masses: Bonifacio and the
installments, from July 24, 1927, to April 15, Katipunan was written in 1947 as the
1928, in the Tagalog weekly, Sampaguita. winning entry in a 1948 biography contest.
The translation of "Ang Katipunan at Another point of interest is the
Paghihimagsikan" by Paula Caroline Malay manuscript's publication in 1956 by the
in English was published in 1992. University of the Philippines' College of
Liberal Arts.
Date Mentions in the Historical Source On March 25, 1897, a convention was held in In the middle of December 1896, Bonifacio,
(State each date and describe) Tejeros to settle the dispute between the his wife, and two brothers, Ciriaco and
two councils, The Magdalo and The Procopio, left Cavite at the request of his
Magdiwang group, and a decision on the uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez.
type of government to be installed
Bonifacio wrote to Mariano Alvarez from
On March 27, 1897, the Tejeros convention San Francisco de Malabon on January 2,
electors met in secret at the Tanza parish 1897. "President Mainam: Don't miss this
house. They knelt before a crucifix and took very moment because I want to talk to you
their oaths solemnly, despite the Supremo, privately about what happened to me in
Andres Bonifacio, declaring the elections Magdalo so that you can explain their
null and void. organization to me," it said in the letter.

January 1897 - San Francisco de Malabon's

feast day, during which the
rebels relaxed and enjoyed the fiesta.
 General Emilio Aguinaldo's birthday is
March 22, 1897. It is also when the
battle between the Spaniards and the
Magdalo soldiers raged on, and the
assembly called the Tejeros.
Mention of Places Tejeros - The location of the assembly. The Tejeros Convention was the meeting
San Francisco de Malabon - The location of held on March 22, 1897, between the
the new president's election. Magdiwang and Magdalo factions in what is
now Cavite province.
The search for Supremo in the mountains of
Montalban and Mariquina, informed him of A delegate was sent to the mountains to
the critical need to mediate the growing look for the Supremo to apprise him of the
rifts between the two popular councils. urgent necessity of mediating of the
widening rift between the two popularly-
Zapote - Emilio Aguinaldo, Candido Tirona, councils - Montalban and Mariquina.
and Edilberto Evangelista were present to
greet the Supremo and his entourage. The place where Esteban San Juan invited
Bonifacio to attend the demonstration of
Imus (Juan Castaneda's house) - Bonifacio the Magdiwang rebels was in Noveleta, in
was brought by the rebels Baldomero the province of Cundinamarca in the
Aguinaldo, Daniel Tirona, and other leaders northeast of the Philippines.
paid him a visit.
 Vicente Fernandez and others Fernandez Tejeros Estate House - The location where
were arrested after Bonifacio issued an the Magdiwang leaders planned to hold
arrest warrant for him. another convention.

Santa Cruz de Malabon - The location where

a bridge connects to San Juan.

Francisco de Malabon is the location of the

former friars' summer retreat, which
witnessed the first significant election held
under the Katipunan government's
auspices.

San Juan del Monte/Laguna - The location of

the attack on the Spaniards.
Key Personalities mentioned Andres Bonifacio - Katipunan Party Leader - Andres Bonifacio - Supreme Head of the
Magdiwang President Katipunan
appointed as Secretary of the Interior Artemio Ricarte - Magdalo's military
Emilio Aguinaldo - Elected as President of commander brigadier-general
the Katipunan Mariano Alvarez - Magdiwang's chosen
Baldomero Aguinaldo - Magdalo President President
Mariano Trias - Elected as Vice President Candido Tirona - Magdiwang's minister of
General Vibora - Elected as Captain General war
Emiliano de Dios - Elected as Secretary of Edilberto Evangelista - Magdalo's elected
War Lieutenant General
Daniel Tirona - He went against the result of Baldomero Aguinaldo - Made the proposal
the votings when Andres Bonifacio was to establish a revolutionary government
elected as Secretary of the Interior Daniel Tirona - Magdalo man
Ariston Villanueva - Previous Secretary of Esteban San Juan - Invited Bonifacio to
war attend the demonstration of the
General Apoy arrested Antonio Montenegro Magdiwang rebels in Noveleta
because he Magdiwang's Minister of War, Ariston
If they couldn't agree on the type of Villanueva, stood up and spoke
revolutionary government they wanted, that if a new government was formed,
they compared the revolution to a gang of Andres Bonifacio, who had
bandits or a herd of mindless animals. organized and planned the entire
Jacinto Lumbreras - Previous Chairman of revolutionary movement, must of right
the Katipunan occupy the presidency without being
Fr. Cenon Villanueva - Officiated the oath elected
taken by the newly elected officers Santiago Alvarez - Magdalo's commander in
Severino de las Alas and Daniel Tirona- chief
Witness of the oath-taking Pascual Alvarez - Magdalo's executive
secretary
Luciano San Miguel - Magdiwang
representative
 Mariano Trias - Magdalo's minister of grace
and justice
Severino de las Alas – Magdiwang
representative
Santos Nocon - Magdiwang representative
Cayetano Topacio - Magdiwang's minister
of finance
Antonio Montenegro - Magdiwang
representative
Jacinto Lumbrera - Acting president of
magdiwang in the meeting
Sequencing of the Events During the Philippine Revolution of 1896, a The Katipunan of Cavite, divided into two
conflict arose between Andres Bonifacio, factions, the Magdiwang and the Magdalo,
the supremo of the Katipunan, the secret exercised sovereign power over a number
society that launched the uprising against of towns. Leaders of each council never got
Spain in August 1896, and Emilio Aguinaldo, together to elect their leader; they
a leader of the Filipino forces in Cavite proceeded independently to their elected
province who succeeded Bonifacio as leader.
leader of the revolutionary movement in
March 1897. In the hopes of bringing the When Cavite led by its two factions,
warring factions together and establishing a successfully rose in their revolt, disputes
new government, The Katipunan arise between the leaders of rival factions
government, Andres Bonifacio, and Emilio for their desire to control the other faction.
Aguinaldo agreed to hold the Tejeros The Magdiwang men initiated to invite
Convention. The Tejeros assembly was held Andres Bonifacio to visit Cavite and
on March 25, 1897 and was presided over by intervene in the conflict between the two
Magdiwang Council Secretary Jacinto factions.
Lumbreras. A misunderstanding arose between
Bonifacio and Magdalo chieftains, that they
The main topic of discussion, according to regarded him as "a king" and "acted as if he
Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras, was how to were a king", during his first visit to the
strengthen defenses in Magdiwang- region in 1896. He left for Cavite after
controlled areas. Severino de las Alas meeting Fernandez, who was his comrade
interrupted and stated that the major in the battle of San Juan but didn't carry out
issues, such as what kind of government we his promise had led to their defeat.
should have and how we should establish it,
should be addressed first. Secretary Bonifacio was invited to attend an event in
Lumbreras emphasized that the Katipunan Noveleta. Emilio Aguinaldo, a Magdiwang,
now has authority over the island, which observed the parade while having the plan
has a legal government and a clear plan. to nominate Edilberto Evangelista, with the
Severino de las Alas's intention of setting up a revolutionary
otherwise disagreed. government. After, an assembly was
A brawl broke out between General Apoy opened with Bonifacio as chairman.
and Antonio Montenegro, disrupting the Magdalo proposes to have a government
assembly. The Revolutionaries were with the Katipunan for it was no longer
compared to a gang of bandits or a swarm necessary. In the end, the assembly was
of mindless animals by Antiono adjourned, but tensions between the two
Montenegro. factions continues to rise.
General Apoy, who was hurt by
Montenegro's words, emphasized that they The leaders held another convention at the
are true revolutionaries fighting for native estate house in Tejeros. This was during
land freedom, not bandits robbing others of Aguinaldo's birthday March 22, 1987, and
their property and wealth. when he was facing the Spaniards in
General Apoy then arrested Antonio Salitran. The convention was opened by
Montenegro. Jacinto Lumbreras, however, Severino de
After the restoration of order, Andres las Alas took the floor and wanted to
Bonifacio assumed the chairmanship of the discuss what kind of government should be
assembly, because he is the Katipunan's and set up. Antonio Montenegro insulted the
the Revolution's Father. Secretary Katipunan which was not taken lightly by
Lumbreras believed Bonifacio was the Santiago Alvarez.
rightful chairman because, as Katipunan’s
leader, he was responsible for the spread of There was an election, and whoever was
the revolutionary movement throughout elected was to be acknowledged and
the Philippines. revered regardless of social rank or
The secretary of treasury warned that the education. Emilio Aguinaldo was chosen
ballots had been tampered with and that President, Mariano Trias was appointed Vice
some had already been filled out, but he President, Ricarte was appointed Captain
ignored this and continued with the General and Emilio R. de Dios as war
election. The following positions were up director, and Andres Bonifacio as interior
 for grabs: President, Vice President, director. Daniel Tirona challenged
Minister of Finance, Minister of Welfare and Bonifacio's viewpoint, which irritated the
Justice, and Captain General. Supremo, prompting him to bring the
Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Andres Bonifacio assembly to a halt and declare everything
for the presidency position in the that had been debated null and void.
revolutionary government. Mariano Trias
was elected Vice President, Artemio Ricarte Bonifacio thought he should have been
was elected Secretary of State and Emiliano granted the presidency but was denied
Riego de Dios was appointed Secretary of because of the Magdalo men's filthy
War. Daniel Tirona insisted that the position actions. He also said in his letter to Mariano
of Secretary of the Interior should be Alvarez that he would not acknowledge the
entrusted to a lawyer, Jose del Rosario. Chiefs chosen in the Imus Convention
The election of Magdiwang was null and should also not be acknowledged by the
void when Bonifacio's decision regarding people.
the election was not respected. It was
rumored that a meeting had taken place at
the Tanza parish house in Tejeros. The
Magdalo posted troops to guard the Tarzan
parish house and not admit any unwanted
Magdiwan partisans.
Difference of the Sources Santiago Alvarez's account of the Tejeros Historian Teodoro Agoncillo's Seeds of
Convention was short and brief but clear; Discontent was comprehensive since it has
expressing what needs to be conveyed many details and facts, giving the full
 without unnecessary words. He missed particulars of the events. This account
accounting for the events that lead to the started with the Katipunan of Cavite, which
assembly. Andres Bonifacio wrote a letter was divided into two factions, the
to his uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez venting Magdiwang and the Magdalo. The disputes
his anger which was triggered by Daniel between the two factions lead to the need
Tirona and in his letter, he reiterated his to unite the conflicting factions and
nullification of all that had been agreed establish a new government.
upon.
Analysis of the Differences between the Alvarez's narrative was insufficiently The organization believes that Bonifacio's
two Accounts comprehensive to fully comprehend what death was unjust since he wrote the letter
occurred both before and after the tragedy. to his uncle-in-law. Agoncillo's report was
It merely quickly presented the scenario, as exceedingly thorough, and everything
opposed to the second reading, which is about how the election became null, and
considerably more thorough about the void was explained. The major events in
events. Alvarez's narrative concentrates on Agoncillo's narrative focused on the
the election and how the officers fought disputes they experienced and the outcome
Bonifacio's decision to declare it null and of the election.
invalid.

Note: Plagiarism is highly discouraged. Those who will be caught plagiarizing or cheating on this activity will be automatically marked zero.

ALMIE GRACE T. ORCEO

Instructor