MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

 
2 123 −1
Question 1. (6 points) Let A = 1 456 1  If you know that det(A) =
2 789 1
   
x1 1
−420, then find the value of x2 in the solution of the linear system A x2  = 0
x3 1

1
2 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

Question 2. Determine whether the following vectors are linearly independent in

the vector space V (SHOWYOUR
 WORK).   
 1 1 1 
a)(4 points) V = R3 ,  0  ,  1  ,  0 
0 1 0
 

b) (4 points) V = P3 , 3x2 , x2 − 10x + 15, 10x − 15

 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006 3

Question 3. For each of the following sets of vectors, determine if it is a subspace.

If YES explain why and, if your answer is a NO then give an example to show why
it is not subspace.
  
 x1 
(a) (5 points) S = x2  | x1 − 5x3 = 0
x3
 

b)(5 points) S = {B ∈ R2×2 | A is singular (non-invertible) }

4 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

Question 4. Find a Basis for each of the following subspace S of the given vector
space V. (DO NOT SHOW IT IS A SUBSPACE)
  

 a+b 

b

 





5
a) (5 points) V = R , S =   c  | a, b, c ∈ R

 0 





 
c+b
 

b) (5 points) V = R2x2 , S = {A ∈ R2×2 | −A = AT }

c)(5 points) V = P4 , S = {p ∈ P4 | p(1) = p(0) = 0}

 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006 5

      
 1
 0 1 

 0 1 1
Question 5. Let S = Span   ,   ,  
     .
 1
 1 2

1 1 2
 
a)(4 points) Find a basis for S.

b)(4 points) Find an ORTHONORMAL BASIS for S.

6 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

Question 6. Consider the following set of polynomials in P3 .

S = {t2 + 1, t2 + 2t, 3t2 + t − 1}
c. (4 points) Find a basis for Span{S}.

b. (4 points) Does 6t2 − 1 belong to Span{S}?

 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006 7

 
a 1 2
Question 7. We have a 3×3 matrix A =  b 3 4  with det(A) = 3. Compute
c 5 6
the determinant of the following matrices:
 
a−2 1 2
(a) (2 points)  b − 4 3 4 
c−6 5 6

 
7a 7 14
(b) (2 points)  b 3 4 
c 5 6

(c) (3 points) 2A−1 AT

 
a−2 1 2
d) (4 points)  b 3 4 
c 5 6
8 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

Question 8.  
1 1
If A =
0 3
a) (4 points) Find all eigenvalues A

b) (6 points)Find a nonsingular matrix Q and a diagonal matrix D such that

Q−1 AQ = D (that it is A = QDQ−1 )
 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006 9

c) (5 points) For the matrix A in Question number 8, find A5

Question
 9. (6 points)
 Let
 R3 −→
 L: 
3
 R be alinear
 transformation
   such that
−2 −3 3 2 −1 −1
L  1  =  1  , L  2  = −2 , L −1 =  2 .
−2 2 −1 1 1 4
  
1
Find L  1 
−1
10 MTH221, LINEAR ALGEBRA, FINAL EXAM FALL 2006

 
1 0 −2 1 3
 −1 1 5 −1 −3 
Question 10. It is given that A = 
  and its reduced row
0 2 6 0 1 
1 1 1 1 4
 
1 0 −2 1 0
 0 1 3 0 0 
echelon form is given by B =  0 0 0
.
0 1 
0 0 0 0 0
(a) (2 points) Find the rank of A.

(b) (2 points)Find the nullity of A.

(c) (3 points) Find a basis for the column space of A.

(d) (3 points) Find a basis for the row space of A.

(e) (3 points) Find a basis for the null space of A.

 Final Review
1. (10 points) Find the general solution of
x + 2y + z = 1
x 2y + z = 2
2x + 4y + 2z = 2
2 3
6 2 2
2. Find the inverse and the determinant of A = 4 2 2 0 5
2 0 2
2 3
1 2 1
3. Suppose A is a 3 3 invertible matrix and A 1 = 4 3 5 2 5 :
1 0 3
2 3
1
(a) Solve the system of equations AX = 4 1 5
0
2 3
2008
(b) Solve the system of equations AT X = 4 1 5
0
4. Suppose A and B are 4x4 matrices. If det(A) = 2 and det(B) = 3 …nd
(a) det(3A 1 :B 1 )
(b) det(A2 :4B 1 )
(c) det(adj(A))
5. Suppose A is a 2 2 invertible matrix. If the row operation 2R1 + R2 !
R2 and then the row operation R2 + R1 ! R1 is performed on A, it
becomes the identity matrix.
(a) Find two elementary matrices E1 and E2 such that E2 E1 A = I2 2:
(b) Write A as a product of elementary matrices. [Hint: Use (a) ]
(c) Write A 1 as a product of elementary matrices. [Hint: Use (a) ]
0 1
1 0 3
6. (10 points) For which values of x (if any) is the matrix @ 0 x 2 A
3 10 x
singular (not invertible)?
7. (12 points) Express
0 1
1 0 1
A=@ 0 4 0 A
3 0 4
as a product of elementary matrices.

1
 8. Find a basis for the subspace of R4 spanned by

f(2; 9; 2; 53); ( 3; 2; 3; 2); (8; 3; 8; 17); (0; 3; 0; 15)g

2 3
1 3 2
9. Let A = 4 4 2 1 5 ; …nd
2 6 4

(a) the rank of the matrix

(b) a basis for Nul(A).
(c) a basis of the row space of A:
(d) a basis for the column space of A:
2 3 2 3
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
10. Suppose A = 4 3 5 2 3 5 and echelon form of A is 4 0 1 1 3 5:
1 0 3 2 0 0 0 1

(a) Find a basis for the column space of A.

(b) Find the nullity of A.
(c) Find a basis for the row space of A.

11. (12 points) Which of the following are subspaces of the given vector space
V ? Justify your answers.

(a) V = R3 , S = f(x; y; 0) : x + y = 0g.

(b) V = R3 , S = f(x; y; 0) : xy 0g.
a b
(c) V = R2 2
;S= : All matrices in V where abc = 0
0 c

12. (10 points) Find a Basis for each of the following subspaces S of the given
vector space V:

a b
(a) V = R2 2
;S = : All matrices in V where a + b c=0
0 c

(b) V = P2 ; S = f p(x) is in P2 and p(1) = 0g

13. (12 points)Determine whether the following sets of vectors are linearly
independent in the vector space V . Justify your answers.

(a) V = R3 , v1 = (1; 0; 0); v2 = (1; 1; 1) ; v3 = (2; 2; 3):

(b) V = P3 , p1 (x) = x2 + x 1; p2 (x) = 1 x2 ; p3 (x) = x

2
14. (10 points) Let T be the linear transformation from R2 to R2 given by
T (a; b) = (a b; 2b + a):

(a) Find the standard matrix representation of T .

1 1
(b) Find T (x; y) if T exists.

15. (14 points) Let 0 1

1 0 0
A=@ 0 1 1 A
0 0 2

(a) Find the characteristic Polynomial of A.

(b) Hence …nd the Eigenvalues of A.
(c) For each Eigenvalue of A, …nd a basis of the corresponding Eigenspace.
(d) Decide if A is diagonalizable or not. Justify your answer. If yes, give
an invertible matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that P DP 1 =
A.

16. (10 points) Consider the vectors u = (a 1 ; 1 ; b), v = (2 ; a ; 1)

and w = (3 ; a + b ; 2) in R3 . Find all values of a and b that make u
orthogonal to both v and w.
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
1 1 2 8
17. Let u1 = 4 0 5 ; u2 = 4 4 5 ; u3 = 4 1 5 ; and x = 4 4 5 :
1 1 1 3

(a) Show that the set = fu1 ; u2 ; u3 g is an orthogonal basis for R3 :

(b) Express x as a
linear combination of the elements in :
82 3 2 39
>
> 3 5 >>
<6 7=
1 7 6
7 ; 6 9 7 is a basis for a subspace W: Use
18. Suppose = 6 4
>
> 2 5 4 9 5> >
: ;
1 3
Gram-Schmidt to construct an orthonormal basis for W:

3
 Name—————————————–, ID ———————–

Linear Algebra MTH 221 Spring 2011, 1–8 © copyright Ayman Badawi 2011

Final Exam for MTH 221 , Spring 2011

Ayman Badawi

QUESTION 1. (12pts, each = 1.5 points) Answer the following as true or false: NO WORKING NEED BE
SHOWN.
(i) If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and det(A) = 4, then det(3A) = 12.

(ii) If A is a 10 × 10 matrix and det(A) = 2, then det(AAT ) = 1

(iii) If Q, F are independent points in Rn , then Q.F = 0 (Q.F means dot product of Q with F).

(iv) T (a, b, c) = (2ab, −c) is a linear transformation from R3 to R2 .

(v) If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and det(A − αI3 ) = (1 − α)2 (3 + α) and E1 = span{(2, 4, 0)}, then it is possible that A
is diagnolizable.
(vi) If T : R2 → R2 is a linear transformation and Ker(T ) = {(0, 0)}, then T is onto.

(vii) If A is a 4 × 5 matrix, then dimension of N(A) is at least one.

(viii) If A is a 3 × 4 matrix and Rank(A) = 3, then the columns of A are dependent.

QUESTION 2. (8pts)For what value(s) of k is the system of equations below inconsistent?

−x + y + z = k
2x − 3y + z = 2
−y + kz = 6+k
2 Ayman Badawi

QUESTION 3. (i) (5pts)For which value(s) of x is the following matrix singular (non-invertible)?
 
1 x 2
 −1 1 1 
 

−1 5 x + 1

(ii) (5pts)Find examples of 2 × 2 matrices A and B such that

det(A) = det(B ) = 2 and det(A + B ) = 25,

or explain why no such matrices can exist.

 MTH 221, Spring 2010 3

QUESTION 4. (12pts) Let  

2 −1 0
A =  1 −1 0 
 

2 −2 3
(i) Find A−1 .

(ii) Use your result in (i) above to solve the system

2x − y = 1
x−y = 2
2x − 2y + 3z = 1

 
1
(iii) Solve the system (AT )−1 X =  0 
 

−1
(If you need more space, then use the back of this page)
4 Ayman Badawi

QUESTION 5. (12pts)
(i) Form a basis, say B, for P4 such that B contains the two independent polynomials : f (x) = 1 + x + 2x2 , k(x) =
−2 − 2x + x2 .

(ii) Let S = span{(1, 1, −1, 0), (0, 1, 1, 1), (3, 5, −1, 2)}. Find an orthogonal basis for S .

(iii) Let S be the subspace as in (ii). Is (2, 5, 1, 3) ∈ S ? EXPLAIN your answer.

 MTH 221, Spring 2010 5

QUESTION 6. (12pts)
(i) Let S = {(a, bc + a, c) | a, b, c ∈ R}. Is S a subspace of R3 ? If yes, then find a basis for S . If No, then tell me
why not.

(" # )
a b
(ii) Let S = | a, b, c, d ∈ R and a + b + c = 0 . Is S a subspace of R2×2 ? If yes, then find a basis for
c d
S . If No, then tell me why not.

(iii) Let S = {f (x) ∈ P4 | f (1) = 0 OR f (−2) = 0}. Is S a subspace of P4 ? If yes, then find a basis for S . If No,
then tell me why not.

(" # )
x −x
(iv) S = : x, yR . Is S a subspace of R2×2 . If yes, then find a basis. If No, then tell me why not.
1 y
6 Ayman Badawi

QUESTION 7. (14pts) Let T : R4 → R3 such that T (a, b, c, d) = (a + 2b, −a − 2b + c − d, −2a − 4b − c + d) be

a linear transformation.
(i) (3pts)Find the standard matrix representation of T , say M .

(ii) (4pts)Find a basis for Ker(T).

(iii) (4pts)Find a basis for the range of T .

(iv) (3pts)Is (−2, 1, 3, 3) ∈ Kert(T )? Explain

 MTH 221, Spring 2010 7

QUESTION 8. (8 pts) Let T : P2 → R2 be a linear transformation such that T (1 + x) = (−6, −2), and T (2 − x) =
(−3, −1)

(i) Find T(5) and T(3x)

(ii) Is there a polynomial f (x) = a + bx such that T (a + bx) = (6, 2)? if yes, then find such f (x)
8 Ayman Badawi

 
1 4 4 4
0 −1 0 0
QUESTION 9. (12pts) Given A =   is a diagonalizable matrix.
 
0 0 −1 0 
0 0 0 −1
(i) Find a diagonal matrix D and an invertible matrix Q such that A = QDQ−1 .
(ii) Find A2012 .

Faculty information
Ayman Badawi, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab
Emirates.
E-mail: [email protected], www.ayman-badawi.com