LESSON 1: INTRO TO TTP

Teaching as a Vocation - Comes from the Latin word “vocare” which means “call”.

Teaching as a Mission- Comes from the Latin word “mission” to “send”.

Mission:

If you are doing it not only for the pay but also for service.
If you keep on teaching out of love.
If you are committed to teaching even if it means letting go of other activities.
If you remain teaching even though nobody recognizes your efforts.
If your concern is success plus faithfulness.

*THE “PWEDE NA” MENTALITY- Enemy of excellent Mission Preparation and Accomplishment.
“Talagang ganyan yan” If we remain true to our calling and mission as a
“wala na tayong magawa” professional teacher, we have no choice but to take
“di na mahalata” the
“di ko na yan sagot”. endless and the “less traveled road” to excellence.
“dagdag trabaho/gastos lang yan”.

The Historical Development of Teaching as a Profession in the Philippines

*PD 1006 (Decree Professionalizing Teaching)

Issued by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

“To insure that in the immediacy and urgency of teacher recruitment, qualitative requirements are not overlooked.
Although teaching requires a number of years of collegiate study, it is the only course that is not yet considered a
profession. In recognition of vital role of teachers in nation-building and as an incentive to raise the morale of
teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as professionals and teaching be recognized as a profession”.

*RA 7836 (Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994)

“Promote quality education by proper supervision and regulation of the licensure examination and
professionalization of the practice of the teaching profession” (Section2)

*Pre-Hispanic Period

- No established formal schooling in the country.

- No formal preparation for teachers.
- The mother’s fathers and tribal leaders served as teachers at home and in the community.

*During Spanish Period

- Free public school system was established by virtue of Educational Decree of 1863.
- One school for boys and another school for girls in every municipality.
- The Spanish missionaries served as teachers.
- Spaniards are the one who started training for teachers in normal school for women in
- Manila on 1875.
- At the end of Spanish rule, schools during the Spanish era were closed for a time by
- Aguinaldo’s government.

*Paz Ramos (Dean of the CoEd of UP, Diliman)

“The foundations of teachers education in the Philippines were laid by the Spanish government during the mid-
eighteenth century. It said to have begun on August 4, 1765, when King Charles of Spain issued a Royal Decree
requiring each village to ha a “maestro”. On November 28,1772, another Royal Decree specified the qualifications of
teachers. However, it was not until 1863 that there was a specific attempt to systematize and update the education
of Filipino teachers.”

*American Regime- American soldiers served as the first teachers.

In 1901, the Philippine Commission enacted into law Act 74 which create the Department of Public Instruction, laid
the foundations of the public school system and offered free primary education for Filipinos.

*Thomasites

Due to urgent need for teachers, the Americans gave bright young Filipino students opportunity to take higher
education in American colleges and universities financed by the Phil. Government. They were the pensionados.

*Act 74 of 1901

- Provided the establishment of Philippine Normal School (PNS) in Manila.

- The PNS formally opened on September 1901, as an institution for the training of teachers
- PNS offered a two-general secondary education program.
- In 1928, it became a junior college offering a two-year program to graduates of secondary schools.
- In 1949, the PNS, renamed Philippine Normal College, offered the four-year Bachelor of Science in
- Elementary Education.
- Other four-year teacher education courses followed after.
- Teacher preparation became four years only in 1949.

LESSON 2: THE DEMANDS OF SOCIETY FROM THE TEACHER AS A PROFESSIONAL AND AS A PERSON

This is exactly how the Code of Ethics of Professional Teachers define the professional teacher;

- The teacher is a “licensed professional who possesses dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence. He/she adheres to, observes and practices a set of ethical and moral
principles, standards and values.”

Models of Effective Teaching

A. Robert Marzano’s Causal Teacher Evaluation C. James Stronge- Teacher Effectiveness Performance
Model of four domains: Evaluation System (TEPES)
System.
- Classroom strategies and behaviors.
- Planning and Preparing. - Professional Knowledge
- Reflection on Teaching - Instructional Planning
- Collegiality and Professionalism. - Instructional Delivery
- Assessment of/for Learning
B. Charlotte Danielson Framework for Teaching. - The Learning Environment
- Professionalism
- Planning and Preparation - Student Progress
- The Classroom Environment
- Instruction D. The McRel model (Teacher Evaluation Standards)
- Professional Responsibilities.
- Teachers demonstrate leadership.
- Teachers establish a respectful environment for a
diverse population of students.
- Teachers know the content they teach.
- Teachers facilitate learning for their students.
- Teachers reflect on their practices.
The Demands of Society from the Teacher as a Person

12 characteristics of an effective teacher.

(Walker, Robert J.)

- Prepared - Fair - Have a sense of humor.

- Positive - Display a personal touch. - Respect students.
- Hold high expectations. - Cultivate a sense of belonging. - Forgiving
- Creative - Compassionate - Admit mistakes.

Professionalism = something demanded of teachers both as professionals and as persons.

*Article XI of Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.

Section 1: A teacher shall live with dignity at all times.

Section 2: A teacher shall place premium upon self-respect and self-discipline as the principle of personal behavior in
all relationships with others and in all situations.
Section 3: A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which could serve as model worthy of
emulation by learners, peers, and others.
Section 4: A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God or being as guide of his own destiny and of the
destinies of men and nations. RA 4670 ( Section 7)

INTEGRITY- Since the teacher’s work is not confined merely to the

development of certain fundamental skills and abilities encompassed by the
teaching of 3R’s but also includes the development of desirable habits and
attitudes that go into the formation of character, his manner of living should
provide a worthy example for his pupils and students to emulate for his
fellow teachers to be proud of, and for the community to feel as being
enriched by it.

LESSON 3: CODE OF ETHICS FOR TEACHERS

Preamble
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possesses dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence in the practice of their noble profession, they strictly adhere to observe, and
practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standards, and values.

Article I: Scope and Limitations

Section 1: vocational, special, technical, or non-formal. The term

The Philippine Constitution provides that all “teacher” shall include industrial arts or vocational
educational institution shall offer quality teachers and all other persons performing supervisory
education for all competent teachers and /or administrative functions in all school at the
committed of its full realization The provision aforesaid levels, whether on full time or part-time
of this Code shall apply, therefore, to all basis.
teachers in schools in the Philippines.
Relationship with the Secondary and Tertiary
Section 2: Stakeholders
This Code covers all public and private school teachers
in all educational institutions at the preschool, - The Teacher and the State.
primary, - The Teacher and the Community.
elementary. and secondary levels whether academic, - The Teacher and the Parents.
Article II: The Teacher and the State

Section 1: The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the state: each teacher is a trustee of the cultural
and educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as well
as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of country, instill allegiance to the
constitution and for all duly constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.

Section 2: Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the declared policies of the state, and shall
take an oath to this effect.

Section 3: In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as of his own. Every teacher shall be
physically,
mentally and morally fit.

Section 4: Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full commitment and devotion to duty.

Section 5: A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or other partisan interest, and shall
not. directly or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money or service or other valuable material from any
person or entity for such purposes.

Section 6: Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights and responsibility.

Section 7: A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or influence to coerce any other person to follow
any political course of action.

Section 8: Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have privilege of expounding the product of his
researches and investigations: provided that, if the results are inimical to the declared policies of the State, they shall
be brought to the proper authorities for appropriate remedial action.

Article III: The Teacher and the Community

Section 1: A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of the youth: he shall, therefore, render the
best service by providing an environment conducive to such learning and growth.

Section 2: Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively participate in community movements for
moral, social, educational, economic and civic betterment.

Section 3: Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition for which purpose he shall behave with honor and
dignity at all times and refrain for such activities as gambling, smoking, drunkenness, and other excesses, much less
illicit relations.

Section 4: Every teacher shall live for and with the community and shall, therefore, study and understand local
customs and traditions in order to have sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the community.

Section 5: Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the community informed about the school’s work
and accomplishments as well as its needs and problems.

Section 6: Every teacher is intellectual leader in the community, especially in the barangay, and shall welcome the
opportunity to provide such leadership when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate, and to actively
be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the people.

Section 7: Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal and official relations with other
professionals, with government officials, and with the people, individually or collectively.

Section 8: A teacher possess freedom to attend church and worships as appropriate, but shall not use his positions
and influence to proselyte others.
Article IX: The Teacher and Parents

Section 1: Every teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with parents, and shall conduct himself to
merit their confidence and respect.

Section 2: Every teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities, of the progress and deficiencies of learner
under him. Exercising utmost candor and tact in pointing out learners’ deficiencies and in seeking parent’s
cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of the learners.

Section 3: A teacher shall hear parent’s complaints with sympathy and understanding, and shall discourage unfair
criticism.

Relationship with the Internal Stakeholders

- The Teacher and the Learners.

- The teacher and the Teaching Community
- The Teacher and Higher Authorities

Article VIII: The Teacher and the Learners

Section 1: A teacher has a right and duty to determine the academic marks and the promotions of learners in the
subject or grades he handled, such determination shall be in accordance with generally accepted procedures of
evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint, teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate
actions, of serving due process.

Section 2: A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners are of first and foremost concerns, and
shall deal justifiably and impartially with each of them.

Section 3: Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced nor discriminated against by the learner.

Section 4: A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their parents or others in their behalf in exchange
for requested concessions, especially if undeserved.

Section 5: A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration from tutorials other what is authorized
for such service.

Section 6: A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work only in merit and quality of academic
performance.

Section 7: In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop between teacher and learner, the
teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the
learner.

Section 8: A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending learners nor make deductions from their
scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts which are clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.

Section 9: A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the maximum development of learners are adequate,
and shall extend needed assistance in preventing or solving learner’s problems and difficulties.

Article V: The Teacher and the Teaching Community

Section 1: Teacher shall, at all times, be imbued with the spirit of professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith
in one another, self-sacrifice for the common good, and full cooperation with colleagues. When the best interest of
the learners, the school, or the profession is at stake in any controversy, teacher shall support one another.

Section 2: A teacher is not entitled to claim credit or work not of his own, and shall give due credit for the work of
others which he may use.
Section 3: Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize for whoever assumes the position such records and
other data as are necessary to carry on the work.

Section 4: A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information concerning associates and the school, and shall
not divulge to anyone documents which has not been officially released, or remove records from the files without
permission.

Section 5: It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives for what he may appear to be an
unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associates. However, this may be done only if there is incontrovertible
evidence for such conduct.

Section 6: A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticism against an associate, preferably in
writing, without violating the right of the individual concerned.

Section 7: A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified, provided that he respects the system
of selection on the basis of merit and competence: provided, further, that all qualified candidates are given the
opportunity to be considered.

Article VI: The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Philippines

Section 1: Every teacher shall make it his duties to make an honest effort to understand and support the legitimate
policies of the school and the administration regardless of personal feeling or private opinion and shall faithfully
carry them out.

Section 2: A teacher shall not make any false accusations or charges against superiors, especially under anonymity.
However, if there are valid charges, he should present such under oath to competent authority.

Section 3: A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except when special conditions warrant a
different procedure, such as when special conditions are advocated but are opposed by immediate superiors, in
which case, the teacher shall appeal directly to the appropriate higher authority.

Section 4: Every teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek redress against injustice to the
administration and to extent possible, shall raise grievances within acceptable democratic possesses. In doing so,
they shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and the welfare of learners whose right to learn must be respected.

Section 5: Every teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments, promotions, and transfer of teachers
are made only on the basis of merit and needed in the interest of the service.

Section 6: A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual obligation to live up to his contract, assuming full
knowledge of employment terms and conditions.

LESSON 4: (REPUBLIC ACT No. 4670 June 18, 1966) THE MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS

I. DECLARATION OF POLICY COVERAGE

Section 1. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared to be the policy of this Act to promote and improve the
social and economic status of public school teachers, their living and working conditions, their terms of
employment and career prospects in order that they may compare favorably with existing opportunities in other
walks of life, attract and retain in the teaching profession more people with the proper qualifications, it being
recognized that advance in education depends on the qualifications and ability of the teaching staff and that
education is an essential factor in the economic growth of the nation as a productive investment of vital
importance.

Section 2. Title Definition. This Act shall be known as the "Magna Carta for Public School Teachers" and shall
apply to all public school teachers except those in the professorial staff of state colleges and universities.
As used in this Act, the term "teacher" shall mean all persons engaged in classroom teaching, in any level of
instruction, on full-time basis, including guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational
instructors, and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools, colleges
and universities operated by the Government or its political subdivisions; but shall not include school nurses,
school physicians, school dentists, and other school employees.

II. RECRUITMENT AND CAREER

Section 3. Recruitment and Qualification. Recruitment policy with respect to the selection and appointment of
teachers shall be clearly defined by the Department of Education: Provided, however, That effective upon the
approval of this Act, the following shall constitute the minimum educational qualifications for teacher-applicants:

(a) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor's degree in Elementary Education
(B.S.E.ED.);

(b) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor's degree in Education or its equivalent with a major
and a minor; or a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science with at least eighteen professional units in
Education.

(c) For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical courses, Bachelor's degree in the field
of specialization with at least eighteen professional units in education;

(d) For teachers of courses on the collegiate level, other than vocational, master's degree with a specific
area of specialization;

Provided, further, That in the absence of applicants who possess the minimum educational qualifications as
hereinabove provided, the school superintendent may appoint, under a temporary status, applicants who do not
meet the minimum qualifications: Provided, further, That should teacher-applicants, whether they possess the
minimum educational qualifications or not, be required to take competitive examinations, preference in making
appointments shall be in the order of their respective ranks in said competitive examinations: And provided,
finally, That the results of the examinations shall be made public and every applicant shall be furnished with his
score and rank in said examinations.

Section 4. Probationary Period. When recruitment takes place after adequate training and professional
preparation in any school recognized by the Government, no probationary period preceding regular appointment
shall be imposed if the teacher possesses the appropriate civil service eligibility: Provided, however, That where,
due to the exigencies of the service, it is necessary to employ as teacher a person who possesses the minimum
educational qualifications herein above set forth but lacks the appropriate civil service eligibility, such person
shall be appointed on a provisional status and shall undergo a period of probation for not less than one year
from and after the date of his provisional appointment.

Section 5. Tenure of Office. Stability on employment and security of tenure shall be assured the teachers as
provided under existing laws.

Subject to the provisions of Section three hereof, teachers appointed on a provisional status for lack of
necessary civil service eligibility shall be extended permanent appointment for the position he is holding after
having rendered at least ten years of continuous, efficient and faithful service in such position.

Section 6. Consent for Transfer Transportation Expenses. Except for cause and as herein otherwise provided,
no teacher shall be transferred without his consent from one station to another.

Where the exigencies of the service require the transfer of a teacher from one station to another, such transfer
may be effected by the school superintendent who shall previously notify the teacher concerned of the transfer
and the reason or reasons therefor. If the teacher believes there is no justification for the transfer, he may appeal
his case to the Director of Public Schools or the Director of Vocational Education, as the case may be. Pending
his appeal and the decision thereon, his transfer shall be held in abeyance: Provided, however, That no transfers
whatever shall be made three months before any local or national election.

Necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his family shall be paid for by the Government if his transfer is
finally approved.
Section 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Within six months from the approval of this Act, the
Secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare a Code of Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers.
A copy of the Code shall be furnished each teacher: Provided, however, That where this is not possible by
reason of inadequate fiscal resources of the Department of Education, at least three copies of the same Code
shall be deposited with the office of the school principal or head teacher where they may be accessible for use
by the teachers.

Section 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage
of any disciplinary procedure and shall have:

a. the right to be informed, in writing, of the charges;

b. the right to full access to the evidence in the case;

c. the right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative of his choice and/or by his
organization, adequate time being given to the teacher for the preparation of his defense; and

d. the right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.

No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken against a teacher during the pendency of his
case.

Section 9. Administrative Charges. Administrative charges against a teacher shall be heard initially by a

committee composed of the corresponding School Superintendent of the Division or a duly authorized
representative who should at least have the rank of a division supervisor, where the teacher belongs, as
chairman, a representative of the local or, in its absence, any existing provincial or national teacher's
organization and a supervisor of the Division, the last two to be designated by the Director of Public Schools.
The committee shall submit its findings and recommendations to the Director of Public Schools within thirty days
from the termination of the hearings: Provided, however, That where the school superintendent is the
complainant or an interested party, all the members of the committee shall be appointed by the Secretary of
Education.

Section 10. No Discrimination. There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in entrance to the teaching

profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of services, based on other than professional
consideration.

Section 11. Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall take all steps to enable married
couples, both of whom are public school teachers, to be employed in the same locality.

Section 12. Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the discharge of their professional
duties, particularly with regard to teaching and classroom methods.

III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION

Section 13. Teaching Hours. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be required to
render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be so scheduled as to give him time
for the preparation and correction of exercises and other work incidental to his normal teaching
duties: Provided, however, That where the exigencies of the service so require, any teacher may be required to
render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day upon payment of
additional compensation at the same rate as his regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his
basic pay.

Section 14. Additional Compensation. Notwithstanding any provision of existing law to the contrary, co-curricula
and out of school activities and any other activities outside of what is defined as normal duties of any teacher
shall be paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of his regular remuneration after the
teacher has completed at least six hours of actual classroom teaching a day.

In the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged in actual classroom instruction, any work performed
in excess of eight hours a day shall be paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of their
regular remuneration.
The agencies utilizing the services of teachers shall pay the additional compensation required under this
section.  Education authorities shall refuse to allow the rendition of services of teachers for other government
1âшphi1

agencies without the assurance that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration provided for under this section.

Section 15. Criteria for Salaries. Teacher's salaries shall correspond to the following criteria:

(a) they shall compare favorably with those paid in other occupations requiring equivalent or similar
qualifications, training and abilities;

(b) they shall be such as to insure teachers a reasonable standard of life for themselves and their
families; and

(c) they shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that certain positions require higher
qualifications and greater responsibility than others: Provided, however, That the general salary scale
shall be such that the relation between the lowest and highest salaries paid in the profession will be of
reasonable order. Narrowing of the salary scale shall be achieved by raising the lower end of the salary
scales relative to the upper end.

Section 16. Salary Scale. Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual progression from a minimum to a
maximum salary by means of regular increments, granted automatically after three years: Provided, That the
efficiency rating of the teacher concerned is at least satisfactory. The progression from the minimum to the
maximum of the salary scale shall not extend over a period of ten years.

Section 17. Equality in Salary Scales. The salary scales of teachers whose salaries are appropriated by a city,
municipal, municipal district, or provincial government, shall not be less than those provided for teachers of the
National Government.

Section 18. Cost of Living Allowance. Teacher's salaries shall, at the very least, keep pace with the rise in the
cost of living by the payment of a cost-of-living allowance which shall automatically follow changes in a cost-of-
living index. The Secretary of Education shall, in consultation with the proper government entities, recommend to
Congress, at least annually, the appropriation of the necessary funds for the cost-of-living allowances of
teachers employed by the National Government. The determination of the cost-of-living allowances by the
Secretary of Education shall, upon approval of the President of the Philippines, be binding on the city, municipal
or provincial government, for the purposes of calculating the cost-of-living allowances of teachers under its
employ.

Section 19. Special Hardship Allowances. In areas in which teachers are exposed to hardship such as difficulty
in commuting to the place of work or other hazards peculiar to the place of employment, as determined by the
Secretary of Education, they shall be compensated special hardship allowances equivalent to at least twenty-five
per cent of their monthly salary.

Section 20. Salaries to be Paid in Legal Tender. Salaries of teachers shall be paid in legal tender of the
Philippines or its equivalent in checks or treasury warrants. Provided, however, That such checks or treasury
warrants shall be cashable in any national, provincial, city or municipal treasurer's office or any banking
institutions operating under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines.

Section 21. Deductions Prohibited. No person shall make any deduction whatsoever from the salaries of
teachers except under specific authority of law authorizing such deductions: Provided, however, That upon
written authority executed by the teacher concerned, (1) lawful dues and fees owing to the Philippine Public
School Teachers Association, and (2) premiums properly due on insurance policies, shall be considered
deductible.

IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS

Section 22. Medical Examination and Treatment. Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of
charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year during the
teacher's professional life. Where medical examination show that medical treatment and/or hospitalization is
necessary, same shall be provided free by the government entity paying the salary of the teachers.
In regions where there is scarcity of medical facilities, teachers may obtain elsewhere the necessary medical
care with the right to be reimbursed for their traveling expenses by the government entity concerned in the first
paragraph of this Section.

Section 23. Compensation For Injuries. Teachers shall be protected against the consequences of employment
injuries in accordance with existing laws. The effects of the physical and nervous strain on the teacher's health
shall be recognized as a compensable occupational disease in accordance with existing laws.

V. LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Section 24. Study Leave. In addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by teachers in the public schools, they
shall be entitled to study leave not exceeding one school year after seven years of service. Such leave shall be
granted in accordance with a schedule set by the Department of Education. During the period of such leave, the
teachers shall be entitled to at least sixty per cent of their monthly salary: Provided, however, That no teacher
shall be allowed to accumulate more than one year study leave, unless he needs an additional semester to finish
his thesis for a graduate study in education or allied courses: Provided, further, That no compensation shall be
due the teacher after the first year of such leave. In all cases, the study leave period shall be counted for
seniority and pension purposes.

The compensation allowed for one year study leave as herein provided shall be subject to the condition that the
teacher takes the regular study load and passes at least seventy-five per cent of his courses. Study leave of
more than one year may be permitted by the Secretary of Education but without compensation.

Section 25. Indefinite Leave. An indefinite sick leave of absence shall be granted to teachers when the nature of
the illness demands a long treatment that will exceed one year at the least.

Section 26. Salary Increase upon Retirement. Public school teachers having fulfilled the age and service
requirements of the applicable retirement laws shall be given one range salary raise upon retirement, which shall
be the basis of the computation of the lump sum of the retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter.

VI. TEACHER'S ORGANIZATION

Section 27. Freedom to Organize. Public school teachers shall have the right to freely and without previous
authorization both to establish and to join organizations of their choosing, whether local or national to further and
defend their interests.

Section 28. Discrimination Against Teachers Prohibited. The rights established in the immediately preceding
Section shall be exercised without any interference or coercion. It shall be unlawful for any person to commit any
acts of discrimination against teachers which are calculated to (a) make the employment of a teacher subject to
the condition that he shall not join an organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization,

(b) to cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his membership in an
organization or because of participation in organization activities outside school hours, or with the
consent of the proper school authorities, within school hours, and (c) to prevent him from carrying out the
duties laid upon him by his position in the organization, or to penalize him for an action undertaken in
that capacity.

Section 29. National Teacher's Organizations. National teachers' organizations shall be consulted in the

formulation of national educational policies and professional standards, and in the formulation of national policies
governing the social security of the teachers.

VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Section 30. Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare the necessary rules
and regulations to implement the provisions of this Act. Rules and regulations issued pursuant to this Section
shall take effect thirty days after publication in a newspaper of general circulation and by such other means as
the Secretary of Education deems reasonably sufficient to give interested parties general notice of such
issuance.
Section 31. Budgetary Estimates. The Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress annually the necessary
budgetary estimates to implement the provisions of the Act concerning the benefits herein granted to public
school teachers under the employ of the National Government.

Section 32. Penal Provision. A person who shall willfully interfere with, restrain or coerce any teacher in the
exercise of his rights guaranteed by this Act or who shall in any other manner commit any act to defeat any of
the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred pesos nor
more than one thousand pesos, or by imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

If the offender is a public official, the court shall order his dismissal from the Government service.

Section 33. Repealing Clause. All Acts or parts of Acts, executive orders and their implementing rules
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

Section 34. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Act is declared invalid, the remainder of this Act or any
provisions not affected thereby shall remain in force and in effect.

Section 35. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

ARTICLE XIV

EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

EDUCATION

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

Section 2. The State shall:

(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs
of the people and society;

(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without
limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of
school age;

(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives
which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;

(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-
of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and

(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and
other skills.

Section 3. (1) All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of the curricula.

(2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of
the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship,
strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and
creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency.

(3) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their
children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular class hours by instructors designated or
approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards belong, without additional cost to
the Government.

Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the educational
system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions.

(2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission boards, shall be owned
solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is
owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity participation in all educational
institutions.

The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines.

No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more than
one-third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to schools established for
foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign
temporary residents.

(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly, and exclusively for
educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the corporate
existence of such institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the manner provided by law.

Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such
exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by law, including restrictions on dividends and provisions for
reinvestment.

(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used actually,
directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax.

Section 5. (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage local
planning in the development of educational policies and programs.

(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning.

(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable
admission and academic requirements.

(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and non-
academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.

(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain
its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction
and fulfillment.

LANGUAGE

Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and
enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate
and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the
educational system.

Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and,
until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and
shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and
optional basis.

Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated into major regional
languages, Arabic, and Spanish.

Section 9. The Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of representatives of various
regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and promote researches for the development,
propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other languages.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority
to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education,
training, and services. It shall support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, and their application to the country’s productive systems and national life.

Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private participation in
programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be
provided to deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted citizens.

Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology from all sources for the
national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private groups, local governments, and community-
based organizations in the generation and utilization of science and technology.

Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted
citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such period as
may be provided by law.

ARTS AND CULTURE

Section 14. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture
based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression.

Section 15. Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The State shall conserve, promote, and popularize
the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations.

Section 16. All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be
under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.

Section 17. The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve
and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national
plans and policies.

Section 18. (1) The State shall ensure equal access to cultural opportunities through the educational system, public
or private cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other incentives, and community cultural centers, and other
public venues. (2) The State shall encourage and support researches and studies on the arts and culture.

SPORTS

Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and
amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence
for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.

(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with
athletic clubs and other sectors.
 LESSON 5: HIS/HER PERSON, PROFESSION, AND BUSINESS

Article IV: A Teacher and the Profession

Section 1: Every teacher shall actively ensure that teaching is the noblest profession, and shall manifest
genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling.

Section 2: Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of quality education, shall make the best
preparations for the career of teaching, and shall be at his best at all times and in the practice of his profession.

Section 3: Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program of the
Professional Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency,
enhance the prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be
nationally and internationally competitive.

Section 4: Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support from the school, but shall not make
improper misrepresentations through personal advertisements and other questionable means.

Section 5: Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that makes it dignified means for
earning a decent living.

B. Article XI: The Teacher as a Person

Section 1: A teacher shall live with dignity in all places at all times.

Section 2: A teacher shall place premium upon self-respect and self-discipline as the principle of personal
behavior in all relationships with others and in all situations.

Section 3: A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which could serve as model worthy of
emulation by learners, peers, and others.

Section 4: A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God or Being as guide of his own destiny and of the
destinies of men and nations.

C. Article X: The Teachers and the Business

Section 1: A teacher has a right to engage, directly or indirectly, in legitimate income generation, provided that it
does not relate to or adversely affect his work.

Section 2: A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to financial matters such as in the settlement
of his just debts, loans and other financial affairs.

Section 3: No teachers shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially interested in, commercial
venture which furnish textbooks and other school commodities in the purchase and disposal of which he can
exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is inherently related to such purchase and disposal,
provided that such shall be accordance with existing regulations.