PERCENTAGE (Part I)

Basics:
Percentage means “OUT OF 100”. When I say I have got 60% marks in paper, it means that I have got 60
marks OUT OF 100. Now in mathematical terms,

%=1/100 = 0.01

Like:

A. 5%=5/100=0.05
B. 17%=17/100=0.17
C. 12.5%=12.5/100=0.125

SHORT CUT#1: WHEN DIVIDING ANY NUMBER BY POWERS OF 10 (LIKE 10,100,1000,10000 ETC..) JUST
MOVE DECIMAL POINT TO THE LEFT EQUAL TO NUMBER OF ZEROS. LIKE 1/100=0.01,,,25.3/10=2.53,,,
100.25/1000=0.10025.

SHORT CUT#2: WHEN MULTIPLYING ANY NUMBER BY POWERS OF 10 (LIKE 10,100,1000,10000 ETC..)
JUST MOVE DECIMAL POINT TO THE RIGHT EQUAL TO NUMBER OF ZEROS. LIKE
15X100=1500,,,25.3X10=253,,100.25X1000=100250

Now, moving on, the basic formula and rules to find %age are:

1.
2. The simplest number to assume in %ages is 100.
3. The sum of ALL percentages is always 100%.
4. The word “OF” means multiply ‘x’ in math, word “is/are/was/were”means”=” .

Now let us look at following examples to clarify our concept about above 4 points given in red box.

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Example 1. What is 20% of 50?

SOLUTION TRICK. First of all make equation:

In above question “what “means unknown which is to be calculated. So name this in the form of an
unknown for example . Word “Is” means =.” Of” is replaced by multiplication. Now question one is in
equation form.

1. What is 20% of 50.

X = 20% × 50

Now it is simple: put %=1/100

Step 2; = 20/100 X 50. Now cross the zeros of 100 with zero of 20 and 50.

=2X5

= 10 (ANS)

SHORT CUT#3: Remember always perform cutting BEFORE multiplication when solving. Like
above question could also be solved like: x=20x50/100 = 1000/10 = 10. But this is a longer and
time taking method. When we had done cutting of zeros, remaining multiplication was easy and
simple as compared to long numbers like 10,000.

Remember: YOU HAVE TO DO ALL THIS WITHOUT A CALCULATOR.

Example 2. 10% of what number is 6?

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 Same as above make equation “what number” is unknown so give it symbol .

10% of what number is 6.

Equation for this question: 10% X = 6

10/100 X =6

now cross multiplication so 100 multiplied by 6.

Equation will be 10 = 600

Divide both sides by 10:

= 600/10

Then cross the zero of 10 with one zero of 600. Then answer wil be

60.

Example 3. 25 is what % of 150

Solution. Same as above make equation (write in equation form). What is replaced by

25 is what % of 150.

In equation form 25 = X 150.

25 = X 150.

Then 100 divided by 150. Both will be divde on 50.

25 = /2 X 3

cross multiply (25 multiple by 2 ) then equation will be:

50 = 3

Then both side divided by 3. Then in right hand side only x will remain and equation become:

50/3 =

16.66% =

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Example 4. What is 20% of 30% ?
WHAT IS 20% OF 30%.

X = 20% x 30%.

Now Just put %=1/100,

X= 20/100x30/100

First do cutting:

X=2x3/100

X=6/100

(By ShortCut#1) X=0.06

Example 5. If 25 students took an exam and 4 of them failed. What

Percent of them passed?
To find %age of students passed, we first find the number of passed students:

Number of students who passed=25-4=21.

Next use basic formula of Percentage:

= 21/25x100

First do cutting of 25 with 100: = 21x4

=84% (ANS)

Example 6. Bilal gave 20% of his baseball cards to Salman and 15% to
Amir. If he still had 520 cards, how many cards did he actually have?
Now first understand the question, if u don’t understand, re-read it. The question says, after giving 20%
and 15% cards to Salman and Amir, Bilal had yet 520 cards left. We have to find how many he had

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originally. (or we have to find his total number of cards before giving to any person). So, Obviously our
answer will be more than 520.

Use Rule: The sum of ALL percentages is always 100%.

Therefore, 20%+15%+%age left=100%

So, %age left=100%-20%-15%

Or %age left=65%.

So, 520 cards which are left are 65% of original (total cards).

OR,

520 = 65% x O

520 = 65/100 x O

First do cutting, so 520 = 13/20 x O

Or O=520x20/13

First do cutting, O=40x20

Or O= 800 (ANS)

So, these are cards which Bilal originally had without giving it to any person.

Example 7. If 200 % of a number is 90. Then what is the 80 % of that

number.
Now I think we know how to solve it.. Let the number is N.

Then 200% x N = 90.

Put %=1/100; 200/100XN = 90

Or 2xN=90.

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Or N=90/2 =45.

The question is not solved yet. We have to find “80% of this number (I.e N=45)

So what is the 80 % of that number.

X = 80/100 x N

X=8/10x45.

(Always first do cutting before multiplication)

X=4/5x45

X=4x9 = 36 (ans).

EXERCISES
Q. 1 If 75% of number added in 75 ,then the result will be same number. Find the Number.

200
150
100
300

[HINT: 75/100*X + 75 = X]

ANS=300

Q. 2 12 is 1/3% of what no.?

[HINT: 12=1/300x X]

ANS=3600

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Q.3 If 80% of x is 50% of y and y is 20% of z then what is x in terms if z???

[HINT: 80/100*x=50/100*y and y=20/100*z=z/5, put this value of y in first equation]

ANS: x=z/8

Q.4 A company sell three types of mobiles worth 100, 125, and 225. It sold equal no. of all
mobiles. What is the percent share of cheapest mobile?

[HINT: Use basic formula of %age: = 100 / (100+125+225)*100%

ANS=22.22%

Q.5 If c is a positive number, 500% of c is what percent of 500c.

 0.01
 0.1
 1
 10
 100

[HINT: 500/100 * c = x% * 500c - 5c= x/100*500c -5c=x*5c]

ANS: x=1.

Q.6 What Percent of 24 is 18?

1. 25
2. 50
3. 75

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 4. 150
5. 133

[HINT: x% of 24=18]

ANS: x=75

Q.7 8 is 1/3% of what Number?

[HINT: 8=1/3*1/100*x]

ANS: x=2400

Q.8 Bilal gave 110 of his baseball cards to Salman and 75 to Amir. If he still had 315 cards, What
percent of cards he gave away to both Salman and Amir?

[HINT: Use basic formula of %age: = (110+75) / (110+75+315)*100%]

ANS=37%

Q.9:

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[HINT: Use %=1/100; given = square root of (1/100 x 25 / 100 x 100/100) = square root of
(25/100x100) = square root of (1/400) = 1/20=0.05]

ANS=1/20 or 0.05

SHORT CUT#4: WHEN TAKING SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER INVOLING ZEROS (LIKE 400,90000, 1600
ETC..) JUST TAKE SQUARE ROOT OF NON-ZERO PART AND HALF THE NUMBER OF ZEROS. LIKE

√ .√ .√ .√ .

SHORT CUT#5: WHEN TAKING SQUARE OF A NUMBER INVOLING ZEROS (LIKE 300,1200, 150 ETC..) JUST
TAKE SQUARE OF NON-ZERO PART AND DOUBLE THE NUMBER OF ZEROS. LIKE

3002=90000. 12002=1440000. 1502=22500.

Q.10: Find the value of N if:

A. 7200
B. 720
C. 72
D. 7.2
E. 0.72

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[HINT: Use %=1/100; 90% x 80% = 90/100x 80% = 9x8% = 72%-- N=72. Here we have put one
percent sign as it is because %age sign is also present on right hand side. If we replace both Percent
signs by 1/100, at the end we will have to multiply it by 100 and 1/100 and put 1/100=% and multiply
100 with answer]

ANS=72.

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