ARMIET

ALAMURI RATNAMALA
ARMIET
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOL0GY ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF Charitable Tnust) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Run by Koti VidyaMinority Institute)
Almn Retmomaio Linguistic
Alamun Ratnamala
Aomu d te (Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

Assignment 2 ranspqrency in ODAMs.

C2. Explaio Voarious eels o
anddisadianteges of Dnor Adi staibcteol detoabase is_es:essenHellsa database
QIExplain the adyantaqes at's not limiteo lo aE least one system,it couers
Disaduantaqe diRtexent Sites i.e on mulHple_compulers ay Ovr a
Alva.atages nehosk OE Computers
Data am laccutes nec he- Lomplexity O aaunaemeat and Iransparecuin DoGMS ele1s to the transpasent-
reakesE dlemano sie Coniro distibukion of ioformution bthe user rom the system
T hclps in hidinq th inkormatBon hat is be implement
Te databasa is easie tohe dishibuteol daabase. isquie he vsee let say. Rar example in a naxmul Dams
expanol as it is_alreey Sp Complexand itisdikticult o nhaelata independence is c Paxm of hoanspareney hcu helps ia
across mulHple Susktms &itis Sure theh aser gets o Unikrm hiding_okanges in the dlelicubion aad ocaanizaton ofLe
nat too complicabeal toadd o ieo he dakobase becaeilks lata fcoa a he useeut h cl howehe sene ouerodl
Systemn Spreae aoss nuliple locouhons.tatqe Thab means o make use o heolistnibued
olatabase the same as a centralireol dakabase
he listibutedl database can ha his database is more expen[1ue In dismibukeod -dalabae_manaq-ementSystem there_one koun
he dlara aanaed accading to las it is_ Complea an kence ype of hrunsparencie, shich are as Dhous-
dPPerent levels oP transprent oliPRetult to mainkain
iedala with diPtenent hranspare ransecHbO
ranspaTeney
PeTkormamee
unsp0Ttny
levels coan be sreel at dRPPArent oDems
loeaHons: ranspae
ncy

T is cheaperto cmeae a Oishribuec

eHooTk of syskemg caolainimTts olitiedt_o maukcui clalea ranspane ranspeaTene

a part o La_olahbase iaderqrihy ia the olishibutele
s easily increas.ed or base becae of ik nahe TansacHan transparency isAranspaneney makes sure -tha
deCmeasel i skre ar ons all Ahe hcansacion that are dishibuted preRL alishibutee
rmultipleJocah tabase 'ateqi and equlanty Also,itis t o understanal hok
Seme of he dala nades ao
he sbutea)
dishibutes) odatahase
ddatahage is complialishribuiotransaetion accexs in h edaa storeel at multple
is Co
n o T me
Rurcho oeogk_ui loca hions. Another -fhing tonotice sthaE heDOBMs is
c aions
SdiPicuJt Anaha Page No.
 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Chantable Trust)
Alomuri Rotnamalo Run by Koti Vidya AlamurlRotnomola (Run by Koti vidya Chantable Trust)
Minority Institute)
r s h d Epeirsg Ard lkrelcg

(A Hindi Linguistic (A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

of ENESUbdransuIEpleia query processinq in a disribuecd daabase

esponsi ble or malntcioin he domicify aamentalo daubase manaqment
h Use A uery processinqin a oisibuted
i s YOY Complex cue o
allocajon and gepicaHon
Struclae oF OBM3 System rquurce he hrumsmission oP cala bekueen -e Comakm
Ina network A disibuien StrckegyFor a 9uty is e cscc4
Performanre his anspaneny requred a
ranspcorency OP alate transmissions and loccu deta processirg io a dabeahase
DDAMS a uworlk in away hat E 1E i3 a
Centadized Systemheoerely o que in dishmibuteok ems fequines dosa
lahabase managemenk Syabem Alsodhe Syshen shaudd naken muliple sieand his necel Ar claa rem ditternt
Unodergo ony alown in periormane as its orchiteture is Sites, and this neeel for daBa Brom difLerert sites is _calkd
isbriueal quer proeessor whish can mapdala aquet.te hansmissiorn ot cala hat Causes Cermmunicaion Lass
into_an_ocdes.eolsequentt a oparesians onhe iord dkals. rq pro.cessig in Dams ishiscitferenk am queyroesi
CommLnicoio.o Lost ak data
This has arothe Complexihy u take under Censiclerehion which in_cenhraulireal 0BIn3 due o
is o eagmectatianeplteaion andl allecaion sucsre ot Ooesaster oer -enthoonk TEe bransmissioncast is lau
uwhen sites ase Connecheal Hruughhi l - Speeol lekuerk 2iE
DeMs dransparency This nanospanensis only pplicable toquiSigniticankin or neaark
heteroaeneaus ype ot DDeMS as it hides he factHhat
he local oßns mau be diflerent his hAnsparency is
One ot most (omplicea transparencis to makeUS
6P a generaulizaioa.
a

Oishibuion tsansparencu OisBnbuion trunsguncy helps Hat

yser o ecoanize Hae daabase aS sinale tainaso ra -
lootca entihy,ndif a O0BMsdisplo disibujon dak
reanspar ena Hhen neUsen oloe not ncee u Knouwha
he daa is raamented:
Oisribuion trans poreny ha

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 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
OF
INSTITUTE
Trust)
Charitable Alomuri Rotnomola (Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
Alomuri Rotnamola Run by Koti Vidya I s t of Engate ring And eckrooay
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)
rsA of tagnamg And leruS) Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)
(A

ransparendy? Explcin the upe

Ot Aansparen horizontel acd vericsuraamentcatHon echniques
S4 klhoat is Date
Should achieve ith belp af examples of
-es dishibuteol database meaOY thak > Horizontal Fraqmenhauhion!is refers o he paocess
Inadishributeal daabase System, iansaeny oB
lividlao a Jable korizontally by assigninq each rowor
e DDBMS hides all he addeol complexijes d ougHmhLuia Single be assigneoto diflerent sldes Ia te
arewansing Lwta a relahon Bo men
lowinaq USesso hink hout hu tuples of he table
disributesl ustecm Some of he rows or
Centraiseol SysBem ano he Tes oat placeelia othe
DDeMS Inteqrutes are places inone SyStem
As we oliscusSeal earliera hekerog.eneous hat belon4 t o e honzontal rogmens
a nekurk Eor a ODAMS_o dsolo Sstems The rows
number oP nOMY's Ove mri aribuky
ofHae- - a r Specilicel by eq ConoiHon on oncor
Hehe rogenits Trounsparanty, useTS llpo4 be aware elaion. Tnpelaional cuaebra hari zonel fcanam
p their System: DHe
Pferent pes a£ oems's Hhat muke
cataion en Jabl , cea be epresented as bllou:
Tahe evenk ot individual oaole failuM,he o0BMs Shaulo
ensure Hhat th faileal nades operolions Coniinue ak 0-the 3ite. OpT)
This ekace oodes is relerresl o as: Failure onspore where is Telakional adgeba operar br SelechHon
Feilure ransparency is olhB£ledk toarovide. beacuse a Aode- pis he (ondiHon Sautiseid by C harizonka/trogmt
Pesilurce no occar Br anuy olifferen- easors, inclueing Comoun Tis cale a compleke horionkad foeqment
iceuion or SoPtuwome Peulures loraplicaeol oucumeny_tonfm]_
technquA aS wellas alaa fragmentahorn and eepicaion_cuo Eor exampe , Consider an EMPLaYEE Tabe(T).
add o He_complexities of proudins continuos ranspareaE
Dpertuhons uhilst_ensuring daakaseintegrik and fonsistendy Eno Enamebesign 1alary Dep-

o A abe 3oaa
1o2 B g Uoo0
lo3 abc 5500
04 abe500o
105 E abe 2000
his Employee Labkcan be dividech inla dlifferent fangmeas
Empi Coep EmPLOYEE
EMP2 a Coep 2 EraplovEE- Page No.
These wo fregmenks ae 1 frugme rt of dep =f
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 ARMIET
INSTITUTE OF
ALAMURI RATNAMALA

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Charitable Trust)
(Run by Koti Vidya Alomud Rctnamel
Alamuri Ratnomolo
Minority Institute) Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic
(A Hindi Lnguistic Minonty Institute)

Eno Enme Oesign Salamy oep Eo exoample u the Eemploetable we have TLa.
A obc 3000
02 abc 000 Eno Enome Design Tuple-d
ullb
Similaryhe 12 fragment on He basis Of: Dep=2
abc
ab 2
02
tno Eram Desan Saly Oep 163 C abe 3
abt
103 abe 5500 2 Lo4
E
2 cabe
104 be So00 65
105 qbe For the Seconod Sub tablei oF reahon after vez icad irag
Now here i is pa.ssible o gek baek as Te 1 UmUcion is qiven asFollo

Salary De Tuple-id
NeicalEragmenalion - is nelers ko the praxess of 300o
2
decnposing a table verically by dtibutesare olumas:
Tnisagnnenkaton Sorne of He cttibuken are saves sn S500
One Syshem and hu rest are slorosk In other System 5000
This is because ecich site my notneed all (olums eta tdak- 2 0 0 0
In oder o +ake core ot resoraHon, each ragmeat must This is ard o gek hack otaarigincTe join
Canain paimary kq iclds)in atableThe ragmentekin kuo fragnents T and a s EmpLoYEE L12 -
Shouldbe in guch a nanner hot we Can ebuild a tekle
ioen e raarnent bytakiay-he nakurod
and lomalke it possible uenecad oiclude aJON operahion
Jle Tuple-id o the schema. special attibu
L a n Dse
For +his puTpose,9 URr
onySuper ky Pnd by i s , fhe uplk or rous
COn bA liakedl teaetreT hemro jechon
a On 1) is as blou
i s satocas
cadgebia opera kor
a

n
aiL he aarbutes of
T s ahe iabR (eat (TeiaHon) Page No
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 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Alomuri Rotnomola Run by Køti Vidya Charitable Trust)
InsRiute of Engnetring And Techrology
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

6 hat are -the Funchions of a Detabase Manqgement

System (DBMs)?
A dakatbase lDBMs) is a Sottuore
molnagmen System
rerieue and
paclkage olesianes Eo olo me monipulate
manage data i n a database A 08MSgenerally manipulatu
he olata itsel£_the olata format ield names, record Struckur.
a n d ile sruckure

DeMs unchons-L Oata Diclonay Managemenat

2. Oato ShorageManagement,
3 Oata Transfrmaion_aad Presenbeaioa-
. Secudi Managmenk-
S. Muli-User Access Conrol-
Badkup andRecaveryMcnagment,
1Data Integity Managemen
8. Ootabaje Aecess Languages anal Application Taterface,
Oakabase Communi caion ntrface

4. Data Dictionan Manag.ment

TT daka olicionry 3 o r e s h e dletinilions of oata elem
ond heir elakHonship his iaformaui.on is termeal as m tad-
he metadata includes deiailion of data oloba pa
elaionship bekwten betueen daka totegmh Consraints etc

2 Oata Storage Mareqment

The DBMS CTeakes he complex Shcuchure eqatea orola
StorageThe users ase rece fram definiog, progruming and-
implemening the complex phySi cal data charackerisics-
Page No,
 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Alomuri Rotnomola
hsfahe d Enginea tng Aed echrolag Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

3. Oaka Teansformaion anol Presentakion

DBMs Supports daka iodependenc Hence lhL DemstransaJal
loaicaequest lnta commands ha physically locate and
ekrievehe cequested data The Oems Pormaks Hoe phySicall
retriveddabq according to ht logia odata kbrma Speci licons

4 Securik Manaqement
he oBMS Ceesa secuzihy Systemtao eoYorces user
Securikano okta priuacuithin the alakaboase. Securik
Tules dehermine hc acLess nighks oP ha users.

5. Muliuser Acess Conbol

he DGMs enures hat muliple users can acesshe
dahabaseConLUIenkly wtthouk compxomising he inkegihy_ol
he olatabase.

Backup anoRecaveru- Management

he nGMS pmouide baclup oinol dlala pecoue pmaclues o
enSure claka SaPchy anoinkegriky 0SMs Syshem prouide
Speciautilike
Special ohich allou e OIM_o perform rouknt_otd
Special backup and esBore prcoLedures.

1Daka Toteqri Aanogement-

The OBMS promstes anc enkrce inkearik u e n ta elimioat
olaa integrihg problems, hus minimizing -the olaBa seoluncdancy
Ond maximizinqdata Consiskency.

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 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Alomuri Rotnomola
rstute of Enganetring And Techwrkogy Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

Dotoabase Access language and Applicufion InterPace

Theo@Ms peosiden olaka access via queranguage Aquen
Language is a non-protedurcd languagf -Hha is me usen
Only need a speiiuhot musk be olont uithou speciing
bau ik is to be dlone.

Dauahase co.mmuniccton nterfacen

DiRtenent users ma4 access he olalabase thmougla
nehwork eovironment So he o@ms prouiale Communicaion
Punctions t access the daabase hrough compuken nekaok
enyionmenE

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 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
Alomuri Rotnomola
Fsb olEniet:iny And Tethrekog
(Run by Koti Vidya Chanitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

QDLWhat me -the ciffesent Components of

O8MS2

Handuiae

Doka Acess Compore3 o SofHaor

DSMS
Lcing uage

Data
Procedut

System
Har duare1h honduate is he acual omputercooumhian
dakaba_e he
USeal kor keepinq andoccessingq he
Consisis o secondlarysoroge _alaices Such ad
Dems borduare
oE machines rom
harol disks: Daitabases run on he Tange
miCro Computers tu main Prame)-
08MS bekwcen the
SoHtwore'-Sofkuart is hc ackual
AL 4he equests
physicdababase anol he uSTS o h e system
handlledl by
om ht uStr or accessing -fhc databese s
DeMS
of the daabase marageit
Data- I t is an imparBunt Componenk
moin task o OGMs is to poCss the daka._
syshem he
vseol to Sore the date, ehived, and updake
Oakabase ar
Ho andfrom Hhe olaBabase.

Page No,
 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Alomuri Rotnomalo
Insute of Enginee ning Ard Techndlogy Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

Users hee ome a numbex oE Users ho Lon accens

O r eieve
Or the daa on elemanoUsingh applics
and e interfaces rovioleoby he DeMas
he USeTS o he olatabase can be olqssifted
mo
oEferent oroups G) Nohve Usens omline Users
Sers SpecializealUsers ) Aplicahon users Sphisticai
OBA - Oatabase Adminisknakoy
 ARMIET
ALAMURI RATNAMALA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Aismun Rctnomals (Run by Koti Vidya Charitable Trust)
(A Hindi Linguistic Minority Institute)

g8. Lthat is a No.SOL database 2

b No SGLcUo refe-recta cu oot only S0L
Inshead of he typica tabular shructre of oa pelaiona
olaubase No SaL databaseshowe cdata witHin
ore dlae
is also-
Srucure Such an TSOA olocument AlosG
inkormcukon isLbpiel
ollshibuteal ahabase, uwhich pmeans that
Temole b (oral
Onol sored on uaious SeverS which CoLn be
(omponjaA neesl o muoge _erqe_olauka Nalume at
To du
speeos ith e abiliky to Sode up quikly fo Tun
high
neoly every indusEr
Modtn web cpplicaion in

G .wile hedhonockeristies of Blgpak Applicalons

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