Mathematics in Modern World

MODULE MATERIALS

List of Modules

No. Module Title Module Code

1.1.1 Number Patterns

1 1.1.2 Word Problems Involving Patterns MMW 113-1.1
1.1.3 Organizing Patterns
1.2.1 Arithmetic Sequence
2 1.2.2 Geometric Sequence MMW 113-1.2
1.2.3 Fibonacci Sequence
2.1.1 Sets and Set Notations
3 MMW 113-2.1
2.1.2 Kinds of sets
4 2.2.1 Set Relations and Operations MMW 113-2.2
5 2.3.1 Venn Diagram MMW 113-2.3
2.4.1 Functions and Relations
6 2.4.2 Evaluating Functions MMW 113-2.4
2.4.3 Operations on Functions
3.1.1 Propositions and symbols
7 3.1.2 Kinds of propositions MMW 113-3.1
3.1.3 Symbols in logic
8 3.2.1 Truth tables MMW 113-3.2
9 3.3.1 Forms of Conditional Propositions MMW 113-3.3
3.4.1 Conditional Equivalents
10 3.4.2 De Morgan’s Law MMW 113-3.4
3.4.3 Tautologies and Fallacies
4.1.1 Counting Techniques
11 MMW 113-4.1
4.1.2 Factorial Notation
4.2.1 Sample Spaces and Events
12 MMW 113-4.2
4.2.2 Experimental Probability
13 4.3.1 Random Variables MMW 113-4.3
4.4.1 Discrete Probability Distribution
14 4.4.2 Computing the Variance of a Discrete MMW 113-4.4
Probability Distribution
4.5.1 Visualizing a Normal Distribution
15 MMW 113-4.5
4.5.2 The Standard Normal Curve
4.6.1 Locating Percentiles under the Normal
16 MMW 113-4.6
Curve

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 39 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
 Information Sheet MMW 113-2.3
Mathematical Language and Symbols

2.3.1 Set Operations

 Venn Diagram – is a graphic way of showing how two or more groups of

information overlap or have the same features. Each circle represents
one of the sets, or groups of information

 U stands for the Universal Set. This is the collection of all the sets we
are discussing.

 Union – For any two sets A and B, the set consisting of all elements
belonging to either set A or set B is A union B. It is denoted by A U B.
Example:
A = {2, 3, 5, 7} B = {2, 4, 6, 7}
AUB=

A B

3 4
2
5 7 6

 Intersection – For any two sets A and B, the set consisting of all
elements belonging to both A and B is the intersection of A and B. It is
denoted by
A ∩ B.
Example:
A = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8} B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A∩B=

A B

0 2 3 5

4 8 1 7 9

 Complement - the complement of a given set A is the set which

contains the elements not found in set A but are found in the universal
set. This is denoted by A’.

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 40 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
Example:
U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, m}
A = {a, c, e, g}
B = {a, b, d, f, h}

A’ = {b,d,f,h,m} B’ = {c,e,g,m}
A B m A B m

c e b d c e b d
a a
g f h g f h

 Difference of two sets (A – B) – is the set of all elements that belong to A

but not to B.
Example:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {2, 3, 5, 7}

A – B = {1,4) B – A = {5,7}

Seatwork # 2.3.1
A. List all the elements in the set described.
Given:
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, …, 15}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
C = {5, 10, 15}

1. A U B :

2. A – B:

3. A’:

4. B’:

5. A ∩ B:

6. B – A:

7. (A U B)’:

8. B – C:

9. C’:

10. A U C’:

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 41 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
B. Use the given information to describe the sets.
Given:
U = {x|x are numbers between 2 and 20}
A = {x|x is an even number less than 15}
B = {x|x is a prime number less than 20}
C = {x|x is a counting number greater than 10 but less than 20}

1. A U B:
2. A ∩ C:
3. B U C:
4. A’ ∩ B’:
5. B – C:
6. (A U B) – C:
7. (A ∩ B)’ ∩ C:
8. A U B U C:
9. B’ U C’:
10. C’ – B:

2.3.1.1 Illustrating Venn Diagram

A. Fill in the sets with the correct data given the Venn diagram. The numbers
inside the circles are the element of the set.

x y

2 1 6

4 10
5 15

1. X = {1, 2, 4, 5, 10} 6. X U Y = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15}

2. Y = {1, 6, 10, 15} 7. X U Y U Z = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15}

3. Z = {5, 7, 10, 15} 8. X ∩ Z = {5, 10}

4. X – Y = {2, 4, 5} 9. (X U Z) ∩ Y = {1, 10, 15}

5. Y – Z = {1, 6} 10. Y U (X ∩ Z) = {1, 5, 6, 10, 15}

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 42 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
B. Identify the elements of each sets in the diagram.

1.
A B C A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
1 4 6 C = {5, 6, 7, 9}
5
3 9
2 8 7

2.
A B
3 4
2

1 5 7 A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
8 6 B = {2, 4, 5, 6, 7}
C = {5, 6, 8, 9, 10}
9 10

2.3.1.2 Solving Word Problems Involving Venn Diagram

In a group of 6o students:
34 are members of Music Club (Mu)
30 are members of Art Club (A)
32 are members of Math Club (Ma)
25 are members of Art and Music Club (A ∩ Mu)
14 are members of Math and Music Club
(Ma ∩ Mu)
11 are members of Art and Math Club (A ∩ Ma)
7 are members of all the three clubs

Math Music

14 7 2

7
4 18

1
7
Arts

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 43 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
1. How many are members of Math Club only? 14

2. How many are members of Music Club only? 02

3. How many are members of Art Club only? 01

4. How many are members of Art and Music Club but not members of Math
Club? 21

5. How many are members of both Math and Music Clubs only? 23

6. How many are not members of Math Club? 28

7. How many students do not belong to any of the three clubs? 07

Seatwork # 2.3.2
Use a Venn Diagram to solve the following problems.

1. Seventy-two students were taken at random from all Grade 11 students of

Bulacan Polytechnic College. An interview with them by the guidance
counsellor on subject preference revealed the following results:

Math Science

34 favored Science
30 favored Math
28 favored Reading
15 favored Math and Reading
12 favored Math and Science
10 favored Science and Reading
8 favored all three subjects

Reading

a. How many favoured Science only?

b. How many favoured Math only?
c. How many favoured Reading only?
d. How many did not favour any subjects?

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 44 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
2. During the recent survey conducted on 130 families by the food production
team at Kabuhayan Village, it was found out that some families were engaged
in gardening, poultry raising, and fishpond rising. The findings of the team
were as follows:

68 families were engaged in gardening G F

58 families were engaged in fishpond
52 families were engaged in poultry raising
24 families were engaged in
fishpond and Gardening
20 families were engaged in
fishpond and poultry Raising
15 families were engaged in
poultry raising and gardening
10 families were engaged in the
three food production activities P

a. How many families were engaged in gardening only?

b. How many families were engaged in poultry rising only?
c. How many families were engaged in fishpond raising only?
d. How many families were not engaged in any of the three activities?
e. How many families were engaged in at least two of them?

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 45 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos