This document presents a control system for an advanced air handling unit using Lonix technologies. The air handling unit controls temperature and humidity for an office building. It uses sensors to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity at various points. Controlled components include fans, dampers, and heating/cooling devices. PIDs, schedules, and interlocks are configured using Lonix modules to control the system and trigger alarms or shutdowns when needed.
This document presents a control system for an advanced air handling unit using Lonix technologies. The air handling unit controls temperature and humidity for an office building. It uses sensors to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity at various points. Controlled components include fans, dampers, and heating/cooling devices. PIDs, schedules, and interlocks are configured using Lonix modules to control the system and trigger alarms or shutdowns when needed.
This document presents a control system for an advanced air handling unit using Lonix technologies. The air handling unit controls temperature and humidity for an office building. It uses sensors to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity at various points. Controlled components include fans, dampers, and heating/cooling devices. PIDs, schedules, and interlocks are configured using Lonix modules to control the system and trigger alarms or shutdowns when needed.
This document presents a control system for an advanced air handling unit using Lonix technologies. The air handling unit controls temperature and humidity for an office building. It uses sensors to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity at various points. Controlled components include fans, dampers, and heating/cooling devices. PIDs, schedules, and interlocks are configured using Lonix modules to control the system and trigger alarms or shutdowns when needed.
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Air Handling Unit
Example Implementation with Lonix Technologies 01/2009 www.lonix.com
Example Application Air Handling Unit
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INDEX 1 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3 AIR HANDLING UNIT EXAMPLE ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 CONTROL DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 4 SOLUTION WITH LONIX TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................ 5 REQUIRED DEVICES .......................................................................................................................................... 8
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1 Introduction This document presents an implementation example for an air handling unit using Lonix technologies. The controls are done using Lonix Modules, and system design and configuration utilizes the Lonix Project Creation Tool (PCT).
2 Air handling unit example
This chapter introduces the control diagram and the functional description of an air handling unit used in office buildings. We have selected quite complex and advanced example, in order to demonstrate a wide range of features. Please see other examples for more simple air handling units.
2.1 CONTROL DIAGRAM
Figure 1. Control diagram of an advanced air handling unit for office buildings The air handling unit includes a heat recovery unit, pre- and postheaters and a cooling unit for temperature and humidity control. Supply air fan TF1.1 and exhaust air fan PF1.1 are controlled with variable frequency drives SC10 and SC30. In addition, the system is equipped with several dampers, filters and a separate device TCZA1 for frost protection.
Example Application Air Handling Unit
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2.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The air handling unit affects to the temperature and humidity inside the building. In this case the control is based on several principles. The supply air temperature should be kept constant to allow the adjustment of temperature in each room with separate thermostats or dampers. The supply air humidity (ME10) must not exceed a certain level. Also the circulation of air should always be sufficient. The temperature control can be roughly divided in to two scenarios. When the outside temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the sequence of operation is as follows: first the cooling valve TV52 is closed after which the speed of the heat recovery wheel SC50 is increased. If the setpoint temperature is not achieved with the HRW, then additional heating is acquired by opening the preheating valve TV45 and after that the postheating valve TV46. When the outside temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, the HRW should be always on. If the cooling power of the heat recovery wheel is insufficient additional cooling is acquired by opening the cooling valve TV52. In case the HRU starts to frost, its rotation speed is decreased according to a pressure difference measurement PDIE50. The circulation of air is kept at an adequate level with the exhaust (PF1.1) and supply air (TF1.1) fans. Their run speeds are adjusted according to pressure measurements PE30 and PE10. When the supply air humidity exceeds a predefined level, it will be dried by adjusting the cooling coil valve TV52. When this happens, the supply air temperature is kept at the desired, constant level with the HRU and the pre- and postheaters. Whenever an alarm that is severe enough is triggered, the system will be shut down. All three variable frequency drives (SC10, SC30, SC50) are set to zero speed and the exhaust and intake air dampers are closed. A separate frost protection device will prevent the preheating coil from freezing by overriding the control signal of the heating valve TV45 if the temperature TE45 of the heating coil is too low. Pressure difference measurements PDIE01, PDIE02 and PDIE30 will cause an alarm in case a filter gets too dirty and the pressure difference gets too big.
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3 Solution with Lonix technologies
This chapter shows an example implementation using Lonix Modules and Lonix PCT. The following figures are screenshots produced from Lonix PCT.
Figure 2. Temperature control of the air handling unit When controlling the temperature several issues (stated in previous chapter) need to be considered. In the above picture the three uppermost PID controllers are for temperature control. It is implemented using cascade control: The first PID (Temp Constant Cascade) is responsible for supplying a correct set point that varies with outdoor temperature for the two constant controllers (Temp Constant Control Drying and Temp Constant Control). Only one of the constant controllers is permitted to control the process at any one time. The other one takes care of the temperature when the exhaust air humidity is below a certain threshold and no drying is needed, the other one functions when drying is needed. The second lowest PID object (SC50 High ON) forces the heat recovery wheel to rotate on full speed when the exhaust air temperature is higher than outdoor temperature. The lowest PID (SC50 Speed Reduction Control) is responsible for reducing the rotation speed of the heat recovery wheel when the pressure difference over it gets too high i.e. it starts to frost. A scheduler rotates the heat recovery wheel at certain intervals to make sure it stays clean even if it is not used for a longer period of time.
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The proper sequence for adjusting the HRU speed and preheating, postheating and cooling valve drives is obtained by configuring the operational ranges of the corresponding AO objects.
Figure 3. Exhaust and supply air fan speed control The exhaust and supply air fans are controlled according to two pressure measurements (PE10 and PE30) that should be kept constant. In addition, both fans should be either on or off at the same time. Also the two dampers FG01 and FG30 work in conjunction with the fans. The power for the variable frequency drives SC10 and SC30 is supplied through separate relays so they can be shut down completely when necessary. Both variable frequency drives are capable of supplying their current run status. These DI objects (SC10 Run Status, SC30 Run Status) make a comparison between the variable frequency drives actual and wanted states and cause an alarm if necessary.
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Figure 4. Alarms, stops and scheduling of the air handling unit The air handling unit runs according to a schedule. The same scheduler also controls the dampers FG111, FG112, FG131 and FG132 that regulate the air flow to different sections of the building. System shutdown is achieved by binding all the alarms to the same module. This main alarm module should have no other alarming points. A DO object (Alarm Stop) residing in that module is configured as Alarm Priority Control and whenever an alarm with a high enough priority is generated, the DO object shuts down the power (with relays SC10 OnOff, SC30 OnOff) from the variable frequency drives SC10 and SC30. The alarm is acknowledged with a separate push button.
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4 Required devices This chapter lists the required devices for the example implementation. Table 1. I/O objects I/O type DI DO AI AO PID TSM Switch Amount 9 7 18 11 8 2
As you can see in the above table, you will need six (6) units of Lonix Multimodules 2242P and one (1) Time Scheduler Module TSM. Table 2. Lonix Modules Module Type Lonix Multimodule 2242P Lonix Time Scheduler Module TSM Description 2 DI, 2 DO, 4 AI, 2 AO, 2 PID Time schedules Units 6 1
The following table lists the different sensors, transducers and actuators needed in the example implementation. Table 3. Sensors and actuators Device PDIE01, PDIE02 PDIE30, PDIE50 PE10, PE30 TE45 TE02, TE04, TE05, TE31 TE10+ME10, TE30+ME30 TE52, TE53 TCZA1 TV45, TV46 (2-way valve) TV52 (3-way valve) TF1/SC10, PF1/SC30 HRU/SC50 FG01, FG30 FG111,FG112, FG131, FG132 Details 0500 Pa 0500 Pa 0500 Pa -2080 C -20105 C -4085 0100 % C, -2080 C Model LX-PD-A-LCD LX-PD-A-LCD LX-PD-A-LCD e.g. TEPK Pt1000 LX-TE-D450 LX-RHTE-D-2 e.g. TEPK Pt1000 e.g. JVS 24 e.g. VUD065F300 + AVM234S F132 e.g. BUE065F300 + AVM234S F132 e.g. Mitsubishi E500 e.g. Mitsubishi E500 e.g. Belimo GM24A e.g. Belimo SM24A
Details of the suggested products are available at www.lonix.com.
