Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management

Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Analyzing the Relationship between Equipment Operation

Time toward the Queueing Problem of the Head Truck
During Loading and Unloading Activity in the Container
Yard
Fani Fafas Tafia and Sri Susilawati Islam
Industrial Engineering Study Program
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Sampoerna University
Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the archipelago countries that has around 62% water area. To maximize the utilization of this
condition, there are many freight and cargo shipping company that can be found in Indonesia. This paper is focusing
on the stevedoring activity in the container yard. During the observation, researcher found a problem that is during
the loading and unloading the container, the truck must wait in a long queue. It causes the stevedoring activity require
a longer time to be completed. The goal of this paper is to find out the relationship between the operation time of each
type of equipment in the container yard and the queueing problem of the head truck during loading and unloading
activity. The method used in this paper is multiple linear regression with the combination of some tools in quality
control. After one month collecting the data, the researcher come up with regression equation to understand the
relationship between the equipment operation time and the queueing problem.

Keywords
Stevedoring activity, multiple linear regression, control chart, productivity

1. Introduction
As one of the archipelago countries, Indonesia has a very wide sea. It was stated by the Indonesian Coordinating
Minister for Maritime Affairs that the area of inland waters and Indonesian archipelagic waters is 3,110,000 km2
(Komunikasi, 2018). This condition can support economic development in Indonesia. One of the ways is by optimizing
the performance of the seaport in Indonesia. One of the activities on the port is freight or cargo shipping which also
common to be known as container transportation. Since 1961, container transportation already became one of the
important transportation modes (Sha, et al., 2016). Many companies decide to distribute their product using cargo
shipping because the cost is lower compared to other transportation modes.

One of the activities in cargo shipping is loading and unloading the container. Usually, this activity is done by a
stevedoring company and it is located on the Container Yard (CY). A container yard system is a key facility
temporarily accommodating outbound, inbound, and transshipment containers with a set of container handling
equipment (Zhou, Lee, & Li, 2020). To support the loading and unloading process in a container yard there are several
tools involved in the system. There are Container Crane (CC), Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG), Head Truck/Trailer, and
others.

This research is done in PT X, one of the stevedoring companies in Indonesia. PT X uses four types of equipment to
support their stevedoring activity in the container yard. Those are Harbor Mobile Crane (HMC), Container Crane
(CC), Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG), and Head Truck (HT). During the observation stage, the researcher found that
there are several times, the Head Truck must wait in a long queue to do the loading and unloading activity of the
container. The queue can happen when the truck will be stacking the container to the vessel, receiving a container

IEOM Society International 1967

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

from the vessel, stacking a container to the container yard, or receiving a container from the container yard. This
research is done to find out the cause of the queueing problem of the head truck during the stevedoring activity in the
container yard.

Turnaround Time_Control Chart

80.00
Time (minute) 60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Cycle

Data UCL CL LCL

Figure 1: Turnaround Time Control Chart

From the chart, in figure 1 it can be known that the upper control limit (UCL) for this graph is 56.66 and the lower
control limit (LCL) is 0.81. The control chart in figure 1 shows that there is data that exceeds the upper control limit.
It means, there is a problem that happens in the field that makes the data time exceed the UCL. This is the reason why
this study is conducted, which is to find out the impact given by the performance time of the equipment in the container
yard toward the queueing line made by the Head Truck in the container yard during the stevedoring activity.

2. Literature Review
2.1 Container Port
Port as a node of the supply chain has an important role to support a shipment of goods from one point of economic
activity to another point (Wirjodirjo Et Al, 2020). There is three main activity in a container port which are
Stevedoring, Cargodoring, and Receiving/Delivery. Stevedoring is the activity of moving goods or containers from
the dock/truck onto and off ships to the duck/truck. Cargodoring is the activity of moving the container from the dock
to the storage yard. Receiving/delivery is the activity of receiving goods in a stacking field that soon the container will
be loaded to the ship or delivering the goods from the container that have been shipped to the shipper. To visualizing
the process, (Wirjodirjo Et Al, 2020) also give an illustration of the three main activity on a container port that can be
seen in figure 2

Since the port is the place where ships completing the load and unload activity, port traffic is increasingly crowded
with the number of boats coming to the load and unload process (Rahman, Sarno, & Efendi, 2018). To handle the
process and keep it to be always in control, the system must be created as effectively and efficiently as possible. Here,
all the parties involved such as the shipping company, the stevedoring company, the laborer, and others should work
together and have good coordination so that all the processes can run smoothly.

IEOM Society International 1968

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Figure 2: Container port activity (Wirjodirjo Et Al, 2020)

2.2 Stevedoring Company

Stevedoring company in the Indonesian language known as Perusahaan Bongkar Muat (PBM). It is a company in
charge of loading and unloading activity in the container port. Since stevedoring is the main activity in a container
port, the stevedoring company is playing an important role in the system. In Indonesia, because there are so many
companies related to this field, there is a law called Istruksi Presiden (Inpres) No. 3 Tahun 1991 about Kebijaksanaan
Kelancaran Arus Barang Untuk Menunjang Kegiatan Ekonomi. The stevedoring activity is mostly done near the
Container Yard.

A Container Yard consists of many storage blocks for stacking containers, and each block is surrounded by aisles for
a vehicle to travel and is equipped with yard cranes to perform the stacking and unstacking process (Zhou, Lee, & Li,
2020). There must be some equipment that has to be provided by a stevedoring company to do their jobs such as
Gantry Crane/ Quay Container Crane, Rubber Tyred Gantry, Head Truck, Straddle Carrier, Container forklift, and
others. Not all the equipment can be found in a stevedoring company. Mostly, they will adjust the type and the number
of equipment that they have following the needs of the company.

2.3 Time Study

Time study is an approach introduced by Frederick W. Taylor to understand the behavior of each instrument in the
process. By conducting a time study, the researcher will help to eliminate the wasted time and the bottlenecks
possibility that might occur in the process (Yazdi, Azizi, & Hashemipour, 2018). To conduct the time study, the
researcher needs some equipment such as stopwatch, recording system, video recorder, pen/pencil, calculator, and
paper. However, in some conditions, the need might be different. It happens to the researcher of this paper. Since the
time study here is conducted in a container yard to know the time needed by each equipment in completing their task,
the researcher needs simple equipment. So, to conduct the time study, the researcher decided to use the only stopwatch
in the handphone, pen, and notebook. Using time study is a good approach because it can help to analyze the root of
the problem that will be very useful in improving a system.

2.4 Quality Control

Quality control is the operational technique and activity that used to fulfill the requirement of quality (Quality, 2021).
Quality control is a good approach to do an improvement in a system. Improving quality is the key factor to business
success, enhanced competitiveness, and growth (Montgomery, 2013). Both in product and service, quality is an
important factor for a customer to decide. The quality of a product has eight dimensions which are performance,
reliability, durability, serviceability, aesthetics, features, perceived quality, and conformance to standards. For the
service, there are three dimensions which are responsiveness, professionalism, and attentiveness. Seven tools can be
used to measure the quality, which are:

IEOM Society International 1969

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

2.4.1 Cause and Effect (Fishbone diagram)

A Fishbone diagram is a tool that can help the researcher in discovering all the possible causes of a problem. No
statistic will be involved in this tool. By using this tool, the researcher can map out the problem, and the improvement
process becomes easier.

2.4.2 Histograms
A histogram is a bar chart that is used to graphically represent a group of data. To construct a histogram, the researcher
needs to know the sum, mean, max value, min value, and range of the data. Then, the researcher should calculate the
width of each column using the formula in equation 1.
𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊ℎ = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 / 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 (1)

2.4.3 Pareto Chart

Pareto chart is like a histogram, but this chart uses a percentage to show the importance of the data. In other words,
the bar will be plot based on the order of its quantity. That is why using a Pareto chart, the researcher will be able to
prioritize the problem, easier in analyzing the process, and identify the root causes. In the Pareto chart, there is a
principle called the 80/20 rule. It said that 20% of the cause result in 80% of the quality problem.

2.4.4 Flowchart
A flowchart is a graphical representation that shows all the steps of a process. This chart also able to help the researcher
in finding a possible problem or improvement.

2.4.5 Scatter Plots

Scatter Plot is a 2D x/y plot that shows the relationship between the independent variable (x) and dependent variable
(y).

2.4.6 Run Chart

A run chart is a chart used to analyze a process according to time. It helps the researcher tracking whether the
improvement has been sustained or not.

2.4.7 Control Chart

A control chart is a chart that can be used to track the output of a process and its conformance based on the company’s
standard. In the control chart, there are some elements, such as centerline (CL), upper control chart (UCL), and lower
control chart (LCL). Equation 2, 3, and 4 is the formula of each element.
𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 + 𝐿𝐿𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 (2)
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 (3)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 − 𝐿𝐿𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 (4)
Description:
𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 : Mean of x
𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 : Standard deviation of x
𝐿𝐿: Distance of the control limit to the centerline
The process can be said in control when no data exceed the control limit. It also means that the process is safe and
normal. If there is data that exceeds a control limit, it can be concluded that there is a problem that happens in the
process. This is what will be solved by the researcher.

2.5 Multiple Linear Regression

In this paper, the data analysis method that is going to be used is multiple linear regression. The equation model of
multiple linear regression is written in equation 5.
𝑦𝑦 = α + β1 𝑥𝑥1 + β2 𝑥𝑥2 + β3 𝑥𝑥3 + 𝜖𝜖 (5)
Each of the symbols will stand for:
𝑦𝑦 = Productivity of the stevedoring activity
α = Constant
𝑥𝑥1 = CC & HMC
𝑥𝑥2 = Head Truck
𝑥𝑥3 = RTG
β1 = Regression coefficient of the CC & HMC regression
β2 = Regression coefficient of the Head Truck regression

IEOM Society International 1970

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

β3 = Regression coefficient of the RTG regression

Multiple linear regression analysis is used to show the linear relationship between response or predictor (Ogutende Et
Al, 2018). To know that the regression fits the data, the researcher should consider the null hypothesis. H0 : The
regression model does not fit the data significantly. By that, the H1 : The regression model fits the data. The null
hypothesis will be rejected if the P-value is less than the level of significance. In this paper, the level of significance
is 0.05.

In order to achieve the goal of this paper, researcher decide to use the concept of quality control, and multiple linear
regression to figure out the relation between equipment operation time toward the queueing of the head truck. A brief
explanation about container port, stevedoring activity, and time motion study also included in the literature review to
help the reader understand the paper easily.

3. Method
Below is the visualization of the flow of study used in this research:

Start

Scope limitation

Observation Study Literature

Problem
Formulation

Data Collection

Primary Data Secondary Data

Data Processing

Statisical
Modelling
No No
No

Verified?

Yes

Validated?

Yes

Data Analysis

Conclusion and
Recommendation

End

Figure 3: Study Flowchart

Industrial Engineering has so many disciplines that can be used as a topic in a study or research. That is why, to make
the process of this study easier, the first step is determining the scope of the study. In this paper, the scope is related
to the queueing time. This study will be focusing on the cause of the queueing time of a Head Truck in performing the
stevedoring activity. In the observation stage, the activity is observing the process or system that is related to the topic

IEOM Society International 1971

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

of the study. In this paper, the observation stage is done in one of the stevedoring companies in Indonesia. Some
interviews and discussions will be done in this stage. It aims to find a clear description of the activity flow and some
potential problems that might lead to the focus of this study. After the observation is done, the next step is gathering
related information that can be used to help the author in understanding what must be done in the study.

The data collection stage was done in a specific range of time that has been proposed to the company. To achieve the
objective of this study, two types of data will be used here. Those are primary data and secondary data. Primary data
is any kind of information collected by the author for a specific purpose, while secondary data is data used by the
author, but it was collected by someone else. The primary data in this paper will consist of some interviews between
the author and the person in charge or related party of the study. The secondary data is about the raw data of the
productivity of Head Truck, the productivity of RTG, the productivity of HMC, the productivity of STS, container
yard layout, and Turnaround Time of the Head Truck. After the data needed is collected, the author proceed those data
using the tools that have been decided. In this paper, the author decided to use Ms. Excel and Minitab as the tool or
software to simulate the model.

4. Data Collection
4.1 Stevedoring Planning Concern
Every stevedoring activity is always done under the criteria of safety, effectiveness, and efficiency. Before a vessel
mooring in a quay, this vessel will be guided by the pilot boat and the tugboat. The pilot boat will give a suggestion
and information related to the condition of the port, the water condition, and the shipping lane so that the shipping
navigation can be done safely. The tugboat will play a role in push, pull, hold, escort, and assist the vessel in the
shipping lane. However, before doing the stevedoring activity, three concerns should be considered by PT X, which
are berth planning concern, yard planning concern, vessel planning.

4.1.1 Berth Planning Concern

In Figure 4 Kade Coordinate there is a Kade coordinate used by PT X in planning the berthing of the vessel. There are
some concerns and considerations to plan the vessel's berthing place. First, a vessel with a length overall (LOA) > 180
meters, equipped with a Ship Crane, the activity is only unloading, and having 20’ boxes to be unloaded near the Ship
Crane will be berthed in the south Kade (209/210) to anticipate the 20’ boxes can be unloaded by the HMC. Second,
a vessel with LOA < 120 meter, has loading and unloading activity, the total boxes are more than 200, and the range
of time between the berthing and departing +/- 8 hours will be berthed in the south Kade (209/210) with the
combination of CC and HMC to support the loading and unloading activity. Third, the clearance distance between the
vessels is 10% from the LOA and a minimum of 15 meters. If there are two vessel berths at the same time, the
maximum stern of the ship will be regulated in the KDM 760 to minimize the back reach of the PT X crane and other
cranes. Then, if there are three-vessel berthing at the same time, the earliest vessel that comes will be berthed in the
Kade 209 or 211.

Figure 4: Kade Coordinate

4.1.2 Yard Planning Concern

To stack the container, PT X has two yards which are Lini 1 (213) and Lini 2 (217/218). In the 213 fields, there are
six RTG, which are RTG01, RTG02, RTG05, RTG06, RTG07, and RTG08. In the 217/218 field, there are four types
of equipment which are RTG03, RTG04, RS TPK, and RTG TPK. In the yard planning (figure 5), all the boxes will
be maximized to be placed in the 213 fields based on the route. To optimize the utilization of the RTG owned by PT

IEOM Society International 1972

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

X, the unloading buffer stack will be provided in the 213 fields. To anticipate the clashing, the yard planner will
relocate the container to another block by considering the RTG support and the potential cargo that will stack.

Figure 5: PT X's Yard Map (Perencanaan Bongkar Muat PT X)

4.1.3 Vessel Planning Concern

Vessel planning concerns mostly will be related to document. First, checking the unloaded container and make sure
the ESY is already proposed except for the transshipment boxes, Dangerous Goods (DG) boxes, reefer empty boxes,
and Over Dimension (OVD) that needs a supporting device. Second, make sure the permission letter for the DG is
already sent to the shipping company. Third, print and distribute the discharge list and load list from the shipping
company. Fourth, prepare the manual Bayplan following the Bayplan of the vessel that being working on. Fifth, make
sure the realization of the tally sheet is matching with the discharge list or the load list of the vessel. Sixth, make sure
to record the up normal or damaged container in the EIR B/M. Last, create the Statement of Fact (SOF) following the
realization of the loading and unloading activity in the field.

4.2 Control Chart

To evaluate the problem, the researcher decides to take the operation time of each activity during the stevedoring
activity. The collected data is coming from the haulage, and the performance done by the CC, HMC, and RTG. Figure
6 is the control chart for the haulage done by the Head Truck. From the data gathered, it can be known that the UCL
for this chart is 27.06 and the LCL is -5.26. After the data plotted in the chart, no data exceeds the LCL. However,
three data exceed the UCL which are 40.1, 39.24, and 30.53. This data shows that there is a problem that happens
during the haulage that makes the time taken by the truck exceed the limit.

Haulage_Control Chart
60.00
Time (minute)

40.00
20.00
0.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
-20.00
Cycle

Data UCL CL LCL

Figure 6: Haulage Control Chart

IEOM Society International 1973

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Another data collected is the LOLO time needed by the RTG in moving the container from the head truck to the
container yard or vice versa. The control chart for the LOLO RTG in figure 7 is quite interesting. It is because there
is data that exceeds the LCL, which is 0.17, while the LCL for this chart is 0.32. It is good for the overall time needed
because it can make the process a bit faster. Unfortunately, even if there is data that indicates the process can be done
faster, there are also some data that exceed the UCL, which are 3.3, 3.39, and 3.5. The UCL for this data is 3.25.

Lift On Lift Off RTG_Control Chart

4
Time (minute)

3
2
1
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Lifting Activity

Data UCL CL LCL

Figure 7: Lift On Lift Off RTG Control Chart

The other data collected is the time to lift on and lift off by the Container Crane. In the control chart in figure 8, there
is one data that exceeds the upper control limit (UCL). The value of the UCL is 6.34 and the value of LCL is -1.26.
Whereas the value of the exceeded data is 10.17.

Lift On Lift Off CC&HMC_Control Chart

15
Time (minute)

10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-5

Lifting Activity
Data UCL CL LCL

Figure 8: Lift On Lift Off CC&HMC Control Chart

5. Results and Discussion

5.1 Fishbone Diagram
After plotting the data using the control chart, figure 9 is the fishbone diagram to help the researcher in mapping the
cause of the problem.

IEOM Society International 1974

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Figure 9: Fishbone diagram

On the fishbone diagram in figure 9, it can be seen there are four sources of the problem that can cause a queue for
the Head Truck, which is classified into 4 out of 6 M in the fishbone diagram. First, from mother nature or the
environment, there is a traffic jam and there is another truck from another company that disturbs the flow of the Head
Truck. Second, from the method, there is a container from the prioritized route that will affect the time needed by the
operator to become longer. Third, in the manpower category, the skill of the operator also has an important role in
causing the queue of the Head Truck. Fourth, from the machine side, periodic maintenance also gives an impact on
the performance of the equipment. Looking at the cause of the problem, it is divided into two, which are the cause that
coming from the internal and the external. For the external factor, such as the traffic jam, it is difficult to be controlled.
However, we can control the internal factor, such as the operator skill, maintenance, and container placement. As time
goes by, the operator skill will be improved. The company can help to make this improvement process become faster
by conducting a training program for the operator. For the maintenance, the planner of the operation needs to have a
good plan so that everything in the field is synchronized and there would be no problem. For the container placement,
the company can discuss with another port to plan the container placed in the ship, so that the unloading activity in
PT X becomes faster.

5.2 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

To know the relationship of the independent variable with the dependent variable, regression analysis is one of the
methods that can be used. Equation 6 is the result after doing a multiple linear regression analysis using the Minitab:

Regression Equation
𝑌𝑌 = 1992 + 0.314 𝑥𝑥1 − 1.007 𝑥𝑥2 − 0.127 𝑥𝑥3 (6)
From the regression equation in equation 6, it can be known that from the three independent variables, only one
variable has a positive relationship, which is 𝑥𝑥1 . It means that every 1% improvement of 𝑥𝑥1 , the value of 𝑦𝑦 will be
increase as much as the number of the coefficient of the 𝑥𝑥1 , which is 0.314 with the assumption the value of the other
variable is constant. For a variable that has a negative relationship, 𝑥𝑥2 and 𝑥𝑥3 , every 1% increase of 𝑥𝑥2 will decrease
the value of the productivity around 1.007. For 𝑥𝑥3 , every 1% increase of this variable, will decrease the productivity
until 0.127.

Model Summary
Table 1: Model Summary Table

S R-sq R- R-
sq(adj) sq(pred)
893.736 16.15% 6.09% 0.00%

In the model summary in table 1, the number shows the correlation or the variable and the regression model. In this
paper, the result is not so good because the number of correlation coefficients (R) is small, only 16%. It means the
correlation between the time needed by CC, HMC, RTG, and Head Truck with the productivity of the stevedoring

IEOM Society International 1975

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

activity is weak. It can be seen the percentage of the determination coefficient only 6.09%. It means that it is only
6.09% of the stevedoring productivity can be seen from the operation time of the stevedoring equipment. The rest
93.91% variable is outside this research.

Analysis of Variance
Table 2: ANOVA Table

Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F- P-

Value Value

Regression 3 3845604 1281868 1.60 0.213

X1 1 1128301 1128301 1.41 0.246
X2 1 3487667 3487667 4.37 0.047
X3 1 40088 40088 0.05 0.825
Error 25 19969119 798765
Total 28 23814723

The ANOVA table (table 2) gives the information that in the Regression part, the P-Value is equal to 0.213 which is
higher than the point of significance that is 0.05. It means the null hypothesis fails to be rejected. Then, among the
three variables, the only variable that has P-value less than 0.05 is 𝑥𝑥2 . It means, 𝑥𝑥2 has a significant impact on the
productivity of the stevedoring activity.

Figure 10: Pareto Chart od the Observation

The Pareto Chart in figure 10 shown that the variable that has the highest standardized effect is variable 𝑥𝑥2 or the Head
Truck. So, it can be said that Head Truck will give a significant impact on productivity.

IEOM Society International 1976

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Figure 11: Residual Plot for the Observation Data

In the Residual Plot result (figure 11), the data used for the regression model can be evaluated. The graph for the
Normal Probability Plot shows that the data is normally distributed because most of the data is plotted near the diagonal
line. It means that this regression model is good. Then, the versus fit shows that there is no heteroskedasticity or the
error in the data used. There is no specific pattern in the graph. So, it indicates that the data is good. The histogram
also shows that the data has a normal distribution with a bit skewed to the left. Last, the Versus Order plot shows there
is no specific pattern created. It means that the data used is residual independent.

6. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis and findings, below is the conclusion that can be derived from this paper:
1. From the control chart constructed from the data of TRT, Haulage, LOLO RTG, and LOLO CC, it can be said
that some data exceed the upper control limit (UCL). Since the data used is the time needed by the equipment to
complete the task, when there is data that exceeds the UCL, it means the related equipment needs a longer time
to do the activity. Exceeding a control limit can also be concluded that there is a problem that happens during the
operations.
2. The fishbone diagram shows that there are two types of causes which are internal and external. The internal cause
is from the operator skill, maintenance, and container placement. The external cause is the traffic jam.
3. The linear regression equation said that the CC & HMC has a positive significant influence on productivity. From
the equation, it can be concluded that every increase of the CC & HMC will contribute to productivity by 0.314.
4. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table shows that the variable that has the most significant impact in the
model is the Head Truck because the P-value of this variable is less than 0.05.
5. Based on the value in the model summary, the model used in this paper is not the best one. It is because the
correlation between the operation time spent by the equipment with the productivity is only 16%. The
determination coefficient also only 6.09%, which means that there are 93.91% of factors of productivity have not
covered in this paper yet. By that, it can be concluded that the equipment operation time only contributes around
6.09% to the queueing problem that happens in the container yard.

IEOM Society International 1977

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

Recommendation
For future research recommendations, the researcher of this paper highly suggests that the researcher can spend a long
time during the observation time and data collection stage than this paper. This is very important because it will
significantly impact the result of the experiment. Another recommendation is it will be better to find a reference from
a different paper so that the resource to construct the paper is diverse. Also, it is highly recommended to try and test
the model of the experiment repeatedly and using different tools to ensure the accuracy of the result.

References
ASQ, A. S. (2021, April 7). About Flowchart. Diambil kembali dari LEARN ABOUT QUALITY:
https://asq.org/quality-resources/flowchart
Ananda et al. (2015). Implant Analysis on the Lumbar-Sacrum Vertebrae Using Finite Element Method. 10.1007/978-
981-10-0812-2.
Komunikasi, B. (2018, Agustus 10). Menko Maritim Luncurkan Data Rujukan Wilayah Kelautan Indonesia. Diambil
kembali dari KEMENTRIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG KEMARITIMAN DAN INVESTASI:
https://maritim.go.id/menko-maritim-luncurkan-data-rujukan-wilayah-kelautan-indonesia/
Mardiko, I. A., & Sulistyowati. (2020). Optimasi Kapasitas Armada Dengan Menggunakan Metode Linear
Programming. INTEGER: Journal of Information Technology, 49-55.
Marsudi, M., & Arifin, J. (2019). KAJIAN OPERASIONAL TERMINAL PETI KEMAS PELABUHAN LAUT
MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ARENA. Prosiding Hasil-Hasil Penelitian tahun 2019 Dosen-Dosen
Universitas Islam Kalimantan, 463-469.
Montgomery, D. C. (2013). The Meaning of Quality and Quality Improvement. United States of America: John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
Nahmias, S., & Olsen, T. L. (2015). Forecasting. Dalam S. Nahmias, & T. L. Olsen, Production and Operation
Analysis (hal. 56). Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.
Oguntende, P. E., Okagblue, H. I., Oguntende, O. A., Opanuga, A. A., & Oluwatunde, S. J. (2018). Analysis of the
inter-relationship between students' first year results and their final graduating grades. International Journal of
Advanced and Applied Sciences, 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.10.001
Quality, A. S. (2021, April 7). Quality Assurance & Quality Control. Diambil kembali dari LEARN ABOUT
QUALITY: https://asq.org/quality-resources/quality-assurance-vs-control
Rahman, A. T., Sarno, R., & Efendi, Y. A. (2018). Goal Programming to Optimize Time and Cost for each Activity
in Port Container Handling. International Conference on Information and Communications Technology
(ICOIACT), 866-871.
Sha, M., Zhang, T., Lan, Y., Zhou, X., Qin, T., Yu, D., & Chen, K. (2016). Scheduling Optimization of Yard Cranes
with Minimal Energy Consumption at Container Terminal. Computer & Industrial Engineering, 1-26.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.03.022
Simwell. (2020, November 22). Why choose Arena. Diambil kembali dari SIMWELL CONSULTING &
TECHNOLOGIES INC.: https://www.simwell.ca/en/arena-simulation/products/
Sundari, A. S., Surjandari, I., & Rachman, A. (2017). OPTIMISASI BIAYA OPERASI PENGALOKASIAN TRUK-
SEWA ANGKUTAN OLAHAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT. Jurnal Sistem Industri, 11, 59-68.
Trust, E. L. (2021, April 7). Run Chart. Diambil kembali dari Quality Improvement: https://qi.elft.nhs.uk/resource/run-
charts/
Wirjodirjo, B., Budianto, A. G., Pujawan, I. N., & Maflahah, I. (2020). Container Yard Planning Layout Model
Considering Demand and Lost Sale Container. Association for Computing Machinery, 314-318.
doi:10.1145/3396743.3396753
Yazdi, P. G., Azizi, A., & Hashemipour, M. (2018). An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Overall
Equipment Efficiency (OEE) and Manufacturing Sustainability in Industry 4.0 with Time Study Approach.
Sustainability, 1-28. doi:10.3390/su10093031
Zhou, C., Lee, B. K., & Li, H. (2020). Integrated optimization on yard crane scheduling and vehicle positioning at
container yards. Transportation Research Part E, 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2020.101966

Biography
Fani Fafas Tafia graduated from the Industrial Engineering double degree program under Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, Sampoerna University in collaboration with the University of Arizona. She is a member of IEOM student

IEOM Society International 1978

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022

chapter Sampoerna University. Her research interests include supply chain management, logistic, quality control, and
manufacturing process.

Sri Susilawati Islam is Lecturer of the Industrial Engineering Study Program at Sampoerna University, South Jakarta.
She earned her Magister in Industrial engineering and Management from Bandung Institute of Technology. She has
published journal and conference papers and her research interests include Supply Chain Management, Logistics,
Material Handling, Reliability, and Manufacturing Process. She is a member of Indonesian Supply Chain & Logistics
Institute, and The Institution of Engineers Indonesia.

IEOM Society International 1979