Eim CBLM

Competency Based Learning
Materials
Sector: ELECTRICAL @ ELECTRONICS SECTOR

Qualification Title: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND
MAINTENANCE NCII
Unit of Competency: Install Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning
Protection, And Grounding Systems
Module Title: Installing Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning
Protection, And Grounding Systems
ST. PETER’S COLLEGE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL,

INCORPORATED
15th de Septiembre St., Brgy. 2, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental
Telephone #: 333-2072/ 333-2563
Telefax #: 088-333-2072
Email: [email protected]
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING

MATERIALS
Welcome to the module “Installing Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning Protection, and
Grounding Systems.” This module contains training materials and
activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency Install Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning Protection, and
Grounding Systems contains knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for
Electrical Installation and Maintenance NCII
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome,
there are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Task sheets and Job Sheets.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to
ask your facilitator for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminologies. For the most
part, you'll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph .
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency,
in “Installing Electrical Protective Devices for Distribution, Power,
Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning Protection and Grounding Systems.”
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
Your trainer is there to support you and show you the correct way to
do things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
in your respective laboratory. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular training schedule. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.
Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

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Install Lighting Fixture Mr. George R. Gultimo,
and Auxiliary Outlet LPT Revision # 00
 Use the Self-checks, Job Sheets at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Achievement Chart.
 You need to complete this module before you can move on to the next
module
Electrical Installation and Maintenance NCII

List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Perform roughing-in Performing roughing-in
activities, wiring and activities, wiring and
cabling works for cabling works for
single-phase single-phase ELC741301
1.
distribution, power, distribution, power,
lighting and auxiliary lighting and auxiliary
systems systems
Install electrical Installing electrical
protective devices protective devices for
for distribution, distribution, power,
power, lighting, lighting, auxiliary, ELC741302
2.
auxiliary, lightning lightning protection
protection and and grounding
grounding systems systems
Install wiring devices Installing wiring devices
of floor and wall of floor and wall
mounted outlets, mounted outlets, ELC741303
3. lighting lighting
fixtures/switches, and fixtures/switches, and
auxiliary outlets auxiliary outlets
MODULE CONTENT

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY: INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES
FOR DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING,
AUXILIARY, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND
GROUNDING SYSTEMS
MODULE TITLE: INSTALLING ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE
DEVICES FOR DISTRIBUTION, POWER,
LIGHTING, AUXILIARY, LIGHTNING
PROTECTION AND GROUNDING SYSTEMS
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on planning
and preparing work, installing electrical protective devices, lightning fixture
and auxiliary outlet and notifying completion of work for distribution, power,
lighting, auxiliary, lightning protection and grounding systems.
NOMINAL DURATION: 44 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:
1 Plan and Prepare work
2 Install Electrical protective devices
3 Install lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet
4 Notify completion of work
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Instructions for the preparation of the work activity are communicated
and confirmed to ensure clear understanding.
2. Tools, equipment and PPE needed to install lighting system are identified,
checked to ensure they work correctly as intended and are safe to use in
accordance with established procedures.
3. Materials needed for work are obtained in accordance with established
procedures.
4. Electrical protection system is installed according to the latest edition of
Philippine Electrical Code and National Electrical Code.

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5. Electrical protection system is installed according to the job
requirements.
6. Tools/equipment and materials needed for the installation are prepared
in line with job requirements.
7. Safety procedures in installing electrical protection systems are strictly
observed according to OHS guidelines and procedures.
8. Lighting fixtures are installed according to the latest edition of the
9. Lighting fixtures are installed according to the job requirements.
11. Safety procedures in installing lighting fixtures are strictly observed
according to OHS guidelines and procedures.
12. Correct procedures for installation of lighting fixtures/switches
Are performed in line with job requirements.
13. Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an
agreed time, to a quality standard with a minimum waste.
14. Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned
events or conditions occur.
15. On-going checks and other qualities of work are undertaken in
accordance
with instructions and requirements.
16. Final checks are made to ensure that work conforms to the
instructions and to requirements.
17. Supervisor is notified upon completion of work.
18. Tools, equipment and any surplus resources and materials are,
where appropriate, cleaned, checked, and returned to storage in
accordance with established procedures

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 2
Install Electrical Protective Devices
CONTENTS:
1. PEC provisions on electrical protection system
2. Procedures in installing electrical protection system
3. Safety procedures in installing electrical protection system
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Electrical protection system is installed according to the latest edition of
2. Electrical protection system is installed according to the job
requirements.
4. Safety procedures in installing electrical protection system are strictly
observed according OHS guidelines and procedures.
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Materials  Learning Materials
o High/low voltage switch o Learning elements
gear o Drawing plan/sketch
o Earth leakage circuit o Diagrams
breaker
o Grounding equipment
METHODOLOGIES:
1. Demonstration
2. Discussion
3. Practical Exercises
4. Laboratory Exercises
5. Audio/Visual Film Showing
ASSESSMENT METHODS:

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1. Demonstration
2. Direct Observation and Questioning
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Operate electrical equipment
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 on PEC Read and understand the
Provision on Electrical Protection information sheet and check
System yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.2-1 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer-to-answer key of Self
Check 1.1-1, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 2.2-2.
Read Information Sheet 2.2-2 on Read and understand the
Procedures in Installing Electrical information sheet and check
Protection System yourself by answering the Self-
Check 2.2-2, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 2.2-3, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.2-2.
Perform Task Sheet 2.2-2A/2B/2C Task Sheet will help you practice
your skill.
The Performance Criteria Checklist
will guide and help you evaluate
your work as you are practicing your
skill.
Evaluate your work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are

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ready, present your work to your
trainer for final evaluation and
recording.
If you have questions about the use
of the matrix, please ask your
trainer.
After doing all activities of this LO,
you are ready to proceed to the next
LO of this Competency.
Read Information Sheet 2.2-3 on Read and understand the
Safety Procedures in Installing information sheet and check
Electrical Protection System yourself by answering the Self-
Check 2.2-3.
Information Sheet 2.2-1

PEC PROVISION ON ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Understand and appreciate the importance of power protection
system, and its components, and
2. Identify the types of electrical protection
What is a power protection system?

A system
faults by isolating the faulty part
from the rest of the system, so
power is not disconnected from
healthy parts and this increases
system reliability and efficiency.

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The devices used to implement the protection scheme are called
protection devices. The devices used to implement the protection scheme is
called protection devices and we will mention them and what is the role each
one does as follow.
Components of protection system

Current and Voltage Transformers: to get measurements of current
and voltage for the protective devices to be able to operate in proper way.
The selection of CT & VT should consider step down ratio and maximum
current to prevent core saturation not to get false readings.
Circuit Breakers: are the most powerful devices in the system as they
are responsible for closing/ opening the system based on relays command
which will be discussed in the next few lines.
Protective Relays: are the brain of a protective system, they use the
measurements from CT and VT to check whether the system is working
properly or there is some kind of fault. In case of faults the relay sends a trip
signal to one or many circuit breakers to disconnect the faulty part from the
rest of the system. There are many types of protective relays as follows:
1. Mechanical Relays: it contains electrical, mechanical and

magnetic. It’s used for AC and DC systems and according to the current
flowing in its coil, a magnetic force is produced causing the relay to send a
trip signal after a specific time.
2. Solid State Relays: it replaces the mechanical parts by electronics

devices such as diodes and thyristors. These relays have some advantages
over mechanical ones considering the speed and no need to be calibrated
periodically.

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Figure.1 Solid State Relay | image: elprocus.com
3. Hybrid Relays: a composition of mechanical and solid-state relay

to get the advantages of both of them.
4. Digital Protection Relays: these relays implement a

microprocessor unit that can be programmed to detect many faults and give
priority to the most dangerous faults. This relay is famous for its speed and
reliability. One of the strengths about digital relays is the ability to have
history for the power system by recording the faults and storing them into
memory or send them over communication bus to the control station.
Batteries: they are very important in any protection system as they

are the backup supply for protective devices so as to be able to operate even
in case of power loss.
Communication channels: connectivity between power system and

protective devices is so important to make the whole system visible to each
other. And to make the proper decision based on the status of systems’
devices.

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Figure.2 Computer Based Relay | image: pacw.org
After having an overview about the components of protection which

can be implemented to protect the system from many faults, now we
mention the most severe faults which can occur in any electrical system.
 Types of electrical protection

 Overcurrent protection
 Over and under voltage protection (under voltage is specially for motors)
 Earth fault protection against leakage current.
 Over and under frequency protection.
Distance protection (for transmission lines).

So as the protection system implements many protective devices, we
need to have a look and study on something very important which called
coordination. As without the coordination study, our system will be useless.
Protection coordination
It’s the process of determining the best timing and which device to
operate to prevent large sections of the system to be out of service. In the
past the coordination was done by log –log papers by drawing the current –
time curves one above the other to be able to determine which one is going
to trip first and so on.
The best practice is to divide the system in many protective zones
(transmission lines, generators, substations and etc…). Each zone should be
overlap with the neighboring one so the system is fully covered and
protected by the protection system.
Finally, the governing point is the performance measures. In other
words, how correctly the system will work when it’s supposed to operate,
which is called the reliability and dependability.
Also the cost versus performance is an important factor. So, when
designing a protection system, we need to have firstly an overview about the

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system and then go deeply into each system element to make the best choice
and practice of protection system.
Self- Check 2.2-1
Multiple choice:
Instruction: Underline only the letter corresponding to the best
answer.
1. ________________ is a system which is responsible for protecting electrical

systems.
A. neutral wire B. negative wire
C. hot wire D. Power protection system
2. _______________ are the most powerful devices in the system.
A. Toner B. Circuit Breakers C. Wire Gauge D. Switches
3. Circuit Breakers are the most powerful devices in the system as they are
responsible for closing/ opening the system
A. Excreting B. Ending C. closing/ opening the system D.
Joining
4. So when designing a protection system, we need to have firstly an
overview about the ____________________________.
A. Nuisance Tripping
B. System processes
C. Break Trip

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D. system and then go deeply into each system
5. ___________ is a composition of mechanical and solid-state relay to get the

advantages of both of them.
A. Burns or Other Injuries B. Hybrid Relays C. Relaying D.
Switching
ANSWER KEY 2.2-1
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B

Procedures in installing electrical protection system
1. Understand and appreciate the electrical safety switch installation,
2. Identify the types of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and its
advantages and disadvantages,
3. Know the protection system of conventional lightning, and
4. Understand the grounding system and its characteristics of an
effective grounding system
Electrical Safety Switch

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What is an Electrical Safety Switch?
A safety switch is an enclosed switch that is installed in residential
and commercial buildings as a means for disconnecting a service entrance.
It also serves as a barrier against electrical faults and overload.
It acts as a shield between the operating personnel and live wires and other
dangerous equipment. The enclosed equipment is also protected from
environmental damage.
How do safety switches work?

The current flowing to an
appliance, on a normal power circuit,
returns through the neutral wire. If
the circuit is compromised, the
electricity leak to earth through a
person in contact with the appliance,
causing death or serious injury.
A safety switch detects the loss of power from the circuit and cuts the
supply of electricity in as little as 30 milliseconds – 0.003 seconds.
Importantly, this response time is faster than the critical section of a
heartbeat, and therefore significantly reduces the risk of death or serious
injury.
Electrical Safety Switch Installation

Safety switch installation have been compulsory on the power outlet
circuits of new homes since the early 1990s, and on the light and power
circuits of new homes in most states since 2000. Safety Switches provide a
higher level of protection against electrocution or electric shock and have a
proven track record of saving lives.
We recommend installing safety switches on all the circuits in your
home to fully protect your family from electrical accidents. Sharpe Group
can also assist with lighting around your home and light switches.
Your local electrical specialists
Your local electricians – for all electrical installations, repairs, safety
inspections & energy audits.
With a mobile workforce in excess of 30 fully licensed local
electricians, and technicians working from their fully equipped. A safety
switch, also known as a residual current device (RCD) is an electrical device

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that can detect electrical currents flowing through the body. They activate
within 30 milliseconds – quicker than a
human heart-beat.
Importance of Installing Safety

Switches on All Circuits
Safety switches are often confused
with circuit breakers because of their
similar roles.
A safety switch monitors electrical flow through circuitry and triggers
when it detects a leakage. Safety switches are the best way to protect
yourself and your family from any electrical hazards. The main goal of this
device is to prevent electrocution or general human injury.
Meanwhile, circuit breakers are triggered when there's a surge of
power that might lead to an overload. An apt example would be lightning
striking your home or place of business - breakers and fuses will be in
action to protect all the equipment and technology in your home.
The risk is real, one safety switch may not be enough. Although safety
switches have been compulsory in Queensland homes since 1992, the
Queensland Government is urging all Queenslanders to install safety
switches on all circuits.
In a lot of Queensland homes, safety switches are only fitted to the
power circuit. Due to the confusion between safety switches and circuit
breakers, it means many homes do not have the appropriate level of safety -
many Queenslanders have no protection for their family on other sub-
circuits such as lights, pool, air-conditioning, stove or hot water system.
Importance of Safety Switches

With this mind, all electrical panels should have both safety switches
and circuit breakers. Safety switches are previously less common but are
now even more important - circuit-breakers are effective in protecting
equipment, but only safety switches will save lives. They should be installed
on all circuits as an extra line of defense.

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Circuits can include hot water system, air conditioning, pools, solar
power system and ovens. Anything that uses electricity can cause electrical
burns or other injuries, even something as unlikely as animals or children
chewing on electrical cords.
Anything related to electrical matter such as Safety Switches should
be attended by an Accredited Master Electrician. In saying that, you could
safely detect faulty appliances through safety switches.
A "nuisance tripping” happens when a safety switch constantly turns
off, even when there doesn't seem to be any reason for it. Usually, this is
due to a faulty electrical appliance or a manufacturing defect of your
equipment. Some of these defects have the potential to injure – or even kill –
someone.
You can easily test the safety switches by yourself. All models should
have a “test” button for ease of use. At the switchboard, press the "T" or
"Test" button located on the safety switch:
If it flicks off and cuts the power, it is working. Check to see which
lights or appliances are now off - these are protected by the safety
switch.
If it has not cut the power to the connected circuit then you are no
longer protected and you should talk to your licensed electrician as
soon as you can.
Every home and building should have safety switches installed on all
circuits because of its indispensability. Plus, many are inexpensive - it's an
important investment for your peace of mind and most importantly, it could
save a life one day.
Procedures on how to install safety switch

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1. Turn off the power to the switch at the main circuit
breaker or fuse panel.
2. Unscrew and remove the switch plate; then use a
voltage tester to make sure that the circuit is dead.
3. Unscrew the switch from the electrical box and pull it
out with the wires still attached.
4. Compare your new switch with the one you’re
replacing to find the corresponding locations for the
electrical screw connectors.
5. Attach the first wire you unscrew to the same-colored
screw on the new switch as it was on the on the old; do
the same with the second.
6. Gently push the new, wired switch back into the
electrical box and screw it in place.
1. Screw on the switch plate and turn on the power.
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) is a device used to directly
detect currents leaking to earth from an installation and cut the power and
mainly used in TT earthing systems.
Working Principle of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and
Residual Current Device (RCD)
There are two types of ELCBs:

1. Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
(voltage-ELCB)
A Voltage-ELCBs were first introduced

about sixty years ago and Current-ELCB was
first introduced about forty years ago. For many years, the voltage operated
ELCB and the differential current operated ELCB were both referred to as
ELCBs because it was a simpler name to remember. But the use of a
common name for two different devices gave rise to considerable confusion
in the electrical industry.

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If the wrong type was used on an installation, the level of protection
given could be substantially less than that intended.
To ignore this confusion, IEC decided to apply the term Residual
Current Device (RCD) to differential current operated ELCBs. Residual
current refers to any current over and above the load current.
Voltage Base ELCB

Voltage-ELCB is a voltage operated circuit breaker. The device will
function when the Current passes through the ELCB. Voltage-ELCB
contains relay Coil which it being connected to the metallic load body at one
end and it is connected to ground wire at the other end.
If the voltage of the Equipment body is rise (by touching phase to

metal part or failure of insulation of equipment) which could cause the
difference between earth and load body voltage, the danger of electric shock
will occur. This voltage difference will produce an electric current from the
load metallic body passes the relay loop and to earth. When voltage on the
equipment metallic body rose to the danger level which exceed to 50Volt, the
flowing current through relay loop could move the relay contact by
disconnecting the supply current to avoid from any danger electric shock.
The ELCB detects fault currents from live to the earth (ground) wire
within the installation it protects. If sufficient voltage appears across the
ELCB’s sense coil, it will switch off the power, and remain off until manually
reset. A voltage-sensing ELCB does not sense fault currents from live to any
other earthed body.

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These ELCBs monitored the voltage on the earth wire, and
disconnected the supply if the earth wire voltage was over 50 volts.
These devices are no longer used due to its drawbacks like if the fault
is between live and a circuit earth, they will disconnect the supply. However,
if the fault is between live and some other earth (such as a person or a metal
water pipe), they will NOT disconnect, as the voltage on the circuit earth will
not change. Even if the fault is between live and a circuit earth, parallel
earth paths created via gas or water pipes can result in the ELCB being
bypassed. Most of the fault current will flow via the gas or water pipes, since
a single earth stake will inevitably have a much higher impedance than
hundreds of meters of metal service pipes buried in the ground.
The way to identify an ELCB is by looking for green or green and
yellow earth wires entering the device. They rely on voltage returning to the
trip via the earth wire during a fault and afford only limited protection to the
installation and no personal protection at all. You should use plug in 30mA
RCDs for any appliances and extension leads that may be used outside as a
minimum.
Advantages
 ELCBs have one advantage over RCDs: they are less sensitive to
fault conditions, and therefore have fewer nuisance trips.
.
 While voltage and current on the earth line is usually fault
current from a live wire, this is not always the case, thus there
are situations in which an ELCB can nuisance trip.
.
 When an installation has two connections to earth, a nearby
high current lightning strike will cause a voltage gradient in the
soil, presenting the ELCB sense coil with enough voltage to
cause it to trip.
.
 If the installation’s earth rod is placed close to the earth rod of a
neighboring building, a high earth leakage current in the other
building can raise the local ground potential and cause a
voltage difference across the two earths, again tripping the
ELCB.
.

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 If there is an accumulated or burden of currents caused by
items with lowered insulation resistance due to older
equipment, or with heating elements, or rain conditions can
cause the insulation resistance to lower due to moisture
tracking. If there is some mA which is equal to ELCB rating
than ELCB may give nuisance Tripping.
.
 If either of the earth wires become disconnected from the ELCB,
it will no longer trip or the installation will often no longer be
properly earthed.
.
 Some ELCBs do not respond to rectified fault current. This
issue is common for ELCBs and RCDs, but ELCBs are on
average much older than RCB so an old ELCB is more likely to
have some uncommon fault current waveform that it will not
respond to.
.
 Voltage-operated ELCB are the requirement for a second
connection, and the possibility that any additional connection to
earth on the protected system can disable the detector.
.
 Nuisance tripping especially during thunderstorms.
Disadvantages
 They do not detect faults that don’t pass current through the
CPC to the earth rod.
 They do not allow a single building system to be easily split into
multiple sections with independent fault protection, because
earthing systems are usually use common earth Rod.
 They may be tripped by external voltages from something
connected to the earthing system such as metal pipes, a TN-S
earth or a TN-C-S combined neutral and earth.
 As electrically leaky appliances such as some water heaters,
washing machines and cookers may cause the ELCB to trip.
 ELCBs introduce additional resistance and an additional point
of failure into the earthing system.
Can we assume whether Our Electrical System is protected against

Earth Protection or not by only Pressing ELCB Test Switch?

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Checking the health of the ELCB is simple and you can do it easily by
pressing TEST Push Button Switch of ELCB. The test push-button will test
whether the ELCB unit is working properly or not. Can we assume that If
ELCB is Trip after Pressing TEST Switch of ELCB than your system is
protected against earth protection? Then you are wrong.
The test facility provided on the home ELCB will only confirm the
health of the ELCB unit, but that test does not confirm that the ELCB will
trip when an electric shock hazard does occur. It is a really sad fact that all
the while this misunderstanding has left many homes totally unprotected
from the risk of electric shocks.
This brings us or alarming us to think over second basic requirement

for earth protection. The second requirement for the proper operation of a
home shock protection system is electrical grounding.
We can assume that the ELCB is the brain for the shock protection,
and the grounding as the backbone. Therefore, without a functional
grounding (Proper Earthing of Electrical System) there is totally no
protection against electrical shocks in your house even if you have installed
ELCB and its TEST switch show proper result. Looking after the ELCB alone
is not enough. The electrical Earthing system must also be in good working
order for the shock protection system to work. In addition to routine
inspections that should be done by the qualified electrician, this grounding
should preferably be inspected regularly at shorter intervals by the
homeowner and need to pour water in Earthing Pit at Regular interval of
Time to minimize Earth Resistance.
2. Current Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker or Current-operated ELCB
Current-operated ELCBs are generally

known as Residual-current devices (RCD).
These also protect against earth leakage.
Both circuit conductors (supply and return)
are run through a sensing coil; any
imbalance of the currents means the
magnetic field does not perfectly cancel. The
device detects the imbalance and trips the
contact.
.

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When the term ELCB is used it usually means a voltage-operated
device. Similar devices that are current operated are called residual-current
devices. However, some companies use the term ELCB to distinguish high
sensitivity current operated 3 phase devices that trip in the milliamp range
from traditional 3 phase ground fault devices that operate at much higher
currents.
Typical RCB circuit:
The supply coil, the neutral coil and the search coil all wound on a
common transformer core.
.
On a healthy circuit the same current passes through the phase coil,
the load and return back through the neutral coil. Both the phase and the
neutral coils are wound in such a way that they will produce an opposing
magnetic flux. With the same current passing through both coils, their
magnetic effect will cancel out under a healthy circuit condition.
.
In a situation when there is fault or a leakage to earth in the load

circuit, or anywhere between the load circuit and the output connection of

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the RCB circuit, the current returning through the neutral coil has been
reduced. Then the magnetic flux inside the transformer core is not balanced
anymore. The total sum of the opposing magnetic flux is no longer zero. This
net remaining flux is what we call a residual flux.
.
The periodically changing residual flux inside the transformer core

crosses path with the winding of the search coil. This action produces an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) across the search coil. An electromotive force is
actually an alternating voltage. The induced voltage across the search coil
produces a current inside the wiring of the trip circuit. It is this current that
operates the trip coil of the circuit breaker. Since the trip current is driven
by the residual magnetic flux (the resulting flux, the net effect between both
fluxes) between the phase and the neutral coils, it is called the residual
current devise.
With a circuit breaker incorporated as part of the circuit, the

assembled system is called residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) or
residual current devise (RCD). The incoming current has to pass through
the circuit breaker first before going to the phase coil. The return neutral
path passes through the second circuit breaker pole. During tripping when a
fault is detected, both the phase and neutral connection is isolated.
.
o RCD sensitivity is expressed as the rated residual operating

current, noted IΔn. Preferred values have been defined by the
IEC, thus making it possible to divide RCDs into three groups
according to their IΔn value.
o High sensitivity (HS): 6- 10- 30 mA (for direct-contact / life
injury protection)
o Standard IEC 60755 (General requirements for residual current
operated protective devices) defines three types of RCD
depending on the characteristics of the fault current.
o Type AC: RCD for which tripping is ensured for residual
sinusoidal alternating currents
Procedures on how to install Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

Part One: Determining Where to Install the Circuit Breaker
1. Turn off the power supply to the electrical panel.
2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations.
3. Remove the electrical panel cover.
4. Test the panel to make sure the power is off.

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5. Find an unused space next to or between existing circuit
breaker.
Part Two: Placing the Circuit Breaker in the Panel
1. Make sure you have the correct circuit breaker.
2. Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position.
3. Align the circuit breaker with the bars in the panel.
4. Firmly press on the circuit breaker to seat it onto the bus bar.
5. Connect the circuit
wiring to the electrical
panel.
Part Three: Finishing and
Testing the Installation
1. Remove knockout plates
from your cover as
needed.
2. Clean all foreign objects
out of the panel and
reinstall the cover.
3. Turn on the main
breaker and test your
new circuit breaker.
4. Label the circuit breaker.
Conventional Lightning Protection System

A Conventional Lightning Rod (Spike Arrester) or lightning conductor
is a metal rod or conductor mounted on top of a building and electrically
connected to the ground through a wire or earthing copper strips, to protect
the building in the event of a lightning strike. If lightning strikes the
building, then according to laws of physics, it will preferentially strike the
lightening protection rod in Lucknow, and be conducted harmlessly to
ground through the wire, instead of passing through the building, where it
could start a fire or cause electrocution.
A conventional spike lightning protection rod is a single component in

a lightning protection system. In such a system, lightening protection rods
Lucknow are placed at regular intervals on the highest portions of a
structure, a lightning protection system typically includes a rooftop network
of electrical conductors, multiple conductive paths from the roof to the
ground earthing, bonding connections to metallic objects within the

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structure and a grounding network. The rooftop lightning rod is a metal
strip or rod, usually made of copper or aluminum and down path is made by
Copper/Aluminum/GI strips or Wires.
Lightning protection systems are installed on structures, trees,
monuments, bridges or water vessels to protect from lightning damage.
Individual lightning rods are sometimes called finials, air terminals or strike
termination devices.
We Stock Lightning Rods Lucknow, Spike Arrestor in Lucknow, Surge
Arrester in Lucknow and allied electrical hardware in Lucknow and lightning
protection devices in Lucknow to protect your buildings and structures from
harmful lightning strikes.
Conventional Lightning Protection System Installation Chart
Exceptional electrical dissipation characteristics.

 No antenna and beacon interference.
 180 mph survival wind speed.
 Low cost, replaceable dissipating tips.
Spike Lightning Arrestors in Lucknow are a very efficient hybrid

lightning dissipater. When operating as a shield it reduces the potential
between the tower and storm cell by transferring electrical charge to the
adjacent ionizing air molecules. This transference represents dissipation of
ion charge or the controlled leakage of the charge, thus reducing the
probability of a lightning strike. If the electric charge accumulation rate far

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exceeds the dissipation rate the spike arrestor will divert a lightning strike
away from the protected equipment and toward a safe, predetermined path
to earth.
Conventional Lightning Protection System comprises:

Lightning Rod (interception system): - lightning rod (Spike arrester)
or lightning conductor is a metal rod made of Copper, GI, and SS, which is
mounted on top of a building for discharge of lightning current from cloud.
Down Conductor (Arrester): - A conductor is a material which
contains movable electric charges. In metallic conductors such as copper or
aluminum, GI the movable charged particles are electrons and its help to
make fast discharge of Lightning energy. Present in flat as well as round.
This conductor is connected between Lightning rod and earth pit for making
a discharge path.
Earthing: In Lightning discharge, a chemical earthing (grounding)
system defines the electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of
the Earth's conductive surface. Lightning protection systems are special
grounding systems designed to safely conduct the extremely high voltage
currents associated with lightning strikes.
Advantages Applications
• Easy to Install. • Industrial
• Low Maintenance. • Agricultural
• Works according to lighting • Commercial
spectrum. • Institutional
• Is not sensitive to bad weather. • Residential
• Tested in the laboratory.
• Low Cost - Long Life.
• No electronic parts => No energy
consumption.
Procedures on how to Install Conventional Lightning Protection System

1. The top of the light terminal shall be installed at least 2 meters
over the area that it protects (including antennas, refrigerating
towers, roofs and tanks).
2. Each lightning rod shall be connected to at least two down
conductors.

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3. The receiving antennas (TV, radio, telephone) should be
connected directly or through and SPD or an isolated spark gap
to the lightning protection system with a suitable conductor.
4. The coaxial cable of the antennas should be protected with a
surge protective device.
5. The metallic elements that rise above the roof should be
connected to the closest down conductor.
6. The routing of the down-conductor should be as straight as
possible, following the shortest path, avoiding sharp bends or
upward sections.
7. The bend radii should not be less than 20cm.
8. Down-conductors will be placed preferably at the external part
of the structure (whenever possible), avoiding the proximity of
electrical or gas conductors.
9. The grounding system should be placed in a registry cage in
order to do periodical inspections.
10. The registry cage (or, in its absence each down-conductor)
should be provided with a test joint in order to disconnect the
earth termination system for enabling measurements.
11. The resistance value measured using a conventional equipment
should be the
lowest possible (less than 10
Ω).
12. This resistance
should be measured on the
earthing termination
insulated from any
other conductive
component.
13. All earthing
system for a same structure
should be
interconnected.
14. It is recommended to add Quibacsol mineral compound to
achieve lower soil resistivity.
Grounding System
Grounding (Earthing) is a system of electrical circuits that are
connected to the ground that functions when a leakage current can
discharge electricity to the earth.

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According to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Standard 142 ™ 2007, the purpose of the grounding system is to:
1. Limit the amount of voltage to the earth to be within the allowed
limits
2. Provide a path for current flow that can provide detection of the
occurrence of an undesired relationship between the system conductor and
the earth. This detection will result in the operation of automatic equipment
that decides the supply of voltage from the conductor.
Characteristics of an Effective Grounding System

Based on the IEEE standards, the grounding system is divided into:
1. TN-S (Terre Neutral – Separate)
2. TN-C-S (Terre Neutral – Combined – Separate)
3. TT (Double Terre)
4. TN-C (Neutral Terre – Combined)
5. IT (Isolated Terre)
Terre originates from the French language and means earth.
The first letter is the connection between ground and the power
supply, while the second letter shows the connection between ground and
electronic equipment supplied with electricity. The meaning of each letter is
as follows:
1. T (Terra) = Direct connection to ground.
2. I (Isolation) = There is no connection to ground (even if there is a
high impedance)
3. N (Neutral) = Connection directly to neutral power supply cable
(where this cable is also grounded in the power supply).

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In a TN-S system, the neutral part of the electrical energy source is
connected to the earth at one point, so that the neutral part of a consumer
installation is directly connected to the neutral source of electricity. This
type is suitable for installations that are close to electrical energy sources,
such as for large consumers who have one or more HV / LV transformers for
their own needs and if the installation / equipment is adjacent to the energy
source (transformers).
2. TN-C-S (Terre Neutral – Combined – Separate)

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A TN-C-S system, has a neutral channel from the main distribution
equipment (power source) connected to the earth and earthing at a certain
distance along neutral channels leading to consumers, usually referred to as
Protective Multiple Earthing (PME). With this system, a neutral conductor
can function to restore the earth fault current that might arise on the
consumer’s side (in station) back to the power source. In this system, the
installation of equipment in the consumer only connects the ground to the
terminal (channel) provided by the power source.

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In the TT system, the neutral part of the electricity source is not
directly connected with neutral earthing on the consumer side (equipment
installation). In TT systems, consumers must provide their own connection
to the earth, namely by installing an earth electrode that is suitable for the
installation.

In the TN-C system, the neutral channel of the main distribution
equipment (power source) is connected directly to the consumer’s neutral
channel and the frame of the installed equipment.
With this system, a neutral conductor is used as a protective
conductor and a combination of neutral and earthing side frames of the
equipment is known as a conductor of PEN (Protective Earthing and
Neutral).

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This system is not permitted for conductors less than 10 mm2 or for
portable equipment. This is because if a fault occurs, then at the same time
the PEN conductor carries the phase unbalance current and the third level
harmonic current and its multiples.
To reduce the impact on equipment and living things around the
equipment, then in the application of the TN-C system, the PEN conductor
must be connected to a number of electrode rods for earthing on the
installation.
From the first letter (I) it is clear that, in this type of IT system, neutral
is isolated (not connected) to the earth. The PE point is not connected to the
neutral channel but directly connected to the earthing.
In its application, the neutral point of the IT system is not really
isolated from the earth, but is still linked to the Zs impedance which has a
very high value of around 1000 ohms to 3000 ohms. This serves the purpose
of limiting the level of voltage overload when there is interference in the
system.

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Self- Check 2.2-2
Multiple choice:
Instruction: Underline only the letter corresponding to the best
answer.
1. The current flowing to an appliance, on a normal power circuit, returns
through the neutral wire
A. neutral wire B. negative wire
C. hot wire D. loop wire
2. A safety switch detects the loss of power from the circuit and cuts the
supply of electricity in as little as ____________________.

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A. 0.2 sec. B. 23 sec. C. 1.2 seconds D. 30 milliseconds – 0.003
seconds
3. Anything related to electrical matter such as Safety Switches should be
attended by a ____________________.
A. PPE B. PCD C. Accredited Master Electrician D.PDP
4. A ________________ happens when a safety switch constantly turns off,
even when there doesn't seem to be any reason for it.
A. Nuisance Tripping B. Tripping C. Break Trip D. Off
Limit
5. Anything that uses electricity can cause electrical ________________.
A. Burns or Other Injuries B. Leakage C. Relaying D.
Switching
6. A Conventional Lightning Rod (Spike Arrester) or lightning conductor is a
__________?
A. Metal rod B. Wire
C. Hot String D. Rod
7. _________ conductor is a material which contains movable electric
charges.

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A. Down Conductor (Arrester) B. Lightning Rod
C. Earthing D. Arrester
8. ______________ lightning rod (Spike arrester) or lightning conductor is a
metal rod made of Copper, GI, and SS, which is mounted on top of a
building for discharge of lightning current from cloud.
A. Lightning Rod (interception system) B. Wire
C. Earthing D. Arrester
9. In Lightning discharge, a chemical _____________ (grounding) system
defines the electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of the
Earth's conductive surface.
A. Earthing B. Lightning Rod
C. Heading D. Rod
10. Lightning protection systems are special grounding systems designed to
safely conduct the ________________ currents associated with lightning
strikes.
A. Extremely high voltage B. Wire
C. Earthing D. Rod
Identification:
Instruction: Identify each question in the sentence and write
your answer before the given number.

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11. It is a device used to directly detect currents leaking to earth from
an installation and cut the power and mainly used in TT earthing systems.
12. It is a voltage operated circuit breaker. The device will function
when the Current passes through the ELCB.
13. It was first introduced about forty years ago.
14. It contains relay Coil which it being connected to the metallic load
body at one end and it is connected to ground wire at the other end.
15. These devices are no longer used due to its drawbacks like if the
fault is between live and a circuit earth, they will disconnect the supply.
16. It is the neutral part of the electrical energy source is connected to
the earth at one point.
17. This system is not permitted for conductors less than 10 mm2 or
for portable equipment.
18. From the first letter (I) it is clear that, in this type of IT system,
neutral is isolated (not connected) to the earth.
19. Consumers must provide their own connection to the earth,
namely by installing an earth electrode that is suitable for the installation.
20. IT system is not really isolated from the earth, but is still linked to.

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ANSWER KEY 2.2-2
Multiple Choice:
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A

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Identification:
11. Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)
12. Voltage-ELCB
13. Current-ELCB
14. Voltage-ELCB
15. Earth Leakage

20. Zs impedance
TASK SHEET 2.2-2A

Title: Install Electrical Safety Switch
Performance Objective: Given the following equipment, you should be

able to perform safety switch installation
procedures following Philippine Electrical Code
Standards with the time frame of 45 minutes.
Supplies/Materials :
Set of Screw Drivers Electrician Pliers
Electrical Wire Wire Splicers
Wire Stripper Electrical Tape
Cover Plate Switch
Wrenches Electrician knives
Ball hammer Electric Drill
Working Gloves Safety Shoes
Hard Hat

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Equipment : Multiple Tester
Steps/Procedure:
1. Turn off the power to the switch at the main circuit breaker
or fuse panel.
2. Unscrew and remove the switch plate; then use a voltage
tester to make sure that the circuit is dead.
3. Unscrew the switch from the electrical box and pull it out
with the wires still attached.
4. Compare your new switch with the one you’re replacing to
find the corresponding locations for the electrical screw
connectors.
5. Attach the first wire you unscrew to the same-colored screw
on the new switch as it was on the on the old; do the same
with the second.
6. Gently push the new, wired switch back into the electrical
box and screw it in place.
Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION
TASK SHEET 2.2-2B

Title: Installation of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

able to perform safety switch installation
procedures following Philippine Electrical Code
standards in 45 minutes.
Panel Board Circuit Breaker
Male Plug Wire THW #12
Set of Screw Drivers Grounding Rod
Working Gloves Safety Shoes
Hard Hat
Steps/Procedure:

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Part One: Determining Where to Install the Circuit Breaker
2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations.
5. Find an unused space next to or between existing circuit breaker.
Part Two: Placing the Circuit Breaker in the Panel
9. Firmly press on the circuit breaker to seat it onto the bus bar.
10. Connect the circuit wiring to the electrical panel.
Part Three: Finishing and Testing the Installation
1. Remove knockout plates from your cover as needed.
2. Clean all foreign objects out of the panel and reinstall the cover.
3. Turn on the main breaker and test your new circuit breaker.
TASK SHEET 2.2-2C

Title: Installation of Conventional Lightning Protection System

able to perform installation of conventional
lightning protection system procedures following
Philippine Electrical Code standards in 45
minutes.
Copper Rods Conducting Wires Air Terminals Conductors
Set of Screw Drivers Grounding Rod Connectors Attachments
Working Gloves Safety Shoes Ground Ring Electrode
Hard Hat Surge Protection Bonding and Necessary Appurtenances
Steps/Procedure:

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1. The top of the light terminal shall be installed at least 2 meters over the
area that it protects (including antennas, refrigerating towers, roofs and
tanks).
2. Each lightning rod shall be connected to at least two down conductors.
3. The receiving antennas (TV, radio, telephone) should be connected
directly or through and SPD or an isolated spark gap to the lightning
protection system with a suitable conductor.
4. The coaxial cable of the antennas should be protected with a surge
protective device.
5. The metallic elements that rise above the roof should be connected to the
closest down conductor.
6. The routing of the down-conductor should be as straight as possible,
following the shortest path, avoiding sharp bends or upward sections.
8. Down-conductors will be placed preferably at the external part of the
structure (whenever possible), avoiding the proximity of electrical or gas
conductors.
9. The grounding system should be placed in a registry cage in order to do
periodical inspections.
10. The registry cage (or, in its absence each down-conductor) should be
provided with a test joint in order to disconnect the earth termination
system for enabling measurements.
11. The resistance value measured using a conventional equipment should
be the lowest possible (less than 10 Ω).
12. This resistance should be measured on the earthing termination
insulated from any other conductive component.
13. All earthing system for a same structure should be interconnected.
14. It is recommended to add Quibacsol mineral compound to achieve lower
soil resistivity.
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-2A
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Turn off the power to the switch at the main circuit
breaker or fuse panel.
2. Unscrew and remove the switch plate; then use a
voltage tester to make sure that the circuit is dead.
3. Unscrew the switch from the electrical box and pull
it out with the wires still attached.
4. Compare your new switch with the one you’re
replacing to find the corresponding locations for the
electrical screw connectors.

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5. Attach the first wire you unscrew to the same-
colored screw on the new switch as it was on the on the
old; do the same with the second.
6. Gently push the new, wired switch back into the
electrical box and screw it in place.
8. Performed task according to PEC standards
9. Performed task within specified time limit
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-2B
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused
locations.
5. Find an unused space next to or between existing

circuit breaker.

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9. Firmly press on the circuit breaker to seat it onto the
bus bar.
10. Connect the circuit wiring to the electrical panel.
11. Remove knockout plates from your cover as
needed.
12. Clean all foreign objects out of the panel and
reinstall the cover.
13. Turn on the main breaker and test your new circuit
breaker.
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-2C
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. The top of the light terminal shall be installed at least
2 meters over the area that it protects (including
antennas, refrigerating towers, roofs and tanks).
2. Each lightning rod shall be connected to at least two
down conductors.
3. The receiving antennas (TV, radio, telephone) should
be connected directly or through and SPD or an
isolated spark gap to the lightning protection system
with a suitable conductor.
4. The coaxial cable of the antennas should be protected
with a surge protective device.

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5. The metallic elements that rise above the roof should
be connected to the closest down conductor.
6. The routing of the down-conductor should be as
straight as possible, following the shortest path,
avoiding sharp bends or upward sections.
8. Down-conductors will be placed preferably at the
external part of the structure (whenever possible),
avoiding the proximity of electrical or gas conductors.
9. The grounding system should be placed in a registry
cage in order to do periodical inspections.

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10.The registry cage (or, in its absence each down-
conductor) should be provided with a test joint in
order to disconnect the earth termination system for
enabling measurements.
11.The resistance value measured using a conventional
equipment should be the lowest possible (less than 10
Ω).
12.This resistance should be measured on the earthing
termination insulated from any other conductive
component.
13.All earthing system for a same structure should be

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14. It is recommended to add Quibacsol mineral
compound to achieve lower soil resistivity.

Safety Procedures in Installing Electrical Protection System
1. Understand and appreciate the electrical safety work practices plan, and
2. Know the specific types of work
practices
Electrical Safety Work

Practices Plan
This safety procedure
provides guidelines for safely
working around electrical
hazards. It includes provisions
for training, lockout
requirements, and specific types
of work practices and the
required precautionary practices
when using portable electric
equipment.
It is the responsibility of
each exposed employee's
immediate supervisor to ensure that the employee has received the training
necessary to safely perform his or her duties. This training will be given via
classroom and on-the-job instruction and is to be documented. Exposed
employees shall be trained in and familiar with the safety related work
practices required by MIOSHA General Industry Standards Part 40, and
safety related work practices contained within the National Electric Code as
they pertain to their respective job assignments. Additional training
requirements for qualified persons are also mandated.

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Employees will be trained in specific hazards associated with their
potential exposure. This training will include isolation of energy, hazard
identification, premises wiring, connection to supply, generation,
transmission, distribution installations, clearance distances, use of personal
protective equipment and insulated tools, and emergency procedures.
Qualified Person
Those persons who are permitted to work on or near exposed
energized parts and are trained in the applicable electrical safe work
practices.
Qualified persons shall, at a minimum, be trained in and familiar with:
1. The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live
parts from other parts of electric equipment,
2. The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal
voltage of exposed live parts, and
3. The clearance distances specified in Table I and the corresponding
voltage to which the qualified person will be exposed.
All electrical energy sources must be locked out when any employee is
exposed to direct or indirect contact with parts of fixed electrical equipment
or circuits.
Safety related work practices will be used to prevent electric shock or
other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts.
Safety related work practices will be consistent with the nature and extent of
the associated electrical hazards.
Specific types of work practices covered by this safety procedure include:
1. Working with de-energized parts
2. Working with energized parts
3. Vehicular and mechanical equipment near overhead lines and
underground lines
4. Illumination
5. Conductive materials and equipment
6. Portable Ladders

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7. Housekeeping
Portable Equipment
All portable electric equipment will be handled in such a manner that
will not damage or reduce service life. Flexible cords connected to equipment
may not be used for raising or lowering equipment and will not be used if
damage to the outer insulation is present. Additionally, visual inspections
are required and unauthorized alterations of the grounding protection are
not allowed to ensure the safety of employees. Prior to each shift, a visual
inspection will be performed for external defects and for possible internal
damage. Attachment plugs and receptacles may not be connected or altered
in a manner that would prevent proper continuity of the equipment
grounding conductor. In addition, these devices may not be altered to allow
the grounding pole of a plug to be inserted into slots intended for connection
to the current-carrying conductors.
Portable electric equipment and flexible cords used in highly
conductive work locations or in job locations where employees are likely to
contact water or conductive liquids shall be approved by the manufacturer
for those locations. The hazardous locations that employees should be aware
of include, wet locations and locations where combustible or flammable
atmospheres are present.
For wet locations, employees' hands will not be wet when plugging and
unplugging energized equipment. Energized plug and receptacle connections
will be handled only with protective equipment if the condition could provide
a conductive path to the employee's hand (if, for example, a cord connector
is wet from being immersed in water). In addition, ground-fault circuit
interrupter (GFCI) protection is required for some equipment/locations and
is also recommended for use in all wet or highly conductive locations.
For combustible/flammable atmospheres, all electric equipment and
wiring systems in classified locations must meet The National Electric Code
requirements for that particular classification.
Protective Equipment
Employees working in confined areas such as electrical vaults or any
other area where there are potential electrical hazards will be provided with
and use protective equipment that is appropriate for the work to be
performed.
Examples of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that might be
needed for protection against electric shock include but are not limited to:

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1. Nonconductive hard-hats, gloves, and foot protection or insulating
mats
2. Eye and face protection whenever there is danger from electric arcs
or flashes
3. Insulated tools or handling equipment
4. Protective shields and barriers to protect against electrical shock
and burns
Additionally, other ways of protecting employees from the hazards of
electrical shock will be implemented, including insulation and guarding of
live parts. The insulation must be appropriate for the voltage and the
insulating material must be undamaged, clean, and dry. Guarding prevents
the employee from coming too close to energized parts. It can be in the form
of a physical barricade or it can be provided by installing the live parts out
of reach from the working surface.
Conductive Materials and Equipment

Conductive materials and equipment (e.g., hand tools) will be handled
to prevent contact with exposed energized conductors or circuit parts.
Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing (such as watch bands, bracelets,
rings, key chains, necklaces, metalized aprons, cloth with conductive
thread, or metal headgear) will not be worn.
De-energized Parts
All electrical parts exceeding 50 volts will be de-energized before an
employee works on or near equipment unless:
1. The de-energizing creates a more hazardous situation
2. The equipment, by design, cannot be shut down
3. The decision to work without de-energizing shall be made by
management and documented before work begins
When any employee is exposed to direct or indirect contact with parts
of fixed electrical equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the
electrical energy source will be locked out.
Energized Parts
If work must be performed while equipment is energized or if de-
energizing is not feasible, additional safety measures will be taken to ensure

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the safety of the qualified employee and any other persons who may be
exposed. Protection from energized parts will be suitable for the type of
hazard involved. Exposed energized parts in areas accessible to the public
shall be continuously protected by an authorized attendant. In areas not
accessible to the public, employees shall be protected from exposed
energized parts by the use of signs or tags. In addition to signs or tags,
barricades shall be used where necessary to limit access to areas with
exposed energized parts.
Only Qualified persons will be allowed to perform work directly on
energized parts or equipment. Qualified persons will be capable of working
safely on energized circuits and will be familiar with special precautionary
techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding
materials and insulated tools. Qualified persons must also have received the
training required in this safety procedure.
Illumination
Employees will be provided with adequate light to work on energized
equipment or equipment will be relocated to ensure adequate light is
available.
Portable Ladders
Portable ladders will have nonconductive surfaces if they are used
where the employee or the ladder could be exposed to electrical shock
hazards.
Reclosing Circuits
If circuits are tripped using a protective device such as ground fault
circuit interrupter (GFCI), power will not be restored until the reason for the
interruption is determined and corrected. Fuses or breakers will not be
replaced or reset until it is determined that the circuit is safe to operate.
Fuses will not be replaced with higher rated fuses or with makeshift devices
to bypass circuit protection as designed. Problems will be identified and
promptly repaired by a qualified person.
Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment Near Overhead Power Lines
Overhead power lines will be de-energized and grounded before any
work is performed by any vehicle or mechanical equipment near the
energized overhead power lines. If the overhead lines cannot be de-
energized, then the vehicle or mechanical equipment will be operated so that
a clearance of 10 feet is maintained. If the voltage of the overhead line
exceeds 50 kV, the distance will be increased 4 inches for every 10 kV
increase in power. If lines are protected with properly rated insulating
devices, the distance may be decreased. If the equipment is an aerial lift

Date Revised:
NC II 53
Developed by:
SPCMOI
insulated for the voltage involved and if the work is performed by a qualified
person, the clearance may be reduced to a distance given in Table I. If
protective measures such as guarding or isolation are provided, these
measures must protect the employee from contacting such lines directly
with any part of the body or indirectly through conductive materials, tools,
or equipment.
Electrical Equipment/Machinery
All electrical equipment and machinery must be grounded effectively
so that there is no potential difference between the metal enclosures. Use
the voltage detector to find discrepancies and other test equipment to
determine the corrective action required. Disconnects should be easily
identified with the specific machinery they shut off. Disconnects should also
be accessible near the machinery for use in an emergency. The disconnects
should be activated periodically to be sure they are operable. All electrical
connections to the equipment must be secure so that no cord or cable
tension will be transmitted to the electrical terminals within the equipment.
The wiring installation should be such that it is protected from damage at all
times.
GFCI Protection
Generally, GFCI protection is not required by the NEC on a retroactive
basis. Where there is an employee exposure to potential line-to-ground
shock hazards, GFCI protection should be provided. This is especially
important in work areas where portable electrical equipment is being used
in wet or damp areas in contact with earth or grounded conductive surfaces.
Temporary wiring that is being used on a permanent basis should be
replaced with fixed wiring. Conduit and/or cable systems must be protected
from damage by vehicles or other mobile equipment. All fittings and
connections to junction boxes and other equipment must be secure. No
exposed wiring can be allowed. Check for missing knockouts and cover
plates. Jerry-rigged splices on flexible cords and cables should be correctly
repaired. Electrical equipment should be installed in a neat and professional
manner. Check for damaged insulation on flexible cords and pendant drop
cords.

Date Revised:
NC II 53
Developed by:
SPCMOI
Self- Check 2.2-3
Identification
Instruction: Identify each question in the sentence and write your
answer before the given number.
1. Those persons who are permitted to work on or near exposed
energized parts and are trained in the applicable electrical safe work
practices.
2. Employees will be provided with adequate light to work on
energized equipment or equipment will be relocated to ensure adequate light
is available.
3. Nonconductive surfaces if they are used where the employee or the
ladder could be exposed to electrical shock hazards.
4. It is grounded effectively so that there is no potential difference
between the metal enclosures.
5. It is protected from damage by vehicles or other mobile equipment.

Date Revised:
NC II 53
Developed by:
SPCMOI
ANSWER KEY 2.2-3
1. Qualified Person
2. Illumination
3. Portable Ladders
4. Electrical Equipment and Machinery
5. Conduit and/or cable systems
REFERENCES:
1. https://www.mtu.edu/ehs/programs/electrical-safety/
3. https://www.electrical4u.com/working-principle-of-earth-leakage-
breaker-elcb-voltage-current-elcb-rccb/
4. https://blog.phoenixcontact.com/marketing-sea/2019/01/grounding-
system-types-according-to-ieee-standard/
5. © 2019 Residential & Commercial Electrician Brisbane | Algester
Electrical.
6. www.revimage.org/
7. http://www.electroworld.in/conventional-lightning-protection-
system.html

Date Revised:
NC II 53
Developed by:
SPCMOI

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Competency Based Learning

Sector: ELECTRICAL @ ELECTRONICS SECTOR

ST. PETER’S COLLEGE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL,

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Maintenance NCII

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

NOMINAL DURATION: 44 hours

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Information Sheet 2.2-1

What is a power protection system?

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Components of protection system

1. Mechanical Relays: it contains electrical, mechanical and

2. Solid State Relays: it replaces the mechanical parts by electronics

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

3. Hybrid Relays: a composition of mechanical and solid-state relay

4. Digital Protection Relays: these relays implement a

Batteries: they are very important in any protection system as they

Communication channels: connectivity between power system and

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

After having an overview about the components of protection which

 Types of electrical protection

Distance protection (for transmission lines).

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Self- Check 2.2-1

1. ________________ is a system which is responsible for protecting electrical

2. _______________ are the most powerful devices in the system.

A. Toner B. Circuit Breakers C. Wire Gauge D. Switches

responsible for closing/ opening the system

A. Excreting B. Ending C. closing/ opening the system D.

4. So when designing a protection system, we need to have firstly an

overview about the ____________________________.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

5. ___________ is a composition of mechanical and solid-state relay to get the

ANSWER KEY 2.2-1

Information Sheet 2.2-2

Electrical Safety Switch

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

How do safety switches work?

Electrical Safety Switch Installation

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Importance of Installing Safety

Importance of Safety Switches

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

There are two types of ELCBs:

A Voltage-ELCBs were first introduced

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Voltage Base ELCB

If the voltage of the Equipment body is rise (by touching phase to

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Electrical Installation and Date Developed: Document No.

Can we assume whether Our Electrical System is protected against