Digital Logic & Processors

LAB MANUAL

Course code: 22EC1101

For
I Semester / I Year

Of
B.Tech.
CSE, ECS, ECE, EEE, CS&IT, AI&DS, IOT

KL UNIVERSITY
VADDESWARAM, GUNTUR – 522 502 (A.P.) INDIA

2022-23
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 DIGITAL LOGIC & PROCESSORS [ 22EC1101]

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Exp. Name of the Experiments Lab
No. Type
1 Realization of Logic Functions using TTL IC’s IN Lab
2 LED Control Using Universal Gates IN Lab
3 Combinational Circuit Based Car Security System IN Lab
4 Participant selection in Competitions Using Multiplexer IN Lab
5 Random Number Generator for Gaming Using D-Flip- flop IN Lab
6 Verification of logic gates using Verilog tool IN Lab
7 Design and verification of full adder using Verilog tool IN Lab
8 Design and verification of 3-bit odd parity generator using Verilog tool IN Lab
9 Verification of Flip flops using Verilog tool IN Lab
10 Design and verification of 3-bit Synchronous counter using Verilog tool IN Lab
Components Required as per Experiment Number:

1) IC’s 7408, 7432, 7404 ,7400,7402,7486,74266

2) IC’s 7400 & 7402
3) IC’s 7408, 7432, 7404
4) IC’s 74151, 74138, 7410
5) IC’s 7447, 7490, FND 542
6) IC’s 74190, 7474
7) IC’s 7476, 7486
8) IC’s 7421
9) IC’s 7489
10) IC’s 74181

Other than these IC’s we require LED’s (Red, Green, and White) 100 each
Bread boards or Digital Trainers (25) ----- To conduct experiments for 25 batches at a time
Connecting wires
(All the basic concepts will be covered in class room with simulation tool logisim or multisim prior to lab
application oriented experiments)

Signature of Course Coordinator Head of the Department

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 LAB Evaluation Pattern

Internal and External Lab Evaluation Process:

Evaluation Weightage /Marks Date Duration

Component (Hours)

Weightage (10%)

Max Marks (50)

Internal Lab 90 mts
Experiment

Weightage (16%)
SE Lab Exam 90 mts

Max Marks (50)

Experiment wise Evaluation:

Expt No. Date Aim / or Objective MARKS

Record (5M) Results/ Inference VivaVoce Total Signature

& & (5M) marks of Faculty
Graphs Analysis (20M) with date
(5M) (5M)

Total
NOTE: Teacher must maintain the same format in the attendance register of the said labcourse

Note: In observation/Record book student must maintain this evaluation page

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 EXPERIMENT 1

REALIZATION OF LOGIC FUNCTIONS USING TTL IC’s

Aim: To Study and Verify the Logic Gates Using TTL IC’s
Apparatus: Logic trainer kit, logic gates / ICs, wires.
Theory: Logic gates are electronic circuits which perform logical functions on one or more inputs
to produce one output. There are seven logic gates. When all the input combinations of a logic
gate are written in a series and their corresponding outputs written along them, then this input/
output combination is called Truth Table. Various gates and their working is explained here.
AND Gate
AND gate produces an output as 1, when all its inputs are 1; otherwise the output is 0. This gate
can have minimum 2 inputs but output is always one. Its output is 0 when any input is 0.

IC 7408

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OR Gate
OR gate produces an output as 1, when any or all its inputs are 1; otherwise the output is 0. This
gate can have minimum 2 inputs but output is always one. Its output is 0 when all input are 0.

IC 7432

NOT Gate
NOT gate produces the complement of its input. This gate is also called an INVERTER. It always
has one input and one output. Its output is 0 when input is 1 and output is 1 when input is 0.

IC 7404
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NAND Gate
NAND gate is actually a series of AND gate with NOT gate. If we connect the output of an AND
gate to the input of a NOT gate, this combination will work as NOT-AND or NAND gate. Its
output is 1 when any or all inputs are 0, otherwise output is 1.

IC 7400

NOR Gate
NOR gate is actually a series of OR gate with NOT gate. If we connect the output of an OR gate
to the input of a NOT gate, this combination will work as NOT-OR or NOR gate. Its output is 0
when any or all inputs are 1, otherwise output is 1.

IC 7402

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Exclusive OR (X-OR) Gate

X-OR gate produces an output as 1, when number of 1’s at its inputs is odd, otherwise output is
0. It has two inputs and one output.

IC 7486

Exclusive NOR (X-NOR) Gate

X-NOR gate produces an output as 1, when number of 1’s at its inputs is not odd, otherwise
output is 0. It has two inputs and one output.

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 Procedure:

1. Connect the trainer kit to ac power supply.

2. Connect the inputs of any one logic gate to the logic sources and its output to the logic indicator.
3. Apply varous input combinations and observe output for each one.
4. Verify the truth table for each input/ output combination.
5. Repeat the process for all other logic gates.
6. Switch off the ac power supply.

Result:Verified the Logic Gates using TTL IC’s

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 EXPERIMENT – 2

LED CONTROL USING UNIVERSAL GATES

AIM: To control given LED sequence using NAND and NOR gates

Apparatus:

S. Description of Item Quantity

No
1. IC 7400 03
2. IC 7402 02
3. Digital Trainer Kit 01
4. Bread Board 01
Truth Table

A B LED1 LED2
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1

Circuit Implementation Using NAND Gate

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Circuit Implementation Using NOR Gate

Theory: NAND and NOR gates are known as universal logic gates. We can implement any
logic by using these universal logic gates. A logic circuit is designed to control LED’s using
NAND and NOR logic gates.

Procedure:

a) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram I

b) By applyingthe inputs, the LED outputs are observed and the operation is verified with the help
of truth table.

Precautions:
1. Connections must be tight on the bread board.

2. Identify the pins of the IC properly.

3. Take care while removing and inserting the IC on bread board.

Result:
1. Understand the concept of universal gates
2. Identify the replacement of universal gates instead of basic gates
3. LED on and off controlling using universal gates

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 EXPERIMENT – 3

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT BASED CAR SECURITY SYSTEM

Aim: To Design a combinational circuit that check the following conditions to start the car engine
Otherwise blow horn if any one condition fails

Unlock the doors

Whether the seat belt is fasten or not whether the doors
are properly closed or not

Apparatus:

Logic Gates

No of 3-input AND gates No of 2-input AND gates No of 2- input OR No of Inverters

gates
1 2 1 2

Principle of Operation:

It is used to provide the security and safety to the passengers travelling in the car. When
a driver step into the car first it checks whether all the doors are properly closed or not if the
doors are closed then it checks for seatbelt is fasten or not all the conditions are satisf ied then
the engine will start otherwise buzzer will blown.

Block diagram:

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Truth Table:
Inputs Outputs
Key Cardoors Seatbelt Buzzer Engine
0 X X 0 0
1 0 X 1 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1

K-Maps:

Logic Diagram:

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Procedure:

Connect the circuit as per the logic diagram

Connect all the inputs of the circuit to the toggle switches Connect all the outputs
of the circuit to the LEDs.
Apply the inputs as per the truth table
Observe and tabulate the output of the circuit

Result: Student is able to design a car security system using logic gates

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 EXPERIMENT – 4:

PARTICIPANT SELECTION IN COMPETITION USING MULTIPLEXER

Aim: Participant selection in competitions.

Two judges of the Indian Idol competition need the help of digital logic to display
whether the participant must stay or leave the competition without displaying their votes. The
selection criteria are as follows.

1) At least one judge should vote positively.

2) Same type of votes cancels each other.
3) If the participant stays, green LED should glow.
4) If the participant leaves, red LED should glow.

Components Required: LED’s (Green and Red), MUX IC, NI Multisim with MyDAQ

Theory:

1. There will be 4 possibilities based on the voting of two judges (say A & B).
2. If the 2 judges vote positively or negatively for the participant, then the participant
should leave the competition i.e., if 00 or 11 then output should be zero.
3. If both the judges vote compliment to each other, then the participant stays in the
competition i.e., if 01 or 10 then output should be one.
4. Since one of the combinations will occur at a time based on the voting we can switch
the output using a multiplexer.
5. The circuit diagram is shown below for the given conditions.

Circuit Diagram:

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Truth Table:

A B Decision Mux Output LED Status

0 0 Leaves 0 RED ON
0 1 Stays 1 GREEN ON
1 0 Stays 1 GREEN ON
1 1 Leaves 0 RED ON

Procedure:

1. Construct the multiplexer using the basic gates as shown in Fig 2

2. Connect the componentson the bread board as per given circuit diagram (Fig 1).
3. Give Power Supply and the inputs using Kit
4. Change the selection lines and observe the output for each combination.

Observation:

1. What happens if both the judges vote positively for the participant?
2. Does both LEDs glow at the same time for any combination?
3. Can we implement the digital logic for the given problem using universal gates other than
MUX

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 EXPERIMENT – 5

RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR FOR GAMING USING D- FLIPFLOP

Aim: To generate random number for gaming, using D-flipflops.

Components Required: -

S.No Component Name Quantity

1 IC 7474 1

2 IC 7486 1

3 Breadboard 1

4 LEDs 4

5 Connecting Wires Required number

Theory:
1. Circuit counts through 24-1 different non-zero bit patterns.
2. Left most bit determines shift or more complex operation
3. Can build a similar circuit with any number of FFs, may need more xor gates.
4. In general, with n flip-flops, 2n-1 different non-zero bit patterns.

Circuit Diagram:

C LK

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Block Diagram:

Procedure:
1. Let us consider the initial input data is “ 0001”;
2. D1,D2,D3 and D4 are input lines of corresponding flipflops.
3. Similarly q1,q2,q3 and q4 are output lines of corresponding flipflops.
4. D1=q4, D2=q1^q4
D3=q2
D4=q3

S.No No.of.Clock Pulse 4-bit output Decimal Equivalent

1 1 0001 1
2 2 0010 2
3 3 0100 4
4 4 1000 8
5 5 0011 3
6 6 0110 6
7 7 1100 12
8 8 1011 11
9 9 0101 5
10 10 1010 10
11 11 0111 7

12 12 1110 14
13 13 1111 15
14 14 1101 13

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 15 15 1001 9
16 16 0001 1

Schematic In NI-Multisim:

Result:
1) From this Design, we had understand the concept of flipflops and its Applications.
2) Understood the concept of LFSR and its uses.

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DSCH Installation procedure

http://csit-sun.pub.ro/courses/vlsi/Carte_VLSI/intrage.insa-tlse.fr/_etienne/Microwind/index.html

1. Verification of logic gates using verilog HDL

2. Design and verification of full adder using verilog HDL
3. Design and verification of 3-bit odd parity generator using verilog HDL
4. Verification of flip flops using verilog HDL
5. Design and verification of 3-bit synchronous counter using verilog HDL

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 EXPERIMENT – 6
VERIFICATION OF LOGIC GATES USING VERILOG HDL
Aim: Verification of logic gates using verilog HDL
Components required: DSCH Tool
1.AND gate

VERILOG CODE:
module logicgate (A,B,F);
input A,B;
output F;
and and1 (F,A,B);
endmodule

NAND gate:

VERILOG CODE:
module logicgate (A,B,F);
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input A,B;
output F;
nand nand1 (F,A,B);
endmodule
OR Gate:

VERILOG CODE:
module logicgate (A,B,F);
input A,B;
output F;
or or1 (F,A,B);
endmodule
NOR gate

VERILOG CODE:
module logicgate (A,B,F);
input A,B;
output F;
nor nor1 (F,A,B);
endmodule

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EX-OR gate

VERILOG CODE:
module logicgate (A,B,F);
input A,B;
output F;
xor xor1 (F,A,B);
endmodule
EX-NOR gate

Verilog code:

module logicgate (A,B,F);

input A,B;
output F;
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xnor xnor1 (F,A,B);
endmodule

EXPERIMENT – 7
DESIGN AND VERIFICATION OF FULL ADDER USING VERILOG HDL

Aim: To Design and verification of full adder using verilog HDL

Components required: DSCH Tool

TRUTH TABLE

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module FULL ADDER (A,B,C,SUM,CARRY);
input A,B,C;
output SUM,CARRY;
and and1 (w1,A,B);
xor xor1 (w2,A,B);
and and2 (w3,w1,C);
xor xor2 (SUM,w1,C);
or or1 (CARRY,w1,w3);
endmodule
EXPERIMENT – 8
DESIGN AND VERIFICATION OF 3-BIT ODD PARITY GENERATOR USING VERILOG HDL

Aim:To design and verification of 3-bit odd parity generator using verilog HDL
Components required: DSCH Tool

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module oddparitygenerator (A,B,C,Pe,b3,b2,b1);
input A,B,C;
output Pe,b3,b2,b1;
xor xor1 (w1,A,B);
xnor xnor2 (Pe,w1,C);
buf buf1 (b1,A);
buf buf2 (b2,B);
buf buf3 (b2,C);
endmodule

module oddparitygenerator (A,B,C,Po,b3,b2,b1);

input A,B,C;
output Pe,b3,b2,b1;
xor xor1 (w1,A,B);
xor xor2 (Po,w1,C);
buf buf1 (b1,A);
buf buf2 (b2,B);
buf buf3 (b2,C);
endmodule

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 EXPERIMENT – 9
VERIFICATION OF FLIP FLOPS USING VERILOG HDL

Aim: Verification of flip flops using verilog HDL

Components required: DSCH Tool

SR-Flip-Flop

D-Flip flop

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JK-Flip flop

T-Flop flop

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Verilog codes for Flip flops

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 EXPERIMENT – 10
DESIGN AND VERIFICATION OF 3-BIT SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER USING VERILOG HDL

Aim: To design and verification of 3-bit synchronous counter using verilog HDL
Components required: DSCH Tool

Circuit diagram:

Truth table

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