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Lesson 1 Respiration and Moving

1) The document provides information about the circulatory, respiratory, and skeletal systems of the human body. It describes how blood circulates through the heart and blood vessels, and the components and functions of blood. 2) Details are given about respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs through diffusion between the alveoli and blood. The key parts of the respiratory system are outlined. 3) An overview of the skeletal system is presented, including that it consists of 206 bones that provide structure, movement, and protection. Different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints are examined.

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CHENNAIAH GARI SAI BABU
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186 views8 pages

Lesson 1 Respiration and Moving

1) The document provides information about the circulatory, respiratory, and skeletal systems of the human body. It describes how blood circulates through the heart and blood vessels, and the components and functions of blood. 2) Details are given about respiration and gas exchange that occurs in the lungs through diffusion between the alveoli and blood. The key parts of the respiratory system are outlined. 3) An overview of the skeletal system is presented, including that it consists of 206 bones that provide structure, movement, and protection. Different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints are examined.

Uploaded by

CHENNAIAH GARI SAI BABU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1: Respiration and moving

Grade: 7 Subject: Science

Note: All diagrams are not meant for drawing. List of diagrams to be drawn will be mentioned
at the end of the lesson.
Topic 1: Blood
Circulation:
The movement of blood in the body is called circulation. The heart pumps and pushes the blood
through blood vessels. Circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels.

Blood vessels:
The blood vessels that take blood away from the heart are called arteries. The blood vessels that
bring blood back to the heart are called veins. The smallest blood vessels are called capillaries.
Blood:

It is a fluid connective tissue. It consists of plasma, rbc, wbc and blood platelets

Component of Function
blood

Plasma Liquid part of the blood. Pale yellow in color. It transports various
substances.

RBC Contains hemoglobin which carries oxygen to all body parts. When
(Red blood cells) carrying oxygen they are bright red and dull color when carrying less
oxygen. Do not contain nuclei or mitochondria

WBC Protects the body by fighting against pathogens.


(White blood
cells)

Blood platelets Are small colorless cell fragments that come together to prevent
bleeding. They are produced by bone marrow.

Blood transfusion:

Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation
intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components
of the blood.
Topic 2: Human respiratory system
Aerobic respiration:
It is a chemical reaction which occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells in presence
of oxygen. In this oxygen combines with glucose to form carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water

Gas exchange and diffusion:


In humans, lungs allow oxygen into blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body. In plants,
exchange of gases happens by stomata (opening and closing of guard cells).
Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentrated area to low concentrated area
until even distribution occurs.

Gas exchange in the lungs:


More oxygen is available in alveolus than in the blood in a capillary. Due to diffusion oxygen
enters the bloodstream.
When there is more carbon dioxide in the blood than in the alveolus, carbon dioxide diffuses out.
Parts of the respiratory system:

Part Function

Trachea Carry air in and out of lungs


(windpipe)

Lungs Allows breathing

Bronchi Carry air to and from lungs

Alveoli Exchange of gases

Diaphragm Helps in inhale and exhale


Keeping it clean:
Dust, bacteria and viruses may damage lungs. Nose hair filters air for larger particles. Smaller
particles get stuck in the mucous, containing microorganisms. Cilia sweep mucous up the throat,
then swallow and acid in the stomach will kill the microorganisms.

Muscles and breathing:


The movement of muscles is called breathing. It is divided into inhale and exhale.

Inhale Exhale

● Air enters from nose into lungs NA

● Intercostal muscle change shape ● Intercostal muscle change shape

● Muscles contract ● Muscles relax

● Ribcage move upwards and ● Ribcage falls


downwards

● Diaphragm muscles contract and ● Diaphragm rises


flatten

● Volume of chest increases ● Volume of chest decreases

NA ● Air flows out

The number of times you inhale and exhale in one minute is called breathing rate.

Topic 3: Skeleton, joints and muscles

Skeletal system:
Group of organs that support the body and allow movement is called the skeletal system. It
consists of 206 bones.
Functions of skeletal system:
● Movement: It helps the living organism to move
● Support: provides support to the entire body
● Protection: stop body parts from getting damaged
Joints:
The places where bones meet are called joints. The skull has immovable joints.
Ball and socket joint: The top part of the thigh bone forms a ball that fits into the socket of the
hip bone.

Elbow (hinge joint): It allows movement in two directions.

Muscles and Joints:


Ligaments attach bones in a joint. Tendons attach the muscles to the bones. Muscles move the
bone when it contracts and relaxes when not in use. Some muscles pull bone in one direction
and other muscles pull in the opposite direction. (Antagonistic pairs of muscles)
Injuries:
An injury is damage to the body. It is mostly painful and does not allow to move easily. It includes
● Dislocations (bone moved out of its place)
● Fractures (broken done)
● Sprains (stretching of ligament)
● Pulled muscles (stretching of muscle or tendon)
Diagrams:
1. Draw the diagram of the respiratory system and label the parts.
2. Draw the diagram of the skeletal system and label its parts.

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