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5,6,7,8 Distributed Systems

The document discusses the application areas of distributed systems and some key challenges in distributed systems. It lists common application areas such as banking, stock exchanges, web browsers, streaming services, ridesharing and food delivery apps, and online games. Two challenges discussed are failure handling, which is difficult due to partial failures, and transparency, where the distributed nature should be hidden from users.

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50 views3 pages

5,6,7,8 Distributed Systems

The document discusses the application areas of distributed systems and some key challenges in distributed systems. It lists common application areas such as banking, stock exchanges, web browsers, streaming services, ridesharing and food delivery apps, and online games. Two challenges discussed are failure handling, which is difficult due to partial failures, and transparency, where the distributed nature should be hidden from users.

Uploaded by

Leeroy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.What are the application areas of distributed systems?

The application areas are:

 banking applications

 stock exchange applications

 web browsers e.g google

 streaming services

 rideshare applications

 food delivery applications

 massively multiplayer online games

6. Highlight the differences between a local call and a remote call.

Remote procedure calls Local calls

are executed on another node of a network or are executed by the server hosting the
computer. program

RPC is slower than LPC since it uses the Local calls are faster compared to network-
network to invoke the method. based remote calls

Responds to remote as well as local procedure Responds to only local proceducre calls
calls

Requires remote setup for specific procedures Opertaes implicitylu

Supports cross-platform communication Procedures are called within the same


program and systems
7. Discuss any two challenges that are found in Distributed Systems.

Failure Handling:

When some faults occur in hardware and the software program, they may produce incorrect
results or stop before completing the intended computation, so corrective measures should be
implemented to handle this case. Failure handling is difficult in distributed systems because the
failure is partial, i.e., some components fail while others continue to function.

Transparency :

Transparency makes guarantee that users or application programmers see the distributed
system as a single, collaborating system rather than a group of autonomous entities. The user
should not be aware of the location of the services, and moving data from a local workstation to
a distant one should be seamless.

8. Highlight on the differences of fundamental models and architectural models, taking


note ofthe key elements of each.

Architectural Model

Definition • A fundamental model is deals with the description of properties


that are present in distributed architectures.

• Based on fundamental properties such as characteristics, failures and security.

• An architectural model of a distributed system defines the way in which the


components of the system interact with each other and the way in which they are
mapped onto an underlying network of computers

Examples • Interaction model

• Failure model

• Security model

• Client-server model

• Peer-to-peer model
Purpose • To make explicit all relevant assumptions about the system being
modeled.

• To find out what is generally possible and not workable about the given
assumptions.

• Used to address questions like

– What are the most important entities in the system?

– how do they interact?

– What are the characteristics that affect their individual and collective behavior?
• The overall goal of any system architecture is to ensure that it will meet present
and likely future demands on it.

• Major concerns include making the system dependable, manageable, adaptable,


and cost-effective.

• simplifies and abstracts the functionality into individual components

• Considers the interrelationships between these components, i.e., their functional


roles and communication patterns between them.

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