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    Chapter 9 - Connecting Utterances To The Background - Word Map

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    aresz
    1. Clefts and passives connect utterances to the background by highlighting elements that are presupposed or accessible in the shared background. 2. Pseudo-clefts and it-clefts highlight a noun phrase to either contrast it with another or specify a missing argument from the context. 3. Passives rearrange the structure of a sentence by interchanging the grammatical subject and object, and present old information after new information to link to the background of the discourse.

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    Chapter 9 - Connecting Utterances To The Background - Word Map

    Uploaded by

    aresz
    46 views1 page
    1. Clefts and passives connect utterances to the background by highlighting elements that are presupposed or accessible in the shared background. 2. Pseudo-clefts and it-clefts highlight a noun phrase to either contrast it with another or specify a missing argument from the context. 3. Passives rearrange the structure of a sentence by interchanging the grammatical subject and object, and present old information after new information to link to the background of the discourse.

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    Chapter 9 - Connecting utterances to the background - Word map

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    1. Clefts and passives connect utterances to the background by highlighting elements that are presupposed or accessible in the shared background. 2. Pseudo-clefts and it-clefts highlight a noun phrase to either contrast it with another or specify a missing argument from the context. 3. Passives rearrange the structure of a sentence by interchanging the grammatical subject and object, and present old information after new information to link to the background of the discourse.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    46 views1 page

    Chapter 9 - Connecting Utterances To The Background - Word Map

    Uploaded by

    aresz
    1. Clefts and passives connect utterances to the background by highlighting elements that are presupposed or accessible in the shared background. 2. Pseudo-clefts and it-clefts highlight a noun phrase to either contrast it with another or specify a missing argument from the context. 3. Passives rearrange the structure of a sentence by interchanging the grammatical subject and object, and present old information after new information to link to the background of the discourse.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    This reference is

    Use of definite article


    constraint: I am refering to
    "the"
    sth. that you know about

    Entities easily accesible in


    the presupposed
    background

    They are not the words


    Definiteness Topic
    themselves

    We can talk about "the brakes" whenever


    "vehicles" belong to the shared background,
    because prototypes vehicles have brakes.

    It invites the addressee to set up a


    Use of indefinite
    representation for a referent, i.e.,
    references
    to start treating it as a topic.

    A wh-clause with an It indicates the


    unspecified argument. presuppositions

    A noun phrase that supplies the


    It carries the new
    Characteristics missing details for the unspecified
    information
    argument in the wh-clause.

    Pseudo-clefts BE is the main verb.

    As responses in a background
    When not to use them that does not fit with their
    presuppositions

    It highlights a noun phrase


    to contrast it with another.
    Connecting utterances to

    Meaning
    "In spite of what you might
    think, the person who [action]
    the background

    was [A], not [B]"

    A clause with an
    It-clefts It is presupposed
    unspecified argument

    A noun phrase that


    specifies the missing
    Clefts and passives argument
    Characteristics

    BE is the main verb

    IT is the grammatical
    subject

    BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
    Structure
    VERB + BY(OP.)

    The argument that appear as


    Characteristics a grammatical subject and
    object are interchanged

    Actives and their


    respective passives are
    syntactic converses
    Passives
    Passives - the addressee is thought to
    Present old information
    know about the object and not about
    ahead of new information
    the natural subject

    English favors the subject Passive - may be used to make the


    Tendencies of English
    slot for references to object an obvious topic, a link with
    regarding passives
    animate beings the background to the discourse

    It is syntactically-located In speech, utterances with one Typical position for this


    intonational prominence doing syllable more prominent than focal stress is near the end
    semantic or pragmatic signalling the others. of a clause.
    Focal stress
    It is for offering new
    information for
    verification

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