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Modul Four Meeting

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Verdy Hermawan
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103 views15 pages

Modul Four Meeting

Uploaded by

Verdy Hermawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ry Oe) Programming / Jobs in ICT reg Port 24 Program design and computer languages iP} PL Sere} 125 ys oo ol aa ied eee eh Biter ener ae cunt (en Mehr to Remus RUE rec en) clos See ER g Moe ee cceaeee Jean and use the basic vocabulary associated with the Java language. talk about your personal experience of using computers. Preece Ceuta uk keen Creu Sei Roe WE cece ee en a Pree eC eats Pee ne EU Ee Ni oe a 24 Program design and computer languages i include idio.h> 1 Programming ts f —— main A oO In pairs, discuss what you think programming is. 1 B Look at the definition of programming in the Ha aed mortal); Glossary. Is it similar to yours? } 2 Steps in programming This C program tells the computer oprint the A Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (ae). message good mornin 1 flowchart 2. source code 3 compiler 4 machine code 5 debugging a Program instructions written in a particular computer language The techniques of detecting and correcting errors (or bugs) which may occur in programs © Adiagram representing the successive logical steps of the program dA special program which converts the source program into machine code - the only language understood by the processor @ The basic instructions understood by computers; it consists of 1s and 0s (binary code) B [BS Listen to Andrea Finch, a software developer, talking to a group of students on a training course about how a program is written and check your answers to A. © BB Listen again and put these steps into the correct order. Write instructions in a programming language Prepare documentation Understand the problem and plan a solution. Make a flowchart of the program Compile the program (to turn it into machine code) OOoO8o0 Test and debug the program D B Listen again and make detailed notes. In pairs, use your notes to write a short explanation of what each step in C means. 120 3 Computer languages A Read the text. How many Computer languages Unfortunately for us, computers can't understand spoken English or any other natural language. The only language they can understand directly is machine code, which consists of 1s and Os (binary code). Machine code is too difficult to write. For this reason, we use symbolic languages to communicate instructions to the computer. For example, assembly languages use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent instructions. The program is then translated into machine code by a piece of software called an assembler. Machine code and assembly languages are called low-level languages because they are closer to the hardware. They are quite complex and restricted to particular machines. To make the programs easier to write, and to overcome the problem of intercommunication between different types of computer, software developers designed high-level languages, which are closer to the English language Here are some examples: = FORTRAN was developed by IBM in 1954 and is still used for scientific and engineering applications. = COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) was developed in 1959 and is mainly used for business applications, m= BASIC was developed in the 1960s and was widely used in microcomputer programming because it was easy to learn, Visual BASIC is a modern version of the old BASIC language, used to build graphical elements such as buttons and windows in Windows programs, m= PASCAL was created in 1971. It is used in universities to teach the fundamentals of programming, m= Cwas developed in the 1980s at AT&IT. Itis used to write system software, graphics and commercial applications. C+ isa version of C which incorporates object-oriented programming: the programmer concentrates on particular things (a piece of text, a graphic or a table, etc.) and gives each object functions which can be altered without changing the entire program. For example, to add a new graphics format, the programmer needs to rework just the graphics object. This makes programs easier to modify. ‘= Java was designed by Sun in 1995 to run on the Web. Java applets provide animation and interactive features on web pages. (See Unit 25) igh-level computer languages are mentioned? Programs written in high-level languages must be translated into machine code by a compiler or an interpreter. A compiler translates the source code into object code - that is it converts the entire program into machine code in one go. On the other hand, an interpreter translates the source code line by line as the program is running, High-level language (BASIC, C, Java, etc) Low-level language ‘Machine code (binary) Its important not to confuse programming languages with markup languages, used to create web documents. Markup languages use instructions, known as markup tags, to format and link text files. Some examples include: = HTML which allows us to describe how information will be displayed on web pages. = XML, which stands for Extensible Markup Language, While HTML uses pre-defined tags, XML enables us to define our own tags; itis not limited by a fixed set of tags. VoiceXML, which makes Web content accessible via voice and phone. VoiceXML is used to create voice applications that run on the phone, whereas HTML is Used to create visual applications (for example, web pages) Andrea Finch < homework> Write a paragraph describing the C language In this XML example we have created two new tags: and Se B Read the text again and answer these questions. Do computers understand human languages? Why? / Why not? What is the function of an assembler? Why did software developers design high-level languages? Which language is used to teach programming techniques? ‘What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? Why are HTML and VoiceXML called markup languages? aunawne Complete these sentences with a computer language from the text. allows us to create our own tags to describe our data better. We aren't constrained bya pre-defined set of tags the way we are with HTML. 2. IBM developed in the 1950s. It was the first high-level language in data processing. sa 3 applets are small programs that run automatically on web pages and let you watch animated characters, play games, etc. 4 is the HTML of the voice web. Instead of using a web browser and a keyboard, you interact with a voice browser by listening to pre-recorded audio output and sending audio input through a telephone. 5. This language is widely used in the business communit NET-PRICE could be used in a program. For example, the statement ADD VAT to 4 Word building Look at the words in the boxes. Are they nouns, verbs or adjectives? Write n, v or adj next to each word. There may be more than one possible answer. Complete the sentences with words from the boxes. program programmers programming programmable is the process of writing a program using a computer language. 2 Acomputer isa set of instructions that tells the computer how to do a specific task. 3 Most computer make a plan of the program before they waite it aa keyboard allows the user to configure the layout and meaning of the keys. compile compiler compilation 5. Programs written in a high-level language require ~ that is, translation into machine code, the language understood by the processor 6 Asource program is converted into machine code by software called a 7 Programmers usually their programs to generate an object program and diagnose possible errors. bug debug debugger debugging 8 Anyerror or malfunction of a computer program is known as a 9A isa program used to test and other programs, 10 The process of going through the code to identify the cause of errors and fixing them is called spy) Language work: the infinitive A Look at the HELP box and then make sentences using these prompts. 1 not easy / write instructions inc ItSnoteasy to COBOL. 2 expensive / set up a data-processing area 3. advisable / test the programs under different conditions 4 unusual / write a program that works correctly the first time it's tested 5 important / use a good debugger to fix errors 6 easy /learn Visual BASIC B Choose the correct words (a-c) to complete these sentences. 1 We use high-level languages because machine code is too difficult understand and debug. roo The infinitive The infinitive with tos used in the following ways: © Toexpress purpose We use symbolic languages to communicate structions to the computer. inorder to communicate ...) Not: for to communicate After adjectives BASIC was widely used in the past because it was easy to learn. Machine code is too difficult to write (=not easy enough to write) After certain verbs (e.9. afford, demand. plan, agree, expect, promise, appear, hope, refuse, arrange, learn, try, decide, manage) Alot of companies are now trying to develop voice applications for web access. After the object of certain verbs (e.g. advise, encourage, allow, expect, tell, ask, invite want, enable, order, warn) HTML allows us to describe how in will be displayed on web pages. nation The bare infinitive (without fo) is used in the following ways: @ After modal verbs (eg. can, could, may, might, will, would, must, should) Unfortunately, computers can’t understand spoken English level languages must be transiated into machine code. After the object with the verbs make and let Programs make computers perform specific tasks. more slowly, aread breading ¢ toread 2 | went on the course how to be a better programmer. alearn b tolearn ¢ fortolearn 3) Imnot interested in that computer language. a learn b learning ¢ tolearn 4 He refuses the project with me. ado bdoing c todo 5 The engineers warned the employees not the cables. a touch b touching ¢ totouch | @ 6 They maynot tothe conference. a come b coming € tocome 7 Spyware can make your PC a perform —b performing € to perform 8 This programis too slow ado b todo € fordoing the simulation. go In pairs, discuss something an't afford to buy att auawna Visual BASIC and VoiceXML A Work in pairs. Student A reads about Visual BASIC, Student B reads about VoiceXML. Try not to look at your partner's text. Complete your part of the table. Visual BASIC was developed by Microsoft in 1990. The name BASIC stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The adjective Visual refers to the technique used to create a graphical user interface. Instead of writing lot of instructions to describe interface lements, you just add pre-defined objects such as buttons, icons and dialog enables programm Windows applications. o create a variety of Visual BASIC VoiceXML (Extensible Markup Language) was created in 2000 to make web content accessible via the telephone. For input, it uses voice recognition. For output, it uses pre recorded audio content and text-to-speect Applications ‘© voice portals, where you can hear information about sports, news, traffic, etc © voice-enabled intranets (private networks) voice e-commerce home appliances controlled by voice [VoiceXML 8 EA] Ask your partner about the other language and complete the table. Unit 25 Java 1 Java applets A Match the examples of Java programs, known as applets, (ae) with the descriptions (1-5). 1 This Land Rover applet allows you to change the look of the vehicle. 2. The Pythagoras theorem applet gives the proof of the Pythagorean theorem without words. It allows you to manipulate triangles and go through the steps of the geometrical proof. 3. The Jman for Java applet permits medical researchers to view sequential MAI (Magnetic Resonance Images) of the brain. 4. Ananalogue clock applet displays the time accordin set the colours and style of the hands and numbers 5 Abanner appl to the web user's computer and lets you splays graphic images on websites in order to advertise products or services a e WEBelechniques, earn Java { d B Match the terms (1-5) with the definitions (a-e). 1 Java ( 2 applet 3 pl in 4 platform-independent 5 object-oriented programming ( aan auxliary program that enables web browsers to support <> new content, for example animation —_ . software that can run on any operating system — | © anisland in Indonesia, coffee (in American slang), and a

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