Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

11
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

LESSON TITLE:
Nature, Elements, Process and Functions
of Communication

Name of Teacher –Writer: KRISTEL E. GANADO

School: TAGUDIN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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Hello there! It’s about time to spend your time learning at home with this informative
and purposive learning kit emphasizing the WORLD OF ORAL COMMUNICATION. This first
learning kit will serve as a strong foundation for all the tasks ahead. Therefore, you will first
learn its definition, nature, elements and functions.

You will be directed by its specific parts where a step-by-step learning procedure is
highly organized. First, you have to look at the learning competencies to be covered which
summarize your targeted goals in this learning session. Second, a simple review or
motivational activity is adhered as a starting point of bringing you to a more complex yet
fulfilling gain of knowledge and skill. Third, short discussion is included for a better
understanding, and is accompanied with fourth, specific examples. Practicing what you have
explored through exercises is the fifth one, and comes the sixth and seventh where
generalization and application are stressed. Finally, the eighth, an assessment is made for
you to check if you have mastered the lesson well.

For a very important reminder, you should have your own Activity Notebook in Oral
Communication in Context. All the activities should be answered in your notebook. Please
do not write anything in this learning kit.

So, are you excited to experience the new normal learning process? Always
remember, learning comes from within. Therefore, motivate yourself to learn more and more.
Here is the learning kit for you to be redirected to the value of education.

Stay at home, stay safe and stay focused!

Most Essential Learning Competency 1: Explains the

functions, nature and process of communication
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. define communication; EN11/12OC-Ia-1
2. explain the nature and process of communication;
EN11/12OC-Ia-2
3. apply the process of communication; and
4. discuss the functions of communication.
EN11/12OC-Ibe-8

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 MOTIVATION

Communicate with me!

A comic about coronavirus is flashed below as a main
reference for you to answer the processing questions under it.
Are you ready? Here it is.

DIRECTIONS: Provided below is an interactive comic about coronavirus. Answer

briefly the questions that follow based on your observations.

Source: https://alliancecpha.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/covid19_comic_p2_english.png?file=1&type=node&id=37908

1. Who do you think can be the possible speaker in the comic?

2. What about the receivers of the message, who do you think they are?
3. How did the speaker summarize his/her message? What did he/she say?
4. Is there an exchange of thought between the speaker and the receivers?
How?
5. If you are the receiver, what and how are you going to respond with the
speaker’s message?

Now based on the given scenario, in your own words, define

COMMUNICATION.

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 DISCUSSION

Based on the Warm-Up Activity, a single representation of how

communication works is emphasized. As Paul Watzlawick
explained, “One cannot not communicate” which means that
we, as humans, communicate as soon as we perceive one
another. So let us move on to this journey together as we
discuss the world of COMMUNICATION – its definition,
nature, elements, process and functions.

Lesson 1: Definition of Communication

Communication is derived from the Latin word communis, which means “to
share,” that is, to share ideas, concepts, feelings, and emotions, among other
shareable values. – Scribd.com
There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication can
be manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group
discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter correspondence, a class recitation, and
many others. Now, remember that communication is not exclusive for two people only;
instead, it is also for group such as group of friends, relatives, churchmates,
classmates and all other people we might communicate with. You may also
communicate with your pets, right?
You have to realize that you live each day with the presence of communication.
For example, when you wake up in the morning, what do you usually do first? Do you
pray? What is the usual content of your prayer? When you thank Him, or ask for your
own petitions to be granted, and even ask for forgiveness, you are applying the
process of communication.

Lesson 2: Nature of Communication

To capture it clearly, you must understand the three natures of communication.

1. Communication 2. Communication 3. Communication can be

is a process. It occurs between two expressed through written or
includes a step by or more people. It spoken words, actions
step procedure to involves the (nonverbal), or both spoken words
convey messages. presence of a sender and nonverbal actions at the same
and receiver of time. It means that we can
message. communicate in many ways, not only
through speaking but also through
writing, and suggesting actions or
gestures.

Now, to help you understand the mechanics or process of communication, let

us look on its elements.

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Lesson 3: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION – (Waguey, 2017)
1. Sender This refers to the person who intends to convey the message with
the intention of passing information and ideas to others.
2. Message/ This refers to the subject matter of the communication. This may be
Idea an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.

3. Encoding It is the process of converting the message into words, actions,

pictures or other forms that the speaker understands.
4. Channel It is the method or medium by which the communication travels from
source or sender to receiver. A channel could be the paper on which
words are written, the Internet acting in the client-server model,
PowerPoint, or this learning kit that is allowing you to read these
words right now. Channels of communication exist in two types:

Personal channels involve Non-personal channels are

direct interpersonal contact those which carry a message
with target individuals or transmitted to many individuals
groups. For example, a at one time without involving
salesperson serves as a interpersonal contact between
personal channel of sender and receiver. It can be
communication when categorized to print and
delivering a sales presentation. broadcast media.
5. Receiver This refers to the person who receives the message or for whom the
message is meant for. This also refers to the one who tries to
understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving
the desired objectives.
6. Decoding It refers to the process of interpreting the encoded message of the
speaker by the receiver.
7. Feedback This refers to the process of ensuring that the receiver has received
the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant
it. This also refers to the reactions, responses, or information
provided by the receiver.
8. Context This refers to the setting in which communication takes place. It
helps establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it
is said. There are four aspects of context according to DeVito
(2005).
Physical Context refers to the Cultural Context refers to the
concrete environment It can be values, beliefs, lifestyles, and
a sporting event, place of behaviors of a group of people.
worship, or restaurant.
Social-psychological Temporal Context is the
involves the norms of the group positioning of a message within
in a situation, including the a sequence of conversational
intimacy or formality level events.
among speakers.
9. Barrier/ In other books, they include “barrier” or “noise” as the 9th element of
Noise communication. Barrier talks about the factors that affect the flow of
communication.

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 Let us put all these components together to build a communication process that
shows the steps we take to achieve a successful communication.

Channel

LEARNTECH IT: The Communication Process,

https://learntechit.com/the-process-of-communication/

To explain the process of communication in the diagram, the sender as the

source of the message will generate an idea where she encodes in his/her mind what
he/she wants to say through either in a personal or nonpersonal channel. After the
message has been sent, the receiver shall now interpret the message, and that is the
process of decoding. Now that the receiver has interpreted the message, he/she will
now give his/her feedback, and in between the conversation, there might be some
noises or barriers to effective communication.

Lesson 4: Functions of Communication

Communication functions refer to how people use language for different
purposes which also refers to how language is affected by different time, place, and
situation used to control the behavior of people and to regulate the nature and amount
of activities people engage in.

Five Functions of Oral Communication – oralcom.wordpress.com

Function Definition Examples
1. Regulation It is a function Doctors’ prescription: “Take your medicine 3
/Control used to control times a day.”
one’s behavior Parents’ instruction to their child: “Wash the
dishes now, or else I won’t allow you to go to
the party later.”
Friends giving advice on what to do: “Move
on. He doesn’t love you anymore.”
2. Social It is used to Marriage Proposal: “Will you marry me?”
Interaction produce social Invitation: “Would you like some coffee, tea,
relationships or me?”
and to develop
bonds,
intimacy,
relations;
3. Motivation This function is Encouragement: “You can do it.”
used to
motivate or to
encourage

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 people to live
better
4. Information This function is Giving information: “Did you know that
used to convey there’s a secret apartment at the top of the
information. Eiffel tower?”
5. Emotional It facilitates Appreciation: “I’m so glad that you came into
Expression people’s my life.”
expression of Expressing one’s ambition: “I want to finish
their feelings up my studies with good grades to be
and emotions. accepted in a good university.”
Expressing a need: “I need you in my life.”
Expressing prayers: “We pray for those who
suffered a broken heart from their crush.”

The communication process talks about the steps you

take in order to achieve a successful communication. Thus,
look at this example that shows how we process
communication.

Scenario: A teacher teaching her students on the Process of

Communication

Teacher: The Process of Communication…Do you have any question?

Student: Ma’am, what if the receiver did not reply? Is it okay?

With that simple conversation between the teacher and student, we can see
how they have applied the process of communication: Teacher as the sender and
student as the receiver. Do you think that the message encoded and sent by the
speaker was clearly decoded by the receiver? Based on the student’s feedback,
he/she was able to understand the message of the teacher. How about the channel
used? It was through personal in a form of a lecture. Remember as well the 8th element
of communication which is the context, which describes the environment where
communication takes place. In this case, the context is in the classroom. However,
barrier of communication is not included here. Look at how the diagram below was
made to show you how it was applied.

ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING

SENDER RECEIVER
The Process of Oh, I get it
I want my
Communication
Teacher students to …Do you have
now.
Student
But I want to
learn the any question? ask a question
process of
communication

CHANNEL: Lecture
Ma’am, what if the
receiver did not
reply? Is it okay?

CONTEXT:
FEEDBACK Physical-Classroom
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 ACTIVITIES

It is time to exercise your mind through these three various types

of activity which concentrate on the world of COMMUNICATION.

I. Identification
Directions: Identify what is asked in each item.
1. Communication is derived from the Latin word communis, which means?
2. It refers to the one who replies the transmitted message.
3. This is the medium or way of communication, like how the message was
sent.
4. These are the factors that affect the flow of communication.
5. It is the content of the sender’s idea.

II. Modified True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. On the other hand,
take the part that makes the statement wrong and write the correct
answer.
1. Communication takes place through the initiation of the
sender or the speaker.
2. Communication can be expressed verbally and nonverbally.
3. The first nature of communication is telling us that
communication is not a process.
4. Encoding is the process of interpreting the message.
5. Another term for feedback is response.

III. Filipino Movie: Hugot Mode

Directions: Look at the picture, internalize their conversation and
answer the questions that follow.
One More Chance (2007) – Popoy and Basha

Source: https://twitter.com/cstabscbnmnl/status/668286746904260608

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 1. Who is the sender? What about the receiver?

2. Describe the context of the communication.

3. What specific channel of communication is applied?

4. Give an example of feedback presented by the receiver.

5. Was their communication effective? How? What can you say about their
facial expressions? Were they of great help to make it more effective?

Communication means to share your thoughts and ideas

through following its process which contains the elements
together with the functions that result to an effective
communication.

Think of a rare and probably the most unexpected

conversation you had with someone, and try to describe
briefly how was the process of your communication. Write first
a sample of your conversation, then identify what elements of
communication were present for you to be able to describe
the process. Please refer to the process and elements
discussed above.
Write your answer in your activity notebook. You will
be graded according to these criteria:
Clarity – 10 points
Flow of Discussion – 10 points
Understanding of the lesson – 10 points

Activity 1: Identifying the Functions of Communication

DIRECTIONS: The following are instances or situations that show the different
functions of communication. Determine the function of communication presented in
each situation. Choices are provided in the box. Write the letter ONLY of your answer.

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 A. CONTROL B. EMOTIONAL C. INFORMATION D. MOTIVATION E. SOCIAL
EXPRESSION INTERACTION

1. Karla tries to motivate her friends to hang out in the mall.

2. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a complicated life.
4. The members of the English Club are busy planning for the upcoming English Month
celebration.
5. Mrs. June Racca, the school principal, announced the schedule of the First
Periodical Examination.
6. Ka Tonying, a TV reporter of ABS-CBN, reported about sad flight of Filipino workers
in Saudi Arabia.
7. Karina bursts into tears while she watches the very moving episode of the drama
anthology “Maalaala Mo Kaya”.
8. Kuya Kim Atienza, the weather forecaster, tracks the path of the low-pressure area
(LPA) which might turn into a typhoon.
9. Marinna almost crumpled her face as she talks to Mario because she can no longer
hold her anger.
10. The teacher reprimands the student after confiscating his/her cell phone.

Activity 2: Applying the Process of Communication

DIRECTIONS: Given the conversation below, apply the process of
communication by creating a diagram just like how it was done in the previous
example. Use the pattern given after it.

The patient went to the hospital for check-up.

Doctor: What is bothering you?
Patient: I have chest pain.
Doctor: How long have you been feeling the pain?
Patient: I have been feeling pain for approximately 10 minutes.

ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING

SENDER RECEIVER

Channel:

CONTEXT:
FEEDBACK

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Activity 3: Writing an Essay
Directions: In a world where change is constant, we are all after peace.
Effective communication can help people resolve conflicts without violence, and can
work together to improve the quality of lives. For that, write an essay discussing the
importance of communication to instill peace among individuals after learning its
definition, nature, process and functions. Your essay must have at least 3 paragraphs.
Consider the Rubrics below.

RUBRICS FOR WRITING AN ESSAY

Criteria 4-Expert 3-Advanced 2-Intermediate 1-Beginner

Ideas The ideas The ideas The ideas The ideas

presented in the presented in the presented in the presented in the
essay are essay are thought essay are essay are not
completely out but not considered but fully considered
thought out and completely not elaborated. and not
well elaborated. elaborated. elaborated.

The development The development The development The development

of the idea is of the idea is not of the idea is not of the idea is
thorough and entirely complete entirely complete incomplete and
logical. but generally and not entirely not logical.
logical. logical.

Organization The essay clearly The essay implies The essay The essay shows
states a position a position about suggests a no position about
about the topic. the topic. position about the the topic.
topic, but is too
vague.

The transition The transition The transition The transition

provides provides from point to from point to point
seamless progression from point is is rarely used.
progression from point to point. inconsistently
point to point. used.

Voice The writer’s voice The writer’s voice The writer’s voice The writer’s voice
is clear, is somewhat is generally is not consistent.
consistent, and consistent inconsistent.
effective throughout the
throughout the essay.
essay.

Word Choice The essay The choices of The choices of The choices of
and Sentence displays great words reflect words reflect words are
Fluency precision and thought but are thought but are generally
accuracy in word not always often inaccurate. inaccurate.
choices. precise or
accurate.

Sentences and There is an effort Sentences and Sentences and

paragraphs flow made to show paragraphs may paragraphs do
smooth flow of not flow together. not flow together.

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 smoothly the sentences
together. and paragraphs,
but is not always
effective.

Grammar, The essay The essay The essay The essay

Mechanics, and contains no contains some contains errors in contains
Spelling errors in English errors in usage or usage or numerous errors
usage or grammar, but not grammar that in usage or
grammar. enough to impede may impede grammar, thus
understanding. understanding at impeding
times. understanding.
Source: Oral Communication Textbook for Senior High School

DeVito.2005.https://humancommkj.weebly.com/context.html#:~:text=Context%20refe
rs%20to%20the%20setting,temporal%20(DeVito%2C%202005).
LEARNTECH IT: The Communication Process, https://learntechit.com/the-process-
of-communication/
Oral Communication in Context, Functions of Communication,
https://www.google.com/amp/s/oralcom.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/functions-of-
communication/amp/

Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo & Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. 2016. “Rubrics for
writing an Essay.” Oral Communication in Context Textbook For Senior High
School. Department of Education.

Waguey, Loreto B. 2017. “Nature and Process of Communication.” DMMMSU-SLUC

College of Arts and Sciences, Languages Department
"What is the Communication Process? - Definition & Steps." Study.com. February
16, 2014. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-communication-
process-definition-steps.html.
https://alliancecpha.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/covid-
19_comic_p2_english.png?file=1&type=node&id=37908
https://twitter.com/cstabscbnmnl/status/668286746904260608

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Key Answers
Motivation
1.a Doctor
2.children
3.The Doctor gave some pieces of advice: Be careful, be good, be kind and WASH YOUR HAND.
4. Yes, there was an exchange of thought through the receivers’ reactions.
5. I will respond to the sender by applying his/her pieces of advice.
6. For me, communication is about expressing your thoughts and ideas with others.
Exercises
I.Identification
1.to share
2.receiver
3.channel
4.barriers of communication
5. message
II.Modified True or False
1.True
2.True
3.False – is a process
4.False – decoding
5. True
III.Hugot Mode
1.Basha and Popoy
2.In a dark street which makes the scene more emotional
3.In a form of a dialogue
4. “and you chose to break my heart”
5. Yes, because they clearly exchanged their thoughts and feelings to the point that the audience are surely
able to comprehend.
Application
Sample Answer: There was a time when my friend and I were planning for the next short road trip. From our
conversation, the process of communication was performed, only that we just kept on talking, like we acted
both as the senders.
Assessment
Activity 1
1.D, 2.A., 3.D, 4.E, 5.C., 6.C., 7.B, 8.C.
Activity 2
1. Doctor – sender
2. Patient – receiver
3. What is bothering you? – message
4. I have chest pain. – feedback
Activity 3
CHANNEL: Consultation
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Activity 4: Essay
Oral Communication is the process of expressing thoughts and feelings to other people. This focuses
on the way we accomplish things through speaking.
The nature and process of communication go hand in hand to achieve an effective communication.
Awareness and understanding are the key to take these into practice.
Therefore, good communication is achieved when these acquired lessons are applied.