DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH

COMPUTER PRACTICAL FILE

BY ANDREA THOMAS
GRADE 12 A
2019 - 2020

DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL

1
 SHARJAH

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

CERTIFICATE
CERTIFIED THAT THE WORK IN THIS FILE IS THE
BONAFIDE WORK OF__________________OF CLASS
XII ____ ROLL NUMBER ______________ RECORDED
IN THE SCHOOL LABORATORY DURING THE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020.
DATE:___________

_________________ _________________
TEACHER IN CHARGE EXTERNAL
EXAMINER

2
 INDEX
S. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1 REVISION OF C++ 4
2 STRUCTURED QUERY 31
LANGUAGE
3 CLASSES AND OBJECTS 48
4 FUNTION OVERLOADING 74
AND CONSTRUCTORS AND
DESTRUCTORS
5 FILE HANDLING 82
6 ARRAYS 104
7 STACKS, QUEUES AND 119
LINKED LISTS

REVISION OF C++

3
 1. Write a menu driven program using functions to do the following:-
 Sum of prime numbers from 2 to N
 Sum of first N prime numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void sumone(int &m)

int s=0, f=0;

for(int i=2;i<=m;i++)

f=0;

for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)

if(i%j==0)

f++;

4
 }

if(f==2)

s=s+i;

cout<<"The sum of prime numbers from 2 to "<<m<<" is "<<s<<"\n";

void sumtwo(int &l)

int s=0,f=0, c=0;

for(int i=2;;i++)

f=0;

for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)

if(i%j==0)

f++;

if(f==2)

s=s+i;

c++;

if(c==l)

5
 break;

cout<<"The sum of first "<<l<<" prime numbers is "<<s<<"\n";

void main()

int n, ch;

char ans;

cout<<"Enter value for N : ";

cin>>n; cout<<"\n";

do{

cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Displaying menu;-\n";

cout<<"\t Enter 1 to find sum of prime numbers from 2 to "<<n<<".\n";

cout<<"\t Enter 2 to find sum of first "<<n<<" prime numbers.\n";

cout<<"Enter Choice : ";

cin>>ch; cout<<"\n";

switch(ch)

case 1:

sumone(n);

break;

case 2:

6
 sumtwo(n);

break;

default:

cout<<"Enter valid choice\n";

break;

cout<<"\nContinue? Enter y or n : ";

cin>>ans;

}while(ans=='y');

getch();

2. Write a program in C++ to accept a 1 – D array of type int with N number of elements,
write separate functions for the following ;-
 To print the count of Armstrong numbers in the array
 To return the count of numbers which are palindromes
 To print the factorial of the smallest number in the array
 To print the sum of all the multiples of 5
 To shift all the even numbers to the left and odd numbers to the right

#include<iostream.h>

7
#include<conio.h>

void armstrong(int n, int a[])

int l,c=0,r,s=0;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

s=0;

l=a[i];

while(l>0)

r=l%10;

s=s+r*r*r;

l=l/10;

if(s==a[i])

c++;

cout<<"The number of armstrong numbers are "<<c<<"\n";

void palin(int n, int a[])

int l,c=0,r,s=0;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

8
 {

s=0;

l=a[i];

while(l>0)

r=l%10;

s=s*10+r;

l=l/10;

if(s==a[i])

c++;

cout<<"The number of palindromes are "<<c<<"\n";

void factorial(int n, int a[])

int f=1, small=25382, c=0;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

if(a[i]<small)

small=a[i];

for(int i=1;i<=small;i++)

9
 {

f=f*i;

cout<<"Factorial of smallest element of array is "<<f<<"\n";

void multiples(int n, int a[])

int s=0;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

if(a[i]%5==0)

s=s+a[i];

cout<<"The sum of all multiples of 5 is "<<s<<"\n";

void swap(int n, int a[])

int j=-1, temp;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

if(a[i]%2==0)

j++;

10
 temp=a[i];

a[i]=a[j];

a[j]=temp;

cout<<"Displaying new array ; \n";

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<" ";

void main()

int n, ch, a[30];

char ans;

cout<<"Enter value for N : ";

cin>>n; cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Enter values of array\n";

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

cin>>a[i];

do{

cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Displaying menu;-\n";

cout<<"\t Enter 1 to print the count of Armstrong numbers in the array \n";

cout<<"\t Enter 2 To return the count of numbers which are palindromes \n";

11
cout<<"\t Enter 3 To print the factorial of the smallest number in the array \n";

cout<<"\t Enter 4 To print the sum of all the multiples of 5 \n";

cout<<"\t Enter 5 To shift all the even numbers to the left and odd numbers to the right \n";

cout<<"Enter Choice : ";

cin>>ch; cout<<"\n";

switch(ch)

case 1:

armstrong(n,a);

break;

case 2:

palin(n,a);

break;

case 3:

factorial(n,a);

break;

case 4:

multiples(n,a);

break;

case 5:

swap(n,a);

break;

default:

12
 cout<<"Enter valid choice\n";

break;

cout<<"\nContinue? Enter y or n : ";

cin>>ans;

}while(ans=='y');

getch();

3. Write a menu driven program to perform the following operations on a 1D integer

array (using functions)
 Linear search
 Reverse the array

13
  Swap the first half of the array with the second half, i.e. the first element
should be swapped with the middle value and so on.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void linearsearch(int n, int a[])

int num, i, pos;

char found='n';

cout<<"Enter the number to be searched for : ";

cin>>num; cout<<"\n";

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

if(num==a[i])

pos=i+1;

cout<<"number found at "<<pos<<" position";

found='y';

break;

if(found=='n')

cout<<"The number is not found\n";

14
void reverse(int n, int a[])

int i,j,temp;

for(i=0,j=n-1;i<n/2;i++,j--)

temp=a[i];

a[i]=a[j];

a[j]=temp;

cout<<"Displaying reversed array : \n";

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

cout<<a[j]<<" ";

void swap(int n, int a[])

int t,j,i;

if(n%2==0)

j=n/2;

else

j=n/2+1;

for(i=0;i<n/2;i++,j++)

15
{

t=a[i];

a[i]=a[j];

a[j]=t;

cout<<"Displaying new array\n";

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<" ";

void main()

int n, ch, a[30];

char ans;

cout<<"Enter value for N : ";

cin>>n; cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Enter values of array\n";

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Displaying menu;-\n";

cout<<"\t Enter 1 to do Linear search \n";

cout<<"\t Enter 2 To reverse the array \n";

cout<<"\t Enter 3 to swap the first half of the array with the second half, i.e. the first element

16
should be swapped with the middle value and so on. \n";

do{

cout<<"Enter Choice : ";

cin>>ch; cout<<"\n";

switch(ch)

case 1:

linearsearch(n,a);

break;

case 2:

reverse(n,a);

break;

case 3:

swap(n,a);

break;

default:

cout<<"Enter valid choice\n";

break;

cout<<"\nContinue? Enter y or n : ";

cin>>ans;

}while(ans=='y');

getch();

17
 }

4. WAF to find the sum of digits of an entered number.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int sum(int);
int a;
cout<<"enter a\n";
cin>>a;
cout<<sum(a);
getch();
}
int sum(int a)
{
int r;
int s=0;
while(a>0)
{
r=a%10;
s=s+r;
a=a/10;
}
return s;

18
getch();
}

5. WAF to check if the entered number is prime or not. If the number is prime, return 1
else return 0.Place the function after the main. Write the prototype as well.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
int prime(int a);
cout<<"enter a\n";
cin>>a;
cout<<prime(a);
getch();
}
int prime(int &x)
{
int i, count=0;
for(i=1;i<=x; i++)
{
if(x % i==0)
count++;
}
if(count==2)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

19
6. Write a program to input radius of a circle and calculate circumference, diameter and area
of circle. User defined functions should be used to do the calculations.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
float circumference(float);
float diameter(float);
float area(float);
void main()
{
float r, circum;
float dia, ar;
cout<<”Enter radius”;
cin>>r;
circum=circumference( r);
cout<<”circumference”<<circum;
dia=diameter(r);
cout<<”diameter”<<dia;
ar=area(r);
cout<<”area”<<ar;
getch();
}
float circumference(float rad)
{
int cir=0;
cir=2*rad;
return cir;
}
float diameter(float rad)
{
float d;
d=2*3.14* rad;
return d;
}

20
float area(float rad)
{
float a;
a=3.14*rad*rad;
return a;
}

7.Write a function to pattern. Accept n from user.

*
**
***
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void pattern(int n)
{
int i, j;
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<i; j++)
cout<<”*”;
cout<<”\n”;
}
}
void main()
{
cout<<”how many rows\n”;
int n;
cin>>n;
pattern(n);
getch();
}

21
8. Write a program using user defined function to calculate sum of the series-
-2x2/3! + 4x4/5! -…………2nx 2n/(2n+1)!. The function should accept x and n as parameters
and return the sum.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fact(int);
double sumseries(int, int);
void main()
{
int x1,n1;
double sum=0;
cout<<”Enter value for x and n”;
cin>>x1>>n1;
sum=sumseries(x1,n1);
cout<<”sum of series”<<sum;
getch();
}
double sumseries(int x, int n)
{
double s=0;
int i, t=-1;
for(i=2;i<=n;i+=2)
{
s=s + (t*i*(double)pow(x, i))/fact(i+1);
t=t*(-1);
}
return s;
}
int fact(int n3)
{
int i, f=1;
for(i=1;i<=n3;i++)
f=f*i;

22
 return f;
}

9. Write a menu driven program using user defined functions to do the following operations :
- Display multiplication table
- Calculate factorial of a number
- Calculate divisors of a number. Call by reference
- Calculate reverse of a number(return type long)
- To check if a number is prime or not. Return ‘y’ if prime and ‘n’ if not prime.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void mult(int);
long fact(int);
void divisor(int);
long reverse(int);
char checkprime(int);
void main()
{
int ch, n;
long res;
char sol;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"Enter the number ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"1:Display multiplication table\n";
cout<<"2:Calculate factorial of a number\n";
cout<<"3:Calculate reverse of a number\n";
cout<<"4:To check if a number is prime or not\n";
cout<<"5:Calculate divisors of a number\n";
cout<<"Enter choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{

23
 case 1: mult(n);
break;
case 2: res=fact(n);
cout<<"\nResult = "<<res<<"\n";
break;
case 3: res=reverse(n);
cout<<"\nreversed no = "<<res<<"\n";
break;
case 4: sol=checkprime(n);
if(sol=='y')
cout<<"\nThe number is a prime no\n";
else
cout<<"\nThe number is not prime\n";
break;
case 5: divisor(n);
break;
}
cout<<"Want to continue\n";
cin>>ans;
}while(ans=='y' || ans=='Y');
getch();
}
void mult(int num)
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
cout<<num<<'*'<<i<<'='<<num*i<<'\n';
}
}
long fact(int num)
{
int i;
long f=1;
for(i=1;i<=num; i++)
f=f*i;
return f;
}
void divisor(int num)
{

24
 int i;
cout<<" The divisors are - ";
for(i=2;i<num; i++)
if(num % i==0)
cout<<i<<' '<<"\n";
}
long reverse(int num)
{
long r=0;
int v;
while(num>0)
{
v=num%10;
r=r*10 + v;
num=num/10;
}
return r;
}
char checkprime(int num)
{
int i, f = 1;
if (num==0 || num==1)
return 'n';
for (i=2; i<num; i++)
{
if(num % i==0)
{
f=0;
break;
}
}
if(f==0)
return 'n';
else
return 'y';
}

25
26
10.Define a function Bintodec() which will take a long integer (in binary format) as parameter
and will return equivalent Decimal of long data type.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
long bintodec(long bnum)
{
long dnum=0;
int r, ctr=0;
while(bnum !=0)
{
r=bnum%2;
dnum+=r*pow(2,ctr);
ctr++;
bnum/=10;
}
cout<<"\ndecimal number: "<<dnum;
}
void main()
{
int num;
cout<<"Enter number\n";

27
 cin>>num;
bintodec(num);
getch();
}

11. Write a program to input value in seconds and convert to its equivalent hours, minutes
and seconds using call by reference.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void convert(int &s)
{
int h, m;
h=s/3600;
s=s%3600;
m=s/60;
s=s%60;
cout<<"hours: "<<h<<"\nminutes: "<<m<<"\nseconds: "<<s;
}
void main()
{
int s1;
cout<<"Enter time in seconds\n";
cin>>s1;
convert(s1);
getch();
}

28
29
SQL

30
WORKSHEET 1:

RELATION : STUDENT1
Rollno Name Stipend Stream Avgmarks Grade Class

1 Karan 400 Medical 78 B 12

2 Divakar 450 Commerce 45 D 11

3 Anil 399 Humanities 67 C 11

4 Vikas 500 Commerce 74 B 12

5 Manu 650 Medical 89 A 11

11 Dhruv 1200 Medical 99 A 12

CREATE TABLE STUDENT1(Rollno int(5),Name varchar(20),Stipend int(5),Stream

varchar(20),Avgmarks int(5),Grade char(1),Class int(2));

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(1,'Karan',400,'Medical',78,'B',12);

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(2,'Divakar',450,'Commerce',45,'D',11);

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(3,'Anil',399,'Humanities',67,'c',11);

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(4,'Vikas',500,'Commerce',74,'B',12);

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(5,'Manu',650,'Medical',89,'A',11);

INSERT INTO STUDENT1 VALUES(6,'Dhruv',1200,'Medical',99,'A',12);

31
QUERIES;

Q1. Display list of all commerce streamed students from the table.

Ans; SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE Stream='Commerce';

Q2. Display names of students who are in class 12 sorted by stipend in ascending order.

SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE Class=12 order by Stipend;

Q3.Display details of students in the descending order of their Avgmarks and if two
students have the same Avgmarks, display in the ascending order of their class.

SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 ORDER BY Avgmarks DESC, Class;

Q4. Display name, stream and stipend received in a year assuming stipend is paid every
month.

SELECT Name,Stream,Stipend*12 FROM STUDENT1 ;

32
Q5. Display details of students whose name starts from ‘V’.

Ans; SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE Name like'V%’;

Q6.Display Names that contain ‘a’ or ‘u’.

Ans; SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE Name like'%a%' or '%u%’;

SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE Stream='Medical' ;

33
Worksheet 2

Relation : PREPAID3

NO Cname Model Act_Date Validity MSP Amount

1 Sita Nokia 2012/12/1 365 Airtel 3300

3

2 Ramesh Nokia 2012/11/1 60 JIO 890

5

3 Reena Samsung 2015/3/4 180 Idea 560

4 Meethali LG 2015/10/2 30 Airtel 600

9

5 Ramanuj Sony 2011/05/3 90 Relianc 900

0 e

6 Karan LG 2011/09/1 60 Idea 300

8

CREATE TABLE PREPAID3(NO INT(3), cname varchar(20), model varchar(20), act_date date,
validity int(4), msp varchar(20), amount int(9));

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(1, “Sita “, “Nokia “,”2012-12-13”,365, “Airtel “, 3300);

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(2, “Ramesh “, “Nokia “, “2012/11/15”,60, “JIO “, 890);

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(3, “Reena “, “SAMSUNG “, “2015/03/04”,180, “IDEA “, 560);

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(4, “Meethali“, “LG “,”2015/10/29”,30, “AIRTEL“, 600);

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(5, “Ramanuj“, “Sony “,”2011/05/30”,90, “RELIANCE “, 900);

INSERT INTO PREPAID3 VALUES(6, “Karan“, “LG “, “2011/09/18”,60, “IDEA “, 300);

34
1) To display Cname and Amount of customers having “Nokia” model and “Hutch” MSP.

Select cname,amount from prepaid where model=”nokia” and msp=”hutch”;

2) To display the different types of MSP available.

select distinct msp from prepaid3;

3) To display the sum of validity for each type of MSP.

select sum(validity) from prepaid3 group by MSP;

4) To modify the record of LG Clients by increasing the amount by 100 and validity by 20

days.

update prepaid3 set amount=amount+100,validity=validity+20 where model=”lg”;

5) To display the records in order of MSP and model in descending order.

select * from prepaid3 order by msp,model desc;

6) To delete the record of Reena.

delete from prepaid3 where cname=”reena”;

Worksheet 3

35
Relation: INSURANCE
Company Type Years Name Coverage

CUF Car 15 Care Safe 80000

LIT Life 40 Insured Life 200000

policy

HC House 25 House Secure 550000

Policy

URFree Life 35 Life insurance 750000

Care Child 25 Future Child 500000

CREATE TABLE INSURANCE(company varchar(20), type varchar(10), years int(3), name

varchar(20), coverage int(9));

INSERT INTO INSURANCE VALUES(“CUF”,”Car”,15,”Care Safe”,80000);

INSERT INTO INSURANCE VALUES(“LIT”,”Life”,40,”Insured Life Policy”,200000);

INSERT INTO INSURANCE VALUES(“HC”,”House”,25,”House Secure Policy”,550000);

INSERT INTO INSURANCE VALUES(“URFree”,”Life”,35,”Life Insurance”,750000);

INSERT INTO INSURANCE VALUES(“Care”,”Child”,25,”Future Child”,500000);

1. Give the name and type of all companies whose coverage is more than 100000 but

36
less than 700000.

select name, type from insurance where coverage>100000 and coverage<700000;

2. List the name, company and years of all those whose type is life and years are more
than 20.

select name, company, years from insurance where type=”life” and years>20;

3. List the different types of policies.

select distinct type from insurance;

4. Calculate the average coverage of each type of policy.

select avg(coverage) from insurance group by type;

37
5. List the name in descending order of coverage.

select name from insurance order by coverage desc;

6. Display the sum and average of coverage on the basis of type.

select sum(coverage), avg(coverage) from insurance group by type;

7. Display the details of all companies whose insurance years range from 20 to 30

years.

select * from insurance where years between 20 and 30;

8. Add a new row to the table insurance.

Insert command;

Worksheet 4

Relation : EMPLOYEE
Eno Ename Designation Department

38
 MG01 Arina Manager Logistics

MG02 Devisha Manager Sales

CR09 Henry Clerk Logistics

OF01 Angel Officer Reception

MG03 Priyam Clerk Personnel

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(eno varchar(5), ename varchar(20), designation varchar(20),

department varchar(20));

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES(“MG01”,”Arina”,”Manager”,”Logistics”);

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES(“MG02”,”Devisha”,”Manager”,”Logistics”);

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES(“CRO2”,”Henry”,”Clerk”,”Logistics”);

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES(“OF01”,”Angel”,”Officer”,”Reception”);

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES(“MG03”,”Priyam”,”Clerk”,”Personnel”);

1. Display different department names

Ans: Select distinct department from employee;

39
2. Display name of employees who are Clerk

Ans: Select ename from employee where designation=”Clerk”;

3. Display name and designation of employees of Reception

Ans:select ename, designation from employee where department=”reception”;

4. Display employee no of Angel

Select ename, eno from employee where ename=”angel”;

5. Display name of Sales Manager

Select ename,designation from employee where designation=”manager”;

Relation: ACCOUNT

40
 Eno Basic DA Tax

MG01 8000 3200 800

MG02 8500 3400 850

CR09 6200 2480 248

OF01 7500 3000 300

MG03 6000 2400 240

CREATE TABLE ACCOUNT(eno varchar(20), basic int(5), DA int(5), tax int(5));

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES(“MG01”,8000,3200,800);

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES(“MG02”,8500,3400,850);

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES(“CR09”,6200,2480,248);

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES(“OF01”,7500,3000,300);

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES(“MG03”,6000,2400,240);

1. To display Ename and Department of persons working as Manager.

Select ename, department from employee where designation=”manager”;

41
2. To display Ename and Net_Income of all persons (Net_Income = Basic + DA - tax).

select e.ename, a.basic+a.da+a.tax from account a,employee e where e.eno=a.eno;

3. To display Ename and Basic of all persons whose basic is greater than 7000.

select e.ename, a.basic from account a, employee e where a.basic>7000 and e.eno=a.eno;

4. To display count of people working as Manager.

select count(designation) from employee where designation=”manager”;

5. To insert a new row into the table having values as

(“OF03”,”Ruban”,”Officer”,”Sales”).

Insert into employee values(“OF03”,”ruban”,”officer”,”sales”);

42
6. To increment the value of DA by 25% of the existing value for all employees whose

DA is less than 3000.

update account set da=(da+da*0.25) where da<3000;

Worksheet 5:

Relation: MOVIE
Movieid Moviena Actor Type Cost Languag Number
me e

F001 Terminat Schwazn Fiction 250 English 5

or eger

R001 Hum Saif Ali Romance 150 Hindi 3

Tum

A005 The Jim Comedy 200 English 4

Mask Carrey

A115 Bruce Jim Comedy 250 English 5

Almighty Carrey

A007 Black Rani Social 150 Hindi 3

CREATE TABLE movie(movieid varchar(5), moviename varchar(20), actor varchar(20), type

varchar(20), cost int(5), language varchar(20), number int(2));

INSERT INTO MOVIE VALUES(“F001”,”Terminator”,”Schwazneger”,”Fiction”,250,”English”,5);

INSERT INTO MOVIE VALUES(“R001”,”Hum Tum”,”Saif Ali”,”Romance”,150,”Hindi”,3);

INSERT INTO MOVIE VALUES(“A005”,”The Mask”,”Jim Carrey”,”Comedy”,200,”English”,4);

43
INSERT INTO MOVIE VALUES(“A115”,”Bruce Almighty”,”Jim
Carrey”,”Comedy”,250,”English”,4);

INSERT INTO MOVIE VALUES(“A007”,”Black”,”Rani”,”Social”,150,”Hindi”,3);

Relation: ISSUED
Movieid Qty_Issued

A005 2

R001 1

A115 3

CREATE TABLE issued(movieid varchar(5), qty_issued int(2));

INSERT INTO ISSUED VALUES(“A005”,2);

INSERT INTO ISSUED VALUES(“R001”,1);

INSERT INTO ISSUED VALUES(“A115”,3);

44
1. To display moviename, actor and cost of all English movies.

Select moviename,actor,cost from movie where language=”english”;

2. To list the names of all comedy movies.

Select moviename from movie where type=”comedy”;

3. To display the moviename, cost of movies in ascending order of cost.

Select moviename,cost from movie order by cost asc;

4. To increase the price of all comedy movies by 50.

Update movie set cost=cost+50 where type=”comedy”;

5. To display names of movies starting with T.

Select moviename from movie where moviename like “t%”;

45
6. To display the number of movies issued along with their name.

Select i.qty_issued, m.moviename from movie m, issued i where m.movieid=i.movieid;

7. To print the average cost of movies in each language.

Select avg(cost), language from movie group by language;

8. To display the number of movies of each type.

Select moviename,type from movie group by type;

46
CLASSES AND OBJECTS

47
Q1. Declare a class ITEM with the following members:-

Private members;

Item_no, Item_name, Qty, Price_per_unit, Amount

Calculate() - To calculate the amount as Qty*price_per_unit.

Public member:

Input() - To input details ( Item_no, Item_name, Qty, Price_per_unit ) and then invoke
calculate() to assign the amount.

Display() - To display all the details.

Write a program to accept the details of n items and to display them.

Ans;

#include<iostream.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<conio.h>

class ITEM{

private:

int item_no;

char item_name[30];

int qty;

int ppu; ///price_per_unit

int amt;

void calculate()

48
 {

amt=qty*ppu;

public:

void input();

void display();

}I[30];

void ITEM::input()

cout<<"Enter item number\n";

cin>>item_no;

cout<<"Enter item name\n";

gets(item_name);

cout<<"Enter quantity\n";

cin>>qty;

cout<<"Enter price per unit\n";

cin>>ppu;

calculate();

void ITEM::display()

cout<<"The item number is "<<item_no<<", the item name is "<<item_name<<", quatity is

"<<qty<<", and amount is "<<amt<<"\n";

49
 }

void main()

int n;

cout<<"Enter number of records\n";

cin>>n;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

I[i].input();

I[i].display();

getch();

50
Q2. Declare a class student with the following members

PRIVATE MEMBERS;

Name , rollno, marks[5], percentage, grade

Calgrade() – To calculate the total_marks and percentage. The function must assign grade
based on the following criteria.

PERCENTAGE GRADE
90-100 A1
80-89 A2
70-79 B1
60-69 B2
40-59 C
<40 D

PUBLIC MEMBERS-

Input() - to input values (invokes calgrade() to assign the value of grade)

ANS.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<conio.h>

class student{

private:

char name[30];

int rollno;

int marks[3];

51
float p; //percentage

char grade[5];

void calgrade()

if(p>=90&&p<=100)

strcpy(grade,"A1");

else if(p>=80&&p<=89)

strcpy(grade,"A2");

else if(p>=70&&p<=79)

strcpy(grade,"B1");

else if(p>=60&&p<=69)

strcpy(grade,"B2");

else if(p>=40&&p<=59)

strcpy(grade,"C");

else if(p<40)

strcpy(grade,"D");

public:

void input();

void display();

};

void student::input()

52
 float s=0;

cout<<"Enter name\n";

gets(name);

cout<<"Enter roll number\n";

cin>>rollno;

cout<<"Enter marks\n";

for(int i=1;i<6;i++)

cout<<”Enter mark\n”;

cin>>marks[i];

s=s+marks[i];

p=(s/500)*100;

calgrade();

void student::display()

cout<<"The student name is ";

puts(name);

cout<<"The grade is "<<grade<<"\n";

cout<<"The roll number is "<<rollno<<", percentage is "<<p;

void main()

53
 {

student s;

s.input();

s.display();

getch();

Declare a class accounts with the following details.

Accno, balance and name;
1. Accept details using inline function getdata().
2. Make another inline function transaction with 2 parameters amount and type.
Void transaction (amt, type).
3.Display() for displaying all details.
Calculate balance according to the below table.
Type Balance
If type is D or d Balance = Balance + Amount
If type is W or w Balance = Balance – Amount
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
class account
{

54
 int accno;
char n[20];
float balance;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<“enter name, account no and balance”;
gets(n);
cin>>accno>>balance;
}
void transaction(float amt, char type)
{
if (type==’D’ || type == ‘d’)
balance+=amt;
if (type==’W’ || type==‘w’)
balance-=amt;
}
void showdata()
{
cout<<"Account no - "<<accno<<"\nBalance - "<<balance;
}
};
void main()
{
account acc1;
float tamt=0;
char type;
acc1.getdata();
cout<<”Enter amount for transaction ”;
cin>>tamt;
cout<<”Enter transaction type(‘d’ or ‘w’)”;
cin>>type;
acc1.transaction (tamt, type);
acc1.showdata();
getch();
}

55
3.
Write a function to declare class salesman with private members salesman number, sales
made in 4 regions, target, total_sales, commission.
Accept details. Calculate total sales made by adding sales of 4 regions. If total sales are more
than target then commission is 15%.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
class salesman
{
int salesman_no;
int regionsale[4];
float target, tot_sale, comm;
void calc();
public:
void getdata();
void display();
};
void salesman::getdata()
{
cout<<"Enter salesman no. ";
cin>>salesman_no;
cout<<"enter target sale";
cin>>target;
calc();

56
}
void salesman::calc()
{
tot_sale=0;
cout<<”Enter region sale\n”;
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
cin>>regionsale[i];
tot_sale+=regionsale[i];
}
if (tot_sale>target)
comm=tot_sale*0.15;
}
void salesman::display()
{
cout<<"salesman no. "<<salesman_no<<”\n”;
cout<<"region sale\n ”;
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
cout<<regionsale[i]<<”\n”;
cout<<"total sale ”<<tot_sale;
cout<<"\ncommission - "<<comm;
}
void main()
{
salesman s1;
s1.getdata();
s1.display();
getch();
}

57
4. Write a program to define a class item with the data members such as icode (array of 10)
and price (array of 10) (hint- accept n in main and pass as an argument in all the functions)
The member functions of the class are
1. getdata() to accept details for n items where n is entered by the user in the main program
2.putdata() to display details of n items
3.totprice() calculate total for n items
4. maxprice() calculate maximum price.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class item
{
int icode[10];
int price[10];
public:
void getdata(int);
void putdata(int);
int totprice(int);
int maxprice(int);
}o;
void item::getdata(int n)
{
int i;
cout<<"enter icode and price respectively\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>icode[i];
cin>>price[i];
}
}
void item::putdata(int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<icode[i]<<" "<<price[i]<<endl;
}
int item::totprice(int n)
{
int i, t=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)

58
 t=t+ price[i];
return t;
}
int item::maxprice(int n)
{
int i;
int max=-32768;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(price[i]>max)
max=price[i];
return max;
}
void main()
{
int n;
cout<<"how many items\n";
cin>>n;
o.getdata(n);
o.putdata(n);
cout<<"the total is "<< o.totprice(n) <<endl;
cout<<"the max price is "<< o.maxprice(n) <<endl;
getch();
}

5.
Declare a class radio station with the following
Data members:
Entrance exam marks, eem (Out of 30)
Audition marks, am (Out of 70)

59
Result
Member functions: Private:
Assign() – To assign value to result depending on the following criteria .
If Total marks (entrance exam and audition marks) >=80 and audition marks >=60
then candidate is “Selected”.
If Total marks >=80 and audition marks <60 then candidate is in “Waiting list”.
Otherwise “Rejected”
Public:
Input () – Input details of marks and invoke assign().
Output () – To display all data members and total marks
int retresult(char re[]);
int rettotmarks();
Write functions for the following
i) Sort () – To sort an array of ‘n’ objects in descending order of total marks
ii) Selected () – Display only selected candidates from an array of ‘n’ objects.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class radio
{
private:
int e;
int a;
char result[30];
void assign( )
{
if((e+a)>=80 && e>=60)
strcpy(result, “selected");
else if((e+a)>=80 &&e<60)
strcpy(result, “waiting");
else
strcpy(result, “rejected");
}
public:
void input( );
void output( );
int retresult(char r[ ]);
int rettotmarks( );
}s[30];

60
void radio :: input()
{
cout<<"enter audition marks\n";
cin>>a;
cout<<"enter entrance marks\n";
cin>>e;
assign();
}
void radio :: output()
{
cout<<a<<" "<<e<<" "<<result<<endl;
}
int radio:: rettotmarks()
{
return(e+a);
}
int radio :: retresult(char r[])
{
if(strcmp(result, “selected")==0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
void main()
{
int n, i, ch, j;
radio temp;
cout<<"enter number of candidates\n";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].input();
cout<<"displaying menu\n";
cout<<"1 sort\n";
cout<<"2 selected candidates\n";
cout<<"enter your choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)

61
 {
for(j=0;j<(n-1-i);j++)
{
if(s[j].rettotmarks()>s[j+1].rettotmarks())
{
temp=s[j];
s[j]=s[j+1];
s[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].output();
break;
case 2:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(s[i].retresult("selected")==1)
s[i].output();
}
break;
}
getch();
}

62
6.
Define a class student with the following members :-
Rno – integer
Name – char name[20
Grade – integer
Sec – char
Marks – float
Input() – A function to input all details
Display() – A function to display all details
Write standalone functions to perform the following:-
WAF to check if a user entered rno is present or not. If present, display the details of that
student. If not, display message “Not found”.
WAF to check if a user entered name is present or not.
WAF to count no of students in section ‘A’.
WAF to display details of students who has obtained marks within the range of 85 and 90.
WAF to sort the students details in ascending order of marks.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class student
{
int rno;
char name[30];
int grade;
char sec;

63
 int marks;
public:
void getdata();
void putdata();
int retroll();
int retname(char []);
char retsec();
int retmarks();
}s[30];
void student::getdata()
{
cout<<"enter roll number\n";
cin>>rno;
cout<<"enter name\n";
gets(name);
cout<<"enter grade and sec\n";
cin>>grade>>sec;
cout<<"enter marks\n";
cin>>marks;
}
void student::putdata()
{
cout<<rno<<" "<<name<<" "<<grade<<" "<<sec<<" "<<marks<<endl;
}
int student::retroll()
{
return rno;
}
int student::retname(char na[30])
{
if(strcmp(name, na)==0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
char student::retsec()
{
return sec;
}
int student::retmarks()

64
{
return marks;
}
void searchroll(int r, int n)
{
int i;
int flag=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(s[i].retroll()==r)
{
flag=1;
s[i].putdata();
break;
}
}
if (flag==0)
cout<<"record not found\n";
}
void searchname(char na[30],int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(s[i].retname(na)==1)
s[i].putdata();
}
void countsec(int n)
{
int count=0;
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(s[i].retsec()=='a')
count++;
cout<<count;
}
void marksrange(int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(s[i].retmarks()>=85&&s[i].retmarks()<=100)

65
 s[i].putdata();
}
void sort(int n)
{
int i, j;
student temp;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-1-i;j++)
{
if(s[j].retmarks( )>s[j+1].retmarks( ))
{
temp=s[j];
s[j]=s[j+1];
s[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].putdata();
}
void main()
{
int n, i, r, ch;
char ans;
char na[30];
cout<<"how many students\n";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"enter the details of student "<<(i+1)<<"\n";
s[i].getdata();
}
do
{
cout<<"Displaying menu\n";
cout<<"1 for search on roll\n";
cout<<"2 for search on name\n";
cout<<"3 for counting students of section a\n";
cout<<"4 counting students scoring between 85 to 100\n";

66
 cout<<"5 for sorting\n";
cout<<"enter your choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1: cout<<"enter the roll number you want to search\n";
cin>>r;
searchroll(r, n);
break;
case 2: cout<<"enter the name you want to search\n";
cin>>na;
searchname(na, n);
break;
case 3: countsec(n);
break;
case 4: marksrange(n);
break;
case 5: sort(n);
break;
}
cout<<"Do you want to continue?\n";
cin>>ans;
}
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');
getch();
}

67
68
69
7.
Define a class “CLOCK”
Private members:
Hours integer
Minutes integer
Public members:
Void Readtime (int h, int m);
Void disp_time( )
clock Addtime(CLOCK t1, CLOCK t2);
clock time_diff(CLOCK t1, CLOCK t2);
• If t1 contains 3 hrs 50 minutes and t2 contains 4 hours 20 minutes the difference to be
calculated and stored is 0 hours and 30 minutes.
• If t1 contains 6 hrs 50 minutes and t2 contains 4 hours 20 minutes the difference to be
calculated and stored is 2 hours and 30 minutes.
• If t1 contains 9 hrs 10 minutes and t2 contains 4 hours 30 minutes the difference to be
calculated and stored is 4 hours and 40 minutes.
class clock
{
int hours;
int minutes;
public:
void readtime(int h, int m);
void disp();
clock addtime(clock t1,clock t2);
clock timediff(clock t1,clock t2);
};

70
void clock :: readtime(int h, int m)
{
hours=h;
minutes=m;
}
void clock::disp()
{
cout<<hours<<" "<<minutes<<"\n";
}
clock clock :: addtime(clock t1,clock t2)
{
clock t3;
t3.hours=t1.hours+t2.hours;
t3.minutes=t1.minutes+t2.minutes;
if(t3.minutes>60)
{
t3.hours++;
t3.minutes=t3.minutes-60;
}
return t3;
}
clock clock :: timediff(clock t1,clock t2)
{
clock t3;
int x, y, z;
x=t1.hours*60+t1.minutes;
y=t2.hours*60+t2.minutes;
if(x>y)
{
z=x-y;
t3.hours=z/60;
t3.minutes=z%60;
}
else
{
z=y-x;
t3.hours=z/60;
t3.minutes=z%60;
}
return t3;

71
}
void main()
{
clock t1,t2,t3;
int h1,h2,m1,m2;
cout<<"enter first time in hours and mins\n";
cin>>h1>>m1;
t1.readtime(h1,m1);
cout<<"enter second time in hours and mins\n";
cin>>h2>>m2;
t2.readtime(h2,m2);
t3=t3.addtime(t1,t2);
cout<<"the time after adding is \n";
t3.disp();
t3=t3.timediff(t1,t2);
cout<<"the time after subtracting is\n";
t3.disp();
getch();
}

72
FUNCTION OVERLOADING
CONSTRUCTORS AND
DESTRUCTORS

73
WAP using an overloaded function SUM to find
a. Sum of the squares of 3 nos.
b. Sum of the cubes of 2 nos.
c. Sum of the factors of a no.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int sum(int a, int b, int c)
{
int s=pow(a,2)+pow(b,2)+pow(c,2);
return s;
}
int sum(int a, int b)
{
int s=pow(a,3)+pow(b,3);
return s;
}
int sum(int a)
{
int s=0;
for(int i=1; i<=a; i++)
if(a%i==0)
s=s+i;
return s;
}
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
cout<<"enter 3 numbers\n";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
cout<<"Sum of squares of 3 numbers\n";
cout<<sum(a, b, c);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Sum of cubes of 2 numbers\n";
cout<<sum(a, b);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Sum of the factors of a number\n";
cout<<sum(a);
cout<<endl;

74
 getch();
}

Declare a class ‘address’ having the following members:

Data members:
Name, house no, Street, City, Country
Member functions:
Default constructor to assign houseno = 0 and all other data members = ‘ ’
A parameterized constructor to initialize Name, houseno and street with the values passed
as parameters and city to Delhi and country to India.
A function Input() to accept all the values
A function Output() to display all the values.
Accept n records in the array of object of class Address.
Write a program to
Display the initial values stored in the array. Invoke input function to accept new values in
the array.
Invoke the parameterized constructor and display the values.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class address
{
char name[30];
int houseno;
char street[30];
char city[30];
char country[30];
public:
address()
{
houseno=0;
strcpy(name," ");
strcpy(street," ");
strcpy(city," ");

75
 strcpy(country," ");
}
address(char na[30],char st[30],int hn)
{
strcpy(name, na);
houseno=hn;
strcpy(street, st);
strcpy(city, "Delhi");
strcpy(country, "India");
}
void input();
void output();
}s[30];
void address::input()
{
cout<<"enter name\n";
gets(name);
cout<<"enter street\n";
gets(street);
cout<<"enter house number\n";
cin>>houseno;
cout<<"enter city and country\n";
gets(city);
gets(country);
}
void address::output()
{
cout<<"name "<<name<<"\n"<<"street "<<street<<"\n"<<"house
"<<houseno<<"\n"<<"city "<<city<<"\n"<<"country "<<country<<endl;
}
void main()
{
char st[30];
char na[30];
int hn;
address s1;
s1.output();
cout<<"enter name\n";
gets(na);
cout<<"enter street\n";

76
 gets(st);
cout<<"enter house number\n";
cin>>hn;
address s2=address(na, st, hn);
s2.output();
getch();
}

WAP that uses function overloading to

To find the maximum of 2 numbers
To find the maximum of 3 numbers
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int max(int a, int b)
{
int m;
if(a>b)
return a;
else
return b;
}
int max(int a, int b, int c)
{
if(a>b&&a>c)
return a;
else if(b>a&&b>c)
return b;
else
return c;

77
}
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
cout<<"enter 3 numbers\n";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
cout<<”Max of two numbers\n”;
cout<<max(a, b)<<endl;
cout<<”Max of three numbers\n”;
cout<<max(a, b, c);
getch();
}

Declare a class ITEM with the following members:-

Private members:
itemno, itemname, q, ppu, amount
cal () – To calculate amount = q*ppu
Public Member:
A constructor to initialize itemno as 0, item name as NULL, price, quantity and amount are
initialized to 0.
A copy constructor to initialize the next item with the same values, except for itemno is
incremented by 1 and ppu by 10%.
Input () – To input details (itemno, itemname, qty, ppu) and then invoke cal () to assign the
Amount
Display () - To display all the details.

#include<iostream.h>
class item
{
int itemno;
char itemname[20];
int q;
int ppu;
int amount;

78
 cal()
{
amount=ppu*q;
}
public:
item()
{
itemno=0;
strcpy(itemname," ");
q=0;
ppu=0;
amount=0;
}
item(item &s)
{
itemno=s.itemno+1;
strcpy(itemname, s.itemname);
q=s.q;
ppu=s.ppu+0.1*s.ppu;
amount=s.amount+1;
}
void input();
void output();
};
void item::input()
{
cout<<"enter item number and item name\n";
cin>>itemno>>itemname;
cout<<"enter quantity and price per unit\n";
cin>>q>>ppu;
cal();
}
void item::output()
{
cout<<"itemno"<<itemno<<"\n"<<"itemname"<<itemname<<"\n"<<"quantity
"<<q<<"\n"<<"price per unit "<<ppu<<"\n"<<"amount "<<amount<<endl;
}
void main()
{
item i1, i3;

79
 i1.output();
item i2=i1;
i2.output();
i3.input();
i3.output();
getch();
}

80
FILE HANDLING

81
1.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void create()
{
cout<<endl;
cout<<”Enter the lines:\n”;
ofstream o1(“myfile.txt”);
char str[20],ch;
do
{
gets(str);
o1<<str<<endl;
cout<<”Do you want to add more?(Y/N): ”;
cin>>ch;
}while(ch==’y’||ch==’Y’);
o1.close();
}
void byte()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
c++;
cout<<”No of bytes: ”<<c;
i1.close();
}
void alpha()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
{

82
 if(isalpha(ch))
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of alphabets: ”<<c;
}
void digit()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
{
if(isdigit(ch))
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of digits: ”<<c;
}
void upplow()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
int c1=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
{
if(isupper(ch))
c++;
else if(islower(ch))
c1++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of uppercase: ”<<c;
cout<<”No of lowercase: ”<<c1;

}
void vowel()

83
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
{
switch(ch)
{
case ’A’:
case ’a’:
case ’e’:
case ’E’:
case ’I’:
case ’i’:
case ’o’:
case ’O’:
case ’u’:
case ’U’: c++;break;
}
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of vowels: ”<<c;
}
void word()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[20];
while(i1>>ch)
{
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of words: ”<<c;
}
void sentence()
{
cout<<endl;

84
 ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[80];
while(i1.getline(ch,80))
{
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of sentences: ”<<c;
}
void disp1()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[20];
while(i1>>ch)
{
if(strlen(ch)<5)
cout<<ch;
}
i1.close();
}
void disp2()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[80];
while(i1.getline(ch,80))
{
if(ch[0]==’M’|| ch[0]==’m’|| ch[0]==’n’|| ch[0]==’N’)
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of sentences starting with M or N: ”<<c;
}
void cntto()
{
cout<<endl;

85
 ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[20];
while(i1>>ch)
{
if(strcmpi(ch,””)==0)
c++;
}
i1.close();
cout<<”No of occurences: ”<<c;
}
void dispA()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
ofstream o1(“mystory.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[20];
while(i1>>ch)
{
if(ch[0]==’A’|| ch[0]==’a’)
o1<<ch<<” ”;
}
i1.close();
}
void changecase()
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
ofstream o1(“newfile.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch[80];
while(i1.getline(ch,80))
{
strupr(ch);
o1<<ch<<endl;
}
i1.close();
}
void star()

86
{
cout<<endl;
ifstream i1(“myfile.txt”);
ofstream o1(“star.txt”);
int c=0;
char ch;
while(i1.get(ch))
{
if(ch==’ ’)
o1<<’*’;
}
i1.close();
}
void enterfile ()
{
char ch[80];
cout<<”Enter the file name ”;
gets(ch);
char ch1;
ifstream i1(strcat(ch,“.txt”));
cout<<endl;
while(i1.get(ch1))
{
cout<<ch1;
}
i1.close();
}

void main()
{
create();
byte();
alpha();
digit();
upplow();
vowel();
word();
sentence();
disp1();
disp2();

87
 cntto();
dispA();
enterfile();
star();
changecase();
getch();
}

2.
Write a menu driven program to perform the following operations on a binary file
“Society.dat”
∙ Appending data into the file.
∙ Displaying the records present in the file.
∙ Searching for records where no of rooms is less than n.
∙ Display those records of housetype “HIG” and “Duplex”
∙ Delete the record of that member where no of rooms is 1
∙ Copy the records of housetype “Villa” and “Duplex” to Delux.dat
∙ Modify the record of 4 room flat by updating its cost.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
class society
{
int mcode;

88
 char mname[15];
char housetype[20];
int noofrooms;
float cost;
public:
void getdata();
void printdata();
int ret_norooms();
int checktype(char type[]);
void update();
};
void society::getdata()
{
cout<<”Enter the member code\n”;
cin>>mcode;
cout<<”Enter the member name\n”;
gets(mname);
cout<<”Enter the house type\n”;
gets(housetype);
cout<<”Enter the no of room\n”;
cin>>noofrooms;
cout<<”Enter the cost\n”;
cin>>cost;
}
void society::printdata()
{
cout<<”\n\nDisplaying details\n”;
cout<<”Code:”<<mcode<<endl;
cout<<”Name:”<<mname<<endl;
cout<<”Type:”<<housetype<<endl;
cout<<”No of rooms:”<<noofrooms<<endl;
cout<<”Cost:”<<cost<<endl;
}
int society::checktype(char type[])
{
return strcmpi(type, housetype);
}
void society::update()
{
cost*=1.1;

89
}
society s;
void append_data()
{
int n;
ofstream o1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
cout<<”How many records?\n”;
cin>>n;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<”\nEnter the details of the member\n”;
s.getdata();
o1.write((char*)&s, sizeof(s));
}
o1.close();
}
void disp_data()
{
ifstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
if(!i1)
{
cout<<”File does not exist\n”;
return;
}
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))
s.printdata();
i1.close();
}
void search(int n)
{
cout<<”The records for which no of rooms is less than ”<<n<<” are:\n”;
ifstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))
{
if(s.ret_norooms()<n)
s.printdata();
}
i1.close();
}
void search_housetype()

90
{
ifstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
cout<<”The records for which the house type is HIG Duplex are:\n”;
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))
{
if(s.checktype(“HIG”)==0||s.checktype(“Duplex”)==0)
s.printdata();
}
i1.close();
}
void delete_record()
{
ifstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
ofstream o1(“backup.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))
{
if(s.ret_norooms()!=1)
o1.write((char*)&s, sizeof(s));
}
i1.close();
o1.close();
remove(“society.dat”);
rename(“backup.dat”, ”society.dat”);
}
void delux()
{
ifstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary);
ofstream o1(“Delux.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))
{
if(s.checktype(“Villa”)==0||s.checktype(“Duplex”)==0)
o1.write((char*)&s, sizeof(s));
}
i1.close();
o1.close();
}
void modify_4()
{
fstream i1(“society.dat”, ios::binary| ios::in| ios::out);
while(i1.read((char*)&s, sizeof(s)))

91
 {
if(s.ret_norooms()==4 && s.checktype(“Flat”)==0)
s.update();
i1.seekp(-sizeof(s), ios::cur);
i1.write((char*)&s, sizeof(s));
}
i1.close();
}
void main()
{
int choice, n;
char choice1;
do
{
cout<<”Displaying Menu\n”;
cout<<”1.Append data\n2.Display data\n3.Searching for records where no of
rooms is less than n\n”;
cout<<”4.Display records of house type HIG or Duplex\n”;
cout<<”5.Delete the record where no of rooms is 1\n”;
cout<<”6.Copy the records of housetype “Villa” and “Duplex” to Delux.dat\n”;
cout<<”7.Modify record of 4 room flat by updating cost.\n”;
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:append_data();
break;
case 2:disp_data();
break;
case 3:cout<<”Enter the value of n\n”;
cin>>n;
search(n);
break;
case 4:search_housetype();
break;
case 5:delete_record();
break;
case 6:delux();
break;
case 7:modify_4();
break;

92
 default:cout<<”Invalid entry\n”;
}
cout<<”\nWould you like to continue?(Y/N)\n”;
cin>>choice1;
}while(choice1==’y’||choice1==’Y’);
getch();
}

93
 3.

94
#include<iostream.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class library
{
int bno;
char bname[25];
char author[25];
float price;
char status;
public:
void input_data();
void output_data();
int ret_bno();
int ret_bookname(char a[]);
char return_status();
void change_status();
};
void library::input_data()
{
cout<<”Enter the book number\n”;
cin>>bno;
cout<<”Enter book name\n”;
gets(bname);
cout<<”Enter author name\n”;
gets(author);
cout<<”Enter the price\n”;
cin>>price;
cout<<”Enter status\n”;
cin>>status;
}
void library::output_data()
{
cout<<”Book number: “<<bno<<endl;
cout<<”Book name: “<<bname<<endl;
cout<<”Author:”<<author<<endl;
cout<<”Price: ”<<price<<endl;
cout<<”Status: ”<<status<<endl;
}

95
int library::ret_bno()
{
return bno;
}
int library::ret_bookname(char a[])
{
return(strcmpi(bname, Aa));
}
char library::return_status()
{
return status;
}
void library::change_status()
{
if(status==’I’)
status=’A’;
else
status=’I’;
}
void add_details()
{
int flag=0;
library L1,L;
cout<<”Enter the details to be added\n”;
L.input_data();
ifstream i1(“library.dat”, ios::binary);
ofstream o1(“temp.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&L1, sizeof(L1)))
{
if(ret_bno()<L1.ret_bno()&&flag==0)
{
flag=1;
o1.write((char*)&L,sizeof(L));
o1.write((char*)&L1,sizeof(L1));
}
else
o1.write((char*)&L1,sizeof(L1));
}
if(flag==0)
o1.write((char*)&L,sizeof(L));

96
 i1.close();
o1.close();
remove(“library.dat”);
rename(“temp.dat”, “library.dat”);
}
void disp_data()
{
library l;
ifstream i1(“library.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&l, sizeof(l)))
output_data();
i1.close();
}
void disbosom(int no)
{
int found=0;
library l;
ifstream i1(“library.dat”, ios::binary);
while(i1.read((char*)&l, sizeof(l)))
{
if(ret_bno()==no)
{
found=1;
cout<<”Status of the book is “<<return_status();
break;
}
}
if(found==0)
cout<<”Book not found\n”;
i1.close();
}
void issue book()
{
char name[20];
cout<<”Enter the name of the book to be issued\n”;
gets(name);
library l;
int found=0;
ifstream i1(“library.dat”, ios::binary);
ofstream o1(“temp.dat”, ios::binary);

97
 while(i1.read((char*)&l, sizeof(l)))
{
if(ret_bookname(name)==0 && l.return_status()==’A’)
{
found=1;
l.change_status();
}
o1.write((char*)&l, sizeof(l));
}
i1.close();
o1.close();
remove(“library.dat”);
rename(“temp.dat”, “library.dat“);
if(found==0)
cout<<”Book not found, no change made\n”;
else
cout<<”Book issued\n”;
}
void main()
{
int no, choice;
char ch;
do
{
cout<<”Displaying menu\n”;
cout<<”1.Add records in ascending order\n”;
cout<<”2.Display all records\n”;
cout<<”3.Display the status of specific book\n”;
cout<<”4.Issue a book\n”;
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1: add_details();
break;
case 2: disp_details();
break;
case 3: cout<<”Enter the book number\n”;
cin>>no;
disp_book(no);
break;

98
 case 4: issue_book();
break;
default: cout<<”Invalid entry”;
}
cout<<”\nDo you want to continue?(Y/N)\n”;
cin>>ch;
}while(ch==’y’||ch==’Y’);
}

99
100
ARRAYS

101
1.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, m, i, j, ch;
int temp=0;
int rsum, csum;
int a[5][5];
int b[5][5];
int c[5][5];
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"enter no of rows and columns\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"enter elements\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"\nDisplaying menu\n";
cout<<"1.Add 2 matrices\n";
cout<<"2.Display major and minor diagonal\n";
cout<<"3.Transpose of array\n";

102
cout<<"4.Display row and column sum\n";
cout<<"5.Interchanging first row and middle column\n";
cout<<"6.Display middle row and middle column\n";
cout<<"7.Replace every rows first element with sum of the elements of that row\
n";
cout<<"8.Interchanging elements of major diagonal and minor diagonal\n";
cout<<"enter choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"enter no. rows and columns for 2nd matrix\n";
cin>>m;
cout<<"enter elements\n";
for(i=0;i<m; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m; j++)
{
cin>>b[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix 1\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"\nDisplaying elements of matrix 2\n";
for(i=0;i<m; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m; j++)
{
cout<<b[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
if(n=m)

103
{
cout<<"\nDisplaying added matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
cout<<c[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
}
break;
case 2:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix 1\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"displaying major diagonal\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
if(i==j)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
else
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"displaying minor diagonal\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{

104
 if(i+j==(n-1))
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
else
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
break;
case 3:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix \n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"displaying transpose of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
if(i<j)
{
temp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[j][i];
a[j][i]=temp;
}
cout<<endl;
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
break;

105
case 4:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
rsum=0;
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
rsum+=a[i][j];
}
cout<<"the rsum is "<<rsum<<"\n";
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
csum=0;
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
csum+=a[j][i];
}
cout<<"the csum is "<<csum<<"\n";
}
break;
case 5:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)

106
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
temp=a[0][j];
a[0][j]=a[i][1];
a[i][1]=temp;
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"displaying interchanged matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
break;
case 6:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
cout<<"displaying middle row of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
if(j==1)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
else
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";

107
}
cout<<"displaying middle column of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
if(i==1)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
else
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
break;
case 7:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
rsum=0;
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
rsum+=a[i][j];
a[i][0]=rsum;
}
}
cout<<"displaying new matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}

108
 cout<<"\n";
}
break;
case 8:
cout<<"displaying elements of matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
if(j==(n-i-1))
{
temp=a[i][j];
a[i][j]=a[i][i];
a[i][i]=temp;
}
}
}
cout<<"displaying new matrix\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
break;
}
cout<<"do you want to continue\n";
cin>>ans;
}
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');

109
 getch();
}
OUTPUT:
case 1:

case 2:

110
case 3:

111
case 4:

case 5:

112
case 6:

case 7:

113
case 8:

2.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, m, i, j, k;
int a[5];
int b[5];
int c[10];
cout<<"enter no of elements\n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"enter array 1\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<"enter no of elements\n";
cin>>m;
cout<<"enter array 2\n";
for(i=0;i<m; i++)
cin>>b[i];
for(i=0,j=0,k=0;i<m&&j<n; k++)
{

114
 if(a[i]<=b[j])
{
c[k]=a[i];
i++;
}
else
{
c[k]=b[j];
j++;
}
}
while(i<m)
{
c[k]=a[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while(j<n)
{
c[k]=b[j];
j++;
k++;
}
cout<<"New array"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<m+n; i++)
cout<<c[i]<<" ";
getch();
}

115
STACKS, QUEUES AND LINKED
LISTS

116
STACKS
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int top=-1;
int n=5;
struct student
{
int sno;
char sname[20];
float marks;
};
void push(student s[],int n)
{
int no;
char na[20];
float m;
if(top==n-1)
cout<<“overflow”;
else
{
cout<<“enter rno, name, marks\n”;
cin>>no;
gets(na);
cin>>m;
top++;
s[top].sno=no;
strcpy(s[top].sname, na);
s[top].marks=m;
}
}
void pop(student s[],int n)
{
int no1;
float m1;
char na1[20];
if(top==-1)
cout<<“underflow”;
else
{

117
 no1= s[top].sno;
strcpy(na1, s[top].sname);
m1=s[top].marks;
top--;
cout<<“deleted:”<<no1<<na1<<m1<<endl;
}
}
void disp(student s[])
{
if(top==-1)
cout<<“underflow”;
else
{
for(int i=top; i>=0; i++)
cout<<s[i].sno<<s[i].sname<<s[i].marks;
}
}
void main()
{
student s[10];
int ch ;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"1.Push"<<endl;
cout<<"2.Pop"<<endl;
cout<<"3.Display"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter choice\n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:push(s, n);
break;
case 2: pop(s, n);
break;
case 3: disp(s);
break;
}
cout<<"Do you want to continue\n"<<endl;
cin>>ans;

118
 }while(ans=='y');
getch();
}

119
QUEUES
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
const int n=5;
int front=-1;
int rear=-1;
int s[n];
void insert(int s[])
{
int sn;
if(rear==n-1)
cout<<"overflow";
else
{
cout<<"enter the value ";
cin>>sn;
rear++;
s[rear]=sn;
}
if(rear==0)
front=0;
}
void dele(int s[])
{
int sno1;
if(front==-1)
cout<<"underflow";
else if(front==rear)
{
sno1=s[front];
cout<<"Deleted element is"<<sno1;
front=-1;
rear=-1;
}
else
{
sno1= s[front];
front++;
cout<<"deleted element is"<<sno1<<endl;

120
 }
}
void disp(int s[])
{
if(front==-1)
cout<<"underflow";
else
{
for(int i=front; i<=rear; i++)
cout<<s[i];
}
}
void main()
{
int ch ;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"1. Insert"<<endl;
cout<<"2. Delete"<<endl;
cout<<"3. Display"<<endl;
cout<<"choice";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:insert(s);
break;
case 2: dele(s);
break;
case 3: disp(s);
break;
}
cout<<"Continue"<<endl;
cin>>ans;
}
while(ans=='y');
getch();
}

121
122
CIRCULAR QUEUES
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
const int n=5;
int front=-1;
int rear=-1;
int s[n];
void insert(int s[])
{
int sn;
if((rear==n-1) && (front==0) || (front==rear+1))
cout<<"overflow";
else if(rear==n-1)
{
cout<<"enter the value ";
cin>>sn;
rear=0;
s[rear]=sn;
}
else
{
cout<<"enter the value";
cin>>sn;
rear++;
s[rear]=sn;
if(rear==0)
front=0;
}
}
void dele(int s[])
{
int sno1;
if(front==-1)
cout<<"underflow";
else if(front==rear)
{
sno1=s[front];
cout<<"Deleted element is"<<sno1;
front=-1;rear=-1;

123
 }
else if(front==n-1)
{
sno1= s[front];
front=0;
cout<<"deleted element is"<<sno1<<endl;
}
else
{
sno1= s[front];
front++;
cout<<"deleted element is"<<sno1<<endl;
}
}
void disp(int s[])
{
int i;
if(front==-1)
cout<<"underflow";
else if(front<rear)
{
for(i=front; i<=rear; i++)
cout<<s[i];
}
else
{
for(i=front; i<n;i++)
cout<<s[i]<<" ";
for(i=0;i<=rear; i++)
cout<<s[i]<<" ";
}
}
void main()
{
int ch ;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"1. Insert"<<endl;
cout<<"2. Delete"<<endl;

124
 cout<<"3. Display"<<endl;
cout<<"choice";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:insert(s);
break;
case 2: dele(s);
break;
case 3: disp(s);
break;
}
cout<<"Continue"<<endl;
cin>>ans;
}while(ans=='y');
}

125
LINKED LISTS
1.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
struct stud
{
int rno;
char name[20];
float marks;
stud *link;
};
stud *ptr=NULL,*top=NULL,*temp=NULL;
void push()
{
if(top==NULL)
{
ptr=new stud;
cin>>ptr->rno;
gets(ptr->name);
cin>>ptr->marks;
ptr->link=NULL;
top=ptr;
}
else
{
ptr=new stud;
cin>>ptr->rno;
gets(ptr->name);
cin>>ptr->marks;
ptr->link=top;
top=ptr;
}
}
void pop()
{
if(top==NULL)
cout<<"Underflow";
else
{

126
 temp=top;
cout<<"Deleted element is\n"<<temp->rno<<"\n"<<temp->name<<"\n"<<temp-
>marks;
top=top->link;
delete temp;
}
}
void disp()
{
if(top==NULL)
cout<<"UNDERFLOW";
else
{
ptr=top;
while(ptr!=NULL)
{
cout<<ptr->rno<<" "<<ptr->name<<" "<<ptr->marks<<endl;
ptr=ptr->link;
}
}
}
void main()
{
int ch;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"1.Push"<<endl;
cout<<"2.Pop"<<endl;
cout<<"3.Display"<<endl;
cout<<"Choice"<<endl;
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:push();
break;
case 2:pop();
break;
case 3:disp();
break;

127
 }
cout<<"\nContinue\n";
cin>>ans;
}
while(ans=='y');
getch();
}

128
2.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
struct stud
{
int rno;
char name[20];
float marks;
stud *link;
};
stud *ptr=NULL , *rear=NULL,*front=NULL,*temp=NULL;
void insert()
{
if(rear==NULL)
{
ptr=new stud;
cin>>ptr->rno;
gets(ptr->name);
cin>>ptr->marks;
ptr->link=NULL;
rear=ptr;
front=ptr;
}
else
{
ptr=new stud;
cin>>ptr->rno;
gets(ptr->name);
cin>>ptr->marks;
ptr->link=NULL;
rear->link=ptr;
rear=ptr;
}
}
void del()
{
if(front==NULL)
cout<<"Underflow";
else if(front==rear)

129
 {
temp=front;
cout<<"Deleted element is"<<temp->rno<<" "<<temp->name<<" "<<temp-
>marks<<endl;
front=NULL;
rear=NULL;
}
else
{
temp=front;
cout<<"Deleted element is"<<temp->rno<<" "<<temp->name<<" "<<temp-
>marks<<endl;
front=front->link;
delete temp;
}
}
void disp()
{
if(front==NULL)
cout<<"UNDERFLOW";
else
{
ptr=front;
while(ptr!=NULL)
{
cout<<ptr->rno<<" "<<ptr->name<<" "<<ptr->marks<<endl;
ptr=ptr->link;
}
}
}

void main()
{
int ch;
char ans;
do
{
cout<<"1.Push"<<endl;
cout<<"2.Pop"<<endl;
cout<<"3.Display"<<endl;

130
 cout<<"Choice"<<endl;
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:insert();
break;
case 2:del();
break;
case 3:disp();
break;
}
cout<<"continue";
cin>>ans;
}
while(ans=='y');
getch();
}

131
132