ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

For

THERMAL POWER STATION – II SECOND EXPANSION

PROJECT (2X660 MW SUPERCRITICAL- LIGNITE BASED)
At

VILLAGES : MUDANAI, KUNANKURICHI, UTHANGAL

TALUK : VIRUDHACHALAM
DISTRICT : CUDDALORE
STATE : TAMIL NADU
COUNTRY : INDIA

By

M/s. NLC India Ltd

[Formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation]

[Project termed under schedule 1 (d): Category ‘A’ Thermal Power Plants,
ToR vide MoEF & CC File No. J-13012/11/2016 – IA. I (T), dated: 23.03.2017,
Public Hearing Conducted on 15.02.2018,
Public Hearing Proceedings Lr.No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/4825/A/2018, dated:
21.02.2018

Prepared by

HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS (P) LTD, CHENNAI

(NABET Accredited vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083
MoEF Recognized Lab vide F. No. Q-15018/13/2016-CPW)
JUNE - 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The following personnel are gratefully acknowledged for their fullest support in collection,
compilation of needful data regarding the project and kind cooperation in fulfilling the
report on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of M/s. NLC India Limited, Tamil
Nadu, India.

NLC India Limited,

Dr. M.Velan - DGM (Environment)

Mr.S. Sakthivel - DGM (P & BD)

Mr.D. Vijayakumar - CM (P & BD)

Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd, Chennai

Dr. J.R.Moses - EIA Coordinator (EC) & Functional Area Expert (FAE)
Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru - EIA Coordinator (EC) & Functional Area Expert (FAE)
Mr. A. Manoharan - FAE
Mr. V. Dhivakar - FAE
Mr. Brijesh Kumar - FAE
Mr. R. Venkateswarlu - FAE
Dr. Rajkumar Samuel - FAE
Mr.N. Varadarajan - FAE
Mr.B. Harsha Vardhan - FAE
Mrs. T. Rajani - FAE
Mr.B. Tamil Selvan - TM
Mr. Abishek Moses - TM
Mr. A.K. Natarajan - TM
Mr. Chengalvarayan - TM
 Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIA
I hereby certify that I was involved in the EIA report for the project titled Thermal Power Station
– II Second Expansion Project (2x660MW Supercritical-Lignite based) at Villages Mudanai,
Kunankurichi & Uthangal, Vridhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu State, India
by M/s. NLC India Limited. I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed
the above EIA with the support of the following functional area experts &Team Members.

EIA Co-ordinator Team Member

Name: Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru Name: Mr. B. Tamil Selvan

Signature: Signature:

Date:15/06/2018 Date: 15/06/2018

Contact Information:
Hubert Enviro CareSystems (P) Ltd,
# A-21, III Phase, Behind Lions Club School,
Thiru-vi-ka Industrial Estate, Guindy,
Chennai –600032.
Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.hecs.in

Functional Area Experts (FAEs):

S. Functional Signature Duration of

Name of the Expert
No. Areas Involvement
FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Dr. J R Moses

TM
Oct 2016 – Till date
Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru

Oct 2016 – Till date

Mr. Abhishek Moses
1 AP
Oct 2016 – Till date
Mr. B. Tamil Selvan

Mr. Harsha Vardhan March 2017 – Till date

Mrs. T Rajani July 2017- Till date

 FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Dr. J R Moses

TM Oct 2016 – Till date

2 AQ` Mr. Abhishek Moses
March 2017 – Till date
Mr. Harsha Vardhan

Mr. B. Tamil Selvan Oct 2016 – Till date

FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Dr. J R Moses

TM
Dr. Rajkumar Samuel Oct 2016 – Till date

Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 – Till date

Mr. Abhishek
Oct 2016 – Till date
3 WP

Mr. A. K. Natarajan March 2017 – Till date

Mr. Chengalvarayan March 2017 – Till date

Mr. B. Tamil Selvan

Oct 2016 – Till date
Mrs. T Rajani
July 2017- Till date

FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Mr. A. Manoharan

TM Oct 2016 – Till date

4 SHW
Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru

Mrs. T Rajani July 2017- Till date

FAE
5 SE Feb 2017 – Till date
Mr. V. Dhivakar
FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Mr. A. Manoharan
6 EB
TM
Dr. Rajkumar Samuel Oct 2016 – Till date
 Oct 2016 – Till date
Mr. B. Tamil Selvan
FAE
March – May 2017
Mr. Brijesh Kumar

TM Oct 2016 – Till date

Mr. Vamsee Krishna Navooru
7 NV
March 2017 – Till date
Mr. N. Varadharajan

Mr. Chengalvarayan March – May 2017

FAE
June 2017 – Till date
Mr. Venkateswarlu
8 LU
TM
March 2017 – Till date
Mr. N. Varadharajan
FAE
Oct 2016 – Till date
Dr. J R Moses
TM Oct 2016 – Till date
9 RH
Mr. Abhishek Moses
March 2017 – Till date
Mr. Harsha Vardhan

LU - Land use
AP - Air pollution monitoring, prevention and control
AQ - Meteorology, air quality modeling and prediction
WP - Water pollution monitoring, prevention and control
EB - Ecology and biodiversity
NV - Noise& Vibration
SE - Socio-economics
RH - Risk assessment and hazard management
SHW - Solid and hazardous wastes
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, Dr. J R Moses hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA
report for the Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project (2x660 MW
Supercritical -Lignite based) at Villages Mudanai, Kunankurichi & Uthangal, Vridhachalam
Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu State, India by M/s. NLC India Ltd. I also confirm
that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this
statement.

Signature: Date: 15/06/2018

Name: Dr. J.R Moses

Designation: CEO
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P). Ltd.,
Chennai.
NABET Certificate No & Validity: NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083 & 13.10.2019.
 Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd.
Client: M/s. NLC India Ltd
Mudanai, Kunankurichi, Uthangal village, Virudhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamil
Nadu State, India
Project: Project No.:
Amendment Work order: CO
Thermal Power Station -II Second Expansion nd
CONTS/0034/TPS-II (2 EXPN)/EIA/EMP
Project (2 x 660 MW Supercritical – Lignite Based) & SIA Report/2015 Date: 15/10/2016

Title: Document Rev.: B

EIA Report No. RP003
This document is the property of Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd.and must File path:
not be passed on to any person or body not authorised by us to receive it nor be
copied or otherwise made use of either in full or in part by such person or body
without our prior permission in writing.

Notes:
1. ToR vide F.No. J-13012/11/2016-IA. I (T) dated 23.03.2017
nd
2. EIA Submission for Public Hearing Lr.No. NLCIL/CGM/PBD/TS-II(2 EXPN/TNPCB/598/2017 dated:
19.12.2017
3. Public Hearing Proceedings Lr.No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/4825/A/2018, dated: 21.02.2018

Revision Details:
Prepared Checked Approved
Rev. Date Details
Name. Sign. Name. Sign. Name. Sign.
Moses Vamsee Moses
Manoharan
rd
B 15/06/2018 3 Submission Dhivakar
Mallikarjun GBS
Rajkumar
Brijesh
A 22/05/2018 2nd Submission Vamsee
Tamil
Abhishek
Natarajan
Chengal
0 16/05/2018 1stSubmission
Harsha
Varadarajan
Sheetal
 Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. i
Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background.................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose of Report:......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Overview of the Project.................................................................................................. 2
1.4 About Project Proponent (NLCIL)................................................................................... 4
1.5 Projects under Implementation and Formulation ............................................................ 6
1.6 Proposed Expansion Project.......................................................................................... 7
1.7 Justification and Need for the Proposed Expansion Project ........................................... 8
1.8 Location of the Existing & Proposed Expansion Project ............................................... 10
1.9 Environmental Settings of the Project .......................................................................... 11
1.10 Environmental Clearance Chronology of NLC.............................................................. 15
1.10.1 Project Screening and ToR ...................................................................................... 15
1.10.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Studies Undertaken .......................................... 16
1.11 About the EIA Consultant & NABET Accreditation ....................................................... 17
1.11.1 Cost of EIA Study..................................................................................................... 17
1.12 Environmental Regulations (Lignite Based Thermal Power Plants).............................. 17
1.13 Applicable Regulatory Framework ............................................................................... 18
1.14 Structure of the EIA Report .......................................................................................... 23
Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 26
2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 26
2.2 Land for the Project...................................................................................................... 28
2.3 Land Acquisition Status ............................................................................................... 30
2.4 Vision of the Project ..................................................................................................... 30
2.4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 30
2.4.2 Long Term Vision for the Project........................................................................... 31
2.5 Process Description and Technology ........................................................................... 32
2.5.1 Technology & Layout ............................................................................................ 33
2.5.2 Power Evacuation System .................................................................................... 34
2.5.3 Steam generating unit and Auxiliaries ................................................................... 38
2.5.4 Turbine Generator Unit and its Auxiliaries............................................................. 43
2.6 Requirement of Major Inputs for Power Generation ..................................................... 44
2.6.1 Lignite................................................................................................................... 44
2.6.2 Lignite Transportation and Handling System......................................................... 45
Chapter 3 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS.................................... 72
3.1 Preamble .......................................................................................................................... 72
3.2 Study Area........................................................................................................................ 72
3.3 Description of the Study Area ........................................................................................... 73
3.3.1 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas ................................................................ 76
3.3.2 Physical Conditions ....................................................................................................... 79
3.4 PIA District Profile ........................................................................................................ 79
3.4.1 Climatic Conditions ........................................................................................................ 79
3.4.2 Natural Resources of Cuddalore Urban PIA District ................................................. 80
3.4.2.1 Flora & Fauna ......................................................................................................... 80
3.4.2.2 Forest Resources.................................................................................................... 81
3.4.2.3 Irrigation .................................................................................................................. 81
3.4.2.4 Agricultural Resources ............................................................................................ 81
3.4.2.5 Mineral Resources .................................................................................................. 82
3.4.3 Land Use & Land Cover ........................................................................................... 84
3.4.4 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area ......................................................................... 87
3.4.5 Topography .............................................................................................................. 89
3.4.6 Geology of the PIA District ....................................................................................... 92
3.4.7 Geomorphology of PIA District ................................................................................. 93
3.4.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District..................................................................................... 95
3.4.9 Drainage Pattern in PIA District ................................................................................ 96
3.4.10 Soil charecteristics in PIA District ............................................................................. 99
3.4.11 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion in PIA District...................... 100
3.4.12 Seismicity ............................................................................................................... 102
3.5 Air Environment ......................................................................................................... 103
3.5.1 Meteorological Conditions ...................................................................................... 103
3.5.2 Meteorological Data Collection ............................................................................... 103
3.5.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data ............................................ 103
3.5.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period ......................................................... 105
3.5.5 Atmospheric Inversion ............................................................................................ 106
3.5.5.1 Meteorological data during Study Period ............................................................... 107
3.5.6 Ambient Air Quality................................................................................................. 107
3.5.6.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations .......................................................... 108
3.5.6.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency .................................. 110
3.5.6.3 Results and Discussions ....................................................................................... 110
 3.5.6.4 Summary and Observations .................................................................................. 118
3.6 Noise Environment..................................................................................................... 118
3.6.1 Results and Discussions ........................................................................................ 118
3.6.2 Observations .......................................................................................................... 121
3.7 Water Environment .................................................................................................... 121
3.7.1 Surface Water Resources ...................................................................................... 121
3.7.1.1 Surface Water Quality Assessment ....................................................................... 122
3.7.1.2 Results and Discussions ....................................................................................... 127
3.7.2 Ground water resources ......................................................................................... 128
3.7.2.1 Ground water Quality ............................................................................................ 130
3.7.2.2 Results and Discussions ....................................................................................... 135
3.8 Soil as a resource and its Quality............................................................................... 135
3.8.1 Soil quality.............................................................................................................. 135
3.8.2 Results and Discussions ........................................................................................ 140
3.9 Ecology & Biological Environment.............................................................................. 140
3.9.1 Methodology........................................................................................................... 142
3.9.2 Floral studies.......................................................................................................... 142
3.9.3 Faunal studies........................................................................................................ 146
3.10 Socio-economic profile of the Project Influence Area/Study area ............................... 148
3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study........................................................................ 148
3.10.2 Demographic details............................................................................................... 151
3.10.2.1 Percentage of Women and Girl population of the district..................................... 151
3.10.2.2 Minor Irrigation.................................................................................................... 151
3.10.2.3 Employment and Livelihood ................................................................................ 152
3.10.2.4 Health Facilities .................................................................................................. 153
3.10.2.5 Industrial Estates ................................................................................................ 153
Chapter 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 156
4.1 General...................................................................................................................... 156
4.2 Identification of Likely Impacts ................................................................................... 156
4.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase .................................... 160
4.3.1 Land Use ............................................................................................................ 160
4.3.2 Soil Quality ......................................................................................................... 160
4.3.3 Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 161
4.3.4 Noise Levels ....................................................................................................... 161
4.3.5 Water Quality ...................................................................................................... 162
 4.3.6 Solid and Hazardous Waste................................................................................ 163
4.3.7 Ecology and Biodiversity..................................................................................... 163
4.3.8 Socio-Economic Impacts .................................................................................... 164
4.4 Impacts during operational phase .............................................................................. 164
4.4.1 Land Use ............................................................................................................ 165
4.4.2 Topography and Climate..................................................................................... 165
4.4.3 Air Environment .................................................................................................. 166
4.4.3.1 Meteorological Data ........................................................................................ 166
4.4.3.2 AERMET Process ........................................................................................... 167
4.4.3.3 AERMOD Process........................................................................................... 167
4.4.3.4 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................... 176
4.4.3.5 Mitigation Measures for Reduction of Emissions at Source ............................. 177
4.4.4 Noise Levels and Impacts ................................................................................... 179
4.4.4.1 Impact Assessment ......................................................................................... 179
4.4.4.2 Mitigation Measures for Noise ......................................................................... 180
4.4.5 Water Environment ............................................................................................. 181
4.4.5.1 Impact ............................................................................................................. 181
4.4.5.2 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 183
4.4.6 Solid Waste Management (Fly Ash Disposal) ..................................................... 188
4.4.7 Ecological Environment ...................................................................................... 190
4.4.7.1 Impact on Ecology........................................................................................... 190
4.4.7.2 Control Measures for Biological Impacts ......................................................... 191
4.4.8 Socio economic Aspects..................................................................................... 192
4.4.8.1 Impacts ........................................................................................................... 192
4.4.8.2 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 192
Chapter 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................. 194
5.1 History and Background of site selection ................................................................... 194
Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM....................................................... 197
Chapter 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES........................................................................................... 206
7.1 Public Consultation .................................................................................................... 206
7.2 Risk Assessment ....................................................................................................... 231
7.3 Disaster Management Plan........................................................................................ 231
7.4 Social Impact Assessement Studies, R& R ................................................................ 231
CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ......................................................................................... 233
8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure ................................................................ 233
 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure.......................................................................... 233
8.3 Induced Development ................................................................................................ 233
8.4 Power supply ............................................................................................................. 233
8.5 Direct and Indirect Benefit for Public .......................................................................... 233
Chapter 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................. 236
Chapter 10 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ................................................................................ 269
10.1 Summary ................................................................................................................... 269
10.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 270
Chapter 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ........................................................................ 274
11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited (HECS).....................................274
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Region-wise peak demand (2016-17 to 2026-27) MW.........................................................2

Table 1-2 Overview of the Project .............................................................................................................2
Table 1-3 Lignite fired Supercritical plants outside the country ............................................................4
Table 1-4 Details of the existing operational mines ................................................................................5
Table 1-5 The details of power plants operated by NLCIL ....................................................................5
Table 1-6 Mines Proposed by NLCIL for the lignite based power plants ............................................6
Table 1-7 The list of power projects proposed to be implemented by NLCIL....................................6
Table 1-8 Environmental Settings at Project Site..................................................................................11
Table 1-9 Environmental Settings of the Study area (10 Km radius from proposed Expansion
Project Site).................................................................................................................................................12
Table 1-10 Chronological events of the Project ....................................................................................15
Table 1-11 Applicable Acts and Rules ....................................................................................................19
Table 2-1Salient Features of Proposed Project ....................................................................................26
Table 2-2 Land Use Breakup of the TPS – II Second Expansion.......................................................28
Table 2-3 Current Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Project Site ....................................................30
Table 2-4 Power and Energy Requirement............................................................................................37
Table 2-5 Air Pollution Source & Control Measures .............................................................................40
Table 2-6 Technical features of the steam turbine................................................................................44
Table 2-7 Comparison of Various Modes of Transport for Conveying Lignite..................................46
Table 2-8 Capacity determination of Lignite Handling System (ILHS/ELHS) ...................................49
Table 2-9 Belt Speed & Width selection for conveyor system ............................................................50
Table 2-10: DM Water Requirement .......................................................................................................52
Table 2-11Raw Water Requirement........................................................................................................52
Table 2-12 Water Consumption of the Project ......................................................................................53
Table 2-13 Municipal Solid waste...........................................................................................................63
Table 2-14 Hazardous waste...................................................................................................................63
Table 2-15 Proximate analysis of Lignite Ash........................................................................................64
Table 2-16 Ultimate Analysis of Lignite of Mine – III ............................................................................64
Table 2-17 Chemical constituents of ash in Lignite ..............................................................................64
Table 2-18 Ash Handling System ............................................................................................................65
Table 2-19 Fly Ash Utilization Level ........................................................................................................65
Table 2-20 Emission difference between Super and sub Critical .......................................................68
Table 2-21 CO2 Emission for Existing & After Expansion....................................................................68
Table 2-22 Cost of Generation.................................................................................................................70
Table 3-1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary ............................76
Table 3-2: Details of district land use/land cover statistics for Cuddalore district ............................84
Table 3-3 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10 Km radius of the Study Area ................................87
Table 3-4 Climatological Summary – Cuddalore Region (1971-2000) ............................................104
Table 3-5 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (March - May, 2017).........................................107
Table 3-6 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations.........................................................108
Table 3-7 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters ..............................110
Table 3-8 Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants .....................................111
Table 3-9 Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels..............................................................................119
Table 3-10: Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters ................................122
Table 3-11 Details of Surface water sampling locations ....................................................................123
Table 3-12 Surface water Monitoring Results......................................................................................125
Table 3-13 Groundwater Potential in Cuddalore PIA District ............................................................128
Table 3-14: Details of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations ...................................................130
Table 3-15 Ground Water Monitoring Results (March 2017) ............................................................132
Table 3-16 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations ......................................................................................136
Table 3-17 Soil Quality Monitoring Results ..........................................................................................138
Table 3-18 List of Flora Reported/Observed in the Study Area........................................................142
Table 3-19 List on Fauna observed/reported within study area........................................................146
Table 3-20 Demographic details within in the study area ..................................................................151
Table 3-21 Percentage of Women and Girl population of the district ..............................................151
Table 3-22 Area irrigated by crops for the Fasli 1424 (Minor Irrigation Census) ...........................151
Table 3-23 Workers group distribution in the study area ...................................................................152
Table 3-24 Details of sources of Irrigation............................................................................................152
Table 3-25 Health Facilities in Cuddalore District ...............................................................................153
Table 3-26 Summary of Socioeconomic Indicators within the Study Area .....................................154
Table 4-1 Activity-Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase of the Proposed Project.157
Table 4-2 Activity – Impact Identification Matrix for Operation Phase of the Proposed Project ..159
Table 4-3 Plant Technical Parameters..................................................................................................168
Table 4-4 Proposed Stack Emission details ........................................................................................169
Table 4-5 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Particulate Matter Estimated Through Modeling...170
Table 4-6Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide Estimated Through Modeling .......171
Table 4-7 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen EstimatedThrough Modeling ..172
Table 4-8Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Particulate Matter Estimated Through Modeling....173
Table 4-9 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide Estimated Through Modeling......174
Table 4-10Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides Of Nitrogen Estimated Through Modeling
....................................................................................................................................................................175
Table 4-11 Total Maximum GLCs from the proposed Stack Emissions for 275m Stack ..............176
Table 4-12 Total Maximum GLCs from the proposed Stack Emissions for 150m Stack ..............176
Table 4-13 Envisaged Equipment Noise Levels (Sound Pressure Levels).....................................181
Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme ...............................................................................199
Table 7-1 Compliance to Public Hearing Minutes...............................................................................209
Table 9-1 Compliance against the Consent Condition .......................................................................243
Table 9-2 Roles and Responsibilities of NLCIL Team........................................................................244
Table 9-3 Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed Power Project-ConstructionPhase
....................................................................................................................................................................245
Table 9-4 Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed Project- Operation Phase ...........248
Table 9-5 Rain water harvesting Layout...............................................................................................258
Table 9-6 Rain water harvesting Recharge pit Section......................................................................259
Table 9-7 Major components of Control and Instrumentation system in Central Control Room .260
Table 9-8 Proposed Budget for Environmental Management Plan..................................................267

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Location Map of the Project Site...........................................................................................11

Figure 1-2 Location of the Existing & Proposed Expansion Project.....................................................1
Figure 1-3 1 Km radius Topo sheet view of proposed project site ......................................................2
Figure 1-4 5 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site ...........................................3
Figure 1-5 10 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site ..........................................4
Figure 1-6 15 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site ..........................................5
Figure 1-7 1 Km radius satellite view of project study area ...................................................................6
Figure 1-8 Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project...................................7
Figure 1-9 10 Km radius Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project ..........8
Figure 1-10 15 Km radius Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project........9
Figure 1-11 15 Km radius Satellite Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project ....10
Figure 1-12 Photographs of Existing Plants/Units and Proposed Expansion Project Site .............14
Figure 1-13 EIA Process Cycle ................................................................................................................22
Figure 2-1 Proposed TPS – II Second Expansion Site Layout ...........................................................29
Figure 2-2 Water Balance .........................................................................................................................54
Figure 2-3 Effluent Treatment Plant ........................................................................................................55
Figure 3-1 5, 10 & 15km radius satellite view of proposed project site ...........................................74
Figure 3-2 TOPO Map of the study area ................................................................................................75
Figure 3-3: Environmentally sensitive areas within 15 Km radius from proposed project ..............78
Figure 3-4 Geological and Mineral Map of Tamil Nadu & Pondycherry ............................................83
Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern in the PIA District ....................................................................................85
Figure 3-6 Land Use Map of Cuddalore District ....................................................................................86
Figure 3-7 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area ....................................................................................87
Figure 3-8 Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area .....................................................................88
Figure 3-9 Physiography map of Tamil Nadu ........................................................................................90
Figure 3-10 Contour map of Study Area.................................................................................................91
Figure 3-11 Geology Map of Cuddalore District ....................................................................................92
Figure 3-12 Geomorphology Pattern of the study area........................................................................93
Figure 3-13 Geomorphology Map of Study area...................................................................................94
Figure 3-14 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district.......................................................................................96
Figure 3-15 Drainage Map of the Study area ........................................................................................98
Figure 3-16 Soil Map of Cuddalore District ............................................................................................99
Figure 3-17: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India ........................................................................101
Figure 3-18 Seismicity Map of India ......................................................................................................102
Figure 3-19 Annual Wind rose –Cuddalore (as per IMD)...................................................................105
Figure 3-20Seasonal Wind rose (March –May) as per IMD Cuddalore Observatory Data ..........105
Figure 3-21 Seasonal Wind rose (March –May, 2017) Site specific ................................................106
Figure 3-22 Hourly variation of the mixing heights..............................................................................107
Figure 3-23 Map showing the air monitoring locations.......................................................................109
Figure 3-24 Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 PM2.5, SO2 & NOX Concentrations in the Study
Area ............................................................................................................................................................117
Figure 3-25 Map showing the noise monitoring locations..................................................................120
Figure 3-26 Map showing the surface water monitoring locations ...................................................124
Figure 3-27 Depth of Ground water level during & Pre-Monsoon Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu
....................................................................................................................................................................129
Figure 3-28 Map showing theground water monitoring locations .....................................................131
Figure 3-29 Map showing the soil monitoring locations .....................................................................137
Figure 3-30 Biodiversity/biological richness map ................................................................................141
Figure 3-31 5km, 10km & 15km radius satelliteview of proposed project site...............................149
Figure 3-32 Admin map of the study area ............................................................................................150
Figure 4-1 Wind-rose considered for Modelling (March-May-2017).................................................167
Figure 4-2 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of Particulate matter within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
....................................................................................................................................................................170
Figure 4-3 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ....................171
Figure 4-4 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ....................172
Figure 4-5 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of Particulate matter within 10 km Radius of the Study .......173
Figure 4-6 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ....................174
Figure 4-7 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area ....................175
Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Photos..........................................................................................................208
Figure 9-1 Organization Chart During Construction Phase...............................................................241
Figure 9-2 Organization Chart for O & M..............................................................................................242

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure No Description
List of Annexure
1 Land Acquisition
2 Earlier Environmental clearance & EC compliance report
3 Existing Consent for Establishment
4 Existing Consent for Operation
5 Site Layout
6 Proposed Green Belt Layout
7 Sub-committees recommendations during site visit
7A Proponent Reply for Sub committees site visit report
8 ETP process flow diagram
9 Social Impact Assessment Report (SIA)
 10 Risk Assessment & On-site & Off-site emergency plan
11 Rain water harvesting layout
12 Topo map
12 A Google Image
13 Letter submitted to CSIR for Utilization of dry fly ash/bottom ash
generated
14 Hydro geological study report
15 Mine - III to TPS – II Second Expansion conveyor
15 A CSR Details
16 CSR Policy
17 All process diagram
18 Organization chart and Project schedule
19 Carbon foot print study report
20 TPS – I Confirmation of Phase out letter to CPCB
21 Green belt plantation Photos
22 Project site Contour Map
23 Consent letter from cement industries for disposal of fly ash
24 Fuel analysis report
25 Environment policy
26 TNPCB Test reports
27 AAQ raw data
28 Project site kml file as soft copy
List of Appendices
Appendix I ToR by MoEF & CC
Appendix II ToR compliance
Appendix III Public Hearing Advertisement in local newspaper
Appendix IV Public Hearing Proceedings
Appendix V Public Hearing Compliance
Appendix VI Public Hearing reply to CAG/NGO
Appendix VII Public Hearing reply to Public return petition
Appendix VIII Form 2
Appendix IX Questionnaire
 LIST OF ACCRONYMS

1. AERMOD Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System

2. ATM Atmospheres Absolute

3. AVT All Volatile Treatment

4. AHP Ash Handling Plant

5. ACW Air Circuit Water

6. ACSR Aluminium Conductor steel reinforced cable

7. AAQ Ambient Air Quality

8. AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

9. BFP Boiler Feed Pump

10. BIS Bureau of Indian Standards

11. BMCR Boiler maximum continuous Rating

12. BFP Boiler Feed Pump

13. BPL Below Poverty Line

14. CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

15. CGWB Central Ground Water Board

16. CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

17. CDM Clean Development Mechanism

18. CWT Combined Water Treatment

19. CIP Clean In Place

20. CBL Convective Boundary Level

21. CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation

22. CER Certified Emission Reduction

23. CERC Central Electricity Regulatory Commission

24. CEA Central Electricity Authority

25. CRH Crusher House

26. CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

27. CW cooling water

28. CTBD Cooling Tower Blow Down

29. CEMS Continuous Environment Monitoring System

30. CT Cooling Tower

31. COD Commercial Operation Date

32. CW Cooling Water

33. CEA The Central Electricity Authority

34. CPU Condensate Polishing Unit

35. DG Diesel generator

36. DCS Distributed Control System

37. DSCR Debt Service Coverage Ratio

38. DDCMIS Distributed Digital Control Monitoring Information System

39. E Expansion

40. ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

41. ELHS External Lignite Handling System

42. EAC Expert Appraisal Committee

43. EHS Environmental Health and Safety

44. EMP Environmental Management Plan

45. EMC Environmental Management Cell

46. EPS Electric Power Survey

47. EC Environmental Clearance

48. EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

49. ESP Electrostatic precipitator

50. FGD Flue-gas desulfurization

51. FAB Fluidised Aerobic Bio-reactor

52. FY Fiscal Year

53. GPS Global Positioning System

54. GCV Gross Calorific Value

55. GOI Government Of India

56. GLC Ground Level Concentrations

57. HFO Heavy Furnace Oil

58. IMD India Meteorological department

59. ISH Intermediate Surge Hopper

60. ISO International Standard for Organization

61. IDC Intangible Drilling Cost

62. ILHS Internal Lignite Handling System

63. IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform

64. kVA Kilovolt-ampere

65. kWh Kilo Watt per hour

66. KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

67. KLD Kilo Litres per Day

68. LDO Light Diesel Oil

69. LPCD litres Per Capita per Day

70. MoEF & CC The Ministry Of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

71. MBBR Moving Bed Bio film Reactor

72. MW Mega Watt

73. MTPA Million Tonnes Per Annum

74. MDBFP Motor Driven Boiler Feed Pump

75. MCM Million Cubic Meter

76. MSL Mean Sea Level

77. MCR Maximum Continuous Rating

78. NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

79. NLCIL NLC India Limited

The National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration

80. NABL
Laboratories

81. NDCT Natural Draft Cooling Tower

82. NAAQM National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

83. NTPL National Thermal Power Limited

84. NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Norms

85. ONAN Oil Natural Air Natural

86. ONAF Oil Natural Air Forced

87. OLTC On Load Tap Changer

88. PGCIL The Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

89. PHAST PHAge Search Tool

90. PF Pulverized Fuel

91. PCB Pollution Control Board

92. PCU Passenger Car Unit

93. PUC Pollution Under Control

94. PIA Project Influenced Area

95. Ppm Parts Per Minutes

96. Ppb parts per billion

97. PLC Programmable Logic Controller

98. PLF Plant Load Factor

99. RO Reverse osmosis

100. RF Reserved Forest

101. RPM Revolution Per Minutes

102. RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

103. STP Sewage Treatment Plant

104. SBL Stable Boundary Level

105. SG Steam Generator

106. SCR Selective Catalytic Reactor

107. SGMCR Steam Generator Maximum Continuous Rating

108. SSC Submerged Scrapper Chain

109. TDS Total Dissolved Solids

110. TPS Thermal Power Station

111. TPP Thermal Power Plant

112. TDBFP Turbine Driven Boiler Feed Pump

113. TANGEDCO Tamil Nadu Generation And Distribution Corporation

114. TSDF Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility

115. TNPCB Tamil Nadu pollution Control Board

116. TPD Turns Per Day

117. ToR Terms of Reference

118. TANTRANSCO The Tamil Nadu Transmission Corporation Limited

119. TGMCR Turbo Generator Maximum Continuous Rating

120. TPH Tonnes per Hour

121. USC Ultra Supercritical

122. WTP Water Treatment Plant

123. ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge

 M/s. NLC India Limited

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page i
 M/s. NLC India Limited

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About NLC India Ltd

NLC India Ltd (NLCIL) (formerly, Neyveli Lignite Corporation) is an existing, profit making
Navratna Public Sector Enterprise of Government of India (GoI) engaged in mining of lignite and
generation of power through lignite based thermal power plants. NLCIL was established by GoI
in 1956, following the discovery of lignite deposits in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu. NLCIL comes under
administrative control of Ministry of Coal, GoI and serves as an important source of power
generation to the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Union
Territory of Puducherry and Rajasthan. NLCIL currently operates four opencast lignite mines
with a combined capacity of 30.6 MTPA.
1.1.1 Power Generation
NLCIL’s thermal power station (the units under TPS-I) are South Asia’s first lignite fired and
India’s first pit head based power station. From the lignite extracted from its mines, NLCIL
operates five thermal power stations with an aggregate capacity of 3,240 MW in the states of
Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. Apart from lignite based power plants, NLCIL also operates one
coal based thermal power plant of 1,000 MW (2 X 500 MW) capacity through its joint venture
with TANGEDCO, NLC Tamil Nadu Power Limited. It has also installed solar and wind based
power plants.

Apart from lignite and coal based thermal power plants, NLCIL also enter into renewable energy
sector by setting up wind and solar based power plants. The details of power plants operated by
NLCIL is given in Table-1.
Table-1: The details of power plants operated by NLCIL

Power Station Location of plant Capacity (MW)

TPS I Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 600
TPS II Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 1470
TPS I Expansion Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 420
Barsingsar TPS Bikaner, Rajasthan 250
TPS II Expansion (Unit-I &Uni -II) Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 500
NTPL (Unit-I & Unit II) Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu 1000
Solar Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 440
Wind Tirunelveli, TN 51
TOTAL 4731

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1.2 Need for the project

NLC India ltd (NLCIL) formerly, Neyveli Lignite Corporation has the initiative for developing
thermal power project in the state of Tamilnadu to meet the growing electricity demand in the
State of Tamilnadu and neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,
Telangana, and Union Territory of Puducherry. NLCIL had identified 608 Acres of land at their
existing power complex TPS – II near Mudanai village in Cuddalore District and plans to set up
second expansion of (2X660 MW Supercritical Lignite Based) adjacent to operating thermal
power station –II. It is worthwhile mentioning that the proposed power plant would be the first
lignite fired 660 MW Supercritical Unit in India.

The proposed power project can propel both economic and social growth in the region through
direct benefits of power supply and indirect benefits through various induced economic
development in the region. In addition to the above factors, NLCIL proposes to take up
comprehensive community development plans under the Corporate Social Responsibility
programs of the company.

1.3 Chronological Events of EC/CTE/CTO (as per NLCIL Records)

Products

Year Unit EC No CTE No CTO No Remarks

Stage/
Configuration
Phase
(MW)
Industry TPS - I 6 x 50 = 300 - - - -
Started 1960 3 x 100 = 300
Commissioned
progressively
from 1962
onwards
1977 TPS – II 3 x 210 = 630 DST NOC File T8/TNPCB/cud/ Consent renewal under operation
Stage I No. 10/1/17G- Consent order NOC from DST
KV dated 21409/A2008 no. 180827815736
18.8.1977
dated: 8.4.2018
Proceedings
no.T2/TNPCB/F.0066
1983 TPS – II 4 x 210 = 840 MoEF&CC File T8/TNPCB/cud/ Under in operation
CUD/RL/CUD/A/
Stage II No. 14/13/82-
W/2018
Env.2 dated: 21409/A2008
dated: 09.02.2018
5.1.1983
dated: 8.4.2008
validity: 31.3.2018

Renewal Under

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Process (2018 –
2019)

1990 TPS - I 2 x 210 = 420 MoEF&CC File T8/TNPCB/F28636/ Consent renewal under operation
Expansion No. Consent order
J-13011/31/87- cud/A/2006 no. 180828920223
IA-II
dated 21.7.2006
dated Proceedings
29.06.1990 no.T2/TNPCB/F.0102
CUD/RL/CUD/A/W
/2018
dated: 09.02.2018

validity: 31.3.2018

Renewal Under
Process (2018 –
2019)
1992* TPS - I 6 x 50 = 300 MoEF&CC APCI/PROC.APCI/ Consent order 1. EC is for life
3 x 100 = 300 File No. J- 14984/TNPCB-BD/ No. 308/665 Extension.
13011/31/87-IA 1985/F19 2. The unit is presently
dated 23.1.1992 dated: 28.12.1985 Proc No. under operation and
T4/TNPCB/F. likely to be
130691/cud/RL/A/W decommissioned after
2014 commissioning of the
NNTPP
dated: 23.7.2014

Renewal Under
Process (2018 –
2019)
2003 TPS - II 2 x 250 = 500 MoEF&CC File Consent order Consent renewal under operation
Expansion No. J- Consent order
13011/8/2002-IA no. 2473 no. 180822695599
(T) dated:
Proceedings
9.1.2003 Proceedings
no.
no.T2/TNPCB/F.0214
MII/17595/2001/ CUD/RL/CUD/A/
RL/CHD/A W/2018
dated: 08.07.2003 dated: 09.02.2018

validity: 31.3.2018

Renewal
Under Process
(2018 – 2019)
2010 NNTPP 2 x 500 = MoEF&CC File Consent Under construction 1. Under construction
1000 No. J- as a replacement to
13012/250/2007- no. 26031884702 Renewal ageing 600 MW TPS –
IA.II (T) dated: Under Process I units.
21.10.2010 (2018 – 2019)

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Proceddings no.
Extension of
validity of EC T7/TNPCB/F0086/
File No. J-
cud/RL/cud/W/2016
13012/250/2007-
IA.II (T) dated:
dated: 10.5.2016
1.9.2016

Extension of
validity of EC
File No. J-
13012/250/2007-
IA.II (T) dated:
1.9.2017
2016 - 2018 TPS II 2nd 2 x 660 = Current Current application Current application Current application
Expansion 1320 application 1. Public Hearing
Conducted on
ToR vide MoEF 15.02.2018,
& CC File no. J- 2. Public Hearing
13012/11/2016 – Proceedings
IA. I (T), dated: Lr.No.
23.3.2017 DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/
2. 4825/A/2018, dated:
21.02.2018

Note: *After commissioning of NNTPP 2 x 500 MW, the Proponent plans to phase out the
existing 600 MW Thermal Power Station-I. (Letter sent to CPCB vide Lr No. 002/GM/TPS-
I/CPCB/2018 dated 10/02/2018)

NLCIL Existing TPS – II is operating with existing EC (TPS Stage II 4 x 210 MW F.No.
EP/121/138/TN dated 05.1.1983 & TPS Stage II - 1st Expansion 2 x 250 MW F.No.
J.13011/8/2002-IA II (T) dated: 09.01.2003) and Consent for Establishment & Consent for
Operation from TNPCB.

The project termed under Item 1(d) in the Schedule of the EIA Notification issued on September
14th2006. Based on the capacity (2x660MW), the power plant is classified as Category “A”. Any
project falling under Category “A” requires prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change, which is to be sanctioned by Thermal Power Projects
Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC). In order to obtain prior environmental clearance
from statutory authorities, EIA study has to be carried out as per ToR issued by MoEF & CC
vide File no. J-13012/11/2016 – IA. I (T), dated: 23rd March, 2017 by Ministry of Environment,
Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi.

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As per the ToR conditions EIA report has to be submitted to SPCB to conduct Public Hearing.
The EIA Report has been prepared as per issued ToR and submitted to DEE, TNPCB,
Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu vide Lr.No. NLCIL/CGM/PBD/TS-II(2nd EXPN/TNPCB/598/2017
dated: 19.12.2017,

Public Hearing notice was issued in an English daily named ‘The New Indian Express’ and in a
Tamil Daily named ‘ Dinamani’ on 12.01.2018 (News paper advertised notice enclosed as
Appendix III) and further villages near the project site were informed by Beats (Dhandora) on
12.02.2018

Public Hearing was conducted on 15.02.2018 (at 10:00 hrs) at Community Hall, block-29,
Neyveli Township, Virudhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District.

The Public Hearing was organized byTNPCB, Cuddalore District and presided by The Sub
Collector, Cuddalore District and The Revenue Divisional officer.

Public Hearing Proceedings vide Lr.No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/4825/A/2018, dated: 21.02.2018

is enclosed as Appendix IV & Public Hearing Photos are appended in Figure 7-1.

1.4 Project Location

The proposed project site of Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project (2 x 660 MW
Supercritical Lignite Based) covers Re survey numbers 328,332,333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338,
339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357,
358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379,
380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 385 in Mudanai Village, Re survey number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 420, 421, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 434, 435
and 436 in Uthangal Village, Re survey number 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21,
189, 190, 191 and 197 in Kunnankurichi Village, Virudhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil
Nadu, India. The site is falling on topo sheet nos. 58 M/6, M/7 & M/10 and situated between the
GPS coordinates of Latitude 11032’39” N and Longitude 79024’35” E at a distance of 1.5 km
towards North away from the NH-532 connecting Cuddalore and Chinnasalem.

The site is on south west side of existing Thermal Power Station-II and comprises of about 608
Acres of land in possession of NLCIL. The nearest airports is at Trichy Airport at a distance of
~120 km towards SW and Chennai International airport at a distance of ~185 km towards NE.

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Nearest railway station at Uthangal Mangalam on Vridhachalam- Cuddalore section is at a

distance of 1.5 km towards South.

NLCIL operating Thermal Units & Lignite Mining Units & TAQA IPP are the industries in the
study area. As per the revenue records and also Indian Topo sheet data, there are no forest
land parcels at the project site. In the 10Km radius of the study area, there are four Reserved
forest (Semakottai RF 3 km towards NE, Semakottai RF 3 km towards NW, Velangulam RF 6
km towards NE & Narumanam RF 2.5 km towards west) study area. There are no notified
ecologically sensitive areas in the study area. Environmental Settings at Project Site are given
in Table-2. Environmental Settings of the Study area (10Km radius from proposed Expansion
Project Site) is given in Table-3. Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion
project is given in Figure-1. Topo Map Showing the Existing Units & Proposed Expansion
project is given in Figure-2.

Table-2: Environmental Settings at Project Site

S.No. Particulars Details

1 Location:
Village Mudanai, Kunankurichi and Uthangal
Taluk (Mandal) Vridhachalam
District Cuddalore
State Tamil Nadu
2 Latitude 11034’ N to 110 35’ N
3 Longitude 79026’ E to 790 27’ E
4 Elevation above mean sea level (MSL)
Height :+ 47m to + 57m MSL
Switchyard Area : 55 m MSL
Plant Area : 54 m MSL
IDCT and WTP Area: 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
5 Present land use at the proposed Present land use industrial 608 acres of land
expansion project site already acquired and is in possession of NLC
is to be utilized for construction of proposed
Thermal power plant.

6 Type of Land Barren Land with shrubs

7 Settlements Nil
8 Ecologically Sensitive Areas Nil
9 Water bodies Nil
10 Archaeologically important Monuments Nil

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S.No. Particulars Details

11 Abandoned building structures Nil
12 Nature of soil Red Loamy

Table-3: Environmental Settings of the Study area (10Km radius from proposed
Expansion Project Site)

S.No. Particulars Details

1 Location:
Village Mudanai, Kunankurichi and Uthangal
Taluk (Mandal) Vridhachalam
District Cuddalore
State Tamil Nadu
2 Latitude 110 34’ N to 110 35’ N
3 Longitude 790 26’ E to 790 27’ E
4 Elevation above Mean Sea Level (MSL)
Height : + 47m to + 57m MSL
Switchyard Area: 55 m MSL
Plant Area : 54 m MSL
IDCT and WTP Area : 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
5 Climatic conditions as per IMD (2015 – Ambient Annual Max. - 34.5C
2016) Temperature
Annual Min. - 24.4C

Relative Annual Max. - 100%

Humidity
Annual Min. - 20%

Rainfall Annual Max. – 1950.3 mm

Annual Min. – 1173.8 mm

Predominant Site Specific:

Wind Direction
March – May 2017 - SW

Wind Speed at Annual Max. – 4.0 Km/hr.

8:30 hr.
Annual Min. – 3.1 Km/hr.

Wind Speed at Annual Max. – 4.5 Km/hr.

17:30 hr.
Annual Min – 3.2 Km/hr.

6 Present land use at the proposed site Barren land with shrubs

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7 Nearest Highway/Road NH – 532, ~1.5 km (S)

8 Defence installations None in 10km radius

9 Nearest railway station Uthangal Mangalam: ~1.5 km (NW)
10 Nearest airport/air strip Trichy : ~150 km (S)
Chennai : ~185 km (N)
11 Nearest Sea Cuddalore – ~45 km (E)

12 Nearest town Virudhachalam: ~15 km (W)

13 Nearest River Manimukta Nadi: ~7.5 Km (S)
14 Hills/Valleys None in 10km radius
15 Archaeologically important places None in 10km radius
16 Nearest place of Tourist/Religious None in 10km radius
importance
17 Ecologically sensitive areas (National None in 10Km radius
Parks/Wildlife sanctuaries/bio-sphere
reserves)
18 Reserved/Protected forests within 10 km Semakottai RF ~3 Km North East
radius Semakottai RF ~3 Km North West
Velangulam RF ~6 Km North East
Narumanam RF ~2.5 Km West
19 List of Major Polluting Industries
S.No Industires Distance Direction
(≈ Km)
1 NLCIL 5.8 NE
Existing
TPS-I
2 NLCIL 6.4 NE
Existing
TPS-I
Expansion
3 NLCIL 0.9 E
Existing
TPS-II &
TPS-II 1st
Expansion
4 NNTPP 4.4 NE
(under
constructio
n)
5 NLCIL 5.5 E
Existing
Mine 1 & IA
6 NLCIL 1.3 S

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Existing
Mine - II
7 NLCIL 8.8 S
Proposed
Mine - III
8 TAQA IPP 0.5 SW

20 Topography of the plant site Flat terrain with little undulations towards North
West
21 Nature of Soil Red loamy

Figure-1: Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project

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Figure-2: Toposheet view of the Proposed Project Site TPS – II 2nd Expansion

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Existing Complex Site photographs

Park in TPS-I Expansion Substation in TPS-I Expansion

Cooling towers of TPS-I Expansion Aerial view of the TPS

Proposed project Site photographs

North side view of the proposed project site West side view of the proposed project site

Aerial view of the poject site Western side of the proposed project site &
Eastern side of the Ash Dyke

Figure-3: Photographs of Existing Plants/Units and Proposed Expansion Project Site

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 M/s. NLC India Limited

2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED POWER PROJECT

2.1 Land Requirement

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has prescribed the land requirement for different
configurations of 660 MW Supercritical Units. As per CEA guidelines the land requirement for 2
x 600 MW Supercritical – Lignite Based power project is 990 acres and NLCIL has optimized
the land requirement to 608 Acres which is less than the stipulated land. The entire land of 608
Acres required for the project is in possession of NLCIL.

The land required for lignite transportation system, laying of pipeline, ROW, transmission lines
etc., are in possession of NLCIL and there is no litigation.

The plant & associated facilities including green belt and ash disposal is proposed to be
accommodated within 608 acres of land under possession of NLC India Limited. Land Use
Breakup of the TPS-II Second Expansion is given in Table-4.

Table-4: Land Use Breakup of the TPS – II Second Expansion

S.No Description Area in Ha Percentage (%)

1 Main Power Block & Auxiliaries 21.04 8.56
2 Switchyard 8.09 3.29
3 Raw Water Reservoir 14.16 5.76
4 Water Facilities, Cooling Tower 26.30
etc. 10.70
5 Ash Dump Area (Existing) 28.32 11.52
6 Miscellaneous Non-plant 37 15.05
buildings, roads etc.
7 Lay down and preassembly 46.13 18.77
area
8 Green Belt 64.74 26.34
Total 245.78 100

Note: 1. The proposed expansion project area is 245.78 Ha i.e 608 Acres and proposed green
belt area is 160 Acres i.e. 26.34 % of total project area. (i.e 37% of main plant area).
2. Over and above NLCIL proposes to implement Green Belt as to the extent possible in
all the available vacant spaces.

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I. Analysis of Site Considered

The Present project site near village Mudanai adjoining the TPS-II was selected by the site
selection team of NLCIL for development of 2x660 MW Supercritical Lignite Based Thermal
Power Plant after examining the availability of following facilities:

1. Availability of suitable & adequate land

2. Availability of reliable source of water
3. Availability of road and railway access
4. Environmental aspects
5. Availability of infrastructural facilities
6. Conformity to Siting Criteria of MoEF&CC
As it is an expansion project (Brown Field) the available land in the vicinity of Thermal Power
Station- II having the above positive features has been selected for locating the project.

2.2 Water Requirement

The source of raw water for the Proposed Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project
(2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) NLC shall be the water pumped out during mining
operations from the lignite mines of NLCIL. Fresh water requirement is worked out to be 3299
m3/hr.

Water Requirement:

S.No Description KLD m3/hr * As per MoEF&CC

Requirements
1 Total water requirement 101160 4215 -
2 Fresh water requirement 79176 3299 2.49 m3/MWh
3 Recycled water 21984 916 -

Note: 1. * As per MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 3305(E) dated: 7/12/2015 (water consumption
upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero waste water discharged).

2. The water requirement for FGD system indicated in the water balance diagram is
indicative and subject to revision once the MoEF&CC Draft notification S.O. 3337(E).
Item no 2.III, dated 16.10.2017 comes into force; we may consider 3m3/MWh and rework
the water balance accordingly.

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Total Water Requirement = 4215 m3/hr

Total Effluent generated = 1379 m3/hr

Total Sewage generated = 2.5 m3/hr

Total Recycled Water = 1379 m3/hr (816 m3/hr for cooling tower make up, 100 m3/hr for
service water make up & 463 m3/hr for ash handling systems)

Total Fresh Water Requirement = 3299 m3/hr

2.3 Fuel requirement

The primary fuel for the proposed project is Lignite from NLCIL’s basket of mines including
mine – III allocated by Ministry of Coal. The lignite requirement for 2x660 MW has been
assessed as 8.09 Million Tons for 100% Lignite fuel every year at PLF 80 %. As per test
reports the maximum ash content of lignite is 9.9 %. Lignite will be received and transported
by suitable conveyor system to the project site.

2.4 Power Requirement

Power and energy requirement details are given in Table-5.

Table: 5 Power and Energy Requirement

Details Proposed Source

Power Evacuation 400 kV Through PGCIL network
230 kV ThroughTANTRANSCO lines
Emergency power supply 3 x 1750 kVA DG sets
Boiler 2 x 1930 TPH -
HSD for DG 200 lt/hr IOCL
Fuel consumption for boiler 27720 TPD Basket of Mines including
(Lignite) proposed Mine III

As per CERC norms, the auxiliary power requirement of a lignite based thermal power plant
having natural draft cooling towers with FGD is considered as 6.85% of the generated power
i.e. about 90.42 MW (106.38 MVA at an average power factor of 0.85).

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2.3 Man Power

The estimated manpower shall be about 850 nos. during construction phase and about 1000
nos. during the operation stage including contract workmen.

2.4 Project cost

Cost of Project Rs. 8733.49 Crore including IDC (Interest During Construction)

Cost per MW Rs. 6.62 Crore

2.5 Process description

The proposed 2x660 MW 2ndexpansion of the thermal power station - II will be developed in an
area of 608 acres with an estimated budget of Rs. 9240 Cr (including IDC). NLCIL has planned
to install Supercritical (SC) pulverised fuel combustion technology for the proposed project,
targeting best possible eco-friendly technology which gives higher efficiency (hence minimum
Lignite consumption) and reduced emissions. The proposed power plant is categorized with
high steam pressure which is a well proven technology in Europe and Japan. In addition to this
Selective catalyst reactor, Flue Gas Desulphurization, and Electro-static Precipitator are also
equipped as pollution control devices. We are proposing to setup stack height 275 m as per
Environmental Standards CPCB and MoEF&CC, July 2000 (Pollution Control Law Series:
PCLS/4/2000-2001).

However as per Draft Notification No. S.O. 3337(E) dated 16.10.2017, the height of stack
required shall be about 150 m. TPS will go for 150 m provided the appropriate technology
namely Selective catalyst reactor, Flue Gas Desulphurization and Electro-static Precipitator will
be implemented on issual of official order by MoEF&CC.
Table-6: Overview of the Project

1. Project : Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project

(2x660 MW Supercritical Lignite Based)
2. Promoters : NLC India Limited

3. Plant Capacity : 1320 MW

4. Plant Configuration : 2X660 MW Supercitical Lignite Based Thermal Project

Nearest habitation /
5. : Mudanai; Village, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu
Village

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: Latitude: 11032’39” N to 11033’35” N

6. Geographical Location
: Longitude: 79024’35” E to 790 25’25” E

7. Nearest Town : Virudhachalam: 10 km (South West)

Nearest National
8. : NH 532: 1.5 km adjacent to the project site (South)
Highway

Nearest Railway  Uthangal Mangalam: .1.5 m (South)

9. :
Station ii. Neyveli: 6 km (South East)

a. Trichy: 120 km (South West)

10. Nearest Airports :
b. Chennai International Airport: 185 km (North East)

11. Nearest Sea Port : Cuddalore: 43 km (North East)

Height : + 47m to + 57m MSL

Switchyard Area : 55 m MSL
12. Site Elevation :
Plant Area : 54 m MSL
IDCT and WTP Area: 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
13. Seismic Zone :
Zone II as per IS:1893 – 2002
14. Source of Water : Mine water from NLCIL Mines

Total water requirement = 4215 m3/hr

15. Water Requirement :
Fresh water requirement = 3299 m3/hr

Closed cycle cooling system using Natural Draft Cooling

16. Plant Cooling System :
Tower.

Lignite will be sourced from NLCIL Basket of Mines including

17. Primary Fuel & Source :
Mine III

18. Support Fuel & Source : HFO / LDO from nearest refinery /oil depots.

19. Lignite Fuel GCV : 2720 Kcal/Kg

Lignite Fuel
20. Requirement : 8.09 Million TPA
(At 80% PLF)

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Support fuel (HFO) at

21. : 20556.8 KL PA
80% PLF

22. Transportation:

i. Lignite fuel : Lignite will be transported from NLC’s mines by pipe / belt
conveyor systems
ii. Support fuel : Support fuel transportation by Road Tankers

Meteorological Data
23.
(2015-16)

a. Ambient Temperature

Annual Maximum
: 34.5C
(Mean)

Annual Minimum
: 24.4C
(Mean)

b. Relative Humidity

Maximum (Annually) : 100%

Minimum (Annually) : 20%

c. Rainfall

Maximum per Annum : 1950.3 mm (2015)

Minimum per Annum : 1173.8 mm

Predominant Wind
Direction
d. : South West
Site Specific (March –
May 2017)

Wind Speed (at 8:30

e.
hr.)

Maximum (Annually) : 4.0 Km/hr. (2014)

Minimum (Annually)
: 3.1 Km/hr. (2016)
(At 14:30 hr.)

Maximum (Annually) : 4.5 Km/hr. (2014)

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Minimum (Annually) : 3.2 Km/hr. (2016)

The SG would be of drumless type, single pass design,

24. Steam Generator : radiant, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor tower type
suitable for outdoor installation designed for firing Lignite as
main fuel.
The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat,
Steam Turbine
25. : regenerative, condensing (Single Pressure or Dual Pressure),
Generator multi cylinder design unit directly coupled to AC Generator
giving a continuous rated output at generator terminals.
26. Control System : Distributed Digital Control & Management Information System

27. Chimney : One (1) no. of Twin Flue individual stacks in common RCC
Stack of 275 meter high.
28. Power Evacuation : 400 kV through PGCIL / 230 KV through TANTRANSCO

Project Completion
29. : 50 months for the first unit & 56 months for the second unit.
Schedule

30. Land Requirement : 608 Acres

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Site elevation: The project area (10 km radius) exhibits plain terrain. There are four
reserved forest within 10 km radius from the project site boundary. The present land use at
the proposed site is industrial, i.e., 608 Acres of land acquired and in possession of NLCIL
is to be utilised for construction of the TPS. The average elevation of the proposed power
plant project site falls between 47 m to 57 m (MSL). The project site falls under industrial
use with highly undulating terrain. The project site is sloping from south-east to North west
side. Manimaguda Nadi River is located at about 7.5km from the project site boundary.

3.1 Meteorological data

The area experiences a Annual mean maximum and minimum temperature of 34.5 Deg C
in summer and 24.4 Deg C in winter respectively. The mean wind speed in the area is in
the order of 4.5 m/sec to 3.1 m/sec. The wind blows predominantly in the south West
direction site specific (March- May 2017).

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3.2 Ambient Air Quality

NLCIL operating Thermal Units & Lignite Mining Units & TAQA IPP are the industries in the
study area. Ambient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season (shall cover
12 weeks), i.e. during Pre-Monsoon season (March - May, 2017). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Pb,
NH3, C6H6, C20H12, As, Ni, were monitored on 24 hourly basis and O3 and CO were monitored
on eight hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
monitoring guidelines at each location. All values were found within the stipulated norms of
NAAQ Standards.

The measured ambient air quality in the study area during May to May 2017 shows that the
PM10 concentration varies from 44.4 to 95.3 μg/m3 as against the stipulated limit of 100 μg/m3.
PM2.5 concentration varies from 15.0 to 44.6 μg/m3as against the stipulated level of 60 μg/m3.
Average SO2 and NOx concentration in the study area was reported to be in the range of 5 to
17.8 μg/m3 and 9.8 μg/m3 to 28.4 μg/m3 respectively. It is inferred from the measured baseline
data that all the stipulated pollutants are well within the limits suggested under National Ambient
Air Quality Norms (NAAQs).

3.3 Noise Levels in the study area

Average day time and night time noise levels at residential areas in the study area was
found to be varying from 44.9 to 54.9 dB (A) and 38.9 dB(A) to 49.6 dB(A) respectively.
Significant interference from local community activities and also vehicular traffic was
observed.

3.4 Water Environment

Cuddalore district is endowed with the following five river basins Cauvery- Coleroon river basin,
Vellar river basin, Manimuthar river basin, Pennaiyar river basin & Gadilam river basin. To
establish the baseline status of water environment, representative sampling locations for
surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have been selected as per
CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate survey of the project area.
The prevailing status of surface water quality at Five (05) sampling locations have been
assessed during the study period.

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The standard methods prescribed in IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water were followed for
sample collection, preservation and analysis in the laboratory for various physiochemical
parameters.

The pH of surface water sample is found to be in the range of 7.84 to 8.61. TDS varies in
the range of 500 mg/l to 999 mg/l. The Heavy metals concentrations are found to be below
detectable levels.

The pH of ground water sample is found to be in the range of 7.4 to 8.44, TDS varies in the
range of 191 to 1747 mg/l. The chloride content in the ground water for study area is ranges
between 42.8 mg/l – 325 mg/l and The Total hardness ranges is between 66 mg/l - 835 mg/l.

3.5 Soil Environment

In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use
categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Ten (10) locations in the
study area.

The pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.67 – 7.93, Conductivity of the soil samples ranged
from 244 - 533 μS/cm. As the EC value is less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-
saline in nature, The water holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 20.3 – 28.5 (%),
Nitrogen content ranged from 213 kg/ha to 628 kg/Ha, The Organic content ranged from 0.37%
to 1.46 %, Phosporous content ranged from 36 kg/ha to 247kg/Ha, Potassium content ranged
from 185 kg/ha to 504 kg/Ha. It has been observed that the texture of the soil is clay. The
common color of soil vaired from reddish brown/ Yellowish brown at most of the locations.

3.6 Ecological Environment

There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary,

Elephant/Tiger reserves existing in the study area. The study area comprises of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystem. Predicted impacts are given below:

 Changes in activity pattern of terrestrial fauna due to Noise

 Loss of vegetation due to access cutting and site preparation
 Accidental discharge of wastewater may create impact on aquatic ecology if not handled
properly.

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The predicted impacts on the surrounding ecology during construction phase are not very
significant.

b) Mitigation Measures

 Green belt development using native species will provide habitat and food to the birds
and small animals.
 NLCIL will avoid noise producing construction activities at night and also unnecessary
lighting at night to avoid any effect on avifauna.

3.6 Socioeconomic conditions

Cumulative population in the study area of 10 km radius is about 2.5 Lakhs with a
population density of about 900 persons/Sq.km. According to the census records of 2011,
about 40% population in the study area falls under Below Poverty Line (BPL) category. The
higher rate of Agriculture with respect to study area shows the majority of the people are
depended on agriculture for their livelihood.

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts

4.1 Air Environment

Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for the Parameters PM10, PM2.5
SO2 & NO2, including 12 parameters are well within the permissible Limits as prescribed by the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial Area, Residential, Rural & Other
areas.

The major air pollution sources from the proposed power plant are from lignite fired boilers. The
boiler sources are provided with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the emanating flue
gases containing particulate matters, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen without affecting the
Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs).

4.2 Noise Environment

Baseline study showed that the noise levels were within the CPCB standards at industrial sites.
The designed equipment with noise levels not exceeding beyond the requirements of
Occupational Health and Safety Administration Standard will be employed. The field
observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels were slightly
exceeded the prescribed standards of MoEF&CC.

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4.3 Land Use

The present land use of the study area falls under Habitat, agriculture and undeveloped or
Industrial use. After proposed expansion construction, land use will categorized as industrial
use.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The proposed project is an environmental friendly facility with a reduced carbon foot print and
water footprint when compared with conventional power plants that are currently in operation.
The following environmental management plan will be adopted at design and operational
phases of the proposed project. Cost proposed for Environmental Management Plan is Rs.
1123.71 Crores.

5.1 Air pollution Control Measures

Construction Phase:

The movement of equipment at site, dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthworks,
foundation works, vehicle movement on unpaved roads and other construction related activities,
exhaust emissions from diesel generators, vehicles and other heavy construction equipment
deployed at site will be the main sources of air pollution during the construction period. Due to
the short duration of the planned action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction
activities are expected to be short term.

Mitigation Measures

 Transport vehicles and construction equipment / machineries will be properly maintained

to reduce air emissions. Equipment will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions
against stipulated norms. Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure
quick dispersion of gaseous emissions. Sprinkling of water on roads and construction
site, sufficient vegetation are some of the measures that would greatly reduce the
impacts during the construction phase.
 Implementing proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, Pollution underControl (PUC)
certified vehicles will be used for transporting machinery.
 The activities such as foundation & infrastructure construction, plant erection will
produce periodic noise during construction phase. D.G set to be used during

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construction phase shall be provided with acoustic enclosures. Where applicable,

hearing protection shall be provided to the workers and their use by workers shall be
enforced by contractors as well as site management. In the event construction noise
levels at the facility boundary exceed the industrial limit of 70 dB(A), temporary noise
barriers would be installed to minimize the overall noise related impacts on the
neighbouring areas due to construction activities.

Operational Phase:
Table-7: Air Pollution Control Measures

Air Chimney height (in mts) & air

Fuel No of
Pollution Proposed pollution control system provided
Quantity Stacks
Source proposed
DG 3 x 1750 3 30 m height from ground level as per
HSD 200 lt/hr
kVA TNPCB/CPCB norms
Boiler 2 x 1930 1 APC provided are ESP, FGD and
TPH DENOX system, and the emission of
PM,SO2,NOX are estimated to be less
than, PM 30 mg/NM3, 100 mg/NM3&
Lignite 27720
100 mg/NM3 respectively, in view of
TPD
the provision FGD & DENOX system
emission, MoEF & CC come out draft
notification (no) for reduce the stack
height..

 FGD system will be installed in flue gas duct to the chimney as per latest environmental
stipulation. The design and layout of steam generator and its auxiliaries will take into
account wet flue gas desulphurization system, taking suction from duct after ID fan and
feeding the de-sulphurised flue gases back to the chimney with provision for bypassing
the FGD system during start up of unit.
 SC [attached with the above emission capture equipment] is probably the best available
‘Clean coal technology’, because it reduces the amount of fuel (lignite) fired per unit of
(kg/kwhr) Power generation, moreover, the emission produced by ‘Combustion of fuel’ is
also Neutralized / captured / restricted before leaving chimney below statutory limits.
 DeNOx technology – Selective Catalytic reduction technology will be installed in the
boiler to meet latest NOx emission norm.

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 After commissioning NNTPP 2 x 500 MW, the Proponent plans to phase out the existing
600 MW Thermal Power Station-I. (Letter sent to CPCB Lr No. 002/GM/TPS-
I/CPCB/2018 dated 10/02/2018 is enclosed as Annexure 20)
 Proponent plans to install FGD in TPS-I expansion and TPS-II.

5.2 Water and Waste water Management

Construction Phase:

The wash water from construction equipment maintenance centre will contribute to oil and
grease concentration so oil and grease trap at standby DG set site will be provided. As far as
possible, the unskilled work-force will be sourced from the local areas. Since most of the
construction work force will consist of floating population, the demand for water and sanitation
facilities will be low and it will be managed by NLCIL.The wastewater from temporary labor
colony will contribute to BOD concentrations. Wastewater fro m the temporary labor colony and
equipment washing if not treated properly might damage the water quality in the nearby water
bodies. NLCIL will undertake proper mitigation measures to ensure nearby surface water bodies
are not polluted. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase is likely to
be short term and insignificant.

The ground water will not be used during construction phase. The entire water requirement for
construction will be met from NLC Mine and TPS-II Reservoir and hence impacts are not
envisaged on the quantity of groundwater. The wastewater from the construction site may find
its way to groundwater and pollute the same.

Mitigation Measures

 Oil and grease trap at standby DG set site will be provided

 As far as possible, the unskilled work-force will be sourced from the local areas.
Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)/septic tanks to treat sewage attemporary
construction workers’ shall be provided
 Temporary sanitation facilities (soak pits/septic tanks/ Bio Toilets) will be set up to
prevent contamination.
 Since most of the construction work force will consist of floating population, the demand
for water and sanitation facilities will be low and it will bemanaged by NLCIL.

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Operational Phase:

The waste water treatment system shall be designed to collect wastewater from all sources in
the power plant and provide treatment to enable it to be reused in the power plant to acheve
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).

The lant effluent is as follows

a. Blow down from closed cycle C.W. system

b. Plant drains
c. Oily waste
d. DM plant waste

The CW blow down and DM waste shall be treated in pre-filter, Ultra filtration and RO plant in
order to make it suitable for reuse in CW system make up all other effluent shall be pumped to
central monitoring basins.

Chemical dosing system & othe utilities for treatment & reuse of those treated effluent in the ash
handlind system shall be provided, necessary instruments shall also be provded for monitoring
the quality of treated effluents.

CTBD waste will be treated in Pre-filter, ultra-filtration & reverse osmosis (RO) in order to make
it suitable for CW make-up.

The effluent generation will be 1379 m3/hr, Recycled water is 1379 m3/hr (916 m3/hr used for
cooling water makeup and 463 m3/hr used for ash handling systems). The sewage generation
will be 2.5 m3/hr after treated in STP will be used for green belt development.

The sewage will flow from the manholes to the nearest collection chambers by gravity. The
collected sewage in the collection chambers will flow through sewer lines and flow to the
common collection sump. From the common collection sump, the sewage will be pumped to the
equalization tank located in the STP Area. The Sewage Treatment Plant will be designed as per
guidelines of CPHEEO Manual. The anticipated no. of users will be 1500 persons. The sewage
treatment plant will be designed to handle a flow of 60 KLD considering average per capita
consumption of 45LPCD with 80% of used water generated as sewage.

5.3 Hazardous and Solid Waste

The source of municipal waste in the industry & Township will be from the domestic use. The

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municipal solid waste (organic waste from canteen & township) generate 450 kg/day. The total
manpower is 1000 nos during operational phase including contract workmen.
Table 8: Municipal Solid waste

Type of waste Quantity Collection Disposal method

Kg/day method
Organic waste from canteen 450 Bins Composting for
and Towinship horticulture use
STP sludge 5-10 kg/day Sludge drying beds Horticulture use

Table 9: Hazardous waste

Waste category Hazardous Quantity Disposal

waste (tones)
Generated
5.1 Used oil 175 TPA Collected in Leak proof containers and
disposed only to TNPCB registered
authorized reprocessors provided the oil
meets the standards as per schedule-5 part-
A of the rules
35.3 Sludge from 0.3 TPM Stored in a secured manner and hand over
ETP to TNPCB authorized TSDF

5.3.1 Hazardous waste Management

The hazardous materials used during the construction may include diesel and paints.
Construction sites handle small quantities of lube oils and diesel for running the machine
powered construction equipment. In case of spill of these materials, the soil quality can get
deteriorated and also in case of hazardous waste finding its way to the water ways may pollute
the surface and groundwater of the nearby areas.

In order to avoid soil contamination due to accidental spills, it has been recommended to
provide spill absorbing material at the construction site and the contaminated soil should be
excavated and these materials shall be stored and disposed of to hazardous waste disposal
sites according to the guide lines specified. The Hazardous waste - spent oil from rotating
equipment will be disposed to authorised recyclers and oil soaked cotton waste and will be
disposed through cement industries.

5.3.2 Solid Waste Management (Fly ash disposal)

Fly ash utilization level as per latest MoEF&CC Notification is given in Table 7

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Table-7: Fly Ash Utilization Level

Sl. Fly ash utilization level Target date

No.

1 At least 50% of fly ash 1 year from the date of

generation commissioning

2 At least 70% of fly ash 2 years from the date of

generation commissioning

3 90% of fly ash generation 3 years from the date of

commissioning

4 100% of fly ash generation 4 years from the date of

commissioning

The unutilized fly ash in relation to the target during a year, if any, shall be utilized within next
two years in addition to the targets stipulated for these years and the balance unutilized fly
target) shall be utilized progressively over next five years in addition to 100% utilization of
current generation of fly ash.

In order to meet the above ash utilization requirement the following schemes/measures shall be
adopted.

a. The proposed expansion project is located in the vicinity of many cement plants and ash
bricks manufacturing units. The ash management scheme for the ash generated from
power plant will involve dry collection of fly ash, supply of ash to entrepreneurs for
utilization, promoting ash utilization and disposal of un-used ash.

The ash generation is 0.405 Million TPA

The fly ash generation is 0.32 Million TPA and
The bottom ash generation is 0.081 Million TPA

b. The bottom ash generation from the project shall be issued to user industries and
balance bottom ash and fly ash during emergency shall be pumped to emergency ash
dyke/mine void filling.

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c. The ash content in the lignite is very low and entire fly ash from existing units at Neyveli
is consumed by user industries. NLCIL has obtained consent letter from cement
manufactures namely Ramco cements Ariyalur, Dalmia Bharat Limited, Dalmiapuram &
India Cements, Ariyalur for off take of the fly ash generated from the proposed project.
Hence 100 % utilization of fly ash is envisaged.

Gypsum Disposal:

Approximately 11.88 T/day of gypsum is expected to be generated per day from FGD. Based on
the marketability, the gypsum generated will be marketed or disposed to cement plant or used
for back filling in the mines. The gypsum generated from the Thermal Power Plant FGD process
may not warrant as per Hazardous and other wastes (Management and Transboundary
Movement) Rules 2016, Notification No. G.S.R No. 395 (E) dated: 04.04.2016 since it is not
from chemical plant source and hence may be considered as non-hazardous.

5.4 Noise Environment

The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of all
kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient noise
level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities. Ambient
noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at Ten (10) locations in and
around 10Km distance from project area during March - May, 2017 using precision noise level
meter. Acoustic enclosures will be provided to the D.G sets being used during construction
phase to reduce the noise.

5.5 Environmental Monitoring Program

A monitoring schedule with respect to Ambient Air Quality, Water & Wastewater Quality, Noise
Quality as per TNPCB & CPCB shall be maintained.

6.0 Risk Analysis

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis including identification, screening of scenarios, and
consequence analysis of the various risk scenarios. Risk Assessment has done with respect to
the Raw materials, Processes, Solvent & neighbouring villages.

6.1 Methodology

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The Methodology adopted for Risk Assessment by using the software PHAST examines the
progress of potential incident from the initial release to far –field dispersion including modelling
of pool spreading and evaporation, flammable and toxic effects where individual risks are to be
identified and also PHAST software.

The scope of the study mainly involves:

 Identifications of Hazards
 Consequence modelling
 Flammable area of Vapor cloud explosion modelling
 Jet Fire analysis
 Toxic area of vapour cloud analysis
 Blast area of vapour cloud explosion
 Impact limits identifications and contour mapping of the risk on the layouts.
 Mitigating measures for handling and storage to reduce impacts & prevent incidents.

6.2 Risk Control Measures

 Pressure safety valves for storage tanks

 Pressure alarm high and pressure alarm low for storage tanks
 Level indicators with monitoring from control for storage tanks
 Level transmitter, Level gauge and Temperature indicators for the storage tanks
 Fire protection arrangements in the form of Fire Hydrants and Monitors for the storage
tanks.
 Emergency Handling checklist and procedure.

7.0 Disaster Management Plan

The salient features of Disaster Management Plan include

 Emergency shutdown procedure

 Electrical Power Failure & Key Utility failures
 Fire protection system
 Emergency safety equipment & Reporting and response to emergency
 Emergency Help from nearby industries and tie up with nearby industries
 Emergency Control Room - is the focal point in case of an emergency from where the

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 operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will be equipped
with Internal and P & T telephones, Paging system and Emergency siren.

7.1 On-Site Emergency Plan

 To provide effective planning, communication and to ensure discipline while mitigating

identified emergencies at the earliest utilizing available resources, safety gadgets and
systems.
 Synchronized action from all the internal and external agencies at the earliest to initiate
corrective and preventive action.
 To minimize the human injury and illness during emergency mitigation, priority is given to
rescue of incident victim/s, rendering them first aid onsite and if required providing
further medical services at the earliest, which is available nearest to our plant (health
city).
 To minimize damage to property, general environment or work environment.
 To effectively refer and utilize this revised onsite emergency plan while conducting on
site emergency and preparedness response drills and also during real emergencies.
 To identify any deviations during above drills and real situations to ensure any identified
and recorded observations for continual corrective actions and preventive actions.

7.2 Off-Site Emergency Plan

The Off-site Emergency Plan, which is the responsibility of the District Emergency Authority,
deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting the public and the
environment. The management developed contingency plan as per Hazardous and Other
Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and other applicable
regulations, in association with District Emergency Authority. A yearly mock drill of district offsite
emergency plan is essential and mandated as per National Disaster Management Guideline.

SOPs has implemented for rescues teams and regarding the wearing of full protective gear
before entering the hazardous zone and cordoning off the disaster site are required. This plan
considers the possible effects of incidents from any industry on the neighbouring population and
the remedial measures.

 Inventory of hazardous chemicals if any

 MSDS of such chemicals

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 Types of emergencies
 Nature, extent and likely effects of such incidents
 Risk and Environmental Impact Assessment
The District Emergency Authority, based on severity of any emergency in distribution network
will declare off-site emergency.

7.3 Benefits of the Proposed Project

 Since, power is the wheel for any of the development, to meet the growing demand,
surrounding villages, region& Southern States would get maximum benefits out of
generated electricity. The benefits may be realized either as upcoming of industries and
its allied ancillary units.
 The project is expected to generate around ten million units of electricity per year which
will meet the growing energy deficit in the State and will have a tremendous positive
impact on enhancement in the economy of the Country.
 There will also be a probable increase in the infrastructure resources due to the project
in the region by the way of transport, communication, health facilities and other basic
facilities to be created.
 Other benefits would be generation of either direct or indirect employment to the locals
and improved socio-economic conditions of the people.
 As a apart of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, it is envisaged to
create various infrastructure facilities in the form of drinking water, health care, roads,
education, skill development etc. which will be beneficial to the local people living in the
region improving their standard of living.

8.0 Conclusion

The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the surrounding area are well within
the permissible limits.

Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-project and
post-project phases are anticipated and the necessary Environmental Management Plan has
been formulated to address the impacts.

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The project positively leads to commercial business opportunities, Employment opportunities,

increased revenue and infrastructural development.

Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution control
and mitigation measures, the proposed project can proceed without any significant negative
impacts on the environment.

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CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background

In order to meet the growing electricity demand in our Country, NLC India ltd (NLCIL)
formerly, Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited has the initiative for developing thermal power
project in the state of Tamil nadu. NLCIL had identified 608 Acres of land adjacent to their
existing power complex near Mudanai village in Cuddalore District for the development of 2 x
660 MW Lignite based Supercritical Thermal Power Project.

1.2 Purpose of Report:

Power Plant is included as Item 1(d) in the Schedule of the EIA Notification issued on
September 14th2006. Based on the capacity (2 x 660 MW), the power plant is classified as
Category “A”. Any project falling under Category “A” requires prior Environmental Clearance
from Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, which is to be sanctioned by
Thermal Power Projects Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC).

In order to obtain prior environmental clearance from statutory authorities, EIA study has to
be carried out as per approved Terms of Reference (ToR) by Ministry of Environment,
Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi.

In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed 2 x 660 MW Supercritical
(PF Fired) Thermal Power Station Project on the surrounding environment M/s. Hubert
Enviro Care Systems Private Limited, Chennai has entrusted to carry out an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed power plant at Mudanai Village, Cuddalore,
Tamilnadu.
As per 19th EPS, it may be noted that energy demand of Southern Region is likely to
increase from 307 BU in 2016 to 551 BU in 2027, i.e. CAGR of 6.02%.

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Table 1-1 Region-wise peak demand (2016-17 to 2026-27) MW

Description 2016-17 2019-20 2021-22 2024-25 2026-27

Northern Region 55596 65919 73770 86776 97182
Western Region 50141 62728 71020 84502 94825
Southern Region 44782 56007 62975 74666 83652
Eastern Region 20883 25130 28046 32319 35674
North Eastern Region 2810 3856 4499 5790 6710
Peak Electricity Demand 161757 200601 225643 266716 298632
(excluding Islands)
Andaman & Nicobar 76 84 97 115 129
Islands
Lakshadweep 10 11 11 13 13
All – India (Peak Electricity 161834 200696 225751 266844 298774
Demand)

1.3 Overview of the Project

To meet the growing demand of electricity, NLCIL is planning to develop 2 x 660 MW

Supercritical (PF Fired) Thermal Power Station Project at Mudanai Village, Cuddalore,
Tamilnadu. It is worthwhile mentioning that the proposed plant would be the first lignite fired
660 MW Supercritical Unit in India. The overview of the project is shown in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 Overview of the Project

Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project

1. Project :
(2x660 MW Supercritical Lignite Based)
2. Promoters : NLC India Limited
3. Plant Capacity : 1320 MW
4. Plant Configuration : 2X660 MW Supercitical Lignite Based Thermal Project
Nearest habitation /
5. : Mudanai; Village, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu
Village
: Latitude: 11032’39” N to 11033’35” N
6. Geographical Location
: Longitude: 79024’35” E to 790 25’25” E
7. Nearest Town : Virudhachalam: 10 km (South West)
Nearest National
8. : NH 532: 1.5 km adjacent to the project site (South)
Highway
Nearest Railway  Uthangal Mangalam: .1.5 m (South)
9. :
Station ii. Neyveli: 6 km (South East)
a. Trichy: 120 km (South West)
10. Nearest Airports :
b. Chennai International Airport: 185 km (North East)
11. Nearest Sea Port : Cuddalore: 43 km (North East)
Height : + 47m to + 57m MSL
12. Site Elevation :
Switchyard Area : 55 m MSL

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Plant Area : 54 m MSL

IDCT and WTP Area: 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
13. Seismic Zone : Zone II as per IS:1893 – 2002
14. Source of Water : Mine water from NLCIL Mines
Total water requirement = 4215 m3/hr
15. Water Requirement :
Fresh water requirement = 3299 m3/hr
Closed cycle cooling system using Natural Draft Cooling
16. Plant Cooling System :
Tower.
Lignite will be sourced from NLCIL Basket of Mines including
17. Primary Fuel & Source :
Mine III

18. Support Fuel & Source : HFO / LDO from nearest refinery /oil depots.

19. Lignite Fuel GCV : 2720 Kcal/Kg

Lignite Fuel
20. Requirement : 8.09 Million TPA
(At 80% PLF)
Support fuel (HFO) at
21. : 20556.8 KL PA
80% PLF
22. Transportation:
Lignite will be transported from NLC’s mines by pipe / belt
i. Lignite fuel :
conveyor systems
ii. Support fuel : Support fuel transportation by Road Tankers
Meteorological Data
23.
(2015-16)
a. Ambient Temperature
Annual Maximum
: 34.5C
(Mean)
Annual Minimum
: 24.4C
(Mean)
b. Relative Humidity
Maximum (Annually) : 100%
Minimum (Annually) : 20%
c. Rainfall
Maximum per Annum : 1950.3 mm (2015)
Minimum per Annum : 1173.8 mm
Predominant Wind
Direction
d. : South West
Site Specific (March –
May 2017)
Wind Speed (at 8:30
e.
hr.)
Maximum (Annually) : 4.0 Km/hr. (2014)

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Minimum (Annually)
: 3.1 Km/hr. (2016)
(At 14:30 hr.)

Maximum (Annually) : 4.5 Km/hr. (2014)

Minimum (Annually) : 3.2 Km/hr. (2016)
The SG would be of drumless type, single pass design,
radiant, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor tower type
24. Steam Generator :
suitable for outdoor installation designed for firing Lignite as
main fuel.
The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat,
Steam Turbine regenerative, condensing (Single Pressure or Dual Pressure),
25. :
Generator multi cylinder design unit directly coupled to AC Generator
giving a continuous rated output at generator terminals.
26. Control System : Distributed Digital Control & Management Information System
One (1) no. of Twin Flue individual stacks in common RCC
27. Chimney :
Stack of 275 meter high.
28. Power Evacuation : 400 kV through PGCIL / 230 KV through TANTRANSCO
Project Completion
29. : 50 months for the first unit & 56 months for the second unit.
Schedule

30. Land Requirement : 608 Acres

Numerous references of installed units of lignite fired Supercritical plants are found outside
the country in Germany, USA, Japan & China as given inTable 1-3.

Table 1-3 Lignite fired Supercritical plants outside the country

Lignite Based Supercritical Thermal Power Plantsin Operation

Sl. Name of the Plant Country Capacity Year of
No. Commissioning
1. Lippendorf TPS Germany 2 X 920 MW 1999-2000
2. Boxberg TPS GERMANY 1 X 900 MW 2000
3. Schwarze TPS GERMANY 2 X 800 MW 1997-98
4. Mehrum TPS GERMANY 1 X 660 MW
5. Matsuura TPS JAPAN 2 X 1000 MW
6. Manl TPS USA 2 X 1100 MW
7. Niederaussem GERMANY 1 X 1000 MW 2002
8. Neurath TPS GERMANY 2 X 1100 MW 2003
9. Baicheng CHINA 2 X 660 MW 2010
10. Huaneng Jiutai CHINA 2 X 670 MW 2009-10

1.4 About Project Proponent (NLCIL)

NLC India Ltd (NLCIL) (formerly, Neyveli Lignite Corporation) is an existing, profit making
Navratna Public Sector Enterprise of Government of India (GoI) engaged in mining of lignite
and generation of power through lignite based thermal power plants. NLCIL was established
by GoI in 1956, following the discovery of lignite deposits in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu. NLCIL

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comes under administrative control of Ministry of Coal, GoI and serves as an important
source of power generation to the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,
Telangana, Union Territory of Puducherry and Rajasthan. NLCIL currently operates four
opencast lignite mines with a combined capacity of 30.6 MTPA.The details of the existing
operational mines are given in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4 Details of the existing operational mines

Area covered (Sq. Capacity per

S.No Location Mine
km) annum (MT)
1 Neyveli, Tamil Nadu I 31.78 10.50
2 Neyveli, Tamil Nadu II 42.00 15.00
3 Neyveli, Tamil Nadu IA 11.60 3.00
4 Barsingsar, Rajasthan Barsingsar 9.70 2.10

TOTAL 30.60

NLCIL’s thermal power station (the units under TPS-I) are South Asia’s first lignite fired and
India’s first pit head based power station. From the lignite extracted from its mines, NLCIL
operates five thermal power stations with an aggregate capacity of 3,240 MW in the states of
Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.
Apart from lignite based power plants, NLCIL also operates one coal based thermal power
plant of 1,000 MW (2 X 500 MW) capacity through its joint venture with TANGEDCO, NLC
Tamil Nadu Power Limited. It has also installed solar and wind based power plants. The
details of power plants operated by NLCIL are as shown in the Table 1-5.

Table 1-5 The details of power plants operated by NLCIL

Power Station Location of plant Capacity(MW)

TPS I Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 600*
TPS II Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 1,470
TPS I Expansion Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 420
Barsingsar TPS Bikaner, Rajasthan 250
TPS II Expansion (Unit-I &Unit-II) Neyveli, Tamil Nadu 500
NTPL (Unit-I & Unit II) Tuticorin, TamilNadu 1,000
Solar Neyveli, TamilNadu 140
Wind Tirunelveli, TN 51
TOTAL 4,431
* Will be phased out after commissioning NNTPP which is under construction

NLCIL has lined up a number of projects including expansion/augmentation of its existing

mines and power plants, setting up of green-field mines & power plants, acquisition of power
assets, acquisition of overseas mine assets, setting up of wind and solar power plants
across the country.

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1.5 Projects under Implementation and Formulation

Mining
The mines proposed in theTable 1-6 shall be utilized for the proposed lignite based power
plants and to improve the efficiency of existing power plants of NLCIL.

Table 1-6 Mines Proposed by NLCIL for the lignite based power plants

S. No Project Capacity (MTPA)

Lignite Mines
1 Expansion of Mine IA 4.00
2 Barsingsar Expansion 0.40
3 Bithnok 2.25
4 Hadla mine 1.90
5 Mine – III 11.50
6 Palayamkottai & South of Vellar* 11.50

Sub – Total I 31.55

7 Coal Mines
8 Pachwara South (Linked to UP Project 3 x 660)* 11.00
9 Talabira II & III (Linked to NTPL & Odisha Power Projects)* 20.00

Sub – Total II 31.00

Total (I+II) 62.55
* Will be operated through MDO route

The company is assessing development of the allocated coal blocks to the extent of 31
MTPA and has issued tenders for selecting Mine Developer and Operator (MDO) for the
development and operation of these mines.

Power Generation

Apart from lignite and coal based thermal power plants, NLCIL also firmed up plans to foray
in to renewable energy sector through wind and solar based power plants. The list of power
projects proposed to be implemented by NLCIL is given in Table 1-7.

Table 1-7 The list of power projects proposed to be implemented by NLCIL

Project name
Capacity (MW)
Lignite based power plant
TPS I replacement unit-1 500 (under construction)
TPS I replacement unit-2 500 (under construction)
Barsingsar EXP 250
Bithnok TPS 250
TPS-II Second expansion 1320 (Current Proposal)

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Project name
Capacity (MW)
Total Lignite Based Power Plants 2820
Coal based power plant
Acquisition of Raghunathpur TPS 1200
Acquisition of 600 MW Power Asset 600
Acquisition of 1200 MW Power Asset 1200
UP Project unit-1 (NUPPL as JV) 660
UP Project unit-2 (NUPPL as JV) 660
UP Project unit-3 (NUPPL as JV) 660
Odisha TPP Stage 1 (3 x 800) 2400
Odisha TPP Stage 2 (1 x 800) 800
Total Coal Based Power Plants 6380
Wind power plant*
Wind Project unit-1 6.0
Wind Project unit-2 50
Wind Project unit-3 50
Wind Project unit-4 50
Wind Project unit-5 50
Total Wind Power Based Plants 206.00
Solar power plant
Solar Project-2 (TN) 995
Solar Project-3 (UP) 995
Solar Project-4 (AP) 1000
Solar Project-5 (Rajasthan) 1000
Total Solar Power Based Plants 3990
Total Power Plants Capacity addition 14716

With the implementation of above projects, the generation capacity of NLCIL would increase
from the existing capacity of 4,295 MW to 20,971 MW in FY 2025 (after decommissioning of
600 MW TPS I power plant in FY 2020). NLCIL has sought an exemption from the
competitive bidding procedure and has requested for selling power at a rate determined as
per CERC principles of tariff fixation as applicable for the remaining power projects of NLCIL.

1.6 Proposed Expansion Project

NLCIL has established 2990 MW lignite based Thermal Power Stations at Neyveli
comprising of TPS I (6 X 50 MW + 3 X 100 MW), TPS –IE (2 X 210 MW), TPS II (7 X 210
MW) & TPS IIE (2 X 250 MW) which are at present under commercial operation. In addition,
Neyveli New TPP (2 X 500 MW) is under construction as a replacement to ageing 600 MW
TPS – I units. Now, it is proposed to implement a 2 X 660 MW lignite based Thermal Power
Station next to TPSII as TPS - II Second Expansion. This proposed project is being
conceived on the basis of utilizing the spare capacity of existing ash dump of TPS-IIE and
water reservoir of the existing TPS II. Hence, the proposed 2 X 660 MW lignite based

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Thermal Power Project is an extension of the TPS – II and TPS IIE and the same is named
as Thermal Power Station - II second Expansion.
The present expansion project of 2 X 660 MW Supercritical Power Lignite Based Project
which will be set up adjacent and at 0.9 km from the existing TPS II (7 X 210 MW) and TPS
II IE (2 X 250 MW) power plant. The land for the project is 608 Acres which is under the
possession of NLCIL.

1.7 Justification and Need for the Proposed Expansion Project

NLC India ltd (NLCIL) has the initiative for developing thermal power project in the state of
Tamil nadu to meet the growing electricity demand in the state of Tamil nadu and
neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Rajasthan and
Union Territory of Puducherry. NLCIL had identified 608 Acres of land at their existing power
complex TPS – II near Mudanai village in Cuddalore District and plans to set up second
expansion of operating thermal power station –II of 1480 MW (2 x 660 MW Supercritical
Lignite Based).

It is worthwhile mentioning that the proposed power plant would be the first lignite fired 660
MW Supercritical Unit in India.

The proposed power project can propel both economic and social growth in the region
through direct benefits of power supply and indirect benefits through various induced
economic development in the region. In addition to the above factors, NLCIL proposes to
take up comprehensive community development plans under the Corporate Social
Responsibility programs of the company.

“Power sector Report” published by CEA website gives the details of power supply position.
The Installed Capacity of the India as on 31.01.2017 was 3,14,642 MW. The per capita
electricity consumption of the country has increased to 1102 KWH in 2016 from 592 KWH in
2003. With the present growth rate of industrialization coupled with availability of power on
demand, the per capita consumption is likely to increase many fold in next 5-7 years.

As on 31.01.2017, India has achieved a total installed capacity of 50018 MW from

Renewable Energy Sources and the country has revised its Renewable Energy capacity
target to 175 GW mainly through Solar by the year 2021-2022. Such a high installed solar
capacity will necessitate operation of thermal power plants on daily cyclic mode with lower
plant load factor. The units must also be designed for sudden load ramp up/down. In such a
scenario and considering the latest environmental norms, it is estimated that ageing non-
efficient coal based plants would be phased out in near future. The high efficient pit head

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power plants would get better schedule than most of the load centre thermal power plants
existing in the country.
The power generation market is entering a competitive mode and cost of generation has
become a critical parameter in determining the long-term viability of projects. Power
development is one of the key infrastructure elements for the socio-economic growth of the
country. The entire Indian Economy hinges on the availability of reliable and quality power at
competitive rates to rural India for its overall growth and to Indian Industry to make it globally
competitive.
The Power Scenario up to March, 2017 as per details available in CEA website indicates
that India and the state of Tamil Nadu suffer a peaking shortage of 2608 MW and 49 MW
respectively. As per the 18thElectric Power Survey the projected peak demand in India and
Tamil Nadu in 2016-17 is estimated to be 199540 MW & 20816 MW respectively.
Taking in to account the demand/supply scenarios at the end of 12th Plan and 13th Plan
Periods, provision of spinning reserve of 5 % need to be kept in the system as per National
Electricity Policy, the tariff would be quite lower from the project being a pit head supercritical
plant and NLCIL will be able to utilize the lignite mined out from its proposed captive Mine-III,
implementation of TPS – II Second Expansion 2x660 MW of TPS-II is considered fully
justified.

Infrastructural Requirements

For the establishment of a power project a number of basic inputs such as land, fuel, water
etc. are required. Location of power station is primarily governed by the following basic
considerations: -

a) Availability of land
b) Rail/road accessibility
c) Availability of fuel and its transportation
d) Availability of water and proximity to source
e) Proximity to the grid for evacuation of power
f) Environmental considerations
The most important criteria for selection of sites for Power Project is the availability of land
with least Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues, Fuel availability and its
transportation, water availability and the acceptability from the environmental considerations.

It is about 1.5 km from Uthangal Mangalam & 4 km from Neyveli, Tamilnadu. The nearest
railway station is around 1.5 km at Uthangal Mangalam. The nearest airport is around 150
km at Trichy. The Latitude and Longitude of the proposed site are 11°34’ N and 79°26’

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Erespectively. Location Map is given in Figure 1-1 .

a) Land
The site is plain land with little undulations. The altitude above mean sea level is 47 M to 57
M. It requires levelling of 2 to 3 metres.
b) Rail/Road Accessibility
The site is well connected by NH-532 which is at a distance of 1.5 Km (S).
The nearest railway station is at Uthangal Mangalam which is about 1.5 km (NW) from the
site.
c) Lignite Fuel Availability & Transportation
The source of lignite fuel will be from NLCIL basket of Mines including Mine III allocated by
Ministry of Coal.
d) Availability of Water
Ground water & storm water to be pumped from NLCIL Mines for the project.
e) Power Evacuation
Power generated from proposed plant will be evacuated at 400 kV & 230 kV voltage level.

1.8 Location of the Existing & Proposed Expansion Project

The proposed expansion project site is located at Re survey number 328,332,333, 334, 335,
336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353,
354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374,
375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 385 in Mudanai Village, Re survey
number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 420, 421, 428, 429,
430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 434, 435 and 436 in Uthangal Village, Re survey number 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 189, 190, 191 and 197 in Kunnankurichi Village,
Virudhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The site is falling on topo sheet nos.
58 M/6, M/7 & M/10 and situated between the GPS coordinates of Latitude of 11034’ N to 110
35’ N and Longitude of 79026’ E to 790 27’ E.
The site is on south west side of existing Thermal Power Station-II (TPS-II) and comprises of
about 608 acres of land in possession of NLCIL. The nearest airports are at Trichy Airport at
a distance of 150 kms (SW) and Chennai International airport at a distance of 185 km (NE).
Nearest railway station at Uthangal Mangalam on Vridhachalam- Cuddalore section is at a
distance of 1.5 km (NW).
The Location map of proposed plant is shown in Figure 1-1, Location of the Existing &
Proposed Expansion Project is given in Figure 1-2, 1Km radius Topo map of the Proposed
Expansion Project is given in Figure 1-3. 5 Km radius Topo map of the Proposed Expansion
Project is given in Figure 1-4.

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Figure 1-1 Location Map of the Project Site

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Figure 1-2 Location of the Existing & Proposed Expansion Project

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Figure 1-3 1 Km radius Topo sheet view of proposed project site

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Figure 1-4 5 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site

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Figure 1-5 10 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site

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Figure 1-6 15 Km radius buffer Toposheet view of Proposed project site

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Figure 1-7 1 Km radius satellite view of project study area

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Figure 1-8 Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project

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Figure 1-9 10 Km radius Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project

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Figure 1-10 15 Km radius Google Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project

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Figure 1-11 15Km radius Satellite Map Showing the Existing & Proposed Expansion project

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1.9 Environmental Settings of the Project

The details of environmental setting around the proposed site are given in the followingTable
1-8. Environmental Settings of the Study area (10 Km radius from proposed Expansion Project
Site) is given in Table 1-9.

Table 1-8 Environmental Settings at Project Site

S.No. Particulars Details

1 Location:
Village Mudanai, Kunankurichi and Uthangal
Taluk (Mandal) Vridhachalam
District Cuddalore
State Tamil Nadu
2 Latitude 11034’ N to 110 35’ N
3 Longitude 79026’ E to 790 27’ E
4 Elevation above mean sea level (MSL)
Height :+ 47m to + 57m MSL
Switchyard Area : 55 m MSL
Plant Area : 54 m MSL
IDCT and WTP Area: 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
5 Present land use at the proposed Present land use industrial 608 acres of land
expansion project site already acquired and is in possession of NLC
is to be utilized for construction of proposed
Thermal power plant.

6 Type of Land Barren Land with shrubs

7 Settlements Nil
8 Ecologically Sensitive Areas Nil
9 Water bodies Nil
10 Archaeologically important Monuments Nil
11 Abandoned building structures Nil
12 Nature of soil Red Loamy

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Table 1-9 Environmental Settings of the Study area (10 Km radius from proposed
Expansion Project Site)

S.No. Particulars Details

1 Location:
Village Mudanai, Kunankurichi and Uthangal
Taluk (Mandal) Vridhachalam
District Cuddalore
State Tamil Nadu
2 Latitude 110 34’ N to 110 35’ N
3 Longitude 790 26’ E to 790 27’ E
4 Elevation above
Height : + 47m to + 57m MSL
Mean Sea Level
(MSL) Switchyard Area: 55 m MSL
Plant Area : 54 m MSL
IDCT and WTP Area : 52 m MSL
Ash Silo Area : 47 m MSL
5 Climatic conditions Ambient Temperature Annual Max. - 34.5C
as per IMD (2015 – Annual Min. - 24.4C
2016) Relative Humidity Annual Max. - 100%
Annual Min. - 20%
Rainfall Annual Max. – 1950.3 mm
Annual Min. – 1173.8 mm
Predominant Site Specific:
Wind Direction March – May 2017 – SW
Wind Speed at 8:30 hr. Annual Max. – 4.0 Km/hr.
Annual Min. – 3.1 Km/hr.
6 Present land use at Barren land with shrubs
the proposed site
7 Nearest NH – 532, ~1.5 km (S)
Highway/Road
8 Defence None in 10km radius
installations
9 Nearest railway Uthangal Mangalam: ~1.5 km (NW)
station
10 Nearest airport/air Trichy : ~150 km (S)
strip Chennai : ~185 km (N)
11 Nearest Sea Cuddalore – ~45 km (E)

12 Nearest town Virudhachalam: ~15 km (W)

13 Nearest River Manimukta Nadi: ~7.5 Km (S)
14 Hills/Valleys None in 10km radius
15 Archaeologically None in 10km radius
important places
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16 Nearest place of None in 10km radius

Tourist/Religious
importance
17 Ecologically None in 10Km radius
sensitive areas
(National
Parks/Wildlife
sanctuaries/bio-
sphere reserves)
18 Reserved/Protected Semakottai RF ~3 Km North East
forests within 10 km Semakottai RF ~3 Km North West
radius Velangulam RF ~6 Km North East
Narumanam RF ~2.5 Km West
19 List of Major S.No Industires Distance Direction
Polluting Industries (≈ Km)
1 NLCIL Existing TPS-I 5.8 NE
2 NLCIL Existing TPS-I 6.4 NE
Expansion
3 NLCIL Existing TPS-II & TPS-II 0.9 E
1st Expansion
4 NNTPP (under construction) 4.4 NE
5 NLCIL Existing Mine 1 & IA 5.5 E
6 NLCIL Existing Mine - II 1.3 S
7 NLCIL Proposed Mine - III 8.8 S
8 TAQA IPP 0.5 SW
20 Topography of the Flat terrain with little undulations towards North West
plant site
21 Nature of Soil Red loamy
Note:-Distances indicated are based on aerial measurements

Existing Complex Site photographs

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Park in TPS-I Expansion Substation in TPS-I Expansion

Cooling towers of TPS-I Expansion Aerial view of the TPS unit

Proposed project Site photographs

North side view of the proposed project site West side view of the proposed project site

Aerial view of the poject site Western side of the proposed project site &
Eastern side of the Ash Dyke
Figure 1-12 Photographs of Existing Plants/Units and Proposed Expansion Project Site

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1.10 Environmental Clearance Chronology of NLC

Need for the EIA study

NLCIL is proposing to setup TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW of Supercritical
Lignite based) using pulverized fuel combustion technology. The expansion project will be
housed adjacent and at 0.9 km from the existing 7 X 210 MW (TPS-II) and 2 X 250 MW (TPS-II
1st Expansion) power plant. The land for the project is approximately 608 Acres which is under
possession of NLCIL. The Lignite fuel for the proposed project is to be sourced from basket
NLCIL including Mine – III.
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, S.O. 1533, 14th September 2006,
Schedule – I, the proposed expansion project falls under item 1(d). Based on the expansion
capacity 2x660MW, the power plant is classified as Category “A” and therefore requires prior
Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC).

The present EIA study has been conducted for the proposed Project complying with the ToR
issued vide letter dated March 23rd, 2017, file no - J-13012/11/2016 – IA, I (T). A copy of the
above mentioned letters are enclosed in Appendix I, Based on the above the EIA study has
been undertaken with one seasonal baseline study, public hearing was conducted, and minutes
included. The EIA report is submitted to the EAC/MoEF&CC.
The environmental clearance of the existing TPS-II expansion and its compliance report is given
in Annexure 2, The existing Consent for esatablishment for TPS-II expansion is given in
Annexure 3 & The existing consent for operation and its compliance report is given in Annexure
4.

1.10.1 Project Screening and ToR

Project Chronology
The detailed project chronology is given below inTable 1-10.
Table 1-10 Chronological events of the Project

S.No Event Period Reference

1 Submission of Form I & 30.11.2016 Proposal No - IA/TN/THE/60765/2016
PFR
2 ToR Meeting 28.12.2016 EAC meeting held on 28th Dec 2016.
MoEF & CC File No - J-13012/11/2016-
IA. II (T)
3 Site Visit by Sub – 4-5th February 2017 MOM of 1st Meeting of the reconstituted
committee of EAC EAC (Thermal Power), held on 28th
December, 2016.
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MOM of 3rd Meeting of the reconstituted

EAC (Thermal Power) held on 14th
February 2017.
4 ToR obtained 23.03.2017 J-13012/11/2016-IA. II (T)
5 Baseline Study Period March to May 2017 -
6 EIA submission to DEE, 19.12.2017 Lr.No. NLCIL/CGM/PBD/TS-II(2nd
TNPCB, Cuddalore EXPN/TNPCB/598/2017
District for Public
Hearing
7 Public Hearing notice 12.01.2018 The New Indian Express:
was issued in an English DIPR/59/DISPLAY/2018
daily named ‘The New
Indian Express’ and in a Tamil Daily named Dinamani: 59/2018
Tamil Daily named ‘
Dinamani’
8 Public Hearing was 15.02.2018 -
conducted at Community
Hall, block-29, Neyveli
Township,
Virudhachalam Taluk,
Cuddalore District.
9 Public Hearing 21.02.2018 Lr. No.
Proceedings DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/4825/A/2018

The compliance of TOR condition is given as Appendix II.

1.10.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Studies Undertaken

As per the ToR issued by MoEF &CC, the following studies have been carried out.
 Baseline monitoring studies were carried out by MoEF&CC/NABL approved
environmental testing lab (M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai) during the
period March –May 2017. All the 12 criteria pollutants were measured under the NAAQM
program. The measured air quality data were compared with NAAQ standards.
 Land Use and Land Cover map (Level 2) has been developed using the latest satellite
imagery data.
 Hydrogeological status with the study area is captured based on secondary sources.
 Detailed ecological survey was undertaken at the site during March 2017 to assess the
current ecological status at the project site and its vicinity and also study area
 To establish the current status of socio economic scenario,the study team also visited
the project site and also the study area to review the current land use pattern at the
proposed project site

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 A review of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement aspects and land acquisition status
were carried out.
 Based on a socio economic and amenities survey in the area, a need based Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) plan has been developed with an action plan for CSR
spending for the first five years of operation of the project.
 The prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) of stipulated pollutants were
carried out with the results of baseline studies.
 Water balance, Wastewater quantities, treatment schemes and disposal methods have
also been developed with discussions with client
 Possible vehicle traffic at the power plant (post project scenario) due to transportation of
lignite (partial quantities) and also disposal of fly ash to various end users as per the
identified fly ash utilisation scheme have been estimated.
 The details on the fly ash generation, fly ash disposal and ash pond management etc
have been worked out and presented in the report

1.11 About the EIA Consultant & NABET Accreditation

The EIA report has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. The studies have
been carried out by M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India, based on the
technical inputs provided in the feasibility report prepared by M/s. Desein Private Limited, Delhi.

Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd is accredited by NABET, Quality Council of India with
certificate bearing no. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083, Valid upto 13.10.2019.

1.11.1 Cost of EIA Study

Total Cost of EIA study is Rs.9,41,218/- (Rupees Nine Lakhs Forty One Thousand Two Hundred
and Eighteen Only) including all taxes and duties.

1.12 Environmental Regulations (Lignite Based Thermal Power Plants)

The following environmental laws are applicable to the proposed project: Environment Protection
Act 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1981, Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 as
amended in 2000, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules 2008.

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The following guidelines and regulations are applicable for the proposed project: EIA Notification
and its amendments, Emission and wastewater discharge standards stipulated by Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF & CC) and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB), Noise
Level Standards, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, minimum stack height requirements
specified by Central Pollution Control Board, fly ash utilization notifications etc.

1.13 Applicable Regulatory Framework

The EIA process followed for this EIA report is composed of the following stages:

 Study of project information

 Screening & Scoping
 Environmental pre-feasibility study & application for approval of TOR
 Collection of detailed project management plan/report
 Baseline data collection
 Impact identification, Prediction & Evaluation
 Mitigation measures & delineation of EMP
 Risk assessment and safety & disaster management plan
 Review & finalization of EIA Report based on the TOR requirements.
 Submission of EIA report for implementation of mitigation measures & EMP as well as
necessary clearances from relevant Authority.

The following Acts and Rules are applicable to the proposed project:

The details of Acts and Rules with applicability to the proposed project are given in Table 1-11.

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Table 1-11 Applicable Acts and Rules

Act and Purpose Objective Applicability

S.No Rules
applicable
1. EIA New projects, Expansion Protection and As the proposal is for
Notification modernization, change of Improvement new project
2006 and its product mix of the of the scheduled under
amendments. existing project Environment category 5(f),
Environmental
clearance from
Ministry of
Environment, Forest
& Climate Change is
applicable
2. The Handling of Hazardous Regulate the Preparation/ update
Manufacture, Chemicals manufacture, of On-site Emergency
Storage and storage and Preparedness Plan
Import of import of and submission to
Hazardous Hazardous Factory inspectorate.
Chemicals Chemicals Preparation/ update
Rules, 1989 of Safety Report and
and its submit to Factory
amendments inspectorate.
Preparation of
Material Safety Data
Sheet.
3. The Water New projects, Expansion Prevention, Consent to Establish
(Prevention modernization, change of control and and Consent to
and Control of product mix of the abatement of Operate from State
Pollution) Act, existing project, water pollution Pollution Control
1974 and its Existing plants Board to be obtained
amendments. for expansion and
new product

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Act and Purpose Objective Applicability

S.No Rules
applicable
4. The Air New projects, Expansion Prevention,
Consent to Establish
(Prevention /modernization, change of control
and and
Consent to
and Control of product mix of the abatement of
Operate from State
Pollution) Act, existing project, Existing air pollution
Pollution Control
1981 and its industries Board to be obtained
amendments. for expansion and
new product
5. The Management, Handling Prevention, Hazardous waste
Hazardous and Transboundary Control and Authorization from
waste Movement of Hazardous abatement of State Pollution
(Management, waste pollution Control Board to be
Handling and obtained
Transboundar
y Movement
Rules) 2008
and its
amendments.
6. The New projects, Protection and Environmental
Environmental Expansion/modernization Improvement Standards as
(Protection)Ac change of product mix of of the specified are to be
t,1986 and its the existing project, Environment complied.
Amendments Existing industries Submission of
Environment
Statement on yearly
basis to SPCB
7. The Noise New projects, To protect the Noise control
Pollution Expansion/modernization workers and measure.
(Regulation change of product mix of public from Comply with Noise
and Control) the existing project, noise related standards and
Rules, 2000 Existing industries problems submission of
monthly report to
SPCB

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Act and Purpose Objective Applicability

S.No Rules
applicable
8. The Factories New projects, Control of Factory License from
Act 1948 and Expansion/modernization workplace Factory inspectorate.
its change of product mix of environment,
amendments. the existing project, and providing
Existing industries for good health
and safety of
workers
9. The Explosive New projects, Production, Safety measures are
Act, 1884 Expansion/modernization Storage and compiled for the
change of product mix of import of storage of chemicals
the existing project, explosive in the plant as per
Existing industries substance in PESO guidelines.
and around the
project and
provides the
regulations for
the safety and
environmental
measures
10. The Indian New projects, Boiler act The Act is applicable
Boiler Act, Expansion/modernization contain the law to all Boiler (Water
1923 change of product mix of related to tube and fire tube
the existing project, registration boilers)
Existing industries and inspection
is steam boiler
11. The Central New projects, Check the Adequate
Motor Vehicle Expansion/modernization pollution load environmental
Act, 1988 change of product mix of of vehicles measures are put in
the existing project, inside the plant place to check the
Existing industries vehicular emissions.

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Study of Project Details

Screening and Reconnaissance

Survey

Feasibility Study and Application Of TOR

Scoping and Application Of TOR

Collection Of Detailed Project Plan/Report Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status

Identification Of Monitoring, Locations For Identification of Secondary

Monitoring & Sampling, Analysis Of Data Sources & Collection of
Samples And Generation Of Primary Data Data

Compilation of Verification And Validation of data

Identification, Prediction & Evaluation of Impacts Consequence Analysis & Risk

Assessment

Citation Of Necessary Mitigation Measures, Delineation

of Environment Monitoring And Management Plan Citation Of Necessary Preventive,
Control & Precautionary Measure. And
Delineation of Safety And Disaster
Management Plan

Preparation of Draft EIA Report & Review

Preparation & Issue of Final EIA Report

Public Hearing

Appraisal by SEAC for EC issuance

Figure 1-13 EIA Process Cycle

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1.14 Structure of the EIA Report

This EIA report is structured into Eleven chapters as below.

Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 – Project Description presents details of the proposed project, process and material
balance, raw material and details of various supporting facilities required for the project, and an
outline of the project cost and project implementation schedules.
Chapter 3 – Description of Environment presents a comprehensive description of the baseline
environmental conditions of the study area. This includes the data obtained from primary surveys
and also secondary published data from various authentic sources. All the specified
environmental components such as meteorological data, air quality, noise levels, surface and
ground water resources, surface and ground water quality, geological and mineralogical features,
soil quality, land use and land cover in the study area, cropping pattern, ecological and biological
environmental conditions and socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the proposed. All the
relevant aspects as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) were thoroughly addressed.
Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures presents the
environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and
discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under
project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational phase
environmental impacts and its control.
Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives & Technology gives the description of each alternative
studied, summary of adverse impacts of each alternative, mitigation measures proposed for each
alternative and finallyselectionof best alternative.
Chapter 6 – Environmental Monitoring Programme presents monitoring plan which include
measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules,
emergency procedures & detailed budget.
Chapter 7 – Additional Studies this chapter describes various additional studies carried out for
the project such as risk assessment study, social impact assessement, rehabilitation and
resettlements action plan, occupational health related aspects, Public ConsultationHearing was
carried out and the views and comments of the public on the proposed project also included in
this EIA report.
Chapter 8 – Project Benefits presents the benefits of the project, such as improvements in
physical infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits.

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Chapter 9 – Environmental Management Plan presents the administrative aspects of ensuring

that mitigation measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of
the EIA.
Chapter 10 – Summary & Conclusion presents overall justification for implementation of the
project and it includes the summary and conclusion of EIA Study.
Chapter 11 – Disclosure of Consultants presents the declaration by the EIA consultant
organisation as per the NABET requirements.

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CHAPTER - 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Overview

To meet the growing demand of electricity in our Country, NLCIL has proposed for expansion
of 2x660 MW Supercritical (Pulverised Fuel (PF) Fired) Thermal Power Station Project with
installed capacity of 1320 MW at Mudanai, Kunankurichi & Uthangal Villages, Virdhachalam
Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu State, Inida. It is worthwhile mentioning that the
proposed plant would be the first lignite fired 660 MW Supercritical Unit in India.The salient
features of the project is shown inTable 2-1.

NLCIL has established 2990 MW lignite based Thermal Power Stations at Neyveli comprising
of TPS I (6 X 50 MW + 3 X 100 MW), TPS – I Expansion (2 X 210 MW), TPS II (7 X 210 MW)
& TPS II Expansion (2 X 250 MW) which are at present under commercial operation. In
addition, New Neyveli TPP (2 X 500 MW) is under construction as a replacement to ageing
600 MW TPS – I units. Now, it is proposed to implement a 2 X 660 MW lignite based
SupercriticalThermal Power Station next to Existing TPS-II as TPS – II Second Expansion.
This proposed project is being conceived on the basis of utilizing the spare capacity of
existing ash dump of TPS-II Expansion and water reservoir of the existing TPS II. Hence, the
proposed 2 X 660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based Thermal Power Project is an extension of
the TPS – II and TPS II Second Expansion and the same is named as Thermal Power Station
II second Expansion (TPS II 2E).

The present expansion project of TPS II – Second Expansion Project (2 X 660 MW

Supercritical - Lignite Based) which will be set up adjacent and at 0.9 km from the existing
TPS II (7 X 210 MW) and TPS II IE (2 X 250 MW) power plant. The land for the project is
approximately 608 Acres which is under the possession of NLCIL.

Power Plant is included as Item 1(d) in the Schedule of the EIA Notification issued on
September 14th 2006. Based on the capacity (2x660MW), the power plant is classified as
Category “A”.
Table 2-1Salient Features of Proposed Project

1 Plant Capacity : 1320 MW

2 Plant Configuration : 2X660 MW Super Critical PF Units
Source of Water
3 : Mine water from NLCIL Mines

Total water requirement = 4215 m3/hr

4 Water Requirement :
Fresh water requirement = 3299 m3/hr

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Closed cycle cooling system using Natural Draft

5 Plant Cooling System :
Cooling Tower.
Lignite will be sourced from NLCIL Basket of Mines
6 Primary Fuel & Source :
including Mine III
7 Support Fuel & Source : HFO / LDO from nearest refinery /oil depots.
8 Lignite Fuel GCV : 2720 Kcal/Kg
Lignite Fuel Requirement with
9 Gross Station Heat Rate at : 8.09 Millions Ton per Annum
80% PLF
10 Sulphur Content : 0.5%
11 Ash Content : 10%
ESP Efficiency : 99.5%
12 Support fuel (HFO) at 80% PLF : 20556.8 KL/Year
13 Transportation :
Lignite will be transported from NLC’s mines by pipe
i. Lignite fuel :
/ belt conveyor systems
ii. Support fuel : Support fuel transportation by Road Tankers
The SG would be of drum less type, single pass
design, radiant, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-
14 Steam Generator :
outdoor tower type suitable for outdoor installation
designed for firing Lignite as main fuel.
The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single
reheat, regenerative, condensing (Single Pressure or
15 Steam Turbine Generator : Dual Pressure), multi cylinder design unit directly
coupled to AC Generator giving a continuous rated
output at generator terminals.
Distributed Digital Control & Management
16 Control System :
Information System
One (1) no. of Twin Flue individual stacks in common
17 Chimney :
RCC Stack of 275 meter high.
400 kV through PGCIL / 230 KV through
18 Power Evacuation :
TANTRANSCO
50 months for the first unit & 56 months for the
19 Project Completion Schedule :
second unit.
20 Land Requirement : 608 Acres
Project Capital Cost
Cost of Project including Rs. 8733.49
21 Project Cost : Interest During Crore
Construction
Cost per MW Rs. 6.62 Crore

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2.2 Land for the Project

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has prescribed the land requirement for different
configurations of 660 MW Supercritical Units. As per CEA guidelines the land requirement for
2 x 600 MW Supercritical – Lignite Based power project is 990 acres and NLCIL has
optimized the land requirement to 608 Acres which is less than the stipulated land. The entire
land of 608 Acres required for the project is in possession of NLCIL.

The land required for lignite transportation system, laying of pipeline, ROW, transmission
lines etc., are in possession of NLCIL and there is no litigation.

The plant & associated facilities including green belt and ash disposal is proposed to be
accommodated within 608 acres of land under possession of NLC India Limited.

Land use breakup for the proposed expansion is given in Table 2-2. The Project site layout is
shown in Figure 2-1 & Annexure 5, Current land use pattern is given in Table 2-3.

Table 2-2 Land Use Breakup of the TPS – II Second Expansion

S.No Description Area in Ha Percentage (%)

1 Main Power Block & Auxiliaries 21.04 8.56
2 Switchyard 8.09 3.29
3 Raw Water Reservoir 14.16 5.76
4 Water Facilities, Cooling Tower 26.30
etc. 10.70
5 Ash Dump Area (Existing) 28.32 11.52
6 Miscellaneous Non-plant 37 15.05
buildings, roads etc.
7 Lay down and preassembly 46.13 18.77
area
8 Green Belt 64.74 26.34
Total 245.78 100

Note: 1. The proposed expansion project area is 245.78 Ha i.e 608 Acres and proposed
green belt area is 160 Acres i.e. 26.34 % of total project area. (i.e 37% of main plant
area).
2. Over and above NLCIL proposes to implement Green Belt as to the extent possible
in all the available vacant spaces.

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Figure 2-1 Proposed TPS – II Second Expansion Site Layout

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Table 2-3 Current Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Project Site

Land Particulars Area in Acres

A Private patta land

1 Scrub Land 446.67

2 Rural 40.13
3 Crop Land 53.6
4 Built up / Existing Ash 67.6
Pond
Total 608
Source: http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/state/ts

2.3 Land Acquisition Status

The land for the proposed project is 608 Acres (246.04 Ha) which is under the possession of
NLCIL. The Land Acquisition document enclosed as Annexure 1.

The proposed 2x660MW capacity plant would be accommodated within the land already
available with NLCIL and no additional land to be acquired for this project as land is under
NLCIL ownership.

2.4 Vision of the Project

2.4.1 Introduction

NLCIL’s thermal power station (the units under TPS-I) are South Asia’s first lignite fired and
India’s first pithead based power station. From the lignite extracted from its mines, NLCIL
operates five thermal power stations with an aggregate capacity of 3,240 MW in the states of
Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.

Apart from lignite based power plants, NLCIL also operates one coal based thermal power plant
of 1,000 MW (2 X 500 MW) capacity through its joint venture with TANGEDCO, NLC Tamil
Nadu Power Limited. It has also installed solar and wind based power plants.

The Installed Capacity of the country as on 31.01.2017 was 3,14,642 MW. The per capita
electricity consumption of the country has increased to 1102 KWH in 2016 from 592 KWH in
2003. With the present growth rate of industrialization coupled with availability of power on
demand, the per capita consumption is likely to increase many fold in next 5-7 years.As on
31.01.2017, India has achieved a total installed capacity of 50018 MW from Renewable Energy
Sources and the country has revised its Renewable Energy capacity target to 175 GW mainly
through Solar by the year 2021-2022. Such a high installed solar capacity will necessitate
operation of thermal power plants on daily cyclic mode with lower plant load factor. The units
must also be designed for sudden load ramp up/down. In such a scenario and considering the

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latest environmental norms, it is estimated that ageing non-efficient coal based plants would be
phased out in near future. The high efficient pit head power plants would get better schedule
than most of the load centre thermal power plants existing in the country.

Taking in to account the demand supply scenarios at the end of 12th Plan and 13th Plan Periods,
provision of spinning reserve of 5 % need to be kept in the system as per National Electricity
Policy, the tariff would be quite lower due to this proposed 2 x 660 MW Supercritical lignite
based Thermal Power Project. Due to the Location advantage of the project in terms of
availability of lignite (Mine – III of NLCIL), Water and other facility from the project being a pit
head Supercritical plant and NLCIL will be able to utilize the lignite mined out from its proposed
captive Mine-III, implementation of TPS – II Second Expansion 2 x 660 MW 2nd Expansion of
TPS-II is considered fully justified.

2.4.2 Long Term Vision for the Project

The long term vision of the proposed power project is sustainable power generation
maintaining high standards of efficiency and financial strength, over the design life. life (25
years) and extended life of the project through suitable Renovation and Modernization
Programmes from Time to Time and stated hereunder. The vision of the proposed power
project originates from the vision of the parent company i.e. NLC India Limited “To emerge
as a leading Mining and Power Company, with social responsiveness accelerating Nation’s
growth.”
2.4.2.1 Vision for Project Site

To provide uninterrupted quality power to the India and Southern states grid to bridge the
demand and supply gap.

Optimal utilization of land by maximizing electrical generation per unit area of the plant.
Optimizing specific water consumption requirement for the plant processes to meet the
latest pollution control norms for the thermal power projects prescribed by Ministry of
Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The Project through efficient
operation and maintenance and Renovation and Modernization Programmes from Time to
Time gaining extended life of the project
2.4.2.2 Vision towards Technology Selection

In line with the observations of MoEF & CC and CEA guidelines, it is proposed to adopt
Supercritical technology. It is worthwhile mentioning that the proposed plant would be the first
lignite fired 660 MW Supercritical Unit in India. The advantages of supercritical technology are
listed below:

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 Higher plant efficiency

 Less Fuel Consumption
 Less Infrastructure Investment for Fuel Transport / Storage and Ash
Disposal
 Less Emission (CO2, SOx, NOx, Dust/Ash)
 Less Auxiliary Power Consumption of plant auxiliaries.
 Less Water Consumption (No needs of continuous blow down in case of
once through boiler.)
 Lower operating costs
 Greater operating flexibility
2.5 Process Description and Technology

In thermal Power generation, chemical energy of fuel is first converted into thermal energy
(during combustion), which is then converted into mechanical energy (through a turbine) and
finally into electrical energy (through a generator).

NLCIL has planned to install Supercritical SC pulverized fuel combustion technology for this
proposed 2 x 660 MW power plant, targeting higher efficiency (and hence minimum lignite
consumption) as well as conforming to best possible friendliness to environment at reduced
emission.

Supercritical SC Technology is categorized with higher steam pressure (over and above critical
pressure of 221 bar) exceeding 240 bar and steam temperatures (both super heat &Reheat) ≥
595C.Such technology is well-proven in Europe and Japan. Even with single reheat system,
attractive cycle efficiency is achievable.

Additionally, following pollution control equipment are attached to the once-through steam
generator, for compliance to latest MoEF&CC guidelines.

- Selective Catalytic Reactor (SCR)

- Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD)
- Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

SC is probably the best available ‘clean coal technology’, because it reduces the amount of fuel
(lignite) fired per unit (kw-hr) power generation. Moreover the emission produced by
‘Combustion of fuel’ is also neutralized / captured / restricted before leaving chimney below
statutory limits.

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In today’s Progressive world, fitting / suitable materials are readily available for withstanding
USC Temp. (≥ 595C) and in current competitive environment, reputed (domestic &
international) suppliers are available / ready / supplying regularly USC technology for Indian
Power Plants.

The attempt is to achieve least possible emission of CO2 per KW-Hr even with low grade
(Calorific value) and high moisture lignite, successfully in long run of entire life of plant. USC
selection will promote both efficiency and environment and thus truly justified for this project.

2.5.1 Technology & Layout

The project proposes to use Supercritical pulverized fuel combustion technology, which is a
proven technology for power generation. Around 608 Acres of land is adequate to accommodate
the proposed expansion power plant, which includes the main power block, Switch yard, Raw
Water Reservoir, Cooling Tower, Ash Dump (Existing) and Green belt etc.,
The Layout plan showing proposed project layout plan is given in Figure 2-1. Annual Lignite
requirement for the plant shall be around 8.09 MTPA considering PLF of 80% and the same is
proposed to be met from nearby mine blocks of NLCIL.

The Lignite based Thermal Power Station is designed for the capacity of 2 X 660 MW to achieve
efficiency without scarcity. It has been decided to operate the steam parameters in Supercritical
range for firing 100 % lignite fuel. The SG would be of drumless type, single pass design,
radiant, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor tower type rated to deliver 1930 t/hr of
superheated steam at 270 ata(a), 600±5ºC with feed water temperature of about 295±2.5ºC at
the economizer inlet. The reheat steam temperature would be of 600±5ºC.

The SG would be designed to handle and burn Heavy Furnace Oil (HFO)/Light Diesel Oil (LDO)
as HFO/LDO up to 30% SG MCR (maximum continuous rating) capacity for flame stabilization
during low-load operation. For unit light up and warm up purposes, HFO would be used with
steam atomization; alternatively LDO can be used with air atomization.
The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat, regenerative, condensing (Single
Pressure or Dual Pressure), multi cylinder design with separate HP, separate IP and separate
LP casing(s) OR combined HP-IP and separate LP casing(s), directly coupled with generator
suitable for indoor installation.

2.5.1.1 Thermodynamic Cycle

A Supercritical pressure reheat steam cycle with regenerative feed heating arrangement is
proposed.

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The main steam from the boiler, after expansion through the HP turbine, would be sent back
to the boiler for reheating. The reheated steam, after expansion through double flow IP and
LP turbines respectively would be exhausted into the main condenser, where the exhaust
steam from the LP turbine would be cooled and condensed by circulation of cooling water
and its vacuum would be maintained by two (2) (1 working + 1 standby)100% capacity
vacuum pumps. The condensate from the hot well would be extracted by 3 x 50% capacity
condensate extraction pumps (2 working + 1 standby) and pumped to the de-aerator
through condensate polishing unit (when in use), gland steam condenser and the LP
heaters. The feed water after being de -aerated in the de-aerator would be drawn by the
boiler feed pumps and pumped to the respective boiler through the high-pressure heaters.
Four (4) 50% capacity boiler feed pumps have been envisaged for each unit. The boiler
feed pumps will be provided with variable speed hydraulic coupling, lube oil system,
automatic leak off and minimum flow bypass valves. Feed water will be heated up in the
feed water heaters progressively by bled steam drawn from cold reheat line and extraction
points of the IP Turbine and Condensatewater wouldbe heated in the LP Heaters by steam
extracted from the extractions from LP Turbine.

Condensate drain from the HP heaters would be cascaded to the de -aerator feed storage
tank and drain from the LP heaters would be cascaded to the condenser through the drain
cooler.

Auxiliary steam for the station will be drawn from a suitable point in the boiler and after
pressure reduction and de-super heating would be used for various services. Auxiliary
steam system shall supply steam to the de -aerator, turbine gland sealing system (during
light load and start-up conditions), fuel oil heating and atomization system etc. Provisionfor
steam supply to auxiliary steam system from cold reheat piping through adequately sized
pressure reducing and de –super heating station will be made. The 660 MW units will also
be provided with adequately sized HP and LP turbine bypass stations for quick hot start and
boiler stability with large load rejections.

2.5.2 Power Evacuation System

The total power generated by the power plant will be 1320 MW (2x660MW). After meeting
auxiliary power consumption of about 90.42 MW (6.85 %), 1229.58 MW (1446.56 MVA at
0.85 PLF) will be available for export. Generated power will be at a voltage level of 21-24 kV
as per manufacturer’s standard voltage at the generator terminals.

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The initial power required for startup shall be taken from 230kV sub station through a 230kV
line feeder which shall be connected to 230/11kV station transformer as shown in the Single
Line Diagram.

2.5.2.1 Auxiliary Power Supply System

For each 660 MW unitthe nos. of BFPs (Boiler Feed Pumps) shall be 2x50% TDBFP (Turbine
Driven Boiler Feed Pump) and 1x30% MDBFP(Motor Driven Boiler Feed Pump) with space
provision for 1x30% MDBFP.

During start up of the unit as also during outage of one of the TDBFPs, the MDBFP will be
running on full load. As per CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) norms, the
auxiliary power requirement of a thermal power plant having electric motor driven BFPs and
natural draft cooling towers is to be considered as 6.85 % of the generated power i.e. about
90.42 MW (106.38 MVA at an average power factor of 0.85) for each 660 MW plant.

Various auxiliaries would be supplied at the following nominal voltages depending upon their
ratings and functions:

 11000 V  10%, 50 Hz  5%, 3 phase, 3 wire, resistance grounded AC supply for

motors rated above 750 kW.
 3300 V  10%, 50 Hz  5%, 3 phase, 3 wire, resistance grounded AC supply for
motors rated above 160 kW and upto 750 kW.
 415 V,  10%, 50 Hz  5%, 3 phase, 3 wire, solidly grounded AC supply for motors
rated 160 kW and below and other L.V. services
 230 V,  10%, 50 Hz  5%, 1 phase AC supply for lighting, space heating of motors
and panels, single phase motors, etc.
 220 V, ungrounded DC supply for protection, control and indication.

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Construction Power

Construction power to the tune of 2.5–5 MW is expected to be required during various phases
of construction. Since this is a brownfield site, start-up power from back charging and
construction power through 11 kV cables.

It is proposed to step down the available 33kV supply to 11 kV by 2 Nos. suitably rated
(approx. 5 MVA) 33/11 kV step down transformer Construction power supply shall be
provided at 11 kV voltage level.

Generator Transformers

The Generator Transformer for each 660 MW unit will comprise three (3) single (1) phase
units, 275 MVA ODAF/OFAF/ONAN cooled oil-immersed outdoor type with class 'A'
insulation. The low voltage side of the transformer will have isolated phase bus duct
connection to the generator while the high voltage side will be connected to the 400 KV
Switchyard by means of ACSR overhead conductors. Voltage ratio for the GTs will be
(420/3)/21kV. Each Transformer will be provided with off circuit taps of +/-5% in steps of
2.5%.The three phase windings of the transformer will be connected in star on HV with
neutral brought out for solid grounding.The secondary windings will be connected in delta.The
vector group will be Ynd11.

Each transformer will be provided with a lightning surge arrester on each phase.

One single phase unit will be provided as common standby for the six GTs and will be
suitably placed in the transformer yard.

Station Transformers for Startup Power

Startup power for the Units will be obtained from 230 kV system through 3 phase, three
winding 230/11.5/11.5 kV, 100/50/50 MVA OFAF/ONAF/ ONAN cooled station transformer.
Two (2) nos. Station Transformers, will supply power to 11 kV station buses. OLTC in the
range +10% and in steps of 1.25% will be provided on HV side of the station transformer to
maintain constant voltage on 11 kV buses.

Unit Transformers

Two (2) 3-phase transformers of 21-24/11kV Dyn1, 40 MVA rated with ONAN/ ONAF cooling
will be provided for each unit to supply unit auxiliary loads viz. boiler and turbine house
auxiliaries & LT auxiliary transformers. OLTC will be provided on HV winding of the UATs with
 10% range in steps of 1.25% each for maintaining constant voltage on the 11 kV side.

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2.5.3.2 Power Requirement

Power requirement of the project is 400 kV from PGCIL and 230 kV from TANTRANSCO. DG
sets will act as emergency powe supply. The details of power requirement are given in Table
2-4.
Table 2-4 Power and Energy Requirement

Details Proposed Source

400 kV Through PGCIL network
Power Evacuation
230 kV Through TANTRANSCO lines
Emergency power supply 3 x 1750 kVA DG sets
Boiler 2 x 1930 TPH -
HSD for DG 200 lt/hr IOCL
Fuel consumption for boiler Basket of Mines including
27720 TPD
(Lignite) proposed Mine III

As per CERC norms, the auxiliary power requirement of a lignite based thermal power plant
having natural draft cooling towers with FGD is considered as 6.85% of the generated power
i.e. about 90.42 MW (106.38 MVA at an average power factor of 0.85).

2.5.3.3 ManPower Requirement

The estimated manpower shall be about 850 nos. during construction phase and about 1000
nos. during the operation stage including contract workmen.

2.5.3.4 Power-House & Ancillary Building

Station Building
The station building would be a non-basement structure.For proposed plant, the steam turbine
generator and auxiliary equipment would be located in the A-B bay of the building having span
in the range of 30 to 35m and is accommodated in a length of 10.5 m x 24 bays (Approx.). The
total length of the station building would be in the range of 240 to 260 m which includes one
unloading cum maintenance bay of 10.5 m width towards one end of the station building.The B-
C bay having a span of 12 m would be housing the heaters.The control room and electrical
building of approximate size will be located on the side of the station building to accommodate
switch gear, electronic panels and control instrumentation equipment.
For the Proposed Plant, the super structure would be of structural steel framing with RCC
floor slabs on permanent colour coated metal deck shuttering.

The turbine-generator pedestal would be of reinforced concrete frame structure and would be
isolated from the building foundations and super-structure.Steam turbine generator would be
supported on vibration isolation system.

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Steam-Generator Area and Mill Bay

For the Proposed plant, the mill bay would be of structural steel-framed construction,
supporting the steel bunkers.
Stack
The Reinforced Concrete Bi-flue Stack of 275 m high shall comprise of two nos.
insulated/lined steel flues enclosed by a wind shield of reinforced concrete shell to suit
MOEF norms with R&P Elevator.
Crusher House

The building super structure shall be of structural steel frame provided with roof and side
cladding with pre-color coated Regular modified Polyster, galvanized steel sheeting. Adequate
number of steel doors, windows and rolling shutters shall be provided for access and proper
ventilation.Two numbers staircases (One internal and one external) shall be provided.All flooring
in the crusher house shall be in RCC with ironite finishing.

A cooling water (CW) pump house for housing cooling water pumps shall be provided. Separate
bays shall be provided for each pump bay by providing intermediate dividing piers of RCC
between the pumps.

Miscellaneous buildings will be RCC / Steel construction as per technological requirement with
adequate floor area and size.

2.5.3 Steam generating unit and Auxiliaries

The steam generator (SG) would be of Supercritical parameters and designed for firing 100%
lignite fuel available from the existing Neyveli mines. The SG would be of drumless type, single
pass design, radiant, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor tower type rated to deliver
2150t/hr of super heated steam at 281ata(a), 600±5ºC with feed water temperature of about
295±2.5ºC at the economizer inlet. The reheat steam temperature would be of 600±5ºC.

The SG would be designed to handle and burn Heavy Furnace Oil (HFO)/Light Diesel Oil (LDO)
as secondary fuel up to 30% SG MCR (maximum continuous rating) capacity for flame
stabilization during low-load operation. For unit light up and warm up purposes, HFO would be
used with steam atomization; alternatively LDO can be used with air atomization.

The steam generator will be capable of operating on sliding parameter. The load charge for
sliding parameter will be from 40% SGMCR (Steam Generator Maximum Continious Rating) to
100% TGMCR (Turbo Generator Maximum Continious Rating).

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The steam generator would consist of steam separator, separator storage tanks, water cooled
furnace, radiant and convection super-heaters, re-heaters, attemperators, economiser, start-up
water re-circulation pump, regenerative air heaters, steam coil air pre-heaters, etc.

2.5.3.1 Furnace
The furnace will be radiant, dry bottom type with tangential and enclosed by water cooled and all
welded membrane walls. The furnace bottom shall be suitable both for installation of water
impounded bottom ash systemand submerged scrapper chain conveying system. Spray type
attemperator is envisaged to control the super heater and reheater outlet temperature for
varying loads. The super heater and reheater tubes will be a combination of radiation and
convection type.Economizer will be non-steaming type and shall be of modular construction.
2.5.3.2 Steam generator Circulation System

The steam generator start up system envisages boiler start up drain system with boiler start up
drain circulation pump. Separator(s) will be used during start up for separating the steam water
mixture, above which it will be running dry. Lower part of furnace / water wall will consist of
vertical plain/rifle tubesor wrap around /helical tubes.
2.5.3.3 Air and Flue Gas System

A balanced draft system will be provided. There will be two (2) axial type FD fans and two (2)
axial type ID fans and two (2) pairs of regenerative rotary type air pre -heaters. Only one pair of
air pre-heater will be used for primary air system & second pair for secondary air system. Four
(4) numbers of steam coil air pre -heaters-two on primary and two on secondary air system will
be provided for start-up,low load operation or abnormal conditions when an increased air inlet
temperature is considered desirable to minimize the cold end corrosion of regenerative air pre -
heaters.
2.5.3.4 Fuel Oil Burning System

Start-up, warm up and low load (upto 30%) carrying shall be done by Light Diesel Oil (LDO).
Boiler will be so designed that oil firing for flame stabilization will not be required beyond 30%
MCR. Necessary pumps, filters and heaters willbe provided. I gnition of heavy oil shall be
directly by high energy arc igniters.
2.5.3.5 Lignite Burning System

All the mills working at 80% of their rated capacity would also meet the fuel requirements of
the steam generator at BMCR rating while firing the worst lignite. The lignite burning system
would be designed to achieve optimum combustion with a maximum of 20% to 25% excess
air. Each of the beater wheel mills supplies pulverized lignite to one group of burners which
consists of two or more elevations of burners located one above the other.

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The required fuel oil pressurizing units would be provided. High-energy electric arc igniters
would be provided to ignite the fuel oil guns. Features to prevent possible slagging if any and
suitable de-slagging devices will be contemplated.
2.5.3.6 Auxiliary Steam System

Auxiliary Boiler
One number outdoor installation type, natural circulation, single / bi-drum, pressurized furnace,
water tube Boiler suitable for firing HFO/LDO and having required steaming capacity but not less
than 60 T/hr. (Excluding steam requirement of Auxiliary Boiler) with operating steam parameters
of 19 kg/sq.cm(g) pressure & 250 deg. C temperature at super-heater outlet. Output steam of the
auxiliary boiler shall be connected to the low temperature station header.

Boiler and its supporting auxiliaries are capable to generate 110% MCR steaming capacity for
half hour every shift of eight hours.

The steam temperature control range of Auxiliary boiler shall be from 60% to 100% load.

2.5.3.7 Air Pollution Control Device:

 One (1) no. of Twin Flue RCC Stack of 150 meter high, Civil Aviation Clearance will
be obtained for installing one (1) no. of 150 meter high Twin flue RCC Chimney from
AAI/GOI.
Table 2-5 Air Pollution Source & Control Measures

Air Chimney height (in mts) & air

Fuel No of
Pollution Proposed pollution control system provided
Quantity Stacks
Source proposed
3 x 1750 30 m height from ground level as per
DG HSD 200 LPH 3
kVA TNPCB/CPCB norms
APC provided are ESP, FGD and
DENOX system, and the emission of
PM,SO2,NOX are estimated to be less
than, PM 30 mg/NM3, 100 mg/NM3&
2 x 1930 Lignite 27720
Boiler 1 100 mg/NM3 respectively, in view of
TPH TPD
the provision FGD & DENOX system
emission, MoEF & CC come out draft
notification (no) for reduce the stack
height..

 FGD system will be installed in flue gas duct to the chimney as per latest
environmental stipulation. The design and layout of steam generator and its auxiliaries
will take into account wet flue gas desulphurization system, taking suction from duct

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after ID fan and feeding the de-sulphurised flue gases back to the chimney with
provision for bypassing the FGD system during start up of unit.
 SC [attached with the above emission capture equipment] is probably the best
available ‘Clean coal technology’, because it reduces the amount of fuel (lignite) fired
per unit of (kg/kwhr) Power generation, moreover, the emission produced by
‘Combustion of fuel’ is also Neutralized / captured / restricted before leaving chimney
below statutory limits.
 DeNOx technology – Selective Catalytic reduction technology will be installed in the
boiler to meet latest NOx emission norm.
 After commissioning NNTPP 2 x 500 MW, the Proponent plans to phase out the
existing 600 MW Thermal Power Station-I. (Letter sent to CPCB Lr No. 002/GM/TPS-
I/CPCB/2018 dated 10/02/2018 is enclosed as Annexure 20)
 Proponent plans to install FGD in TPS-I expansion and TPS-II.

2.5.3.8 Electrostatic Precipitators

Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) will be installed to control the emission of ash particles. The
precipitators will be designed to limit the particulate emission to less than 30 mg/Nm3. As per
the MoEF&CC amended notification (5.0.3305 (E) dated 7th December, 2015), all new plants
to be installed after 10th Jan. 2015 shall have to meet the updated Standard Environmental
(Protection) Act, 1986 with the following emission limits:

PM - 30 mg/Nm3
SO2 - 100 mg/Nm3
NOx - 100 mg/Nm3
Hg - 0.03 mg/Nm3
One (1) no. stack of 275 m height will be provided based on existing CPCB / MoEF&CC
norms for wider dispersion. For the control of fugitive dust emission within and around the fuel
handling plant, fuel dust extraction and suppression systems will be provided.

The steam generator unit will be provided with electrostatic precipitators. The ESP will have
adequate number of ash hoppers provided with electric heaters. Microprocessor based ESP
controller will be provided. The ESP will be designed to control particulate matters in flue gas
to a maximum of 30 mg/Nm3, while firing the worst fuel at BMCR condition.

2.5.3.9 Flue Gas De-Sulphurisation (FGD)

The FGD system shall be provided to treat the flue gases so produced in the furnace in order
to keep the SOX value within the prescribed norms. The FGD system shall be having

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limestone scrubber of a proven design & shall be capable of meeting plant emission
requirement to prevent a visible stack plume and MoEF&CC requirement i.e.

Particulate Matter - 30 mg/Nm3

Sulphur Dioxide (So2) - 100 mg/Nm3
Oxide of Nitrogen (Nox) - 100 mg/Nm3
Mercury (Hg) - 0.03 mg/Nm3
 The limestone SO2 system shall be furnished complete, with necessary pumps, piping
and valves, control and instrumentation and moisture separators for the flue gas.

 FGD system shall be designed to remove SO2 for all load conditions from minimum
continuous through BMCR to meet the limits.

 FGD system shall be designed and constructed to operate as specified at maximum

continuous rated load 24 hours per day, 7days per week, 365 days per year, except
during unit outages. Particulate matter in the flue gas leaving the boiler shall be
removed by ESP.

 FGD system shall include an emergency water quench system to protect absorber
module, linings, and internals from damage in the event of loss of water to scrubber
module at normal flue gas temperature for a period of 30 minutes.

 The control system shall be PLC-based with dual redundant data links utilizing
MODBOUS protocol for interface with plant DCS.

2.5.3.10 Mercury abatement as co-benefit of reduction of NOx, SO2 and dust by the
operation of pollution control through ESP, FGDand DeNox system.

Continuous Environment Monitoring System (CEMS):

Separate Continuous Environment Monitoring System shall be envisaged for each Unit as per
Emission latest Regulation of CPCB/State PCB. CEMS shall comprise of Flue Gas Oxygen
analyzer for control and monitoring, Carbon Monoxide, SOx / NOx, Dust & Opacity analyzer,
Mercury analyser for Boiler Emission monitoring system. The CEMS shall be interfaced with
state PCB suitably. All stack emission monitoring instruments shall be of Extraction type. A
programmable controller shall be provided for signal output, alarms, calibration cycle timers
and measurement indication for each analyzer. Each analyser shall be independent and shall
not share power supply processor etc. All the data shall also be available on DDCMIS for
analysis and monitoring from CEMS.

Following are the Flue Gas measurements and their locations:

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i) Zirconia Probe type Boiler Flue Gas Oxygen analyzer and before and after APH for
control and monitoring (i.e. HT O2 Analyser and LT O2 Analyser).

ii) Stack emission monitoring system comprising of CO, SOx/ NOx, Dust, Opacity
analyzer, Mercury Analyser.

2.5.4 Turbine Generator Unit and its Auxiliaries

Steam turbine generator sets shall include with lube oil and control oil system, unit and
central oil purification system, turbine gland sealing system, turbine integral and other
miscellaneous piping, generator seal oil system, generator stator water cooling system,
generator rotor cooling system, water cooled condenser, condenser air evacuation system,
condenser on load tube cleaning system, 3x50% condensate extraction pumps, feed water
heating plant with minimum seven regenerative feed heaters including deaerating feed water
heater with storage tank, 2x50% Turbine driven Boiler feed pumps and 1x50% motor driven
Boiler Feed Pump with variable speed fluid coupling, 65% HP & LP steam bypass system,
EOT crane, power cycle piping, equipment cooling water system, Condensate Polishing Unit
(CPU), air receivers for compressed air system & compressed air piping around TG building,
elevators for TG hall and service building, miscellaneous cranes & hoists, air conditioning and
ventilation system.

Steam Turbine Type:

The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat, regenerative, condensing
(Single Pressure or Dual Pressure), multi cylinder design with separate HP, separate IP and
separate LP casing(s) OR combined HP-IP and separate LP casing(s), directly coupled with
generator suitable for indoor installation.

The steam turbine generator shall also be capable of delivering at generator terminals at least
105% of rated output (Guaranteed Output) without any constraints with all the valve wide
open, rated steam condition and condenser pressure as optimised by bidder targeting lowest
heat rate with 0% makeup.

The steam turbine cycle shall consists of minimum three numbers of HP heaters with
extraction for top HP heater from HP turbine, one de super heater (if applicable), one number
of deaerator and minimum three numbers of LP heaters and shall be suitable for satisfactory
operation under tropical conditions. The technical features of the steam turbine is give in
Table 2-6.

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Table 2-6 Technical features of the steam turbine

Description Unit Features

Type - Tandem Compounded

Number of cylinders - Three (3)
Type of governing - Digital electro hydraulic
Speed RPM 3000
Rated output (continuous) kW 660,000
Turbine Throttle main Steam Pressure ata 270
Turbine Throttle main Steam °C 600±5
Temperature
Reheat steam inlet pressure ata 70
Reheat steam temperature °C 600±5
Main Steam Flow at HP Turbine inlet t/hr 1930
Reheat steam flow t/hr 1778.5
Condenser Pressure with kg (abs) 77 mm of Hg (a) or As optimised
correspondence to 33C cooling water by bidder targeting lowest heat
inlet temperature rate
Final Feed Water temp at economizer °C 295±2.50C or As optimised by
Inlet bidder targeting lowest heat rate
Maximum temperature rise of °C Not more than 9 Deg. C
circulating water
Frequency variation range around -5% to +3%
rated frequency of 50 Hz (47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz)

2.5.4.1 Condensing Equipment

The function of the condenser is to condense the steam exhausted from the LP cylinders and
to produce and maintain as high a vacuum as possible in order to increase the enthalpy drop,
which can be utilised in the turbine.

Twin condensers will be provided per unit with cooling water side of condenser in
series/parallel. Condenser will be of box type construction with divided water box design
which facilitates the operation of one half of condenser while the other half is under
maintenance. The steam space will be of rectangular construction. The condenser will be
provided with integral air cooling system from where air and non-condensable gas are drawn
out with the help of air evacuation equipment.

Condenser tube will be of stainless steel. The layout of the tube will be of modular type
having properly sized tube bundles.

2.6 Requirement of Major Inputs for Power Generation

2.6.1 Lignite

Lignite Requirement for 2x660 MW capacities has been assessed as 8.09 MTPA for 100%
Lignite fuel. Lignite will be sourced from NLCIL Basket of Mines including Mine III.The source

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of lignite fuel will be from NLCIL basket of Mines including Mine III allocated by Ministry of
Coal.The maximum ash content of lignite is 10% having an ash generation of 577.5 TPH/unit
(with GCV of 2720 kcal/kg). The ash collected in Seven (7) nos. Intermediate Surge hopper
(ISH) from ESP, APH and Duct hoppers in dry form and then it is conveyed to Two (2) nos
Silo of 1000 MT capacity for each unit..

2.6.2 Lignite Transportation and Handling System

2.6.2.1 Lignite Transportation

For grinding and transporting the lignite, high speed beater wheel mills running at a speed of
600 rpm would be employed. Since the mill itself functions as fan cum pulverizer having
limited pressure capacity, these mills are located around steam generator. The number of
mills would be so chosen that the BMCR rating would be met while firing the worst lignite with
one mill stand by and the maximum continuous rating of 660 MW (TMCR) would be obtained
for design lignite with 2 mills as standby.

Comparison of Various Modes of Transport for Conveying Lignite, From Lignite Mines to
Power Plant through a distance of 12.4 Km.

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Table 2-7 Comparison of Various Modes of Transport for Conveying Lignite

S.No. Mode Of Technical Aspects Economic Aspect Remarks

Transport
1. Railway Due to moisture in lignite, the lignite wagons cannot be High Capital Investment due to : Not recommended
Transportation fully emptied by wagon unloading equipment viz. wagon Construction of Railway Tracks,
tippler, track hopper / bottom discharge wagon etc. culverts, bridges, drains etc.
Wagon unloading system will frequently choke. hence Construction of Railway siding,
not recommended procurement of Locos, loco shed
etc. at Power plant site..
At mine site high loading rates into
rail wagons cannot be achieved
due to moisture in lignite. As a
result additional rakes would be
required.
2. Truck Inefficient unloading operation of Lignite from Trucks/ High Capital Investment due to : Not recommended
TransportationTippler / Truck tippler/ Reclaim Hopper etc. at power plant Construction of roads, culverts,
site due to moisture in lignite bridges, drains etc.
At mine site high loading rates into trucks cannot be Construction of truck parking sheds
achieved due to moisture in lignite. As a result additional at Power plant site.
trucks/tipper would be required. Large fleet of trucks required
Environmental issues due to spillage of lignite on route Maintenance costs for trucks/ road
and operation of diesel operated trucks. along route.
3. Pipe Conveyor High mass flow rates/enclosed conveying system suitable Higher pipe belt costs as compared Recommended &
System for long distance conveying/dust free installation/very good to troughed belts but substantial proposed
for environmentally sensitive area/no loss of material on reduction in structural steel costs
route for supporting structure viz.
Reduced width as against troughed belts. gallery/trestles etc. due to narrow
Flexible routing [as it can have higher inclination of width of gallery.
belt]both vertical &horizontal curves can be incorporated Cost effective due to elimination of
whereby least no of transfer points i.e. transfer multiple Junction Towers/conveyor

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S.No. Mode Of Technical Aspects Economic Aspect Remarks

Transport
towers/drive equipment etc. required drives/electrical works etc.
Lower width of corridor for foot prints of Trestles/ higher Lower width of corridor for foot
trestle spacing for pipe conveyors compared with troughed prints of trestles & hence lower cost
belts. of land acquisition.
Eliminates belt edge damage that occurs with troughed
belts.
Generally allows for minimum 50% increase in attainable
angle of incline over troughed belts. Hence shorter
conveying length.
4. Open, High Capital cost due to Not Recommended
troughed belt Environmental issues occur due to spillage of lignite from a) Acquisition of wider corridor
conveyor troughed belts in sensitive area, dusting during dry (as compared to pipe belts)
(Conventional season. b) High construction cost due
Type) Higher width/higher corridor width for foot prints of trestle. to Additional Junction Towers,
Loss of material due to spillage Heavy structural fabrication work
Several Junction Towers/drives etc. are required for for Conveyor Gallery (~ 9.3m
changing direction of material flow towards Power Plant wide) trestles etc. Gallery span
Site from Mine Site. (limited to about 30m)
Wide corridor for foot prints of Trestles of Conveyor (2000 c) Multiple drives as result of
mm belt Width x Double Conveyor) several Junction Towers
d) Additional costs due to Dust
Control System at various Junction
Towers

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2.6.2.2 Lignite Handling System

1 The entire Lignite handling system is divided into two (2) Parts---Part-1: External Lignite
Handling System [ELHS], Part 2: Internal Lignite Handling System [ILHS]:-
2 External Lignite Handling System: This plant will be located at Mine Site and Pipe
Conveyor# PC-1A/1B (from ELHS) shall feed (-) 200mm Lignite to Crusher House# CRH-
1 (at Power Plant site). Please refer Flow Diagram attached.
Internal Lignite Handling System.: This shall commence from Crusher House# CRH-1
[within power plant site] and shall terminate at Lignite Bunkers for Unit-1&2 [within power
plant site]
3 Internal Lignite Handling System (ILHS) consisting of two (2) identical & parallel streams
to operate at rated capacity of 3000 tph each are envisaged for the proposed Power
Plant to cater to the fuel requirements of 2X660MW Units i.e. Unit – 1&2. System shall be
designed for duty of 24 Hr./day round the clock operation.
4 External Lignite Handling System (ELHS) consisting of two (2) identical & parallel
streams [3000 tph rated capacity each] is envisaged to deliver (-) 200mm Lignite [from
Lignite mines] to Power Plant site. In view of high cost of transportation of Lignite using
Trucks/ Road mode, Pipe Conveyor System for lignite transportation is envisaged from
Lignite Mines to Power Plant Site (Refer Table 5)
5 System Description: Internal Lignite Handling System
6 Lignite of lump size (-) 200 mm, shall be brought to power plant site in Crusher House#
CRH-1 using Pipe Conveyor # PC-1A/1B.
7 Crusher House [i.e. Bldg # CRH-1] is provided to crush (-) 200mm lignite down to (-)
80mm lignite.
8 In the crusher house #CRH-1, lignite will be prescreened by roller screen # RS-
1A/2A/1B/2B [to remove (-) 80mm lignite from its feed] and subsequently (-)
200mm+80mm lignite will be fed into crusher # CR-1A/2A/1B/2B to crush input lignite to
(-) 80mm product. Crushed lignite [from crusher bottom and undersize material from
bottom of roller screen, both having lump size of (-) 80mm] shall be fed onto Conv # BF-
1A/1B which in turn will feed crushed lignite onto Conv# BC-1A/1B.
9 Conv# BC-1A/1B are provided with Belt Weigher [to know feed rates to bunker],
Suspended Electromagnet followed by Metal Detector [for separation of tramp metal] so
that metal free lignite is fed to Lignite Bunkers for Unit-1/2.
10 From JT-1, lignite will be fed into Lignite Bunkers for Unit-1/2 via Belt Conveyor# BC-
2A/2B/3A/3B/4A/4B/5A/5B, Reversible Conv# RBF-2A/2B/3A/3B/4A/4B, and Bunker
Feeding Conv# BFC-1A/1B/2A/2B having V-Plow Feeders to discharge Lignite into
Bunkers of Unit-1&2.
11 System Description: External Lignite Handling System
12 At Mine Site, Sacrificial Conveyor # SFC-1A/1B will take feed from Lignite Stockpiles
(others scope). Sacrificial Conveyor # SFC-1A/1B in turn, will feed lignite to Pipe Belt
Conveyor # PC-1A/1B and subsequently Pipe Belt Conveyor # PC-1A/1B shall feed
lignite to Crusher house # CRH-1 located at Power Plant Site. The pipe conveyor shall
cross road and railway track so NLCIL to suitably take approval from the appropriate
authority.

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13 Sacrificial Conveyors # SFC-1A/1B (at Mine Site) are proposed to be provided with Belt
Weigher Suspended Magnet , Metal Detector & and also Inline Magnetic Separator, so
that metal free lignite is fed into Pipe Belt Conv.# PC-1A/1B.
14 To ensure trouble free flow of lignite from one equipment to the succeeding equipment,
one to one equipment feeding i.e. single way chute arrangement are incorporated in
ELHS as well as in ILHS.
15 Throughout its route, Pipe Belt Conv.# PC-1A/1B shall cross the roads & railway tracks.
NLCIL shall suitably take appropriate approval from concerned rail/ road authorities.
16 Important Technical Features (ILHS/ELHS):
17 Both Lignite Handling Systems shall be designed so that both streams can be operated
simultaneously. Adequate facilities shall be provided for crushing/ storage/ reclaim and
conveyance of crushed Lignite to Lignite Bunkers in above ILHS/ELHS.
18 All Junction Towers & Crusher House shall be in steel frame construction with RCC floors
& RCC roof. Side cladding shall be of precolor coated sheeting.
19 ILHS/ELHS shall also include all other necessary & required equipments / Aux systems/
items etc. as noted below for their satisfactory operation.
20 Reversible Belt Feeder at discharge end of appropriate conveyors shall be provided for
stream selection [changing] for flexibility of operation.
21 Six (6) no. Elevator shall be provided, one (1) in Crusher House # CRH-1, one (1) each
in Junction Tower # JT-1/2/3/4/5 near Bunkers of Unit-1 & 2.
22 For Buildings viz. Junction Towers / Crusher House etc. ----- Manual Hoists/ Electric
Operated Hoist are envisaged for handling cum maintenance purpose for equipments.
23 For Main Control Room, Split type window A.C. unit shall be provided in addition to wall-
mounted swiveling fans. Exhaust fans for Battery Room, Split type A.C. unit for Electric
House of Stacker M/C & Reclaimer M/C are envisaged.
24 Semi-Automatic bunker filling operation using PLC shall be provided.
25 DDCMIS system shall be provided for operation & control of plant.
System Requirements: Following Tables describe the Lignite handling capacities
26
required for ILHS & ELHS.

Table 2-8 Capacity determination of Lignite Handling System (ILHS/ELHS)

S. Description Symb Unit Ref./Formula Value

No. ol

1 Fuel to be used -- -- -- Lignite

2 Unit Capacity Cp1 MW -- 660
3 No. of Units Np no. Unit-1/2 2
4 Total Installed MW IMW MW IMW = Cp1 x Np 1320
5 Hourly fuel consumption for q0 tph -- 1425
2x 660 MW
6 Lignite Consumption per day q1 tpd q1 = q0 x 24 34211
for 2x660MW
7 Operating hour per day per t0 hr. -- 12
fuel stream

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8 No. of fuel Stream provided N no. However, both streams shall 2 [1W+1S]
operate simultaneously
whenever required.
9 Capacity of single fuel Q tph Q=( q1 x 1.05) /12 2993
stream with 5% margin
10 Conveyor System Capacity Q tph -- 3000
proposed
11 Capacity of ILHS (per Q1 tph Q = Q1 = Q2 3000
stream)
12 Capacity of ELHS (per Q2 tph -- 3000
stream)

Table 2-9 Belt Speed & Width selection for conveyor system

S. Description Symbo Unit Ref./Formula Value

No l
1 Material handled - - -- Lignite
2 Maximum Lump Size [ELHS] - mm At Mine Site Conveyor 200
3 Maximum Lump Size [ILHS] - mm At Power Plant Site 200
Conveyor
4 Bulk density ρ t/m3 ----- 0.8
5 Capacity of CHP stream Q tph Table-1 3000
6 Area of load for 2000mm Belt
Width x 40° Tr. Angle x 3-eq roll x
20° surcharge angle A m2 IS: 11592, Pg.8 0.49
7 Slope factor for 14° inclination of
belt K1 ---- ---- 0.91
8 Fill factor K2 ---- ---- 0.95
9 Effective cross sectional area of
load on belt Ae m2 Ae = A x K1 x K2 0.423605
10 Belt speed with 5% extra margin Vs = Q/(3600 x ρ x Ae)
to suit G. Box/Motor RPM Vs m/s x 1.05 2.58
11 Belt speed selected (minimum) V m/s ---- 2.7
3294 >
Check capacity of conv. @ QC = 3600 x ρ x Ae x 3000
12 QC tph
selected belt speed V Hence
O.K
13 Belting proposed 2000mm x 40° tr belt x 3-eq roll x approx. 2.7 m/s belt speed

2.6.2.3 Fuel Oil System

A fuel oil system for boiler start-up as well as for flame stabilization during low load operation will be
provided. Essentially HFO/LDO will be used for the boilers. However, for ignition of furnace
HFO/LDO will be utilized. Two (2) nos. 500 KL tanks are provided for HFO/LDO storage.

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2.6.2.4 Water Resources and Water Requirement for the Project

Availability of water and proximity to source, the most important criteria for selection of sites for
Power Project is the availability of land with least Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues,
Fuel availability and its transportation, water availability and the acceptability from the
environmental considerations.

Source of Water (Distance from site) Ground water and storm water to be sourced from NLCIL
Mine through TPS-II to Reservoir

Availability of Water
The source of raw water for the Proposed Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project
(2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) NLC shall be the water pumped out during mining
operations from the lignite mines of NLCIL. Fresh water requirement is worked out to be 3299
m3/hr as per the attached Water Balance Diagram.

Water Requirement:

S.No Description KLD m3/hr * As per MoEF&CC

Requirements
1 Total water requirement 101160 4215 -
2 Fresh water requirement 79176 3299 2.49 m3/MWh
3 Recycled water 21984 916 -

Note: 1. * As per MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 3305(E) dated: 7/12/2015 (water

consumption upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero waste water
discharged).
2. The water requirement for FGD system indicated in the water balance diagram
is indicative and subject to revision once the MoEF&CC Draft notification S.O.
3337(E). Item no 2.III, dated 16.10.2017 comes into force; we may consider
3m3/MWh and rework the water balance accordingly.

2.6.2.5 Water Intake System

Raw Water Source

The source of raw water for the proposed second expansion project of 2X660 MW NLC shall be
the ground and storm water from the proposed lignite mines III .Raw water requirement is

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worked out to be 3399 m3/hr as per the attached composite. Sufficient raw water is available as
per the detailed below:

 GWC pumping - 1363 m3/hr

 Seepage well pumping – 545 m3/hr
 Storm water pumping – 2181 m3/hr
 Total - 4215 m3/hr
The entire consumptive water requirement for the proposed project shall be pumped from the
proposed lignite mines III and stored in plant Lake (Thermal Lake). The capacity of this lake
shall be equivalent to the 7 days of consumptive requirement.

Three (3) Nos. (2W+1S) Raw Water intake Pumps each of capacity 1900 m3/hr with adequate
head shall be provided. These pumps shall be vertical, turbine type with associated drives and
accessories shall be provided, with stop log gates and screens.

The Raw Water Analysis for the design of water system is attached an Annexure 8

Composite Water Balance

The Consumptive water requirement of 2x660 MW Units is worked out as follows:

Table 2-10: DM Water Requirement

a. Makeup Water to Power Cycle @ 1.5 % 2x32 m3/hr

b. Stator water 2x1 m3/hr
c. DMCW O/H Tank 2x1 m3/hr
d. Chemical Dozing 2x1 m3/hr
e. DM/CPU Regeneration 6 m3/hr
TOTAL 76 m3/hr

Table 2-11Raw Water Requirement

a. CT makeup
CW flow 76000 m3/hr/unit
ACW flow 4000 m3/hr/unit
C.T. Flow 80000 m3//hr/unit
t Same as t in condenser
Evaporation loss @ 1.454 % of 80000 M3/hr/unit 1.454 x 80000
100
= 1163 m3/hr/unit
Drift loss @ 0.05 % of 80000 M3/hr/unit 40 m3/hr/unit
Blow down @ 3 COC 542 m3/hr/unit

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CT makeup until ETP is not functional 1745 m3/hr/unit

Recoverable water from ETP 408 m3/hr/unit
CT make –up once ETP is functional 1337 m3/hr/unit
b. Service Water 240 m3/hr
c. DM Water 120 m3/hr
d. FGD Make-up 300 m3/hr
e. AHP Seal water 50 m3/hr
f. Clarifier backwash and regeneration 15 m3/hr
g. Water Requirement
Total water requirement 4215 m3/hr
Fresh water requirement 3299 m3/hr

Table 2-12 Water Consumption of the Project

S.No Description m3/hr

Water Fresh water Treated water
consumption
1 Cooling Tower 3490 2674 816
2 Service water 237 240 100
3 DM Plant 120 120 0
4 FGD make up 300 300 0
5 AHP Seal water 50 50 0
6 Clarifier backwash and 15 15 0
DM plant regeneration
7 Domestic 3 3 -
Total 4215 3299 916

The Sewage waster water generated is 2.5 m3/hr will be treated in STP and used for Green belt

Total Water Requirement = 4215 m3/hr

Total Effluent generated = 1379 m3/hr

Total Sewage generated = 2.5 m3/hr

Total Recycled Water = 1379 m3/hr (816 m3/hr for cooling tower make up, 100 m3/hr for service
water make up & 463 m3/hr for ash handling systems)

Total Fresh Water Requirement = 3299 m3/hr

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Figure 2-2 Water Balance

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Figure 2-3 Effluent Treatment Plant

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2.6.2.6 Water Treatment Systems

The major components of the Plant Water System for both units are as follows:

1. Raw Water Reservoir

2. Raw Water Pumps with drives and accessories on Raw Water Reservoir.
3. Pretreatment Plant
4. Clarified Water Reservoir including storage for fire water.
5. CT Makeup, Service water, FGD Make-up, AHP seal water, Jockey & fire hydrant and
DM Plant Supply Pumps with drives and accessories on Clarified Water Reservoir.
6. Demineralizing Plant
7. Hot Well Makeup Pumps with drives and accessories.
8. Raw Water & CW Chlorination System
For the purpose of plant cooling water, services and potable water requirement of about 3399
m3/hr will be drawn from NLC Mines. Plant water system will have facilities to store water for 7
days consumptive use. Demineralized water system has been envisaged. Water systems shall
be based on the concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) to the outside of the plant.

2.6.2.7 Water Pre-Treatment Plant

Raw water drawn from the in plant reservoir through 3x50% (2w + 1s) 1900 m3/hr. pumps, will be
clarified in PLC operated 2000m3/hr capacity clariflocculator and 150 m3/hr capacity DM Clarifier.
Ferric chloride/ lime/ polyelectrolyte and chlorine will be dosed in the pre-treatment plant to
accelerate coagulation process. The clarified water (not exceeding 10 NTU turbidity) will flow by
gravity. The clarified water from the Main Clarifier will be stored in 13000 cum sized clarified
water tank and 4200 cum in other compartment for firewater storage requirement. DM clarifier
water will be stored in 500 cum sized DM Clarified water storage tank. Sludge from the
clariflocculators will be taken to sludge sump. Flow Diagram of Pretreatment plant is attached as
Annexure 8

Clarified Water Reservoir

Clarified water will be distributed to various areas of the plant through dedicated pump sets as
follows: -

i) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity pump sets for supply of clarified water to CW
sump.

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ii) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity service water pumps with adequate head will
supply clarified water to the service water distribution network all over the plant
building through an adequately sized overhead tank suitably located at a Deaerator
floor.
iii) Two (2) – (1W+1S) 100% capacity FGD Make-up pump sets for supply water to FGD
unit.
iv) Two (2) – (1W+1S) 100% capacity AHP seal water pump sets.
v) Set of fire hydrant pumps/spray and Jockey pumps of adequate head and capacity
will be provided for firefighting system.
vi) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity DM Feed water pump sets for supply water to DM
plant.

2.6.2.8 Water Demineralisation Plant& RO System

DM Plant consisting of PLC based UF-RO-MB streams each MB of net capacity 80 cum/hr. with
details is as follows:

 Three (3) nos. Dual Media Filter along with 2 nos. blowers and 2 nos. backwash
pumps with all accessories.
 One (1) no. Filter water storage tank along with 2 nos. Potable water pumps
complete with all accessories.
 Two (2) nos ultra filtration modules of 60% capacity each along with Basket filter,
CIP system, back wash pump drive, and all accessories.
 One (1) no. Ultra Filter water storage tank complete with all accessories.
 Two (2) nos. Reverse Osmosis – I modules of 60% capacity each along with RO
Feed pumps, Chemicals Dosing system, Micron Cartridge filters, High Pressure
pumps, Chemical Cleaning system etc. with all accessories.
 One (1) no. RO – I Permeate water storage tank complete with all accessories.
 Two (2) nos. Reverse Osmosis – II modules of 60% capacity each along with RO
Feed pumps, Chemicals Dosing system, Micron Cartridge filters, High Pressure
pumps, Chemical Cleaning system etc. with all accessories.
 One (1) no. RO – II Permeate water storage tank complete with all accessories.
 Two (2) nos. (1W+1S) Mixed Bed Feed pumps with drives and all accessories.
 Two (2) nos. (1W+1S) Mixed Bed exchanger along with MB Blower & regeneration
pumps with drives and all accessories.

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 Complete acid/ alkali handling, storage and regeneration system including unloading
pumps with drive motors.
 One (1) no. Neutralizing Pit complete with Two (2) nos. of Effluent Disposal pumps
with electrical drive motors and other accessories.
 Two (2) no. Demineralized water storage tank complete with all accessories.
 Two (2) nos. of DM Transfer pumps complete with electrical drive motors and other
accessories.
 Two (2) no. Condensate storage tank complete with all accessories.
 Three (3) nos. of hot well makeup pumps complete with electrical drive motors and
other accessories. Demineralization Plant is attached as Annexure 8

2.6.2.9 Chlorination Plant

Chlorination Plant for CW & Raw Water System

Suitable dose of Chlorine Gas in the CW system will be given to curb organic growth and to
prevent microbiological slime. Chlorine Gas will be dosed at a normal dosing rate of 1.0 ppm
continuous and shock dosing rate of 3.0 ppm for a period of 30 minutes per shift.

Description Unit Value

Flow rate CW & ACW System m3/hr/unit 80000
Dosage Rate ppm 1
Dosing rate /hour@ 1.0 ppm (continuous) kg/hr/unit 80
Dosing rate /hour@ 3.0 ppm (shock dosing) kg/hr/unit 240

There will be three (3) (2W+1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 180 kg/hr.

In the RAW WATER, Chlorine Gas will be dosed in Pretreatment Plant.

Description Unit Value

Flow rate in Pre-treatment Plant m3/hr 3299
Dosing rate Ppm 5
Dosing rate/hour @ 5.0 ppm Kg/hr 17

There will be two (2) (1W + 1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 20 kg/hr.

In the POTABLE WATER, Chlorine Gas will be dosed in DM Plant.

Description Unit Value

Flow rate in Pre-treatment Plant m3/hr 5
Dosing rate Ppm 1
Dosing rate/hour @ 1.0 ppm Kg/hr 0.005

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There will be two (2) (1W + 1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 0.250 kg/hr.

Side Stream Filtration

Filters shall be provided to remove suspended solids to COC 3 and ingress of atmospheric dust
in cooling tower. The overall capacity of the side stream filter shall be equal to minimum 2% of
the cooling water flow. Backwash of the filters shall be online.

Seven (7) (6W+1S) Automatic Valveless Gravity Filters per unit along with accessories.

Circulating Water System

Closed cycle condenser cooling is envisaged for cooling water system with Natural Draft
Cooling Tower (NDCT). The CW sump will be provided with CW pumps of Vertical turbine type
(3x33%) / concrete volute pumps (2x50%) per unit with a common stand by (type and sizing to
be finalized during tender specification stages based on techno-economic study) for two units
for pumping Cooling Water to the Condenser and thereafter shall be discharged into NDCT
having ΔT as same as in condenser, maintaining cycle of concentration minimum 3.0. To
maintain 3COC.in C.W. system chemical treatment will be carried out.

Auxiliary Cooling Water System

The ACW system meets the cooling water requirements of all the auxiliary equipment of the TG
and SG units such as turbine lube oil coolers, generator air cooler, Vacuum pump, ash cooler,
exciter air coolers, Seal Pot, ID/SA/PA fan bearing oil coolers, BFP auxiliaries such as lube oil
coolers, working oil coolers, drive motors, etc., condensate pump bearings, sample coolers, air
compressors and ash handling system compressors, etc.

The ACW pumps shall be located in CW pump house and the no. of working and stand by
pumps shall be 2W+1S and the type of pump shall be vertical turbine pump.

2.6.2.10 Condensate Polishing Plant (CPU)

To maintain the purity of the boiler feed water, Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) will be
provided in the condensate water cycle at the downstream of condensate extraction pumps. The
purpose of the condensate polishing unit shall be to polish the condensate effluent from the
condenser by removal of suspended solids and dissolved solids to reduce corrosion and
depositions in steam water cycle.

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The condensate polishing unit plant shall be of full flow, 3x50% Pre filters and 3x50% capacity
mixed bed units. The resins used shall be Strong Acid Cation and Strong Base Anion type of
resin appropriate for the influent water analysis. The resins shall be externally regenerated by
transferring it to the dedicated regeneration station. The regeneration waste generated from the
CPU unit shall be collected in the Neutralization pit and shall be neutralized before its reuse in
ash handling system.

2.6.2.11 CW Treatment System

The boiler feed water and condensate dozing system consists of thefollowing: -

- Ammonia and Oxygen – (CWT) Combined Water Treatment

- Ammonia and Hydrazine – (AVT) All Volatile Treatment
In order to maintain pH and prevent/reduce the corrosion of equipment AVT should be used
during start-up or abnormal conditions or difficult to achieve cation conductivity of feed water <
0.15 Ms/cms. CWT should be used under normal operation when cation conductivity of feed
water is maintained < 0.15 µS/cms and polishing treatment is running normally, then appropriate
to add oxygen.

Each feed system for Ammonia & Hydrazine shall consists of one tank and two (2) metering
pumps for each unit.

Each unit oxygen dozing device shall consist of a set for dosing oxygen at deaerator outlet and
CPU outlet. Each unit equipped with 8 oxygen bottles and set of automatic oxygen dosing
device.

Specification for Water & Steam:

Description Specification
DM Water Quality

Conductivity ≤ 0.08 µS/cm

Silica < 10 ppb
pH 6.8 – 7.3
Sodium < 5 ppb
Total Organic Carbon < 200 ppb
Main Condensate

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)

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Feed Water

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
Iron < 20 ppb
Sodium < 10 ppb
Oxygen 30 – 150 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)
Main Steam

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
Iron < 20 ppb
Sodium < 10 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)

Specification for Oxygen:

 Purity 99.893%
 Moisture 5 ppm by vol
 Carbon di-oxide 0.5 ppm by vol

2.6.2.12 Wastewater Treatment Systems

Effluent Disposal System

The waste water treatment system shall be designed to collect wastewater from all sources in
the power plant and provide treatment to enable it to be reused in the power plant to acheve
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).

The lant effluent is as follows

a. Blow down from closed cycle C.W. system

b. Plant drains
c. Oily waste
d. DM plant waste

The CW blow down and DM waste shall be treated in pre-filter, Ultra filtration and RO plant in
order to make it suitable for reuse in CW system make up all other effluent shall be pumped to
central monitoring basins.

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Chemical dosing system & othe utilities for treatment & reuse of those treated effluent in the ash
handlind system shall be provided, necessary instruments shall also be provded for monitoring
the quality of treated effluents.

CTBD waste will be treated in Pre-filter, ultra-filtration & reverse osmosis (RO) in order to make
it suitable for CW make-up.

The effluent generation will be 1379 m3/hr, Recycled water is 1379 m3/hr (916 m3/hr used for
cooling water makeup and 463 m3/hr used for ash handling systems). The sewage generation
will be 2.5 m3/hr after treated in STP will be used for green belt development.

The sewage will flow from the manholes to the nearest collection chambers by gravity. The
collected sewage in the collection chambers will flow through sewer lines and flow to the
common collection sump. From the common collection sump, the sewage will be pumped to the
equalization tank located in the STP Area. The Sewage Treatment Plant will be designed as per
guidelines of CPHEEO Manual. The anticipated no. of users will be 1500 persons. The sewage
treatment plant will be designed to handle a flow of 60 KLD considering average per capita
consumption of 45LPCD with 80% of used water generated as sewage. Flow Diagram of ETP is
attached as Annexure-8.

Rain Water Harvesting System

All the rain water from road drains, roof top drains, would be collected in the rain water pit. The
collected water would be recharged into the ground. All the buildings will be provided with rain
water harvesting arrangement.Rain water harvesting system is enclosed as Annexure 11

Sewage Treatment Plant

The sanitary waste streams from the different buildings of the plant will flow under gravity
through their respective manholes. The sewage will flow from the manholes to the nearest
collection chambers by gravity. The collected sewage in the collection chambers will flow
through sewer lines and flow to the common collection sump. From the common collection
sump the sewage will be pumped to the equalization Tank located in the STP Area.

The sewage treatment plant will be designed as per guidelines of CPHEEO Manual. The
anticipated no. of users will be 1500 persons. The sewage treatment plant will be designed to
handle a flow of 60 KLD considering average per capita consumption of 45 Ipcd with 90% of
used water generated as sewage. The Sewage Treatment Plant will be modular type based on

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FAB/MBBR technology followed by disinfection by Hypo and necessary tertiary treatment prior
to reuse in horticulture purpose.

The major areas as sources of sanitary wastewater will be:

i) STG Building xi) DM Plant & N. Pit

ii) Service Building xii) Fuel Oil Pump House & Tank Area
iii) AHS Control Room xiii) Crusher House
iv) Switch Yard xiv) CHP Control Room
v) Compressed Air Building / DG Room xv) Raw Water Pump House
vi) ESP Control Room xvi) Ware House
vii) CW & ACW Pump House xvii) Security & Time Office
viii) Canteen xviii)Maintenance Building
ix) Workshop Building xix) AHS Silo Area
x) Fire Station Building xx) AO Building

2.6.2.13 Hazardous and Solid Waste Generation

The source of municipal waste in the industry & Township will be from the domestic use. The
municipal solid waste (organic waste from canteen & township) generate 450 kg/day. The total
manpower is 1000 nos during operational phase including contract workmen.

Table 2-13 Municipal Solid waste

Type of waste Quantity Collection Disposal method

Kg/day method
Organic waste from canteen 450 Bins Composting for
and Towinship horticulture use
STP sludge 5-10 kg/day Sludge drying beds Horticulture use

Table 2-14 Hazardous waste

Waste category Hazardous Quantity Disposal

waste (tones)
Generated
5.1 Used oil 175 TPA Collected in Leak proof containers and
disposed only to TNPCB registered
authorized reprocessors provided the oil
meets the standards as per schedule-5 part-
A of the rules
35.3 Sludge from 0.3 TPM Stored in a secured manner and hand over
ETP to TNPCB authorized TSDF

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2.6.2.14 Fly ash Generation

Lignite core samples generated from the exploratory boreholes are analysed for proximate,
ultimate and chemical analysis of ash. The dominant range observed for different parameters
under proximate analysis.
Table 2-15 Proximate analysis of Lignite Ash

Range
S.No Components Average
Min Max
1 Moisture 45 58 51.58
2 Ash (%) 2.1 9.9 4.83
3 Volatile matter (%) 18.2 27.8 24.20
4 Fixed carbon (%) 14.6 23.9 19.39
5 Bulk density (gm/cc) 1.115 1.241 1.158
6 Calorific value (K cal/kg) 2212 3199 2689
Source: Mine Plan

Table 2-16 Ultimate Analysis of Lignite of Mine – III

Range
S.No Components Average
Min Max
1 Hydrogen (%) 1.77 2.78 2.27
2 Carbon (%) 22.94 35.51 27.90
3 Nitrogen (%) 0.07 0.94 0.34
4 Sulphur (%) 0.23 1.06 0.67
5 Oxygen (%) 9.35 15.61 12.41
Source: Mine Plan

Table 2-17 Chemical constituents of ash in Lignite

S.No Parameters Min (%) Max (%) Avg (%)

Acidic Oxides
1 Silica as SIO2 9.20 51.92 32.21
2 Alumina as Al2O3 4.08 26.78 13.14
3 Titanium as TiO2 Traces
Basic Oxides
4 Iron as Fe2O3 3.73 40.80 11.60
5 Calcium as CaO 5.04 29.75 17.58
Magnesium as 0.80 8.95
6 4.92
MgO
7 Sodium as Na2O 0.11 1.44 0.69
8 Potassium as K2O 0.02 0.55 0.19
Source: Mine Plan

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The ash management scheme for the ash generated from power plant will involve dry
collection of fly ash, supply of ash to entrepreneurs for utilization, promoting ash utilization
and disposal of unused ash.

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Notification dated 3rd November, 2009) stipulate
that “new coal and, or lignite based thermal power station and, or expansion units
commissioned after this notification to achieve the target of fly ash utilization level.

Table 2-18 Ash Handling System

S.No Description Quantity

a) Fuel consumption at full load per hour for each unit 577.5 TPH
b) Ash content 10%
c) Ash generated 57.75 TPH
d) Bottom ash generated 20% of 57.75 TPH 12 TPH
e) Coarse ash generated 10% of 57.75 TPH 6 TPH
f) Fly ash generated 90% of 57.75 TPH 52 TPH

Table 2-19 Fly Ash Utilization Level

Sl. No. Fly ash utilization level Target date

1. At least 50% of fly ash generation One year from the date of commissioning
2. At least 70% of fly ash generation Two year from the date of commissioning
3. 90%of fly ash generation Three year from the date of commissioning
4. 100%of fly ash generation Four year from the date of commissioning

The unutilized fly ash in relation to the target during a year, if any, shall be utilized within next
two years in addition to the targets stipulated for these years and the balance unutilized fly
target) shall be utilized progressively over next five years in addition to 100% utilization of
current generation of fly ash.

In order to meet the above ash utilization requirement the following schemes/measures shall be
adopted.

The proposed expansion project is located in the vicinity of many cement plants and ash bricks
manufacturing units. The ash management scheme for the ash generated from power plant will
involve dry collection of fly ash, supply of ash to entrepreneurs for utilization, promoting ash
utilization and disposal of un-used ash.

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The ash generation is 0.405 Million TPA

The fly ash generation is 0.32 Million TPA and
The bottom ash generation is 0.081 Million TPA

The bottom ash generation from the project shall be issued to user industries and balance
bottom ash and fly ash during emergency shall be pumped to emergency ash dyke/mine void
filling.

The ash content in the lignite is very low and entire fly ash from existing units at Neyveli is
consumed by user industries. NLCIL has obtained consent letter from cement manufactures
namely Ramco cements Ariyalur, Dalmia Bharat Limited, Dalmiapuram & India Cements,
Ariyalur for off take of the fly ash generated from the proposed project. Hence 100 % utilization
of fly ash is envisaged. Consent letter for fly ash utilization is enclosed as Annexure – 23.

2.6.2.15 Ash Handling System

The maximum ash content of lignite is 10% having an ash generation of 577.5 TPH/unit (with GCV
of 2720 kcal/kg). The ash collected in Seven (7) nos. Intermediate Surge hopper (ISH) from ESP,
APH and Duct hoppers in dry form and then it is conveyed to Two (2) nos Silo of 1000 MT capacity
for each unit.

Bottom ash collection & disposal would be continuous from submerged Scrapper chain
conveyor (SSC – by SG package) located at the bottom of the furnace. From the SSC, bottom
ash will be discharged in to a mobile conveyor for collecting the bottom ash in lorry parked
below it for onward transport to the ash disposal area or to mine for backfilling. In case of non
availability of lorry, a mobile hopper shall be placed and bottom ash shall be collected in the
mobile hopper.
Bottom ash collection & disposal would be continuous from submerged Scrapper chain
conveyor located at the bottom of the furnace. The bottom ash generation is about 12 TPH/ unit.

Ash generated will be supplied to nearby manufacturers of building material, cement, and for land
filling of low lying areas as per MOEF guidelines. The possibility of using bottom ash to replace
river sand as a substitute will also tried. The existing ash dyke will be used for supply of fly ash
during emergency.

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2.6.2.16 Gypsum Disposal

Approximately 11.88 T/day of gypsum is expected to be generated per day from FGD. Based on
the marketability, the gypsum generated will be marketed or disposed to cement plant or used
for back filling in the mines. The gypsum generated from the Thermal Power Plant FGD process
may not warrant as per Hazardous and other wastes (Management and Transboundary
Movement) Rules 2016, Notification No. G.S.R No. 395 (E) dated: 04.04.2016 since it is not
from chemical plant source and hence may be considered as non-hazardous.

2.6.2.17 Reduction in Carbon foot print

Sustainable power generation has been one of the prime objectives of NLCIL. Towards
achieving this objective, various measures shall be introduced to ensure minimum degradation
of the environment due to the operation of the power station. There is growing concern world
over and NLC is no exception towards contribution of green house gases released due to fossil
fuel firing towards global warming. As a part of the agreement under Kyoto Protocol the CDM
has been introduced to enable trading of Certified EmissionReduction (CER) between the
developed countries and the developing countries. Although, this issue is being exhaustively
deliberated to establish long ranging solutions, accordingly, it is proposed to have Supercritical
boilers at the Mudanai, Tamil Nadu Thermal Power Project.

Environmental Engineering Division, Department of civil Engineering of Pondicherry

Engineering College (PEC), Puducherry is pleased to present our Carbon Footprint Report on
NLCIL. This carbon footprint report has been prepared in full accordance with the Greenhouse
Gas Protocol (GHG), the most widely used international carbon calculation methodology,
compatible with other GHG standards such as the ISO 14064, which also allows for direct
integration with national and international greenhouse gas (GHG) registries.

The emitting activities covered in this carbon footprint report for the year 2017-2018 includes
direct emissions resulting from NLCIL’s Thermal power plants and mines, also the emissions
from vehicular population; and selected indirect emissions resulting from areas in and around
Neyveli.
Comparison between sub critical and super critical Plants

The current CO2 emission by sub critical Thermal power plant and by the super critical thermal
power plant both of 660 MW capacity is given as below.

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Table 2-20 Emission difference between Super and sub Critical

Plant Mt CO2 Emissions per annum

Sub critical 4.701
Super Critical 3.761

Table 2-21 CO2 Emission for Existing & After Expansion

S.No CO2 emission Before addition of CO2 emission after addition of

TPS-II 2nd Expn (Million TPA) TPS-II 2nd Expn (Million TPA)
1 21.48 29.00

And with the advent of new solar power plant, the emissions will reduce considerably. A new
130 MW solar plant has been installed with which a reduction of about 0.4 Mt CO2e is expected
from the following financial year. Hence a great strive forward for a sustainable development is
under progress.

The subject of carbon footprint is of a common concern. India’s current climate policies will see
it reaching its 2030 non fossil capacity target, and over-achieving its emissions intensity taget
submitted under the Paris Agreement. If India also fully implements its Draft Electricity Plan
(shown as planned policy pathway in the CAT assessment) it could even achieve the capacity
target more than eight years earlier. It is therefore clear that India could strengthen and still
achieve the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) it has submitted under the Paris
Agreement. If it did this, the CAT could upgrade its “2oC Compatible” rating to “1.5oC Paris
Agreement Compatible”, whoch would make India a global climate leader.

In order to bring the emissions within control to keep in check with 20C rise of global
temperature NLCIL as a fore runner in sustainable power sector will take necessary steps to
improve environmental quality by adopting newer and better technologies for reducing
emissions. Detailed carbon foot print study report is enclosed as Annexure 19.

2.6.2.18 Project Cost Estimates and Schedule

Project Cost:

Project Capital Cost

Cost of Project including IDC Rs. 8733.49 Crore
Cost per MW Rs. 6.62 Crore

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The following assumptions have been made in the preparation of the cost estimates:-

 The land for the proposed expansion project is in the possession of NLCIL.
 Cost for rehabilitation andResettlement land has been included.
 The estimate of civil and structural works has been prepared assuming no piling for
Natural Draft Cooling Towers and chimney etc.
 Freight @ 4% and insurance @ 1% for the equipment have been taken.
 Cost of spares has been taken as 4% of the equipment cost i.e. Turbo-Generator,
steam generator and balance of plant equipment.
 Erection, testing and commissioning has been taken as 10% of equipment cost.
 25% of Working Capital requirement is capitalized and included as margin money. The
margin money has not been considered for the purpose of tariff calculation.
 Excise duty @ 12.50% including education cess of equipment cost.
 Service tax @ 15% has been considered on Erection, testing & commissioning and
freight & insurance cost.

Cost of Generation

Assumptions for working out cost of generation are given below. GOI guideline & CERC indices,
wherever utilized, are marked with asterisk.

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Table 2-22 Cost of Generation

1 Plant Capacity 2x660 MW

2 Auxiliary Consumption 6.85%
3 Station Heat Rate 2380 Kcal/Kwh
4 Depreciation For Year 1 – 12 @ 5.28%
For Year 13-25 @ 2.05%
5 O&M 22.08 Lac/MW/Year (FY 2021-22)
6 Loan Period 12 years

7 Loan Repayment 48 equal quarterly installments with 6 months

moratorium
8 GCV of Lignite 2720 kcal/kg
9 Present day Lignite Price Rs. 2650/tonne
10 GCV of Support Fuel 10,000 kcal/kg
11 Support fuel present day price Rs. 30352.45/tonne
12 PLF 80%
13 Return on Equity 16% (15.50% Base Rate & 0.5% for timely
completion)
14 Completion Schedule 56 months
15 Life of Plant 25 years
16 Cost of Project Excluding IDC Rs. 7496.12 crores
17 Interest During Construction Rs. 959.57 crores
18 Cost of Project Including IDC, FC & Rs. 8733.49 crores
Margin Money
19 Cost/ MW Rs. 6.62 crores
20 First year Tariff at 80% PLF Rs. 4.77 /kwh
21 Levellised Tariff at 80% PLF Rs. 4.67 /kwh
22 Internal Rate of Return 10.39% (FIRR) & 13.58% (EIRR)
23 Average DSCR 1.81

The Plant date of commercial operation (COD) is scheduled at 50 months for the first unit and
56 months for the second unit.

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CHAPTER – 3
DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

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Chapter 3 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE

ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 Preamble

This chapter depicts establishment of baseline for valued environmental components as

identified in and around the proposed project with an area of 608 Acres (246.04 Ha) located at
Mudanai Village, Kunankurichi, Uthangal Tehsil, Cuddalore District & Tamil Nadu state. To
establish baseline environment, the primary baseline data was monitored covering three (3)
months i.e., from March to May 2017, and secondary data was collected from Government and
Semi-Government organisations. The primary baseline data has been generated by M/s. Hubert
Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, a MoEF&CC approved Environmental Testing
Laboratory for the following Terrestrial environmental components.

 Meteorology: Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed & Direction Refer
Section 3.4.1

 Ambient Air Quality: Particulate matter <10 micron size (PM10), Particulate matter <2.5
micron size (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), Lead (Pb),Ozone (O3),Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (a) pyrene (C20H12), Arsenic (As),
Nickel (Ni), Ammonia (NH3) Refer Section 3.5.6.2

 Ambient Noise Levels: Day equivalent noise levels, Night equivalent noise levels Refer
Section 3.6

 Inland Water Quality: Groundwater Quality, Surface Water Quality Refer Section 3.7

 Soil Quality: Refer Section 3.8

 Ecology: Refer Section 3.9

 Socioeconomic status: Refer Section 4.10

3.2 Study Area

A 10Km radial distance with the proposed project site as the epicentre has been identified as
the general study area for assessing the baseline environmental status. The core study area is
the project area and its immediate surroundings to the tune of 1.0 Km radius from the
boundary. The project area is the land where the project is being developed. Further the
projectImpact/Influence Area (PIA) is 10Km from the boundary of the core area covering
Mudanai village of Uthangal Tehsil of Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu State.

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3.3 Description of the Study Area

As described in Chapter 1 Introduction the M/s. NLC India Ltd is located on south west side of
Thermal Power Station-II (TPS-II) near village Mudanai.The nearest town is Virudhachalam: 10
km in South West direction. Adjacent to site on south direction national highway NH 532.An
overall idea of the study area with reference to the physical conditions are presented for better
understanding in the following sections before proceeding into the section on the prevailing
environmental conditions of the study area. Map showing the study area is given in Figure 3-1.
TOPO Map of the study area is given in Figure 3-2.

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Figure 3-1 5, 10 & 15km radius satellite view of proposed project site

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Figure 3-2 TOPO Map of the study area

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3.3.1 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas

The environmental sensitive areas covering an aerial distance of 15 km PIA from project
boundary is given inTable 3-1andFigure 3-3.

Table 3-1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary

S. Areas Proposed project location boundary

No
1 Areas protected under international NA
conventions, national or local legislation
for their ecological, landscape, cultural or
other related value
2 Areas which are important or sensitive for Description Distance Directi
ecological reasons – Wetlands, (Km) on
Watercourses or other water bodies, Kattiyanallur R.F 12.8 NW
coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, Semakkottai R.F 3.12 NW
forests Narumanam R.F 1.80 W
Ammeri R.F 0.37 N
Velangulam R.F 5.29 NNE
Karmangdire R.F 10.5 SW
Kallamedu R.F 12.23 N
Kangiruppu R.F 11.56 NNE
Manimukta Nadi River 7.39 S
Vellar River 10.9 SSW
3 Areas used by protected, important or NA
sensitive species of flora or fauna for
breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over
wintering, migration
4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground NA
waters
5 State, National boundaries NA

6 Routes or facilities used by the public for NH 532: 0.8 km adjacent to the project site (South)
access to recreation or other tourist,
pilgrim areas
7 Defence installations Nil

8 Densely populated or built-up area Mudanai:1.44 Km(NW)

9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made Educational Institutions

land uses (hospitals, schools, places of  NLC Hr. Sec School:7.59 Km(WSW)
worship, community facilities)  Krishivigyan Kendra:8.05 Km(NE)
 JawaharScience College:7.57 Km(WSW)
 NLC Poltechnic College:
Workship Places
 St.Xaviar Church Neyveli:7.97 Km (E)
 St. Antony’s Chrch of Romapuri0.83 Km
(WSW)
 Periyanayagi Matha Church:3.43 Km (E)
 St. Carmel Church Arasa Kuzhi2.81 Km
(WSW)
 Amman Temple Arasakuzhi:3.63 Km (WSW)

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Hospital
 Agarwal Eye Hospital:5.22 Km (E)
10 Areas containing important, high quality or NA
scarce resources, (groundwater
resources, surface resources, forestry,
agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals)
11 Areas already subjected to pollution or No Notified/Recognized polluted area within 15Km
environmental damage (those where distance.
existing legal environmental standards are
exceeded)
12 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which The site falls in Seismic Zone – II (Low Risk) as per
could cause the project to present seismic zoning Map of India. No Major Seismic
environmental problems, (earthquakes, Activity recorded in the area. Flood: Only temporary.
subsidence, landslides, erosion or North East monsoon cyclones cause moderate
extreme or adverse climatic conditions) damages as seen in past.

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Figure 3-3: Environmentally sensitive areas within 15 Km radius from proposed project

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3.3.2 Physical Conditions

In this section, the physical conditions of PIA district Cuddalore are discussed in general and
wherever possible references to the conditions prevailing in the study area in particular are also
provided. The physical conditions are discussed as under:

 District profile
 Drainage, land use, geology, Physiography
 Natural resources
 Climatic conditions, seismic zone characteristics and natural hazards

3.4 PIA District Profile

The district of Cuddalore lies on theeast coast. It is bounded on the north byVillupuram district,
on the south byNagapattinam district, on the west byPerambalur and Villupuram districts and
on the east by Bay of Bengal. Headquarterof this district is Cuddalore.The Southernboundary
follows for the greater part of the length of the two rivers - the Vellar and the Coloroon. The total
geographical area of the district is about 3,678 Sq.Km.The district has 3 revenue divisions, 7
Taluks, 32 revenue Firkas and873 revenue villages. With respect to local administrative bodies,
there are 5municipalities, 13 panchayat unions, 16 town Panchayats, 683village Panchayats
and 873 revenue villages. The district has a total populationof twenty six Lakhs with 13,11,151
males and 12,89,729 females (2011 census).The sex ratio in Cuddalore stood at 984 per 1000
males according to the 2011census. Of the total population, 17,18,249 (66.06%) persons live in
rural areasand 8,82,631 (33.94%) persons live in urban areas.

3.4.1 Climatic Conditions

The meteorological data was collected from “Climatological Normals” published by Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) was referred. The data was recorded over a period of 30years
(1971 to 2000). The nearest IMD station located at Cuddalore was referred for the
currentproject. This data was compared with the site specific data generated during baseline
monitoring studies.

Temperature (as per long term IMD data)

The climate of Cuddalore is classified as Tropical. The period from November to February in
Cuddalore is pleasant, with climate full of warm days and cool nights. The onset of summer is
from March, with the temperature reaching its peak by the end of May and June. The highest

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temperature of 43.6°C was observed in the month of May whereas the lowest temperature of
20.6°C was observed in the month of January.

Relative Humidity (as per long term IMD data)

Relative humidity indicates how moist the air is. It is defined as the ratio of the water vapour
density to the saturation water vapour density, usually expressed in percentage. The maximum
relative humidity was experienced during October to March, with highest value of 85% observed
in the month of November and December whereas the minimum humidity in the region
experienced from April to September.

Rainfall (as per long term IMD data)

The southwest monsoon in the region lasts till September whereas October to December
months constitutes northeast monsoon season. The average annual rainfall of Cuddalore was
reported to be of 1281 mm. The heaviest rainfall for 24 hours was reported in the month of
December being the wettest month. The driest months were reported from January to May.

3.4.2 Natural Resources of Cuddalore Urban PIA District

3.4.2.1 Flora & Fauna

Most of the villagers in the study area are engaged in monsoon depended agricultural activities.
The major agricultural crop patterns practiced in the study area are Rice (Oryza sativa) and
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), during monsoon season and during winter season ground
nut (Arachis hypogaea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and Jowar (Sorghum vulgare) are
cultivated. The major cash crops cultivated in the area is Cashew (Anacardium occidentale).
Agricultural activities in the study area commence with the early monsoon shower. The minor
crops cultivated in the study area are Tapioca (Manihot esculenta), Jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), Banana (Musa paradisiacal) and Gauva (Psidium Guajava). Vegetables
cultivated in the area are okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Chilli
(Capsicum annum), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia).
Green leafy vegetables are reported to be grown in the study area during pre monsoon
season. Horticultural practices and fruits grown in the study area are Mango (Mangifera indica
L.), Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis), Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Sapota (Achras zapota).
Other fruit yielding varieties cultivated in the study area were Papaya (Carica papaya L),
Kodukkappuli (Pithelellobium dulce) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indicumL). Coconut

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plantation was observed at many villages. Flora and fauna of PIA are discussed in section
3.11.

3.4.2.2 Forest Resources

The total forest area of Cuddalore district was 9718.85 ha. Reserve forest category was
9467.13 ha and the reserve land was 196.52 ha. Most of the forest areas lie in Panruti,
Chidambaram, Kattumannarkoil, Vridhachalam, Tittakudi. Forest resources are discussed in
detailed in section 3.5.4. Out-turn of Forest Product:

a) Fuel wood (MT): 15.500

b) Timber (Cu.m): Teak-13.634 m3

c) Cashew (MT) : 0.55

d) Others: (i) Palmyara leave: 3400 Nos.

(ii) Palmyara Nuts: 5000 Nos.

(Source: District hand book_Cuddalore).

3.4.2.3 Irrigation

Generally, for agricultural purpose maximum amount of available water resources are utilized
through minor irrigation schemes. The surface flow in the rivers can be observed only during
monsoon periods. The deficient monsoon rainfall has affected the flow of surface water into
reservoirs, anicuts, lakes etc. Hence under these circumstances the agriculturists have to totally
depend upon an alternative source i.e., Ground Water to meet their irrigation requirement.
In Cuddalore district, 593 tanks, 270 canals and one major reservoir serve as the main source
for irrigation. Wellington reservoir is the major reservoir in Thittagudi taluk and Veeranam tank
is the major irrigation source in Chidambaram and Kattumannarkudi taluks. In Cuddalore taluks
Perumal Eri is the major surface irrigation source

3.4.2.4 Agricultural Resources

The most part of the district is a flat plain sloping gently from the west to the sea on the east
and also from the north to the south except for a strip of high ground running across the district
from Pondicherry to Virudhachalam. The region can be distinguished into the following natural
divisions. The eastern region consists of red soil tracts and wide spread paddy fields and green
groves of fruit bearing trees marked here and there by broad open tanks. The Southern region
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of the district, particularly Chidambaram taluk and a few parts of Virudhachalam taluk, is
comparatively green and fertile and is made up of even expanse of irrigated land which
resembles to a great extent, the deltaic part of Thanjavur district. This is in contrast to the rest
of the composite South Arcot district. The seashore is fringed with a belt of blown sand of
varying width. Thefruit crop yield comprising mango, guava, etc., is the highest whencompared
to theother crops. The main plantation crop is cashew nut.

Important food crops: Paddy, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cholam, Cambu, Red gram, Cotton,
Gingerly, Tapioca, Green gram, Black gram, Coriander, Banana, Maize, Varagu, and
Cashewnut.
Important non-food crops: Gingerly, Cotton, Groundnut, Coconut

The district has good fishing potential in view of its rich coastal area. The coastal fish
production is more than inland fish production and the production has been steadily increasing.
The Cuddalore district has a coastal line of 57.5 km. The inland fresh water area spreads for
about 8,113 (81.13 sq.km) ha and estuarie and brackish water area over 8,072 (80.72 sq.km)
ha. Marine fishing is practised in 41 coastal villages of the district.In PIA Agriculture is the main
occupation of the people of the district. Rice is the staple food of the people and paddy is the
principal food crop followed by Ragi, Jowar and Maize crops. Tobacco, Cashews, Coconut,
arecanut, Cardomom, Chillies, Cotton, Sugarcane are also cultivated.

3.4.2.5 Mineral Resources

The district has fairly rich mineral deposits. The fossiliferous cretaceous limestone is found in
Parur and Northwest of Virudhachalam. Geology & Minerals map of Tamil Nadu is given in
Figure 3-4.

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Figure 3-4 Geological and Mineral Map of Tamil Nadu & Pondycherry

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3.4.3 Land Use & Land Cover

Objective of the study is to determine the present land use pattern, analyze the future impacts
and give recommendation for sustainable land use.

Total geographical area of Cuddalore district is 3645 Sq.Km. Builtup area, Urban is 74.93
Sq.Km. and Builtup area, Rural 200.38 Sq.Km.Details of district land use/land cover statistics
for Cuddalore district is given in Table 3-2 and Land use pattern in the PIA district Figure 3-5.
Land Use Map of Cuddalore district (2005) is given in Figure 3-6.

Methodology: Secondary data, land use based on satellite image of project site surrounding 10
kms. Ground-truth verification/post field work final output.

Table 3-2: Details of district land use/land cover statistics for Cuddalore district

% To
Area in Area in Area
S.No Division of Land Use/Land Cover Total
Km2 Acres in Ha
Area
1 Builtup,Urban 74.93 18515.58 7493 2.06
2 Builtup,Mining 71.18 17588.93 7118 1.95
3 Agriculture,Plantation 568.09 140377.88 56809 15.59
4 Forest,Evergreen/ Semi evergreen 0.42 103.78 42 0.01
5 Forest,Forest Plantation 52.13 12881.58 5213 1.43
6 Forest,Swamp/ Mangroves 8.48 2095.45 848 0.23
7 Barren/unculturable/ Wastelands, Scrub land 33.5 8278.02 3350 0.92
8 Barren/unculturable/ Wastelands, Barren rocky 0.05 12.36 5 0
9 Wetlands/WaterBodies,Reservoir/Lakes/Ponds 39.46 9750.76 3946 1.08
10 Wetlands/Water
152.92 37787.30 15292 4.2
Bodies,Reservoir/Lakes/Ponds
11 Builtup,Rural 200.38 49514.90 20038 5.5
12 Agriculture,Crop land 2099.63 518829.07 209963 57.6
13 Agriculture,Fallow 159.87 39504.68 15987 4.39
14 Forest,Deciduous 11.23 2774.99 1123 0.31
15 Forest,Scrub Forest 10.74 2653.91 1074 0.29
16 Barren/unculturable/ Wastelands, Salt Affected
25.71 6353.07 2571 0.71
land
17 Barren/unculturable/ Wastelands, Sandy area 1.42 350.89 142 0.04
18 Wetlands/Water Bodies, Inland Wetland 9.02 2228.89 902 0.25
19 Wetlands/Water Bodies, River/Stream/canals 125.84 31095.69 12584 3.45
Total 3645 900698.73 364500 100

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Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern in the PIA District

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Figure 3-6 Land Use Map of Cuddalore District

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3.4.4 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

Total Project Study Area: 375.43 Sq.Km. Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10 Km radius of the
study area is given in Table 3-3 and Land Use pattern of the study area given in Figure 3-7
LULC map of the Study area is given in Figure 3-8.
Table 3-3 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10 Km radius of the Study Area

Area in Area in Area in

S. No Land Use Area in Ha
Sq.Km Acres Percentage
1 Plantation 106.77 26383.44 10677 28.46
2 Cropland 88.03 21752.69 8803 23.46
3 Mining 68.29 16874.83 6829 18.19
4 Forest Plantation 29.35 7252.543 2935 7.83
5 Fallow land 26.73 6605.127 2673 7.14
6 Urban 25.32 6256.708 2532 6.75
7 Rural 14.48 3578.086 1448 3.86
8 Reservoirs/ Lakes/
Ponds 9.07 2241.246 907 2.42
9 Scrub land 3.43 847.571 343 0.91
10 River/ Stream/ Canals 2.91 719.0767 291 0.78
11 Scrub Forest 0.76 187.8001 76 0.2
12 Salt affected land 0.29 71.66056 29 0.08
Total 375.43 92770.78 37543 100

0.91% 0.78% 0.20% 0.08%

2.42% Plantation
3.86%
Cropland
6.75% Mining
28.46%
7.14% Forest Plantation
Fallow land
7.83%
Urban
Rural
18.19% 23.46% Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds
Scrub land
River/ Stream/ Canals
Scrub Forest
Salt affected land

Figure 3-7 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

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Figure 3-8 Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area

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3.4.5 Topography

The District is predominantly agricultural with the coastal line stretching from Marakanam which
is now in Viluppuram District in the North to the Mouth of River Coleroon in the South line of 68
kms and from west to east, towards the sea. The only hill in the district is the Mount Capper hill
near Cuddalore. Mount Capper is the only part which can be termed as a prominent feature in
the landscape and even this is only about a hundred feet above mean sea level. For the rest,
the course of the formation, where it has not been cut away by the rivers which pass through it,
may be traced by the red soil to which it gives rise and which is some of the most unfertile in the
district. The project site contours is 100m above MSL. The study area contours vary from 20 m
to 100 m above MSL.Physiography map of Tamil Nadu is given in Figure 3-9Contour map of
the Study area is given in Figure 3-10.

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Figure 3-9 Physiography map of Tamil Nadu

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Figure 3-10 Contour map of Study Area

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3.4.6 Geology of the PIA District

Alluvium forms the dominant geological formation of Cuddalore district Sandstone is available in
Chidambaram taluk, parts of Cuddalore, Panruti, Virudhachalam and Kattumannarkoil. Granite
gneiss is present in parts of Thittagudi and Virudhachalam taluks. Lignite, feldspar, gypsum,
mica and limestone are the other minerals found in the district. The study area mainly covers
Sand stones – Mioceneplioceous. Geology map of Cuddalore district is given in Figure 3-11.

Figure 3-11 Geology Map of Cuddalore District

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3.4.7 Geomorphology of PIA District

The entire district can be broadly divided into following 3 zones. Western pediplains of entire
area covered by Mangalur and Nallur blocks. This area is occupied by denudational landforms
like shallow buried pediment, deep buried pediment and pediments. Central part of the district is
characterized by sedimentary high grounds, elevation >80 m of Cuddalore sandstone of Tertiary
age. This zone occupies part of Virudhachalam, Kammapuram, Kurinjipadi, Cuddalore and
Kattumannarkoil taluks. Rest of the area in the district is covered by eastern coastal plain, which
predominantly occupied by the flood plain of fluvial origin formed under the influence of
Penniyar, Vellar and Coleroon river systems. Marine sedimentary plain is noted all along the
eastern coastal region. In between the marine sedimentary plain and fluvial flood plains, fluvio
marine deposits are noted, which consists of sand dunes and back swamp areas. which shows
in Figure 3-12that major part of the study area is covered by Denudational Origin–Pediplain
Complex 63.13%, Anthropogenic Terrain - Anthropogenic Origin 18.18%, Fluvial Origin - Fluvial
Flood Plain 15.48 & Water Bodies/Tank 3.19%. Geomorphology Map of study area is given in
Figure 3-13.

3.19%

15.48%
Denudational Origin -
Pediment/Pediplain Complex
18.19%
63.14% Anthropogenic Terrain -
Anthropogenic Origin

Fluvial Origin - Fluvial Flood

Plain

Water Bodies/Tanks

Figure 3-12 Geomorphology Pattern of the study area

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Figure 3-13 Geomorphology Map of Study area

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3.4.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District

Ground water occurs in all the geological formations ranging in age from Archaean to Recent
which can be broadly classified into two hydrogeological units namely a) fissured and fractured
formations b) porous formation.

Fissured and Fractured formations: The hard consolidated and crystalline rocks of Archaean
age represent the fissured and fractured formations and occur in the western part of the district
covering major part of Titangudi and western part of Virudhachalam taluks and consists mainly
Charnockite and associated rocks ofArchaean age. The secondary porosity in the weathered
fissured and fractured zones forms the avenues for ground water occurrence and movement,
which are more than 12 m bgl at places. Ground water in this terrain is developed by means of
dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells/tube wells. The depth of the wells varies from 10
– 15 m bgl with yield varying from 25,000 to 1 lakh litres/day. The bore wells tap the fracture
within 100 m bgl can yield up to 5 lps and can sustain a pumping of 4 – 8 hrs in a day.
Porous Formation: The unconsolidated quaternary sediments consisting of laterite and the
fluvial and coastal alluvium and the semi consolidated formations comprising the Cuddalore
sandstone and Gopurapuram formations of Tertiary era, Calcareous sandstone moral of Upper
cretaceous. The unconsolidated quaternary alluvium and the Cuddalore sandstone form the
principal and potential aquifers in the district.

In the area underlain by cretaceous formations ground water occurs generally at bedding places
and joints siliceous limestones or in the intergranular pore spaces of calcareous Sandstone. In
the semi consolidated Gopurapuram formations are essentially argillaceous, comprising silts,
clay stones, calcareous sandstones, siliceous limestones and algal limestones.Depth 50 –750
m bgl. Tube wells tapping cretaceous formation are in the depth range of 100 to 250 m bgl with
a yield of 8 lps. It can sustain a pumping of 6 hrs per day. It is generally used for
drinking/irrigation purposes.

The tertiary aquifer comprising Cuddalore Sandstone is the most productive aquifer and occurs
in the depth range of 100 to 457 m. The yield of the wells varies from 20 to 65 lps and can
sustain a pumping of 10 – 14 hrs a day. It is mainly used for irrigation purposes.

The quaternary formations in the district consist of sediments of fluvial fluvio-marine and marine
facies. It includes various types of soil, fine to coarse-grained sands, silts, clays laterite and
lateritic gravels. Laterite and lateritic gravels occur in major part of the district covering the
Cuddalore sandstones. The Laterites are generally ferruginous and sometimes extensive in

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occurrence as near Vadalur and Maduraipakkam, Laterites are dark brown. The quaternary
formation occurs at shallow depth less than 30 m and is tapped by dug 8 wells and filter points.
The yield of the wells vary from less than 1 to 5 lps and can sustain a pumping of 6 – 8 hrs in a
day. The study area covers semi unconsolidated quaternary and the Cuddalore lime stone
which form the potential for aquifers in the district. Ground water yield prospects of the study
area shows in a range of 300-2000 LPM. Hydrogeology map of PIA district is given in Figure
3-14.

Figure 3-14 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district

3.4.9 Drainage Pattern in PIA District

The district is drained by Gadilam and Pennaiyar rivers in the north, Vellar and coleroon in the
south. All these rivers are ephemeral and carry floods during monsoon. They generally flow

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from west towards east and the pattern is mainly sub parallel.The eastern coastal part near
Porto-Novo is characterized by lagoons and back waters.Ponniyar is one of the major seasonal
river drains the northern part of the district, which originates from the Nandi hills. Thurinjalar and
Musukundah rivers are the tributaries, which join the Ponnaiyar River, Malattar river. the
distributory of the Ponnaiyar River. Vellar, are the other major seasonal river, which drains the
major portion in the southern part of the district. Manimuktha, Gomukhi and Mayura are the
major tributaries which join the Vellar river Manimukta Nadi River in South direction 7.39 Km
and Vellar River in South South West direction from the project site Drainage map of the study
area is given in Figure 3-15.

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3.4.10 Soil charecteristics in PIA District

The soils charecteristics of the district are classified as the black, red, ferruginous and
arenacious. They are again subdivided into clays, loam and sands. Black soils are observed in
the chidambaram and Vriddhachalam taluks. The sandy soils are seen along the coast in
Cuddalore and Chidambaram taluks. The younger alluvial soils are found as small patches
along the stream and river courses in the district. Red sandy soil is seen covering the Cuddalore
sandstone, laterite and lateritic gravels occur in parts of Vriddhachalam, Panruti and Cuddalore
taluks. The study falls in the soil order of recent sandstones. Soil Map of Tamil Nadu is given in
the soils of the district can be broadly grouped into red loamy soil and lateritic soil Figure 3-16.

Figure 3-16 Soil Map of Cuddalore District

Source: Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: CUDDALORE

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3.4.11 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion in PIA District

Heavy rains showers during the months of October, November and December inundates low-
lying areas, coastal areas and the areas nearby major irrigation sources. Cyclones are also part
of the North East monsoon. Due to floods, sudden outbreak of several water borne diseases
was also experienced in the past. This Action Plan has to be implemented keeping in mind the
following hazards which also include natural calamities like Drought, Tsunami and Man-made
disaster like Chemical Pollution, Fire accidents etc. Cuddalore District consists of nine taluks
viz. Cuddalore, Panruti, Kurinjipadi, Chidambaram, Kattumannarkoil, bhuvanagiri,Vridhachalam,
Veppur and Tittagudi. Among these, Cuddalore, kurinjipadi, bhuvanagiri and Chidambaram are
the coastal taluks that lies in the heavy wind and cyclone zone while other five taluks lies in the
flood zone. Cuddalore has the land slope from west to east and from north to south. Since the
district is situated at the seacoast, it drains water not only within the district, but also from the
catchments close by relatively the mid land slopes make drainage difficult. Cuddalore has
always been classified as a multi-hazard prone district. Cyclones and floods have wreaked
havoc in the district several times in the past few centuries. The district also falls within the
Zone-3 with respect to earthquakes.The problem owes its genesis to the location of the district.
The district has a coastline of approximately 52.5 Kms. Therefore, the district is vulnerable to
the cyclonic depressions and the resultant rains, which cause floods.Cuddalore District has an
area of 3,698.68 Sq.Km. Comprising of extremely fertile and well irrigated lands benefiting from
water draining over fields and through major and minor river systems. The district however
suffers from the flooding when excess water flows down these local rivers and over the fields
due to Northeast monsoon rains in the river basins and in the district itself. As per India Wind
and Cyclone Hazard map cuddalore district falls under very high damage risk zone of wind and
Cyclone with a speed of 50m/s. Cyclone and wind Hazard Map of India is given in Figure 3-17.

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Figure 3-17: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India

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3.4.12 Seismicity

As per the IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002 of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the project location/study
area falls in Zone II, which is categorised as a moderate risk zone. The seismicity map of India
is shown in Figure 3-18.

Figure 3-18 Seismicity Map of India

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3.5 Air Environment

Baseline ambient air quality assessment gives the status in the vicinity of site and is an
indispensable part of environmental impact assessment studies. Significant changes, in
predominant winds and weather conditions are observed in winter, summer and pre-monsoon
seasons apart from the local topographic influences. The baseline status of air environment in
the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance programme.

3.5.1 Meteorological Conditions

The regional air quality is influenced by the meteorology of that region. The principal weather
parameters that influence the concentration of the air pollutants in the surroundings are wind
speed, wind direction and temperature. The meteorological data is useful for proper
interpretation of the baseline data. It is used as input for air quality dispersion models for
predicting the post project environmental scenario i.e. ground level concentrations due to
proposed power plant stacks.

3.5.2 Meteorological Data Collection

Available secondary data pertaining to the meteorological parameters was obtained from the
IMD Climatological tables. In addition, baseline meteorological data (primary data) was
generated during the Pre-monsoon Season (March - May, 2017). The methodology adopted for
monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) i.e. IS:8829 and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

3.5.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data

The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is Cuddalore.
The Climatological data for Cuddalore (11 46’ N and 790 46’ E), published by the IMD, based
on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period (1971 – 2001), is
presented in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly
variations of the relevant meteorological parameters are reproduced in Table 4.4. Annual Wind
rose –Cuddalore (IMD) is given Figure 3-19.

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Table 3-4 Climatological Summary – Cuddalore Region (1971-2000)

Station Predominan
Relative
Rainfall Level t Wind
Temp (oC) Humidity Mean
(mm) Pressure Directions
(%) Wind
hPa (From)*
Month Spee
No.
Dail Dail d
of 08:3 17:3 08:3 17:3 08:3 17:3
y y Total (m/s)
day 0 0 0 0 0 0
Max. Min.
s
Jan 28.8 20.3 31.4 1.6 85 70 24.2 242 2.2 N NE
Feb 30.1 21.1 6.7 1.0 84 69 25.7 25.8 1.9 NW SE
Mar 31.9 22.8 15.1 0.8 81 70 28.5 28.6 2.1 NW SE
Apr 33.9 25.7 8.1 0.4 75 73 31.3 32.4 2.5 S SE
May 36.5 26.9 29.6 1.6 68 72 30.1 33.7 2.7 SW SE
Jun 37.0 26.6 39.3 3.1 65 62 27.8 29.8 2.7 SW SE
Jul 35.4 25.7 87.0 5.2 70 64 27.8 29.7 2.3 SW SE
Aug 34.7 25.2 115.1 6.1 73 66 28.2 30.1 2.2 SW SE
Sep 33.7 24.7 142.9 7.1 77 74 29.2 31.5 2.0 SW SE
Oct 31.8 24.2 250.9 9.6 83 77 30.0 30.6 1.7 SW SE
Nov 29.7 22.7 335.4 11.0 86 78 28.2 28.1 2.1 N NE
Dec 28.6 21.3 219.7 7.0 86 75 25.6 25.6 2.6 N NE
242.
Max. 2.7 Predominant
37.0 26.9 335.4 11.0 86.0 78.0 31.3 0
wind
Min. 28.6 20.3 6.7 0.4 65.0 62.0 24.2 25.6 1.7
direction is
Avg./Tota 1281.
32.7 23.9 54.5 77.8 70.8 28.1 47.3 2.2 SE
l 2

As per climatological observations the observations drawn for the study period with Cuddalore
region as reference are summarized below.

 Daily maximum temperature as per IMD is 37oC and the daily minimum temperature is
20.3oC were recorded in the months of March and May respectively
 Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 86 % and 65 % were recorded in the months of
November, December and June respectively
 Maximum and minimum rainfall of 335.4 mm and 6.7 mm was recorded in the months of
November and February respectively
 Total rainfall recorded is 1281.2mm
 Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.7m/s and 1.7 m/s.
Annual Wind predominant pattern is from South East

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Figure 3-19 Annual Wind rose –Cuddalore (as per IMD)

3.5.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period

Meteorological scenario in and around the project site is an essential requirement during study
period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. Meteorological data was collected
during the study period; Pre-monsoon/Summer Season (March - May, 2017). Seasonal Wind
rose (March –May) as per IMD Cuddalore Observatory Data is given in Figure 3-20 & the Site
specific wind rose for the study period (March –May 2017) is given in Figure 3-21.

Figure 3-20Seasonal Wind rose (March –May) as per IMD Cuddalore Observatory Data

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Figure 3-21 Seasonal Wind rose (March –May, 2017) Site specific

3.5.5 Atmospheric Inversion

Atmospheric inversion level at the project site was monitored; the results observed at the site
during the study period are as follows:

 Average atmospheric temperature: 29.50C

 Average Relative humidity: 71%
 Average Wind speed: 1.1 m/s

The daily inversion level calculated based on the average temperature and average wind speed
at the project site and the maximum inversion height is derived by the graph plotted based on
the average temperature and average wind speed. The daily inversion level at the project site
varies from 50 to 1750m during 6 AM to 6 PM, the maximum recorded at 5 PM, March 2017.
This is shown in Figure 3-22.

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Figure 3-22 Hourly variation of the mixing heights

3.5.5.1 Meteorological data during Study Period

The meteorological data of study period was used for interpretation of baseline status and to
simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modeling studies.
Meteorology Data for the Study Period (March – May, 2017).

Table 3-5 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (March - May, 2017)

S. No Parameter Observation

1. Temperature Min Temperature: 20.60C

Max Temperature: 43.60C
Avg Temperature: 25.50C
2. Average Relative Humidity 76%
3. Average Wind Speed 1.2 m/s
4. Site Specific Predominant South West
Wind Direction

3.5.6 Ambient Air Quality

The selection criteria for monitoring locations are based on the following:

 Topography/Terrain/Land use
 Meteorological conditions
 Residential and sensitive areas within the study area
 Representatives of regional background air quality/pollution levels and
 Representation of likely impacted areas
 As per MoEF&CC guidelines given in EIA manual.

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3.5.6.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

To evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, Twelve (12) monitoring locations have
been identified as per IMD Climatological data-Cuddalore Region (1971-2000). The annual wind
predominant is from South East. Details of the locations are given inTable 3-6and Map showing
the monitoring locations Figure 3-23.

Table 3-6 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Distance
Type
Station (km) from Azimuth
Location of
Code Project Directions
Wind
boundary
A1 Project Site - Within Site
A2 Periyakappankulam c/w 4.26 NNE
A3 Kunankurichi c/w 0.87 E
A4 Umangalam u/w 1.01 SE
A5 Uttangal c/w 0.72 S
A6 Edaikuppam c/w 0.69 W
A7 Vridhagirikuppam d/w 1.30 WNW
A8 Mudanai d/w 0.86 NW
A9 Edatteru d/w 1.64 NW
A10 Kotteri d/w 4.62 WNW
A11 Block-29 c/w 3.92 NNE
Chinna
A12 c/w 5.80 NNE
Kappankulam

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Figure 3-23 Map showing the air monitoring locations

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3.5.6.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency

Ambient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season (shall cover 12 weeks),
i.e. during Pre Monsoon season (March - May, 2017). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Pb, NH3, C6H6,
C20H12, As, Ni, were monitored on 24 hourly basis and O3 and CO were monitored on eight
hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
monitoring guidelines at each location. Analytical methods used for analysis of parameters are
given in Table 3-7.

Table 3-7 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters

Sampling Detection
S.No Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009
Time limit
Sulphur Dioxide IS:5182(Part-2):2001 50 80 3
1 3 24 Hours 5 μg/m
(SO2), μg/m (Reaff:2006) (Annual) (24 Hours)
Nitrogen Dioxide IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 40 80 3
2 3 24 Hours 6 μg/m
(NO2), μg/m 2006 (Annual) (24 Hours)
Particulate Matter IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 40 60 (24 3
3 3 24 Hours 5 μg/m
(PM2.5), μg/m 2006 (Annual) hours)
Particulate Matter IS:5182 (Part– 23): 60 100 (24 3
4 3 24 Hours 10 μg/m
(PM10), μg/m 2006 (Annual) hours)
Carbon Monoxide IS:5182(Part–10):1999 0.05
5 3 2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 8 Hours 3
(CO) mg/m (Reaff:2006) mg/Nm
3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004 0.5(Annual 3
6 Lead (Pb) μg/m 1(24 hours) 24 Hours 0.05 μg/m
(Reaff:2006) )
3 IS: 5182 (Part – 9): 100 (8 3
7 Ozone (O3,) μg/m 180 (1hour) 8 Hours 10 μg/m
1974 hours)
APHA(air) 2nd edition
Ammonia (NH3) 100(Annual 400(24 3
8 3 (Indophenol-blue 8 Hours 5 μg/m
μg/m ) hours)
method)
Benzene (C6H6), IS:5182(Part–11):1999 3
9 3 5 (Annual) 5 (Annual) 24 Hours 1 μg/m
μg/m (RA:2009)
Benzo (a) pyrene IS:5182(Part–12):2004 3
10 3 1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 24 Hours 1 ng/m
(C20 H12), ng/m (RA:2009)
Arsenic (As), ng/ 3
11 3 APHA (air) 2nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 24 Hours 2 ng/m
m
HECS/AIR/Ambient/SO 20 3
12. Nickel (Ni), ng/ m3 20 (Annual) 24 Hours 10 ng/m
P007 (Annual)

3.5.6.3 Results and Discussions

The variations of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3 , NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As, Ni,
are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), MoEF&CC Notification,
November, 2009. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (March - May, 2017) for the study area is
given in Table 3-8 and trends of measured ambient concentration in the study area were
graphically represented in Figure 3-24.

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Table 3-8 Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants

Locations
NAAQ A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Parameters Conc.
Standards
Project Site Periyakappankulam Kunankurichi Umangalam Uttangal
Min. 60.0 62.0 60.8 46.0 50.3

PM10 Conc. (µg/m³) Max. 100 (24 95.3 82.0 86.0 83.0 86.0
Avg. Hours) 80.4 70.6 72.9 67.1 65.4
98th ‘tile 93.2 81.4 85.7 81.8 83.1
Min. 21.0 21.3 15.0 20.8 17.0
PM2.5 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 44.6 37.0 41.3 39.0 34.1
60 (24
Avg. Hours) 33.8 28.7 30.1 28.4 25.9
98th ‘tile 43.7 36.5 41.2 38.5 33.6

Min. 5.6 6 5.7 5.8 5.4

SO2 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 80 (24 17 17.8 12.7 9 12
Avg. Hours) 9.9 9.1 8.0 7.5 7.6
98th ‘tile 15.9 16.4 11.5 9.0 11.6
Min. 14.0 12.8 13.3 12.2 13.8
NO2 Conc.(µg/m3) 29.0 25.0 22.9 29.1 25.4
Max. 80 (24
Avg., Hours) 19.7 18.7 17.2 17.7 17.3

98th ‘tile 29.0 24.1 22.0 27.6 25.1

Avg. 1 (24
Pb (μg/m3) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05)
hour)
CO (mg/m3) Avg. 4 (1hour) 0.53 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.36
Avg. 180
O3 (μg/m3) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10)
(1hour)

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Locations
NAAQ A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Parameters Conc.
Standards
Project Site Periyakappankulam Kunankurichi Umangalam Uttangal
Avg. 400 (24
NH3 (μg/m3) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5)
hours)
C6H6 (μg/m3) Avg. 5 (Annual) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1)
C20H12, (ng/m3) Avg. 1 (Annual) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1)
As (ng/ m3) Avg. 6 (Annual) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2)
Avg. 20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Ni (ng/m3)
(Annual) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10)

Note: BDL (Below detectable limit), DL (Detectable limit)

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Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants

Locations
NAAQ A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Parameters Conc.
Standards
Edaikuppam Vridhagirikuppam Mudanai Edatteru Kotteri

Min. 49.6 46.0 48.1 44.4 47.5

PM10 Conc. (µg/m³) Max. 100 79.6 78.0 78.9 78.9 76.0
Avg. (24 Hours) 63.1 64.3 62.0 59.3 58.1
98th ‘tile 78.4 77.5 77.6 77.6 75.5
Min. 21.0 21.0 20.3 18.0 16.5
PM2.5 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 35.6 36.4 36.0 35.0 39.6
60
Avg. (24 Hours) 26.8 26.5 27.4 25.6 25.3
98th ‘tile 34.6 36.2 36.0 35.0 39.2

Min. 5.5 5 5.6 5.4 6

SO2 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 80 12.4 11 14 11 13.6
(24 Hours) 7.3 6.7 8.1 7.3 9.3
Avg.
98th ‘tile 11.3 10.1 13.6 11.0 13.5
Min. 10.3 12.6 9.8 10.3 12.1
NO2 Conc.(µg/m3) 23.1 21.0 20.0 19.8 28.4
Max. 80
Avg., (24 Hours) 16.1 16.6 15.8 16.4 18.0

98th ‘tile 22.1 21.0 19.9 19.8 26.4

Avg. 1
Pb (μg/m3) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05)
(24 hour)
CO (mg/m3) Avg. 4 0.34 0.29 0.27 0.30 0.26

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Locations
NAAQ A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Parameters Conc.
Standards
Edaikuppam Vridhagirikuppam Mudanai Edatteru Kotteri

(1hour)
Avg. 180
O3 (μg/m3) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10) BDL (10)
(1hour)
Avg. 400
NH3 (μg/m3) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5) BDL (5)
(24 hours)
Avg. 5
C6H6 (μg/m3) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1)
(Annual)
Avg. 1
C20H12 (, (ng/m3) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1) BDL (1)
(Annual)
Avg. 6
As (ng/ m3) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2) BDL (2)
(Annual)
Avg. 20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Ni (ng/m3)
(Annual) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10)
Note: - BDL = Below Detectable Limit

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Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants

Locations
NAAQ
Parameters Conc. A11 A12
Standards
Block 29 Chinna kappankulam
Min. 46.4 46.5
PM10 Conc. (µg/m³) Max. 100 62.4 64.8
Avg. (24 Hours) 53.6 54.8
98th ‘tile 62.4 63.8
Min. 24.1 25.0
PM2.5 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 36.5 37.4
60
Avg. (24 Hours) 29.2 30.5
98th ‘tile 35.764 36.986
Min. 6.4 6.4
SO2 Conc. (µg/m3) Max. 80 14.2 12.5
Avg. (24 Hours) 9.4 9.8
98th ‘tile 13.5 12.5
Min. 17.5 19.5
NO2 Conc.(µg/m3)
Max. 80 25.7 26.5
Avg., (24 Hours) 21.4 23.5
98th ‘tile 25.102 26.5
Avg. 1
Pb (μg/m3)
(24 hour) BDL (0.05) BDL (0.05)
Avg. 4
CO (mg/m3)
(1hour) 0.61 0.63

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Locations
NAAQ
Parameters Conc. A11 A12
Standards
Block 29 Chinna kappankulam
Avg. 180
O3 (μg/m3) BDL (10) BDL (10)
(1hour)
Avg. 400
NH3 (μg/m3) BDL (5) BDL (5)
(24 hours)
Avg. 5
C6H6 (μg/m3)
(Annual) BDL (1) BDL (1)
Avg. 1
C20H12 (, (ng/m3)
(Annual) BDL (1) BDL (1)
Avg. 6
As (ng/ m3)
(Annual) BDL (2) BDL (2)
Avg. 20 BDL BDL
Ni (ng/m3)
(Annual) (DL 10) (DL 10)

Note: - BDL = Below Detectable Limit

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Figure 3-24 Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 PM2.5, SO2 & NOX Concentrations in the Study Area

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3.5.6.4 Summary and Observations

1. Maximum concentrations of PM10 observedat project site (95.3 µg/m³) and minimum of
53.6µg/m³ at Block-29 which are with in the NAAQ standards.
2. Maximum concentrations of PM2.5 observedat Project site (44.6 µg/m³), and minimum of
(25.3 µg/m³) at Koterri village which are with in the NAAQ standards.
3. The maximum concentrations of criteria pollutants like SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3 , NH3 , C6H6,
C20 H12, As, Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial,
Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.

3.6 Noise Environment

The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of all
kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient noise
level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities.Ambient
noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at Ten (10) locations in and
around 10Km distance from project area during March - May, 2017 using precision noise level
meter. The noise monitoring locations in the study area were selected after giving due
consideration to the various land use categories. The land use categories include commercial,
residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were recorded on an hourly basis for one
complete day at each location using pre- calibrated noise levels. A map showing the noise
monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-25

3.6.1 Results and Discussions

Based on the recorded hourly noise levels at each monitoring location, the day equivalent (Ld)
and night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;

 Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours.

 Ln: Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours.
The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with
the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in
the Table 3-9.

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Table 3-9 Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels

Distance Noise level in

CPCB Standard
S. Locatio (km) from Azimuth dB(A) Leq Environmental
Location
No n Code Project Direction Setting
Day Night Lday (Ld) LNight (Ln)
boundary
1. Project Site N1 Within Site 54.8 49.6 75 70 Industrial
2. Periyakappankulam N2 4.35 NNE 50.1 44.6 55 45 Residential
3. Kunankurichi N3 0.78 E 49.6 43.2 55 45 Residential
4. Umangalam N4 1.33 SE 52.0 45.8 55 45 Residential
5. Uttangal N5 0.72 S 54.9 40.2 65 55 Commercial
6. Edaikuppam N6 1.14 W 47.6 43.1 55 45 Residential
7. Vridhagirikuppam N7 1.22 W 46.0 38.9 55 45 Residential
8. Mudanai N8 1.24 NW 50.8 47.8 55 45 Residential
9. Edatteru N9 2.14 NW 46.3 49.3 55 45 Residential
10. Kotteri N10 4.72 NW 44.9 40.7 55 45 Residential

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Figure 3-25 Map showing the noise monitoring locations

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3.6.2 Observations

It is observed that the day equivalent and night equivalent noise levels at all locations are
within prescribed CPCB standards

 Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 44.9 dB(A) to 54.9 dB (A)
 Max noise levels observed in the industrial area is 54.8 dB(A) during day time
 Max noise levels observed in the residential area is 52 dB(A) during day time
 Max noise levels observed in the commercial area is 54.9 dB(A) during day time
 Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 38.9 dB (A) to 49.6 dB (A).

The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels were
slightly exceeded the prescribed standards by MoEF&CC.

3.7 Water Environment

Cuddalore district is endowed with the following five river basins Cauvery- Coleroon river
basin Vellar river basin Manimuthar river basin Pennaiyar river basin Gadilam river basin

Heavy rain and consequent discharges of surplus water from the dams in Cauvery basin of
Karnataka state result in over flooding of the basin, particularly, during SWM. Similarly, the
local heavy rain during NEM also causes heavy flooding, in most years.

The river Coleroon is the drainage carrier of Cauvery, branching out near Upper Anaicut.
Normally, the entire floodwaters of Cauvery, surplus from Mettur dam are being diverted to
Upper Anaicut and Coleroon directly and also through Grand anaicut. The total length of river
Coleroon is 160 miles from Upper Anaicut and it flows through the districts of Trichy,
Perambalur, Ariyalur, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, and Nagapattinam, finally, falls into the Bay of
Bengal. Lower Anaicut is the only anaicut situated at mile 67/3 across the Coleroon River.
The lower anaicut across the Coleroon River in normal course impounds a normal flow of
water in the river and a part is diverted to Cuddalore district through the North Rajan canal
and the Vadavar.

3.7.1 Surface Water Resources

Kanyakovil Odai, a seasonal drain, and surface water source or surface water body cuts
across the north-eastern part of the study area. Numerous seasonal drainage canals also
flow into the Kanyakovil odai. Manimuktar Nadi is also source of surface water body across
southern part of the study area. It ultimately drains into Vellar River. The drainage pattern in
the area is sub-parallel

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3.7.1.1 Surface Water Quality Assessment

To establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing five representative
sampling locations for surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have
been selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate
survey of the project area. Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters is
given in Table 3-10.

Table 3-10: Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters

S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

1 Colour IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
2 Turbidity IS 3025(Part - 10):1984
3 pH IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)
4 Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)
5 Total Dissolve Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006)
6 Total Suspended Solids IS 3025 (Part - 17) 1984 (Reaff 1996)
7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009)
8 Total Hardness as CaCo3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
11 Sodium IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006)
12 Potassium IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006)
9 Calcium as Ca IS 3025 (Part - 40):1991
10 Magnesium as Mg IS 3025 (Part - 46) 1994
13 Carbonate IS 3025, (Pt 23) 1986 (R 2006)
14 Bi carbonate IS 3025, (Pt 23) 1986 (R 2006)
15 Chloride IS 3025 (Part - 32):1988
16 Sulphate SO4 IS 3025(Part - 24):1986
17 Nitrate as NO3 ASTM(Part - 31)1978
18 Phosphate IS 3025 (Pt 45) 1993 (R 2006)
19 Fluorides as F IS 3025 (Part - 60):2008
20 % Sodium IS 3025 (Pt 45) 1993 (R 2006)
21 SAR IS 3025 (Pt 45) 1993 (R 2006)
22 RSC IS 3025 (Part - 26):1986
23 Cyanide IS 3025 (Part-27):1986
24 Arsenic IS 3025:(Part-37):1988(Reaff 2009)
25 Boron IS:3025 (Part - 57):2003
26 Cadmium IS 3025 (Part - 41)1991
27 Chromium, Total IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009)
28 Copper IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009)
29 Iron IS 3025 (Part - 53):2003
30 Lead IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009)
31 Manganese IS 3025:(Part - 59):2006
32 Mercury IS 3025 (Part48):1994 RA 1999
33 Nickel IS 3025:(Part-54):2003(Reaff 2009)
34 Selenium IS 3025 Part (56)2003

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S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

35 Zinc IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009)
36 Dissolved Oxygen IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009)
37 BOD 5210B APHA22nd Edn 2012
38 COD IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006

The prevailing status of surface water quality at Five(05) sampling locations has been
assessed during the study period are presented in Table 3-11Surface water quality results
are provided in Table 3-15 And Map showing surface water sampling location is shown in
Figure 3-26.
Table 3-11 Details of Surface water sampling locations

Type of Distance from Direction

Name of the Water
S.No Source Location Code Project from project
body
Boundary (Km) boundary
1 Lake near Lake SW1
3.88 NNE
Kokkankuppam
2 Kattu Kunankurichi Lake SW2
0.12 E
Lake
3 Kothazhai Lake Near Lake SW3
4.37 ESE
Neyveli
4 Manimukta River d/s River d/s SW4 7.95 S
5 Manimukta River u/s River u/s SW5 7.44 SSW

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Figure 3-26 Map showing the surface water monitoring locations

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Table 3-12 Surface water Monitoring Results

S.No Parameters UNIT SW1 SW1 SW3 SW4 SW-5
Kattu Kattu
Lake near Kunankurichi Kothazhai Lake Manimukta River Kunankurichi
Locations Kokkankuppam Lake near Neyveli d/s Lake
1 Source River Lake Pond River River
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
2 (DL 1.0)
Colour Hazen (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0)
3 pH - 8.07 8.04 7.84 8.16 8.61
4 Turbidity NTU 10 9 13 11 10
Electrical
5
Conductivity 25◦C µmhos/cm 1034 942 1325 1012 671
Total Dissolved
6
Solids mg/l 748 685 999 748 500
Total Suspended
7
Soilds mg/l 20 18 26 22 20
Total Alkalinity as
8
CaCO3 mg/l 100 126 177 119 94
Total Hardness
9
as CaCO3 mg/l 377 360 490 394 240
10 Sodium as Na mg/l 95.4 82.6 125 87.5 67.7
11 Potassium as k mg/l 21.8 14.5 23.3 16.5 9.67
12 Calcium as Ca mg/l 96.5 105 116 114 65.5
Magnesium as
13
Mg mg/l 32.9 23.6 48.7 26.4 18.6
14 Carbonate mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
15 Bicarbonate mg/l 122 154 216 145 115
16 Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 165 125 216 154 95
17 Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 121 95.4 132 112 65.3
18 Nitrates(NO3) mg/l 1.492 0.774 1.09 1.25 1.216
19 Phosphate mg/l 0.3 BDL(DL 0.02) 0.05 0.19 0.22
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S.No Parameters UNIT SW1 SW1 SW3 SW4 SW-5

Kattu Kattu
Lake near Kunankurichi Kothazhai Lake Manimukta River Kunankurichi
Locations Kokkankuppam Lake near Neyveli d/s Lake
20 Fluoride as F- mg/l 0.56 BDL(DL0.05) BDL(DL0.05) 0.19 BDL(DL0.05)
21 % Sodium % 33.9 32.2 34.3 36.8 31.5
Sodium
22 Absorbtion ratio 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.9
(SAR)
23 cyanide mg/l BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01)
24 arsenic mg/l BDL (0.00.5) BDL (0.00.5) BDL (0.00.5) BDL (0.00.5) BDL (0.00.5)
24 Boron mg/l 0.054 0.014 BDL (DL 0.1) 0.0224 0.0165
26 cadmium mg/l BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01) BDL (DL0.01)
27 Chromium mg/l BDL (DL0.05) BDL (DL0.05) BDL (DL0.05) BDL (DL0.05) BDL (DL0.05)
28 Copper mg/l 0.054 0.044 0.023 0.035 0.023
29 Iron mg/l 0.19 0.11 0.41 0.14 0.21
30 lead mg/l BDL (DL 0.1) BDL (DL 0.1) BDL (DL 0.1) BDL (DL 0.1) BDL (DL 0.1)
31 Manganese mg/l BDL (DL 0.05) BDL (DL 0.05) BDL (DL 0.05) BDL (DL 0.05) BDL (DL 0.05)
32 Mercury mg/l BDL (DL 0.001) BDL (DL 0.001) BDL (DL 0.001) BDL (DL 0.001) BDL (DL 0.001)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
33 (DL0.05)
Nickel mg/l (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
34 (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005)
Selenium mg/l
35 Zinc mg/l 3.14 2.73 1.65 2.48 3.25
Dissolved
37 5.9 5.7 6.6 6.7 6.7
Oxygen mg/l
38 COD mg/l 21.8 23.8 25.4 22.7 26.1
BOD 3days
39 5.9 5.4 5.6 4.3 4.7
@27°C mg/l

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3.7.1.2 Results and Discussions

Summary of analytical results

 All surface water samples are falling under ‘B’ category of IS 2296:1992 of
Surface water standards.
 In the surface water the pH varies between 7.84-8.61.
 The Total Dissolved Solids range varies between 500 mg/l – 999 mg/l for the
surface water.
 The chloride content in the surface water for study area is ranges between 95
mg/l –216mg/l and it is within the limits.
 The sulphate content of the surface water of the study area varies between 65.3
mg/l – 132 mg/l meeting the desirable limit of the IS 2296:1992.
 The Total hardness ranges is between 240 mg/l - 394 mg/l.

Surface water Standards

S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E

1 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 --- ---
2 Turbidity NTU --- --- --- --- ---
3 pH -- 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
4 Conductivity µS/cm --- --- --- 1000 2250
5 Total Dissolved mg/l 500 --- 1500 --- 2100
Solids
6 Alkalinity as mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
CaCO3
7 Total Hardness as mg/l 300 --- --- --- ---
CaCo3
8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 80.10 --- --- --- ---
9 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 24.28 --- --- --- ---
10 Sodium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
11 Potassium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 --- 600 --- 600
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 --- 400 --- 1000
14 Phosphate mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 20 --- 50 --- ---
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 --- ---
17 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---
18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 --- ---
19 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.01 --- ---
20 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---
21 Copper mg/l 1.5 --- 1.5 --- ---
22 Iron mg/l 0.3 --- 50 --- ---
23 Lead mg/l 0.1 --- 0.1 --- ---
24 Zinc mg/l 15 --- 15 --- ---
25 Manganese mg/l 0.5 --- --- --- ---
26 Selenium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.05 --- ---
27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 --- --- --- ---

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28 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 ---

29 COD mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
30 BOD mg/l 2 3 3 --- ---

Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection.

Class B –Water for outdoor bathing.
Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.
Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation.
Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal.

3.7.2 Ground water resources

The district’s Net Ground water Availability is 156458.31 Ham, the gross draft for all users is
110841.93 Ham and Net Ground water Availability for further irrigation is 45561.68 Ham.
Development of ground water in the district is mainly through dug wells, dug cum bore wells
and bore wells/tube wells. The gross draft irrigation is 107124.76 Ham and gross draft for
domestic and industrial purposes is 3717.18 Ham. The block wise gross draft for all use
ranges from 644.61 (Portanova) to 16199.43 Ham (Cuddalore).

The groundwater potential of the gross geographical area of the basin is estimated on pro-
rata basis from the district-wise groundwater resources-2012 published by the Central
Ground Water Board (CGWB) as given in Table 3-13. Depth of Ground water level during
Pre-monsoon & Post-Monsoon for Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu is given in Figure 3-27

Table 3-13 Groundwater Potential in Cuddalore PIA District

Potential
Attribute
/Quantity
Area of the district 3677.81 Sq.Km
Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 1564 MCM
Total Annul Ground Water Draft for all purposes 1108MCM
Stage of Ground Water Development 67%
Category Safe

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Figure 3-27 Depth of Ground water level during & Pre-Monsoon Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu

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3.7.2.1 Ground water Quality

Total Ten (10) ground water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different
villages around the project site based on the usage of sub surface water by the settlements/
villages in the study area. The groundwater results are compared with the desirable and
permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water. Groundwater
monitoring locations and results are given in Table 3-14 and Figure 3-28.

Table 3-14: Details of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations

Distance
Station (km) from Azimuth
Location
Code Project Directions
boundary
GW1 Project Site Within Site
GW2 Periyakappankulam 4.26 NNE
GW3 Kunankurichi 0.87 E
GW4 Umangalam 1.01 SE
GW5 Uttangal 0.72 S
GW6 Edaikuppam 0.69 W
GW7 Vridhagirikuppam 1.30 WNW
GW8 Mudanai 0.86 NW
GW9 Edatteru 1.64 NW
GW10 Kotteri 4.62 WNW

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Figure 3-28 Map showing theground water monitoring locations

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Table 3-15 Ground Water Monitoring Results (March 2017)

DW
Standar
ds (IS GW2 GW7
GW1 GW3 GW4 GW6
S. 10500:2 Periyak GW5 Vridhagi GW8 GW9 GW10
Parameters UNIT Project Kunank Umanga Edaikup
No 012) appank Uttangal rikuppa Mudanai Edatteru Kotteri
Site urichi lam pam
Accepta ulam m
ble
Limit
Tubewel Tubewel
Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell Tubewell
Source l l
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
1 colour hazen 5 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0)
6.5 to
8.44 8.06 8.23 8.29 7.94 8.08 7.51 7.69 7.4 8.21
2 pH 8.5
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
3 Turbidity NTU 1 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0)
electrical µmho
893 460 1010 2297 1967 350 268 316 385 585
4 conductivity s/cm
toal dissolved
500 564 324 613 1747 1481 251 191 217 264 438
5 solids mg/l
total
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
suspended
1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0) 1.0)
6 solids mg/l
7 total alkalinity mg/l 200 103 72 126 234 216 54 46 49 57 79
8 total hardness mg/l 200 277 129 338 835 767 81 66 80 102 186
9 sodium as na mg/l 75.3 44.8 83.5 253 202 34.8 21.6 26.5 36.7 64.8
potassium as
7.2 4.9 12.9 84.7 51.2 6.9 3.9 8.7 5.6 6.3
10 K mg/l
12 calcium as Ca mg/l 75 66.8 30.6 64 226 196 24.7 15.4 18.6 26.8 48.6
Magnesium as
26.8 12.8 36.6 65.7 64.2 4.7 6.8 8.26 8.4 15.7
13 mg mg/l 30
14 carbonates mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 bicarbonates mg/l 126.0 87.5 154.0 285.0 263 65 57 59 69 96

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DW
Standar
ds (IS GW2 GW7
GW1 GW3 GW4 GW6
S. 10500:2 Periyak GW5 Vridhagi GW8 GW9 GW10
Parameters UNIT Project Kunank Umanga Edaikup
No 012) appank Uttangal rikuppa Mudanai Edatteru Kotteri
Site urichi lam pam
Accepta ulam m
ble
Limit
chlorides as
110 66.9 78 325 284 54.8 42.8 47.2 58.2 86.2
16 Cl- mg/l 250
17 sulphates mg/l 200 75.7 27.7 102 295 235 20.1 17.3 18.3 20.9 56.2
18 nitrates mg/l 45 6.23 7.44 6.47 2.51 7.46 6.98 1.25 1.54 4.07 8.67
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
19 Phosphate mg/l 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02)
20 Fluorides as F- mg/l 1 0.26 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.21 0.13 0.25 0.22 0.31 0.18
21 % sodium % 36.4 41.87 33.93 36.85 15.24 45.71 39.69 38.64 42.35 42.08
sodium
absorption 1.97 1.72 1.98 3.81 1.08 1.68 1.15 1.29 1.58 2.07
22 ration
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
23 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24 Aresenic mg/l 0.01 (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
BDL (DL BDL (DL
0.014 0.054 0.0224 0.0165 0.014 0.054 0.0224 0.0165
25 boron mg/l 0.5 0.1) 0.1)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
26 Cadmium mg/l 0.003 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
27 Chromium mg/l 0.05 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
0.05 0.055 0.019 0.024 0.036 0.047 0.019
28 Copper mg/l 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01)
BDL (DL
0.12 0.07 0.13 0.35 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.1 0.1
29 Iron mg/l 0.3 0.02)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
30 Lead mg/l 0.01 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1)
31 Manganese mg/l 0.1 BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL

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DW
Standar
ds (IS GW2 GW7
GW1 GW3 GW4 GW6
S. 10500:2 Periyak GW5 Vridhagi GW8 GW9 GW10
Parameters UNIT Project Kunank Umanga Edaikup
No 012) appank Uttangal rikuppa Mudanai Edatteru Kotteri
Site urichi lam pam
Accepta ulam m
ble
Limit
0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
32 Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
33 Nickel mg/l 0.02 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
34 Selenium mg/l 0.01 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
0.32 0.41 0.18
35 Zinc mg/l 5 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1)
Dissolved
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
37 oxygen mg/l
BOD 3days BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
38 @27°C mg/l 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1)
BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL (DL
39 COD mg/l 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4)
BDL: Below detectable limit; DL: Detectable limit

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3.7.2.2 Results and Discussions

A summary of analytical results are presented below:

 The ground water results of the study area indicate that the average pH ranges is varied
between 7.4-8.44
 The Total Dissolved Solids range is varied between 191mg/l – 1747 mg/l for the ground
water. Out of 10 samples collected in 10 locations at four locations it exceeds the
permissible limits of IS 10500: 2012
 The acceptable limit of the chloride content is 250mg/l and permissible limit is 1000 mg/l.
The chloride content in the ground water for study area is ranges between 42.8 mg/l –
325 mg/l.
 The acceptable limit of the sulphate content is 200mg/l and permissible limit is 400mg/l.
the sulphate content of the ground water of the study area is varied between 17.3 mg/l –
295 mg/l meeting the desirable limit of the IS 10500: 2012.
 The Total hardness ranges is between 66 mg/l - 835 mg/l for ground water. Out of 10
samples collected in 10 locations at four locations it exceeds the permissible limit of the
IS 10500: 2012.

3.8 Soil as a resource and its Quality

Major soil types, in Cuddalore district, includes the red soil in367791 Ha, sandy clay loam in
128573 Ha, clay loam in 115565 Ha, sandy loam in 91679 Ha and sandy soil in 31974 Ha.
The sandy soils are seen along the coast in Cuddalore. The predominant soil type is red soil
followed by alluvial and sandy soils in the coastal areas. Assessment of soil characteristics is
of paramount importance since the vegetation growth, agricultural practices and production is
directly related to the soil fertility and quality.

3.8.1 Soil quality

In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use
categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Ten (10) locations in the
study area. Soil analysis was carried as per IS: 2720 methods. Soil quality monitoring
locations & results are given in Table 3-16 &Table 3-17. Map showing soil monitoring
locations is given in Figure 3-29.

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Table 3-16 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations

Location Distance (Km) Direction

Location
Code w.r.t project site w.r.t. project site
S1 Project Site Within Site
S2 Periyakappankulam 4.26 NNE
S3 Kunankurichi 0.87 E
S4 Umangalam 1.01 SE
S5 Uttangal 0.72 S
S6 Edaikuppam 0.69 W
S7 Vridhagirikuppam 1.30 WNW
S8 Mudanai 0.86 NW
S9 Edatteru 1.64 NW
S10 Kotteri 4.62 WNW

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Figure 3-29 Map showing the soil monitoring locations

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Table 3-17 Soil Quality Monitoring Results

Location Vridhagirikuppam Mudanai Periyakappankulam Plant Site Uttangal
Sl.No Parameters
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
1 Colour - Yellowish Brown Brown Dark Brown Red Reddish Brown
2 Soil Texture Clay Clay Sandy Loam sandy loam Clay
3 Sand % 14 12 62 16 10
4 Silt % 11 9 18 11 12
5 Clay % 75 79 20 73 78
6 pH - 7.46 7.67 7.57 7.21 7.31
7 Electrical conductivity umhos/cm 440 528 244 395 512
8 Infiltration Rate cm/hr 1.15 0.93 1.42 1.20 0.89
9 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.17 1.33 1.36 1.29 1.35
10 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100 gm 28.3 30.6 7.8 27.6 30.4
11 Moisture content % 19.04 21.7 8.78 16.6 21.3
12 Water Holding Capacity % 26.9 28.5 27.2 20.9 27.3
13 Organic Carbon % 0.631 0.787 0.215 0.756 0.845
14 Organic matter % 1.09 1.36 0.37 1.30 1.46
15 Nitrogen as N kg/ha 457 342 213 468 452
16 Phosphorus kg/ha 167 105 36 138 112
17 Potassium kg/ha 373 284 185 381 369
18 Calcium mg/kg 94 135 45 75 116
19 Magnesium mg/kg 50 112 27 46 95
20 Boron mg/kg 2.03 1.45 1.35 2.22 1.87
21 Cadmium mg/kg 0.686 0.634 0.739 0.383 0.554
22 Chromium mg/kg 0.106 0.696 0.277 0.988 0.290
23 Copper mg/kg 9.15 5.87 4.04 2.61 4.26
24 Iron mg/kg 183 256 212 106 234
25 Manganese mg/kg 1.45 6.43 1.50 1.50 1.50
26 Zinc mg/kg 19.7 11.11 13.5 13.5 13.5

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Soil Quality Monitoring Results (Continue..)

Location Kunankurichi Umangalam Edaikuppam Edatteru Kotteri
Sl.No Parameters
S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
1 Colour - Reddish Brown Reddish Brown Yellowish Brown Yellowish Brown Dark Brown
2 Soil Texture - Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay
3 Sand % 22 18 10 13 11
4 Silt % 20 18 14 7 13
5 Clay % 58 64 76 80 76
6 pH 6.67 7.24 7.71 7.52 7.93
7 Electrical conductivity umhos/cm 295 326 457 533 490
8 Infiltration Rate cm/hr 1.24 1.21 1.13 0.74 0.92
9 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.33 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.23
10 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100 gm 23.0 26.1 28.8 30.9 29.2
11 Moisture content % 12.7 12.34 18.75 21.9 17.12
12 Water Holding Capacity % 27.3 21.0 27.8 22.7 20.3
13 Organic Carbon % 0.659 0.744 0.619 0.673 0.816
14 Organic matter % 1.14 1.28 1.07 1.16 1.41
15 Nitrogen as N kg/ha 425 432 432 628 458
16 Phosphorus kg/ha 76 102 217 247 188
17 Potassium kg/ha 348 353 354 504 373
18 Calcium mg/kg 99 141 104 132 114
19 Magnesium mg/kg 39 44 69 116 75
20 Boron mg/kg 2.35 1.81 1.77 2.74 1.78
21 Cadmium mg/kg 1.122 0.449 0.304 0.712 0.502
22 Chromium mg/kg 0..321 0.422 0.238 0.422 0.409
23 Copper mg/kg 7.72 7.01 4.61 6.12 5.17
24 Iron mg/kg 99 218 171 189 121
25 Manganese mg/kg 7.39 5.94 3.17 5.31 8.18
26 Zinc mg/kg 15.5 12.5 21.5 13.7 11.4

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3.8.2 Results and Discussions

Summary of analytical results

 The pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.67 – 7.93

 Conductivity of the soil samples ranged from 244 - 533 μS/cm. As the EC value is less
than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature
 The water holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 20.3 – 28.5 (%).
 Nitrogen content ranged from 213 kg/ha to 628 kg/Ha.
 The Organic content ranged from 0.37% to 1.46 %.
 Phosporous content ranged from 36 kg/ha to 247kg/Ha.
 Potassium content ranged from 185 kg/ha to 504 kg/Ha.
 It has been observed that the texture of the soil is clay
 The common color of soil vaired from reddish brown/ Yellowish brown at most of the
locations.

3.9 Ecology & Biological Environment

A strategic balance between physical and biological environment is vital for human survival.
Abiotic factors as air, water, soil, climate needs to be maintained for having a vibrant
atmosphere. Imparity in any aspect of sustainable environment can lead to long term damages
to the environment. A delicate balance needs to be built between the developmental vision and
the temperament to conserve the environment at the same time.This necessitates the need for
having a thorough survey of floral and faunal species and the current status of flora and fauna of
the region constitutes a vital part of this overall study.The survey of flora and fauna was carried
within the study area.Discussions were held with local people together related information on
the richness of plant and animal resources, employment opportunities, facilities for education,
health and socioeconomic condition. Biodiversity/biological richness map is given in Figure 3-30

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Figure 3-30 Biodiversity/biological richness map

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3.9.1 Methodology

We have gone around the core area and buffer zone around the project site and recorded the
flora and fauna. We have gone around all the direction of the project site and recorded the
biodiversity agricultural bunds, plantations, avenue plantations, house backyards etc., In each of
the land use, we have identified the species and recorded their life farm. Besides recording the
plant species, other biodiversity aspects in the form of endemic status, IUCN status and life form
have been collected from the literature.

3.9.2 Floral studies

Tropical mixed deciduous vegetation abounds in the core and buffer zone of project site. The
climate is typically semiarid and the vegetation is sparse. Rare and endemic species have not
been observed during the study and the area does not have any reserve forests or botanical
gardens. Main vegetation in the core zone can be classified as trees, shrubs, herbs and
climbers. Trees as Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia leucephloea, Albizia amara Delonix regia,
Ficus benghalensis and Moringa oleifera are common in the area.List on Flora
observed/reported within study area is given in Table 3-18

Table 3-18 List of Flora Reported/Observed in the Study Area

Vernacular ICUN
Sl.No Botanical Name Family Name
name Status
Climbers & Twiners
1 Abrus precatorius Papiolionaceae Kundu mani LC
2 Bougainvillea Spectabilis Nyctaginaceae NA
3 Cardiospermum Sapindaceae Mudakathan LC
helicacabum Keerai
4 Cissus Quadrangularis Vitaceae Perandai NA
5 Clitoria tematea Fabaceae Kakkanam LC
6 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Kovai NA
7 Cocculus Hirsutus Menispermaceae Kattukkodi NA
8 Cucumis trigonus Cucurbitaceae Thumattikai DD
9 Gloriosa Superba Liliaceae Kannuvalikkodi LC
10 Ipomea species Convolvulaceae Valli LC
11 Tylophora Asthmatica Asclepiadaceae Nayppalai NT
Grasses
12 Andropogon squarrosus Poaceae - LC
13 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Arugampillu LC
14 Cyperus species Cyperaceae - LC
Herbs
15 Aerva Lanata Amaranthaceae Ciru-pulai LC

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16 Aerva sessilis Amaranthaceae Ponnanganni LC

17 Allmania Nodiflora Amaranthaceae Kumattikkirai LC
18 Alternanthera Echinata Amaranthaceae Ponankani. LC
19 Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae Kuppai-k-kirai LC
20 Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Mukkurttaikkoti NA
21 Canna indica Cannaceae Cilaivalai NA
22 Cassia obtusa Fabaceae - LC
23 Catharanthus Roseus Apocynaceae Nithykalyani Ver NA
24 Centella Asiatica Mackinlayaceae Kacappi LC
25 Citrullus Colocynthis Cucurbitaceae Paedikari LC
Attutummatti
26 Cleome viscosa Capparaceae Naikkaduku LC
27 Corchorus Aestuans Malvaceae Punaku NA
28 Crotalaria willdenowiana Fabaceae Vakkunnar LC
29 Croton sparsiflorus Euphorbiaceae Kattamanakku LC
30 Cyanotis Tuberosa Commelinaceae - LC
31 Cyperus Exaltatus Cyperaceae - LC
32 Digera Muricata Amaranthaceae ToyaKeerai NA
33 Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Karisilanganni LC
34 Gomphrena decumbens Amaranthaceae NA
35 Heliotropium Scabrum Boraginaceae LC
36 Indigofera Viscosa leguminosae Aviri LC
37 Jatropha Diffusa Euphorbiaceae Atalai NA
38 Leucas Aspera Labiatae Thumbai NA
39 Melothriaca indica Fabaceae Kalutai-p-palai NA
40 Mollugo oppositifolia Aizoaceae Kachantarai NA
41 Ocimum sanctum Labiatae Thulasi NA
42 Parthenium Asteraceae - LC
hysterophours
43 Pedalium murex L. Pedeliaceae Yanai nerunjil NA
44 Phyllanthus niruri Pedeliaceae Nela nelli NA
45 Phyla nodiflora Verbeneacae Podutalai LC
46 Sida acuta Malvaceacae Vathathiruppi LC
47 Solanum melongena Solanaceae Kattiri NA
48 Tephrosia purpurea Papilionaceae Kolingi DD
49 Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Nerunji Mull NA
50 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Vettukkaaya- NA
thalai
51 Wedelia calendulacea Asteraceae Manjalkarilamka LC
nni
52 Zornia gibbosa Span. Cucurbitaceae - DD
Shrubs
53 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Thuththi LC
54 Achyranthes Aspera Amaranthaceae Shiru kadaladi LC
55 Agave tomentosa Agavaceae Aanaikathaalai. NA
56 Calotropis Gigantea Asclepiadaceae Erukku LC
57 Carissa carandas Caesalpiniaceae Kalakkai. DD
58 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Sarakkonnai LC
59 Celosia argentea Amaranthaceae Kozhi poo LC

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60 Cereus stenogonus Cactaceae - LC

61 Crotalaria juncea Papiolionaceae Canal DD
62 Datura metel L. Solaneceae Matulam NA
63 Dodonaea Viscosa Sapindaceaeae Virāli LC
64 Ervatima divartica Euphorbiaceae - NA
65 Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbiaceae Amudangam LC
66 Euphorbia splendens Euphorbiaceae - DD
67 Euphorbia tirucalli Euphorbiaceae Cakkalavi LC
68 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Malvaceae Shamberattai NA
69 Jatropha Euphorbiaceae Vellaikattukottai NA
tranquebariensis
70 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Unni Chedi LC
71 Martynia annua L Martyniaceae Puli - Nagam NA
72 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Thottaccurungi LC
73 Nerium oleander Apocynaceae Arali LC
74 Pandanus odorifer Pandanaceae Javnana chedi LC
75 Pterolobium Fabaceae Karu Indu NA
Hexapetalum
76 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Marukkaaraikai NA
77 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Kurunthotti LC
78 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Manathakkali NA
79 Solanum torvum Solanaceae Sundaikkai NA
80 Tarenna asiatica Rubiaceae Tharani LC
81 Toddalia asiatica Rutaceae kattu-milaku NA
82 Waltheria indica Malvaceae Shengalipoondu LC
Trees
83 Acacia pycnantha Mimosaceae - NA
84 Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Kari indu LC
85 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae sarai NA
86 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae Alandi NA
87 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Siridam NA
88 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Cilia NA
89 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Andima LC
90 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Palaa LC
91 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Veppai NA
92 Bambusa arundinacea Bambusaceae kulay-munkil NA
93 Bauhinia racemosa Fabaceae Atti LC
94 Bombax Ceiba Bombacaceae Sanmali NA
95 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesapiniaceae Mayurkonrai NA
96 Carica papaya Caricaceae Pappali DD
97 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae acarati LC
98 Senna occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Nattam takarai LC
99 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae Chelumal NA
100 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Savukku LC
101 Cocos nucifera Palmae Tengu NA
102 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Nukkam VU
103 Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Mayil kondrai LC
104 Dendrocala mus strictus Poaceae ciru-munkil NA
105 Erythrina variegata Papilionaceae Kalyana LC

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murungai
106 Eucalyptus hybrid Myrtaceae kumil NA
107 Eucalyptus lanceolatus Myrtaceae Karpuramaram NA
108 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Ala NA
109 Ficus glomerata Moraceae Atti NA
110 Jatropha Circuses Euphorbiaceae Aamanaku. NA
111 Leucaena Leucophloe Fabaceae Velvelam NA
112 Mangifera indica Anacardia Maangai DD
113 Musa paradisiaca Musaceae Kataḷivāḻai, NA
114 Peltophorum Caesalpiniaceae Aala Maram NA
Pterocarpum
115 Pithecellobium Dulce Mimosaceae Kodikkai NA
116 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Vansulam NA
117 Pongamia Pinnata Papilionaceae Pungai LC
118 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Vaelikaruvai NA
119 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Koyya NA
120 Samanea saman Momosaceae Amaivagai NA
121 Sesbania Grandiflora Leguminosae Sevvagatti NA
122 Syzygium Jambolanum Myrtaceae Perunaval NA
123 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Vasanta rani NA
124 Tamarindus Indica Caesalpiniaceae Puli NA
125 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Poomarudhu NA
126 Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Akkam NA
127 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae Vadumai NA
128 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Puvarasu NA
129 wrightia tinctoria Appocynaceae Nila Palai NA
(LC-Least Concern, DD-Data deficient,CR-Critically Endangered, VU-Vulnerable, NE-Not Evaluated, NA-
Not yet assessed, EN- Endangered, NT-Near Threatened, EW- Extinct in the Wild)

Cropping Pattern

Different crops viz., cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibre crops, green manures, vegetables, fruits
and forest trees are grown and screened. Among the annual crops, crops of rice, maize and
finger millet are grown. Cultivation of fruit crops like Mango, Sapota, Amla, Papaya, banana,
Pomegranate, Ber, Lime, Jamun, Indian goose berry and Wood apple and medicinal plants like
Senna, Periwinkle, Adathoda, Aduthinnapalai, Aloe vera, Aralli, Arathai, Coccinia etc recorded
in the region. The Plantation crops like Tamarind, Cashew and Other multipurpose tree species
viz., Vagai, Simaruba, Sissoo, Pungam, bamboo Naval /Jamun etc., are also present in the
study area. Under irrigated farming, sugarcane, rice, banana and vegetables are the major
crops that are being cultivated using the NLC mine water as a major source of irrigation. Under
the dry-land farming, crops like finger millet, ground nut, pearl millet and pulses like black gram
are the major crops that are being grown depending upon the rain falls during the monsoons.

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3.9.3 Faunal studies

Information relating to the faunal composition of the area was collected from various secondary
sources including the report of independent study record of Forest Department, personal
interviews with forest officials an online source. List on Flora observed/reported within study
area is given in Table 3-19.

 Invertebrates such as Megascolex maur itii (Earth worm), Hirodinargranulose and

Glossiphonia sp.; crustacea such as Palamomalcumsoni and Peripatus sp.;
 Myripodas such as Helix pomatica, Ner is dumerilii (Centripede), Scolopendra
marxidenx (Cherian), Spirostreptus sp (Millipede), Juluxserretrix and Araneus
diadematus (The garden spider);
 Insects such as Anax junius (Dragon Fly), Bacillus rossii (grasshopper), Periplaneta
Americana(Cockroach), Cimex sp (Bed Bug), Glossina palpalis (Fly), Musca domestic
(house fly), Phyllum crocifolium (Leaf Insect), Datara sp (Catterpiller), Psammotermes
sp.,Odontotermes redemanni, Zorotypus sp., Arilius cristatus, Myrmicanasp (ant) and
Myrmecocytus setipes (Ant);
 Butterflies such as Aledes sp., Papilio sp., Nyctalemon sp.,Chrysiridia
medagascariensis, Piperis sp., Kallima sp.;
 Arachnidas such as Scorpio swammerdami (Indian Scorpio), Apismellificia (Honey Bee),
Eristalis tenax, Bombyx, Anophelesmaculipennix (Mosquito);
 Fishes like Catla, Raghu, Mriggalz

Table 3-19 List on Fauna observed/reported within study area

Sl.N IUCN
Zoological Name Family Name Common Name(English) Status
o
Mammals
1. Bos taurus Bovidae cow NA
2. Canis aureus Canidae Common Jackal LC
3. Canis familiar Canidae dog LC
4. Capra aegagrus Bovidae Wild Goat VU
5. Felis chaus Felidae Jungle cat LC
6. Felis silvestris Felidae Wild cat LC
7. Funambulus palanarum Sciuridae Squirrel LC
8. Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae Five striped Palm, Squirrel\ LC
Mongoose
9. Herpestes edwardsii Herpestidae Mongoose LC
10. Macaca mulatta Cercopithecidae Rhesus Monkey LC

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11. Ovis ammon Bovidae Wild Sheep NT

12. Pteropus giganteus Pteropodidae Indian Flying Fox LC
13. Rattus rattus Muridae Common House Rat LC
14. Rattus norvegicus Muridae Brown Rat LC
15. Suncur carulens Muridae Big Rat LC
16. Sus scrofa Suidae Indian Wild Boar LC
17. Vulpes bengalens Canidae Bengal Fox LC
Aves
18. Alcedo meninting Alcedinidae Blue-eared Kingfisher LC
19. Ardea cinerea Ardeidae Grey Heron LC
20. Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Cattle Egret LC
21. Corvus splenden Corvidae House Crow LC
22. Ducula aenea Columbidae Green imperial pigeon LC
23. Milvus migrans Accipitridae Black Kite LC
24. Noluns migrans Accipitridae Eagle
25. Passer domesticus Passerinae House Sparrow LC
26. Pelicanus sp Pelicanidae Grey pelicans LC
27. Psittacula krame Psittacidae Green parrot LC
28. Piciformes sp Picidea Wood boaring
Reptiles
29. Calotes verticolor Agamidae Garden Lizard NA
30. Chamaeleon Chamaleo Indian Chameleon LC
zeylanicus
31. Ahaetulla prasina Colubridae Oriental Whip Snake LC
32. Podarcis muralis Geckonidae Wall lizard LC
33. Naja naja Colubridae Indian Cobra LC
34. Sitana ponticeriana Agamidae Fan Throated Lizard LC
35. Vipera russelli Viperidae Russell’s Viper LC
Amphibia
36. Duttaphrynus Bufonidae Asian Common Toad LC
melanostictus
37. Uperodon systoma Microhylidae Lesser Balloon Frog LC
38. Hypogeophis rostratus Indotyphlidae Sharp-nosed Caecilia LC
39. Euphlyctis Ranidae Frog LC
hexadactylus
40. Hoplobatrachus Ranidae Bull frog LC
tigerinus

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3.10 Socio-economic profile of the Project Influence Area/Study area

3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study is primarily based on the review of secondary data,
census data for the parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the
study area of 10-km radius around the proposed power plant. The salient features of the
demographic and socioeconomic aspects of the study area are described in the following
sections. Admin map is given in Figure 3-32. Satellite image of 5km, 10km & 15km is given in
Figure 3-31.

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Figure 3-31 5km, 10km & 15km radius satelliteview of proposed project site

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Figure 3-32 Admin map of the study area

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3.10.2 Demographic details

The 10 km radius of the project area has more number of agriculture depended villages and
Neyveli Township, Gangaikondan and Periyakuruchi urban areas.The area is more urban with
55.30% living in urban areas. The average family size of the project area is 4.06 whereas the
same of the district is 4.1 The female population contributes 49.29% of the total population of
the area, where as the district women population contributes 49.66%.Demographic details
within in the study area is given in Table 3-20
Table 3-20 Demographic details within in the study area
Total
Total Population Male Female
Household
53278 216571 109812 106759
(Source: Census 2011)

3.10.2.1 Percentage of Women and Girl population of the district

The percentage of women population in the area 49.32 as per 2011 Census, but it was 49.15 in
2001. But in the case girl child population, there is a significant drop in the percentage from
49.13 %( 2001) to 46.61 %( 2011).There is a social intervention is required for balancing sex
ratio in coming years. It is collective responsibilities of Government, Society etc. Education and
employment made to be a priority for women. Percentage of Women and Girl population of the
district is given in Table 3-21

Table 3-21 Percentage of Women and Girl population of the district

Women population Women population Child Population Child Population

Year 2001 Year 2011 Year 2001 Year 2011
49.15 49.32 49.13 46.61
Source: Census 2011

3.10.2.2 Minor Irrigation

Agriculture is the main occupation of the district.Paddy,Pulses, Ground nut and horticulture
crops are the main crops of the district.Details of area irrigated by the crops for the Fasil 1424
(Minor Irrigation Census) is given in Table 3-22
Table 3-22 Area irrigated by crops for the Fasli 1424 (Minor Irrigation Census)

S.NO Crop Area

1 Paddy 134677.180
2 Cumbu 1152.610
3 Ragi 125.570

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4 Pulses 4770.145
5 Spices 480.150
6 Sugar cane 27531.365
7 Fruits & Vegetables 11409.230
8 Groundnut 8724.875
9 Gingely 1457.210
10 Coconut 1340.950
11 Others 5245.390

Though the area is urbanised and industrialized, the majority of workers depend on agriculture
as a main occupation as 40.56% of them are involved in farming whereas the district has
60.22% of workers.
Also the area has other workers category of 57.81%, but the district has 36.14%. These skew
shows the more economic and livelihood opportunities in the project area. Also the main
workers are more (75.90%) in the project area than the district (71.56%). Workers group
distribution in the study area is given inTable 3-23.

Table 3-23 Workers group distribution in the study area

Agriculture
Main Marginal
Main Marginal
Agri.labours

Agri.labours
Total Main Marginal
Cultivators

Cultivators

Household

Household
workers Workers Workers

Others

Others
86235 65458 20777 6370 13929 2242 12436 775 44384 627 5472
(Source: 2011 Census)
The area has a good literacy rate of 82.80% (district 78.04%) due to access to the various
educational facilities available in the area.

3.10.2.3 Employment and Livelihood

The major drainages are Pennaiyar, Gadilam and Vellar. But the agriculture is depending on
Tube wells. Provide Details on sources of irrigation.
Table 3-24 Details of sources of Irrigation
Area Irrigated Ha
Sl.No Source Number
Net Gross
1 Governmen Canals 270 390022 49949
2 Tanks- Large 188 2135 2768
3 Tanks - small 404 1389 1536
4 Private Tube wells 36870 91084.755 135100.375

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5 Dug wells 10066 5415.830 6084.610

6 Other irrigation sources 1 709 1172
(Source: ‘G’ Return 2014-15

3.10.2.4 Health Facilities

The district has good health facilities with easy access. The road connectivity from rural area to
urban area, availability of ambulance service (108) and other communication facilities have
madethe district in a position of availing medical needs. The 100% institutional delivery shows
the people awareness of using public/private health facilities Table 3-25
Table 3-25 Health Facilities in Cuddalore District

Name of the Block / No.of PrimaryHealth No.of Sub-

Sl.No
Municipality Centres Centres
1 Cuddalore 6 29
2 Kurinjipadi 9 37
3 Annagarammam 4 29
4 Panruti 4 24
5 Keerapalayam 4 19
6 Parangepettai 5 24
7 Melbhuavanagiri 3 22
8 K.m.koil 5 24
9 Kumarachi 5 23
10 Virudhachalam 4 18
11 Kammapuram 5 22
12 Nallur 4 22
13 Mangalore 6 26
Total 64 319
(Source: DD Health Office)

3.10.2.5 Industrial Estates

The district has following industrial estates

SIDCO Industrial Estate: Semmandalam, Cuddalore-1
SIDCO Industrial Estate: Vadalur
Ceramic Industrial Estate: Vridhachalam
SIPCOT Industrial Estate, Phase I and II: Kudikadu, Cuddalore -5.

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Table 3-26 Summary of Socioeconomic Indicators within the Study Area

S.No Particulars Study Area

1 Study Area – Districts Cuddalore

2 Number of villages in the Study Area 41
3 Total Households 53278
4 Total Population 216571
5 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 19622
6 Urban Rural Ratio 55.30%:44.70%
7 SC Population 49726
8 ST Population 1773
9 Total Working Population 86235
10 Main Workers 65458
11 Marginal Workers 20777
12 Agricultural Workers 34977
13 Household Industries 1402
14 Other Workers 49856
15 Literates 163279

The Detailed Social Impact Assessment report enclosed as Annexure 9.

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CHAPTER – 4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

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Chapter 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 General

To meet the growing demand of electricity, NLCIL has planned for TPS – II Second Expansion
Project (2x660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Mudanai, Kunankurichi & Uthangal Villages,
Virdhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu State, Inida. It is worthwhile mentioning that
the proposed power plant would be the first lignite fired 660 MW Supercritical Unit in India.

Environmental Impact is any change in the environmental attributes, adverse or beneficial,

caused or induced by the proposed action or set of actions. The predicted adverse impacts
during each stage of project development are super imposed over the baseline status of the
existing environmental quality to infer the scenario of environmental conditions in the post-
project stage. The main purpose of identifying the impacts is that it helps in adopting appropriate
mitigation measures for the adverse consequences if any.

It also addresses the prediction and evaluation of the various significant impacts that are likely
to occur. The impacts on the environmental indices viz. air, water, soil, noise, biological and
socioeconomic conditions are scrutinized methodically and assessed during construction and
operation phase. The various on impacts that could be triggered on the environmental attributes
by the activities of the proposed project are discussed below.

4.2 Identification of Likely Impacts

Every activity and operation has either adverse or beneficial impacts on environment. The
environmental impact identification has been done based on proposed project activities. All the
activities from construction phase to operational phases of the project and its impacts have
been broadly covered, which is given in Table 4-1 & Table 4-2.

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Table 4-1 Activity-Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase of the Proposed Project

water

the
Traffic and Transport density
S.No Main Activities Sub-Activities

Land/soil Environmental

Solid waste generation

Resource use (energy)

Ambient noise level

in
Social economic

Culture/Hertiage
Surface/ground

surroundings
Water quality
resoureces

Agriculture
Landscape

Air Quality
Land use

Ecology
1 Site Preparation Site Clearing & Cleaning Ground leveling
Waste handling and its transportation Soil
        
Compaction 
2 Labour Deployment
camp siting
Construction of labour sheds to accommodate
labour, supply of water, supply of fuel/energy,
        
waste handling & its disposal sewage disposal
3 Excavation Moving of Heavy Machinery Soil Extraction and
Stacking, Soil Loading and Transportation For
      
Disposal, Various Tools Like Crow Bar
Foundations for heavy machinery installation
Construction Power through onsite Diesel
Generators
4 Material Handling &
storage
Transportation and Unloading of material from
trucks Storage & Handling of steel sheets,
      
metals, Fabricated structure, Cement,
Concrete, Bricks, Steel etc. Conveyance of
material within the project site
5 Plant
Construction
Building Transportation of material to construction site
Preparation/ Mixing of construction material
          
Supply of water Operation of construction
machinery (like cranes, Concrete Mix Plant,
Floor Developer, Forklift etc.). Handling and
disposal of construction wastes Diesel
Generator Operation

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6 Erection of sheds,
installation of
Erection of sheds – welding/ cutting onsite,
Installation of heavy machinery, pumps,
   
machinery building Mechanical installation and sand blasting,
fittings & furnishing Electrical installation Drilling and Fixing,
Painting/ White washes Disposal of Wastes
(empty paint cans, containers, electrical waste,
wooden and metal waste etc.)
7 Demobilization
Construction
of Dismantling of temporary support construction
structures/ Equipments, Removal of
    
Equipment construction machinery Transportation of
Construction/ Dismantled waste Site cleaning/
washings
8 Site Commissioning Trials functioning of Production &
Warehousing units, Conveying and packing
    
system, Plumbic fixtures, Electrical gadgets,
Fire fighting system, Effluent Treatment plant,
etc.,

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Table 4-2 Activity – Impact Identification Matrix for Operation Phase of the Proposed Project

S.No Main Activities Sub-Activities

Socio economic aspects

Surface water resources

Ground water resources

Land and soil quality

Traffic volume
Water Quality

Noise Quality
Air Quality

Ecological
1 Transportation of Lignite&
Fuels
Lignite will be transported from NLC’s mines by pipe / belt conveyor
systems & Support fuel transportation by Road Tankers
   
2 Point Source and
AssociatedEnvironmental
Emission generated from stack
  
Impacts
3 Fugitive emission Fugitive emissions are envisaged from handling and storage of Lignite
in the stock yard, fly ash handling systems and transfer operations
   
4 Noise emission Generation of noise from boiler section areas, Loading & Unloading
areas, Machineries and Vehicle Movement
 
5 Utilization
resources
of Water Ground water and storm water to be sourced from NLCIL Mine through
TPS-II to Reservoir.
  
6 Wastewater generation Generation, Treatment and Disposal of effluent
    
7 Fly ash generation from
Boiler
Fly ash generation and disposal and transportation
      
8 Occupational Health Effects on human health in the plant and nearby area due to plant
operations


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4.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

Most of the construction phase activities would exhibit reversible and short term impacts which
can be readily controlled and mitigated through robust and scientifically designed construction
work-method procedures as per the best engineering and management practices.
4.3.1 Land Use
a) Predicted Impacts on land Use

The site is almost plain land. The altitude above mean sea level is 47 to 57 M. The land required
of the project is owned NLCIL, hence there is no Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues.
The land use of the existing area is already under industrial use. The site will have minor impact
is anticipated on the existing drainage pattern in the project area and proper drainage in the
adjoining area will be developed without disturbing the existing drain. As the land is not rocky,
no blasting is envisaged. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no
significant adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.

b) Mitigation Measures

To avoid any adverse impacts on the project,

 Construction debris will be removed continuously from the site

 Construction debris will be stored at a designated area to ensure they do not find their
way to water bodies.
 The topsoil removed during construction phase shall be stored separately to be used
afterwards for green belt development and leveling of site.
 The planning shall be in accordance with the standard landscape planning concepts
adequate provision for green areas.

 On completion of works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes will be
completely removed Optimization of land requirement through proper site lay out design
will be basic criteria at the design phase.

4.3.2 Soil Quality

a) Predicted Impacts on Soil Quality

The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover and top soil of negligible extent
in the plant area. Apart from localizedconstruction impacts at the plant site, no significant
adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.

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b) Mitigation Measures

 The topsoil requires proper handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for
greenbelt development.
 Oil trap for D.G set to prevent oil from damaging the soil.
 Management of spilling of contaminants such as oil from equipment, cement, etc. on the
soil.
4.3.3 Air Quality
a) Predicted Impact on Air Quality

The movement of equipment at site, dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthworks,
foundation works, vehicle movement on unpaved roads and otherconstruction related activities,
exhaust emissions from diesel generators, vehicles and other heavy construction equipment
deployed at site will be the main sources of air pollution during the construction period. Due to
the short duration of the planned action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction
activities are expected to be short term.

b) Mitigation Measures

 Transport vehicles and construction equipment / machineries will be properly maintained

to reduce air emissions
 Equipment will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated norms
 Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure quick dispersion of
gaseous emissions
 Sprinkling of water on roads and construction site, growing sufficient vegetation are
some of the measures that would greatly reduce the impacts during the construction
phase.
 Implementing proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, and using Pollution under
Control (PUC) certified vehicles for transport macheniery.

4.3.4 Noise Levels

a) Predicted Impacts on Noise Quality

The activities such as foundation & infrastructure construction, plant erection will produce
periodic noise during construction phase. However, possible noise control measures will be
adopted and hence the impact of generated noise on the equipment is likely to be temporary
and insignificant.

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b) Mitigation Measures

 D.G set to be used during construction phase shall be provided with acoustic enclosures
 Where applicable, hearing protection shall be provided to the workers and their use by
workers shall be enforced by contractors as well as site management.
 In the event construction noise levels at the facility boundary exceed the industrial limit
of 70 dB(A), temporary noise barriers would be installed to minimize the overall noise
related impacts on the neighbouring areas due to construction activities.

4.3.5 Water Quality

a) Impact on Water Quality and Quantity

The wash water from construction equipment maintenance centre will contribute to oil and
grease concentration so oil and grease trap at standby DG set site will be provided. As far as
possible, the unskilled work-force will be sourced from the local areas. Since most of the
construction work force will consist of floating population, the demand for water and sanitation
facilities will be low and it will be managed by NLCIL.The wastewater from temporary labor
colony will contribute to BOD concentrations. Wastewater fro m the temporary labor colony and
equipment washing if not treated properly might damage the water quality in the nearby water
bodies. NLCIL will undertake proper mitigation measures to ensure nearby surface water bodies
are not polluted. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase is likely to
be short term and insignificant.

The ground water will not be used during construction phase. The entire water requirement for
construction will be met from NLC Mine and TPS-II Reservoir and hence impacts are not
envisaged on the quantity of groundwater. The wastewater from the construction site may find
its way to groundwater and pollute the same.

b) Mitigation Measures

 Oil and grease trap at standby DG set site will be provided

 As far as possible, the unskilled work-force will be sourced from the local areas.
Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)/septic tanks to treat sewage attemporary
construction workers’ shall be provided
 Temporary sanitation facilities (soak pits/septic tanks/ Bio Toilets) will be set up to
prevent contamination.

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 Since most of the construction work force will consist of floating population, the demand
for water and sanitation facilities will be low and it will bemanaged by NLCIL.

4.3.6 Solid and Hazardous Waste

a) Predicted Impacts of Solid and Hazardous Waste

The hazardous materials used during the construction may include diesel and paints.
Construction sites handle small quantities of lube oils and diesel for running the construction
equipments. In case of spill of these materials, the soil quality can get deteriorated and also in
case of hazardous waste finding its way to the water ways may pollute the surface and
groundwater of the nearby areas.

b) Mitigation Measures

 In order to avoid soil contamination due to accidental spills, it has been recommended to
provide spill absorbing material at the construction site and the contaminated soil should
be excavated and these materials shall be stored and disposed of to hazardous waste
disposal sites according to the guidelinesspecified.
 Hazardous waste such as used oil generated during construction activities shall be
stored at designated paved area in leak proof containers at site and shall be sent for
disposal to an authorized recycler.
 Other solid waste generated during construction phase such as packaging waste i.e.
paper, plastic and etc., shall be collected in dedicated area and shallbe disposed off to
an approved scrap dealer.
 Special care will be taken during deliveries of construction materials, especially when
fuels and hazardous materials are being handled.
 Care will be taken to avoid direct contact and spillage of painting waste containing heavy
metals during painting job. It is recommended to cover ground with protecting sheets to
avoid damage to soil and groundwater.
4.3.7 Ecology and Biodiversity

a) Predicted Impacts on Ecology and Bio Diversity

There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary,

Elephant/Tiger reserves existing in the study area. The study area comprises of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystem. Predicted impacts are given below:
 Changes in activity pattern of terrestrial fauna due to Noise

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 Loss of vegetation due to access cutting and site preparation

 Accidental discharge of wastewater may create impact on aquatic ecology if not handled
properly.
The predicted impacts on the surrounding ecology during construction phase are not very
significant.
b) Mitigation Measures

 Acoustic enclosures will be provided to the D.G sets being used during construction
phase to reduce the noise.
 Green belt development using native species will provide habitat and food to the birds
and small animals.
 NLCIL will avoid noise producing construction activities at night and also unnecessary
lighting at night to avoid any effect on avifauna.

4.3.8 Socio-Economic Impacts

There is no rehabilitation and resettlement issue for the proposed project as the land is already
acquired and in possession by NLCIL. During construction phase both direct and indirect
employment will be generated. About 850 people will work at the construction period. This will
be beneficial to the local economy. Hence no adverse impacts are envisaged during
construction phase.
4.4 Impacts during operational phase

The proposed expansion plant operation will involve (2 x 660 MW) of power generation.The
following activities related to the operational phase will have varying impacts on the environment
and are considered for impact assessment.

 Topography and climate

 Air quality
 Water resources and quality
 Soil quality
 Noise levels
 Solid waste;
 Ecology
 Demography and socio-economics; and
 Impact on Health

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The possible impacts during Supercritical thermal power plant operation on the environmental
attributes such as land use, soil quality, topography & climate, Ambient air quality, water
environment, noise levels, demographic &socio economics and health were identified and
presented briefly in report.
 In order to minimize the impact on climate change and harmonize the project with the
local eco-system, an extensive green belt development program with native tree species
will be adopted.
 The water requirement for the proposed project will be met water pumped out from NLCIL
Mine through TPS-II Reservoir and the wastewater generated from the plant will be
treated in an ETP to achieve Zero Discharge as far as possible to comply with the norms
of CPCB and the same will be recycled/reuse in the plant and Domestic wasterwater will
be treated in STP and used for green belt development within the plant premises.
 Acoustic enclosures will be provided to the turbines, generators and other possible high
noise producing equipments to reduce the transmission of noise to the outside
environment.
 The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial as the project
increases the employment opportunities, increase the literacy rate, improvement in
socio-cultural environment of the study area.
4.4.1 Land Use

The present land use of the area falls under Industrial use. After proposed expansion there will
not be any change in land use and any adverse impact on the surrounding land use is also not
expected.

4.4.2 Topography and Climate

The area of the plant site is slightly undulated to plain and it will be leveled for construction
purpose.
Heat loss through stack will be 6 to 7% of the total heat input to the furnace. The quantum of
heat so lost to the atmosphere is not significant. The moderate wind speed and rainfall in the
region will mitigate the adverse impacts. The vegetation in the region will help to manage
thermal balance.

The major topographical changes envisaged would be the manmade structures like erection of
power plant sheds, raw material storage space, civil structures, water reservoirs, etc. However,

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it will also invite some positive benefits in the form of up gradation of existing roads, land
leveling, tree plantations, greenbelt development, etc., in the plant vicinity.

Being a thermal power project the impact on the climate due to the exhaust gas could be
envisaged. Impact on the climatic conditions from the proposed power plant will be marginal
which can be nullified / reduced by implementing greenbelt.

4.4.3 Air Environment

Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for the Parameters PM10, PM2.5,
SO2 & NO2, are well within the permissible Limits as prescribed by the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial Area, Residential, Rural & Other areas.

The major air pollution sources from the industry are boilers. The boiler sources are provided
with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the emanating flue gases containing
suspended particulate matters, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen without affecting the ground level
concentrations. The impact on air quality by this project is assessed using AERMOD.

4.4.3.1 Meteorological Data

The site specific meteorological data for three months from March to May 2017 was obtained
from secondary sources. Other data included for AERMET were daily wind speed, wind
direction, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation, and solar radiation recorded
during the period. AERMET reformats meteorological data so that it can be used as input for
AERMOD model.

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Figure 4-1 Wind-rose considered for Modelling (March-May-2017)

4.4.3.2 AERMET Process

For the 3 phase AERMET processing of the meteorological data, specifications of the land use
in the area are required to determine the terrain roughness for modelling. The land use was
characterized for in and around the site. The surface characteristics for the site and
surroundings were selected and used to calculate the Albedo, Bowen ratio and surface
roughness parameter.

The meteorological data were processed in the AERMET software to generate wind flow pattern
& to generate surface meteorological data and profile meteorological data in a prescribed format
that can be fed to AERMOD for modelling.

4.4.3.3 AERMOD Process

AERMOD Software Version 8.0.5 was used for air dispersion modelling and is applicable to a
wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50 km. In addition to

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more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion
scenarios.

AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the
concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the convective
boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian, but the
vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). This
behavior of the concentration distributions in the CBL was demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff
(1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats “plume lofting,” whereby a
portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near the top of the
boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass
that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer
when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the
enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander. The emissions from proposed
stacks are estimated and used for the air dispersion modeling as shown inTable 4.4.

Inorder to estimate the GLC from thermal power plant stack two scenarios were considered.

Scenario 1: Assuming stack height of 275 m Environmental Standards CPCB and MoEF&CC,
July 2000 (Pollution Control Law Series: PCLS/4/2000-2001).
Scenario 2: Assuming stack height of 150 m (As per MoEF & CC draft notification S.O.
3337(E), dated 16th Oct, 2017).
Maximum incremental value for SO2, NOx and PM are shown in Figure 4-2 - Figure 4-7 and
Ground Level Concentration (GLC) for proposed stacks is given in Table 4.5 - 4.12 respectively.
Table 4-3 Plant Technical Parameters

S. Description Symbol Unit Ref./Formula Value

No.
1 Fuel to be used -- -- -- Lignite
2 Unit Capacity Cp1 MW -- 660
3 No. of Units Np no. Unit-1/2 2
4 Total Installed MW IMW MW IMW = Cp1 x Np 1320
5 Hourly fuel consumption for q0 Tph 1425
2x 660 MW
6 Lignite Consumption per day q1 Tpd q1 = q0 x 24 34211
for 2x660MW
7 Operating hour per day per t0 hr. -- 12
fuel stream
8 No. of fuel Stream provided N no. However, both 2 [1W+1S]
streams shall operate

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simultaneously
whenever required.
9 Capacity of single fuel stream Q Tph Q=( q1 x 1.05) /12 2993
with 5% margin
10 Capacity of ILHS (per stream) Q1 Tph Q = Q1 = Q2 3000
11 Capacity of ELHS (per Q2 Tph - 3000
stream)
12 kCal/kW -
Station heat rate - 2380
hr
13 GCV of Lignite - kCal/kg - 2720
14 Specific coal consumption - - 0.875
15 Specific Oil consumption - ml/kWhr - 2
16 Fuel consumption at full load TPH 577.5
- -
per hour for each unit
17 Ash content - % - 10
18 Ash generated - TPH - 57.75
19 Bottom ash generated 20% of TPH 12
57.75 TPH - -
20 Coarse ash generated 10% of TPH 6
- -
57.75 TPH
21 Fly ash generated 90% of TPH 52
- -
57.75 TPH

Table 4-4 Proposed Stack Emission details

Emission per stack

Stack Details
(g/s)
Fuel
Source Top Exit Flow Rate
used No of Height Temp
Dia Velocity (M3/Hr)/Stack PM SO2 NOx
Stack (m) (°C)
(m) (m/s)
Thermal
Lignite
Power
1425
plant Boiler 2 275 7 145 23 36 x 105 60 200 200
MTPH
Stack (2
nos)
3 No x
9.33E-
1750KVA DG 3 40 0.6 180 9 4800 0.012 0.183
5
DG
Total (g/s) 60 200 200

Total (Kg/Hr) 216 720 720

Note: 1. Lignite Ash content is 10 % andSulphur content is 0.5 %,
2. As per Draft Notification No. S.O. 3337(E) dated 16.10.2017 on revised stack height for TPS
has been issued by MoEF&CC, based on the revised stack height of 150 m was also considered
and AERMOD model was execuited.

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Scenario 1: Stack Height of 275 m

Figure 4-2 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of Particulate matter within 10 km Radius of the Study
Area

Table 4-5 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Particulate Matter Estimated Through

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 1.32828 1.45 NE
2 329389.5 1278372 1.22363 2.3 ENE
3 325386.5 1276353 1.17932 2.3 WSW
4 326387.2 1278372 0.98984 1.4 NW
5 329389.5 1279381 0.95903 2.8 NE
6 325386.5 1278372 0.93671 2.3 WNW
7 324385.7 1276353 0.9298 3 WSW
8 324385.7 1275344 0.89816 3.6 WSW
9 326387.2 1279381 0.897 2.3 NNW
10 326387.2 1276353 0.89323 1.45 SW

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Figure 4-3 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Table 4-6 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide Estimated Through

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 4.42243 1.45 NE
2 329389.5 1278372 4.0764 2.3 ENE
3 325386.5 1276353 3.91334 2.3 WSW
4 326387.2 1278372 3.28469 1.4 NW
5 329389.5 1279381 3.19497 2.8 NE
6 325386.5 1278372 3.11985 2.3 WNW
7 324385.7 1276353 3.08251 3 WSW
8 324385.7 1275344 2.98765 3.6 WSW
9 326387.2 1279381 2.98208 2.3 NNW
10 326387.2 1276353 2.97445 1.45 SW

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Figure 4-4 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Table 4-7 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen EstimatedThrough

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 4.4461 1.45 NE
2 329389.5 1278372 4.08722 2.3 ENE
3 325386.5 1276353 3.99454 2.3 WSW
4 326387.2 1278372 3.35249 1.4 NW
5 329389.5 1279381 3.20317 2.8 NE
6 324385.7 1276353 3.15956 2.3 WNW
7 325386.5 1278372 3.13139 3 WSW
8 326387.2 1279381 3.01841 3.6 WSW
9 324385.7 1275344 3.0161 2.3 NNW
10 326387.2 1276353 2.98807 1.45 SW

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Scenario 2: Stack Height of 150 m

Figure 4-5 Predicted 24-Hrs GLC’s of Particulate matter within 10 km Radius of the Study

Table 4-8Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Particulate Matter Estimated Through

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 2.13617 1.4 NE
2 326387.2 1278372 1.77915 1.45 NW
3 327388 1278372 1.68986 1 N
4 328388.7 1277363 1.63339 1 E
5 329389.5 1278372 1.50085 2.3 ENE
6 325386.5 1276353 1.45116 2.2 WSW
7 326387.2 1276353 1.41613 1.5 SW
8 326387.2 1277363 1.35055 1 W
9 329389.5 1277363 1.26584 2 E
10 325386.5 1278372 1.19049 2.2 WNW

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Figure 4-6 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Table 4-9 Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide Estimated Through

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 7.1154 1.4 NE
2 326387.2 1278372 5.91571 1.45 NW
3 327388 1278372 5.62729 1 N
4 328388.7 1277363 5.43623 1 E
5 329389.5 1278372 5.00047 2.3 ENE
6 325386.5 1276353 4.81949 2.2 WSW
7 326387.2 1276353 4.71747 1.5 SW
8 326387.2 1277363 4.48778 1 W
9 329389.5 1277363 4.21579 2 E
10 325386.5 1278372 3.96577 2.2 WNW

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Figure 4-7 Predicted 24-Hrs’ GLC’s of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Table 4-10Top 10 Highest Concentrations of Oxides Of Nitrogen Estimated Through

Modeling

UTM coordinates (m) Distance from

Conc. Direction from
S.NO Centre of
E N (µg/m3) Source Centre
Sources (Km)
1 328388.7 1278372 7.13907 1.4 NE
2 326387.2 1278372 5.9835 1.45 NW
3 327388 1278372 5.65281 1 N
4 328388.7 1277363 5.4747 1 E
5 329389.5 1278372 5.01129 2.3 ENE
6 325386.5 1276353 4.90069 2.2 WSW
7 326387.2 1276353 4.7311 1.5 SW
8 326387.2 1277363 4.61132 1 W
9 329389.5 1277363 4.23263 2 E
10 325386.5 1278372 3.97732 2.2 WNW

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4.4.3.4 Conclusion:

The Maximum GLC predicted for 275 m & 150 m stack height are given in Table 4-11 & Table
4-12. It was observed that the maximum ground level concentrations observed due to proposed
expansion for PM, SO2 and NOx by considering 150 m Stack height are 2.13 µg/m3, 7.11
µg/m3 and 7.13 µg/m3. So it can be concluded that even after the expansion of the plant the
impact envisaged is minimum. The total increase in concentrations above baseline status is
estimated and the percentage increase and summarised inTable 4-11 & Table 4-12.

Table 4-11 Total Maximum GLCs from the proposed Stack Emissions for 275m Stack
Pollutant Max Base Estimated Total NAAQ Distance Direction %
line Conc. Incremental Conc. standard from from increase
(µg/m3) Conc. at (µg/m3) Source Source
source (km)
(µg/m3)
PM 95.3 1.328 96.628 100 1.45 NE 1.4
SO2 17.8 4.42 22.22 80 1.45 NE 24.8
NOx 29.1 4.44 33.54 80 1.45 NE 15.3

Table 4-12 Total Maximum GLCs from the proposed Stack Emissions for 150m Stack
Pollutant Max Base Estimated Total NAAQ Distance Direction %
line Conc. Incremental Conc. standard from e
(µg/m3) Conc. at source (µg/m3) Source increase
(µg/m3) (km)

PM 95.3 2.13 97.43 100 1.4 NE 2.2

SO2 17.8 7.11 24.91 80 1.4 NE 39.9
NOx 29.1 7.13 36.23 80 1.4 NE 24.5

Due to stringnent emission norms prescribed by MOEF&CC during Dec’2016, the emission of
SO2 and other pollutants will be drastically reduced due to installation of ESPs, FGD & Low
NOX burners, and stack height of 275 mt may not be technically required. In this regard,
MOEF&CC has come out with a draft regulation to calculate the stack height with the reduced
emission. As per the revised MoEF & CC draft notification S.O. 3337(E), dated 16th Oct, 2017
the stack height works out to 150 mt. Aermod was run for the revised stack height and
maximum GLC predicted is 7.11 & 7.13 ug/m3 for SO2 and NOX.
The resultant pollution levels due to proposed project will be well within the limits of NAAQS,
hence significant impacts are not anticipated.

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The proposed power plant is categorized with high steam pressure which is a well proven
technology in Europe and Japan. In addition to this Selective catalyst reactor, Flue Gas
Desulphurization, and Electro-static Precipitator are also equipped as pollution control devices.
We are proposing to setup stack height 275 m as per Environmental Standards CPCB and
MoEF&CC, July 2000 (Pollution Control Law Series: PCLS/4/2000-2001).

However as per Draft Notification No. S.O. 3337(E) dated 16.10.2017, the height of stack
required shall be about 150 m. TPS will go for 150 m provided the appropriate technology
namely Selective catalyst reactor, Flue Gas Desulphurization and Electro-static Precipitator will
be implemented on issual of official order by MoEF&CC.

4.4.3.5 Mitigation Measures for Reduction of Emissions at Source

4.4.3.5.1 Air Pollution ControlSystem

Latest Pollution control equipment will be adapted to the once-through steam generator, for
compliance to latest MOEF&CC guidelines:

 Selective Catalytic Reactor (SCR)

 Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD)
 Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) will be installed to control the emission of ash particles. The
precipitators will be designed to limit the particulate emission to less than 30 mg/Nm3. As per
the MOEF&CC amended notification (5.0.3305 (E) dated 7th December, 2015), all new plants to
be installed after 10th Jan. 2015 shall have to meet the updated Standard Environmental
(Protection) Act, 1986 with the following emission limits:

PM - 30 mg/Nm3
SO2 - 100 mg/Nm3
NOx - 100 mg/Nm3
Hg - 0.03 mg/Nm3

One (1) no. twin flue stack of 150m height will be provided based on existing CPCB /MOEF&CC
norms for wider dispersion.

For the control of fugitive dust emission within and around the fuel handling plant, fuel dust
extraction and suppression systems will be provided.

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Particulate Matter Emissions: As per the latest MoEF & CC Notification dated 7thDecember
2015, all the new thermal power plants to be commissioned from 1st January 2017 shall achieve
the stringent emission levels of 30 mg/Nm3 of particulate matter as against the current levels of
50 mg/Nm3. In order to meet such stringent standards, high efficiency Electro Static
Precipitators (ESP) shall be installed. The possible peak emission load on the ESPs. Each flue
gas line of the boiler will be passed through two parallel ESPs with a total four ESPs in the
proposed 2x660MW power plant. In general about 20 to 25% of the fly ash generated from the
boiler will be collected at the economizer and super-heater stages of the boiler, and the
remaining 75 to 80% of the fly ash will reach ESPs. However, for the purpose of the design of
the ESPs, NLCIL has considered a peak fly ash load of 85% of total fly ash on the ESP.

The electrostatic precipitator design depends on the ash characteristics in terms of quality and
quantity and the gas volume to be treated. It also requires proper sizing and optimizing the
precipitator efficiency for performance. The precipitator performance depends on several factors
such as specific gas volume and the dust load, gas flow rate, particle size and size distribution,
particle resistivity, gas temperature, collecting plate and discharge electrode geometry,
electrode spacing, current and voltage, and rapping system and frequency.

4.4.3.5.2 Installation of Flue Gas Desulphurizing system (FGD) for Sulfur DioxideEmissions

FGD system will be installed in flue gas duct to the chimney as per the latest environmental
stipulation. The design and layout of steam generator and its auxiliaries will be taken into
account wet flue gas desulphurization system can be installed, taking suction from duct after ID
fan and feeding the desulphurised flue gases back to the chimney with provision for bypassing
the FGD system during start up.

 The FGD system shall be provided to treat the flue gases so produced in the furnace in
order to keep the SOX value within the prescribed norms. The FGD system shall be
having limestone scrubber of a proven design & shall be capable of meeting plant
emission requirement to prevent a visible stack plume and MOEF requirement.

 The limestone system shall be furnished complete, with necessary pumps, piping and
valves, control and instrumentation and moisture separators for the flue gas.

 FGD system shall be designed to remove SO2 for all load conditions from minimum
continuous through BMCR to meet the limits.

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 FGD system shall be designed and constructed to operate as specified at maximum

continuous rated load 24 hours per day, 7days per week, 365 days per year, except
during unit outages. Particulate matter in the flue gas leaving the boiler shall be
removed by ESP.

 FGD system shall include an emergency water quench system to protect absorber
module, linings, and internals from damage in the event of loss of water to scrubber
module at normal flue gas temperature for a period of 30 minutes.

 The control system shall be PLC-based with dual redundant data links utilizing
MODBOUS protocol for interface with plant DCS.

4.4.3.5.3 Continuous Environmental Monitoring System (CEMS)

Separate Continuous Environmental Monitoring System shall be envisaged for each Unit as per
Emission latest Regulation of CPCB/State PCB. CEMS shall comprise of Flue Gas Oxygen
analyzer for control and monitoring, Carbon Mono Oxide, SOx / NOx, Dust & Opacity analyzer,
Mercury analyser for Boiler Emission monitoring system. The CEMS shall be interfaced with
state PCB suitably. All stack emission monitoring instruments shall be of Extraction type. A
programmable controller shall be provided for signal output, alarms, calibration cycle timers and
measurement indication for each analyzer. Each analyser shall be independent and shall not
share power supply processor etc. All the data shall also be available on DDCMIS for analysis
and monitoring from CEMS.

Following are the Flue Gas measurements and their locations:

 Zirconia Probe type Boiler Flue Gas Oxygen analyzer and before and after APH for
control and monitoring (i.e. HT O2 Analyser and LT O2 Analyser).

 Stack emission monitoring system comprising of CO, SOx / NOx, Dust, Opacity analyzer,
Mercury Analyser.

4.4.4 Noise Levels and Impacts

4.4.4.1 Impact Assessment

The major noise emitting sources from the proposed Lignite based Supercritical Thermal Power
Plant, Stationary sources are operation of heavy duty machinery at the project site like Boiler
ID & FD Fans, Boilers feed pump, Steam Turbine & DG etc.

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 Mobile sources corresponding to mainly vehicular traffic for staff mobilization, materials,
material transportation, liquid fuel transportation to project site, etc.
 Vibrations are expected to be generated by various activities associated with the proposed
project during operational phase. The impact of vibrations beyond the site would be
negligible during normal operation phase. However, the impacts on workers engaged in the
plant area would be considerable due to occupational exposure. The proposed fixed major
equipment/units such as boiler house, compressors, pumps, DG sets etc., also generate
vibrations during operational phase and may cause exposures to the workers/operators
engaged at these units. The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of
80-90 dB(A).

4.4.4.2 Mitigation Measures for Noise

To achieve the noise limitations around the equipment, the main measures taken shall be as
follows:
 Each feed water pump sets shall be covered by a separate enclosure,
 Each Liginite crusher shall be covered by a separate hood, small units like condensate
and vacuum pumps, shall be designed so as to limit noise emission,
 Bypass valve, the de-superheater and the relevant piping shall be covered with acoustic
insulation.
 During maintenance/inspection works, the personnel will wear ear protections.

Far Field Noise

To achieve the far field noise limitations, the following main measures shall be taken, as
apropriate for that purpose:
 Low noise fans may be considered to ensure that the overall noise levels shouldnot
exceed a level of 85 dB(A) at 1m from the Cooling tower area
 Steam turbines will be housed in a dedicated room with walls with NoiseReduction Rate
of 45 dB(A) so that the noise levels outside the room can bemaintained below 75 dB(A).
 The steam generator draught fans, the electrostatic precipitators and the airheaters will
be designed to limit noise emission,
 Steam vent pipes will be fitted with silencers,
 Noise levels will be periodically monitored and necessary steps for reduction of noise
levels will be taken up.

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 Lining of chutes in Lignite handling plant for noise absorption.

 Use of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers, working in
high noise activity centre.

Industrial facilities will adopt sound noise abatement and control program to meet the following
criteria. Sound pressure levels at the property boundary should be less than 55 dB (A) during
daytime hours and 45 dB(A) during night time hours. Noise levels near the work-zone areas
should comply with a maximum permissible level of 85 dB(A). ISO 9613-1:1996 Acoustics-
attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 1 & ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics-
attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 2.

Table 4-13 Envisaged Equipment Noise Levels (Sound Pressure Levels)

S.No Equipment Noise Levels in dB(A)

1 Steam turbine - outside the room 80

2 Boiler feed pumps 85
3 Boiler FD fans 85
4 Lignite pulverizer etc 85
5 Boiler ID fans 85
6 Natural draft Cooling towers 75

Ambientnoiseinside andoutsidetheplantareanoiselevelsforvariouslandusecategoriesasper
National Standards forAmbientNoise.Thiswillbeensuredthrough proper designing of the
equipment with adequate acoustics permitting the ambientnoise levels without exceeding the
specified criteria from the source.

Noise levels outside thefacility boundary will be further attenuated due to the proposed green
belt all along the plant boundary.

4.4.5 Water Environment

4.4.5.1 Impact

Availability of water and proximity to source are the most important criteria for selection of sites
for Power Project is which are met in this site.

Source of Water is water pumped out from NLCIL Mine through TPS-II Reservoir.

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Availability of Water
Ground water & storm water to be pumped from NLCIL Mines for the project. Raw Water
Reservoir is 35.00 Acres

S.No Description KLD m3/hr * As per MoEF&CC

Requirements
1 Total water requirement 101160 4215 -
2 Fresh water requirement 79176 3299 2.49 m3/MWh
3 Recycled water 21984 916 -

Note: 1. * As per MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 3305(E) dated: 7/12/2015 (water consumption
upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and achieve zero waste water discharged).

2. The water requirement for FGD system indicated in the water balance diagram is
indicative and subject to revision once the MoEF&CC Draft notification S.O. 3337(E).
Item no 2.III, dated 16.10.2017 comes into force; we may consider 3m3/MWh and rework
the water balance accordingly.

Total Water Requirement = 4215 m3/hr

Total Effluent generated = 1379 m3/hr

Total Sewage generated = 2.5 m3/hr

Total Recycled Water = 1379 m3/hr (816 m3/hr for cooling tower make up, 100 m3/hr for service
water makeup & 463 m3/hr for ash handling systems)

Total Fresh Water Requirement = 3299 m3/hr

No ground water source will be tapped in the project site for meeting the water requirements
during operation of proposed plant. Detailed water drawl study has been undertaken inorder to
confirm the availability of requisite quantity of make-up water for the proposed expansion. Raw
water requirement is worked out to be 3299 m3/hras per the attached composite. Sufficient fresh
water is available as per the detailed below:

GWC pumping - 1363 m3/hr

Seepage well pumping – 545 m3/hr
Storm water pumping – 2181 m3/hr
Total - 4089 m3/hr

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The entire consumptive water requirement for the proposed project shall be pumped from the
NLCIL operating mines including the mine-III and stored in plant Lake (Thermal Lake). The
capacity of this lake shall be equivalent to the 7 days of consumptive requirement.

The major components of the Plant Water System for both the units are as follows:

1. Raw Water Reservoir

2. Raw Water Pumps with drives and accessories on Raw Water Reservoir.
3. Pretreatment Plant
4. Clarified Water Reservoir including storage for fire water.
5. CT Makeup, Service water, FGD Make-up, AHP seal water, Jockey & fire hydrant and
DM Plant Supply Pumps with drives and accessories on Clarified Water Reservoir.
6. Demineralizing Plant
7. Hot Well Makeup Pumps with drives and accessories.
8. Raw Water & CW Chlorination System
For the purpose of plant cooling water, services and potable water requirement of about 3399
m3/hr will be drawn from NLC Mines. Plant water system will have facilities to store water for 7
days consumptive use. Demineralized water system has been envisaged. Water systems shall
be based on the concept of zero liquid discharge to the outside of the plant

4.4.5.2 Mitigation Measures

Water Pre-Treatment Plant

Raw water drawn from the in plant reservoir through 3x50% (2w + 1s) 1900m3/hr. pumps, will be
clarified in PLC operated 2000m3/hr capacity clariflocculator and 150 m3/hr capacity DM Clarifier.
Ferric chloride/ lime/ polyelectrolyte and chlorine will be dosed in the pre-treatment plant to
accelerate coagulation process. The clarified water (not exceeding 10 NTU turbidity) will flow by
gravity. The clarified water from the Main Clarifier will be stored in 13000 cum sized clarified
water tank and 4200 cum in other compartment for firewater storage requirement. DM clarifier
water will be stored in 500 cum sized DM Clarified water storage tank. Sludge from the
clariflocculators will be taken to sludge sump.

Clarified Water Reservoir

Clarified water will be distributed to various areas of the plant through dedicated pump sets as
follows: -

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i) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity pump sets for supply of clarified water to CW sump.
ii) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity service water pumps with adequate head will supply
clarified water to the service water distribution network all over the plant building
through an adequately sized overhead tank suitably located at a Deaerator floor.
iii) Two (2) – (1W+1S) 100% capacity FGD Make-up pump sets for supply of water to FGD
unit.
iv) Two (2) – (1W+1S) 100% capacity AHP seal water pump sets.
v) Set of fire hydrant pumps/spray and Jockey pumps of adequate head and capacity will
be provided for firefighting system.
vi) Three (3) - (2W+1S) 50% capacity DM Feed water pump sets for supply water to DM
plant.

Water Demineralisation Plant& RO System

D M Plant consisting of PLC based UF-RO-MB streams each MB of net capacity 80 cum/hr.
with details is as follows:

i) Three (3) nos. Dual Media Filter along with 2 nos. blowers and 2 nos. backwash pumps
with all accessories.
ii) One (1) no. Filter water storage tank along with 2 nos. Potable water pumps complete
with all accessories.
iii) Two (2) nos. Ultra filtration modules of 60% capacity each along with Basket filter, CIP
system, back wash pump drive, and all accessories.
iv) One (1) no. Ultra Filter water storage tank complete with all accessories.
v) Two (2) nos. Reverse Osmosis – I modules of 60% capacity each along with RO Feed
pumps, Chemicals Dosing system, Micron Cartridge filters, High Pressure pumps,
Chemical Cleaning system etc. with all accessories.
vi) One (1) no. RO – I Permeate water storage tank complete with all accessories.
vii) Two (2) nos. Reverse Osmosis – II modules of 60% capacity each along with RO Feed
pumps, Chemicals Dosing system, Micron Cartridge filters, High Pressure pumps,
Chemical Cleaning system etc. with all accessories.
viii) One (1) no. RO – II Permeate water storage tank complete with all accessories.
ix) Two (2) nos. (1W+1S) Mixed Bed Feed pumps with drives and all accessories.
x) Two (2) nos. (1W+1S) Mixed Bed exchanger along with MB Blower & regeneration
pumps with drives and all accessories.

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xi) Complete acid/ alkali handling, storage and regeneration system including unloading
pumps with drive motors.
xii) One (1) no. Neutralizing Pit complete with Two (2) nos. of Effluent Disposal pumps with
electrical drive motors and other accessories.
xiii) Two (2) no. Demineralized water storage tank complete with all accessories.
xiv)Two (2) nos. of DM Transfer pumps complete with electrical drive motors and other
accessories.
xv) Two (2) no. Condensate storage tank complete with all accessories.
xvi)Three (3) nos. of Hot well makeup pumps complete with electrical drive motors and
other accessories.

Chlorination Plant

Chlorination Plant for CW & Raw Water System

Suitable dose of Chlorine Gas in the CW system will be given to curb organic growth and to
prevent microbiological slime. Chlorine Gas will be dosed at a normal dosing rate of 1.0 ppm
continuous and shock dosing rate of 3.0 ppm for a period of 30 minutes per shift.

There will be three (3) (2W+1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 180 kg/hr.

In the Raw water, Chlorine Gas will be dosed in Pretreatment Plant.

There will be two (2) (1W + 1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 20 kg/hr.

In the Potable water, Chlorine Gas will be dosed in DM Plant.

There will be two (2) (1W + 1S) streams of chlorination each of capacity 0.250 kg/hr.

Circulating Water System

Closed cycle condenser cooling is envisaged for cooling water system with Natural Draft
Cooling Tower (NDCT). The CW sump will be provided with CW pumps of Vertical turbine type
(3x33%) / concrete volute pumps (2x50%) per unit with a common stand by (type and sizing to
be finalized during tender specification stages based on techno-economic study) for two units
for pumping Cooling Water to the Condenser and thereafter shall be discharged into NDCT
having ΔT as same as in condenser, maintaining cycle of concentration minimum 3.0. To
maintain 3 C.O.C. in C.W. system chemical treatment will be carried out.

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Auxiliary Cooling Water System

The ACW system meets the cooling water requirements of all the auxiliary equipment of the TG
and SG units such as turbine lube oil coolers, generator air cooler, Vacuum pump, ash cooler,
exciter air coolers, Seal Pot, ID/SA/PA fan bearing oil coolers, BFP auxiliaries such as lube oil
coolers, working oil coolers, drive motors, etc., condensate pump bearings, sample coolers, air
compressors and ash handling system compressors, etc.

The ACW pumps shall be located in CW pump house and the no. of working and stand by
pumps shall be 2W+1S and the type of pump shall be vertical turbine pump.

Natural Draft Cooling Tower

It is proposed to install one (1) nos Natural draft cooling tower for condenser cooling water and
auxiliary cooling water for each unit.

Condensate Water Treatment System

The boiler feed water and condensate dozing system consists of the following: -

- Ammonia and Oxygen – (CWT) Combined Water Treatment

- Ammonia and Hydrazine – (AVT) All Volatile Treatment
In order to maintain pH and prevent/reduce the corrosion of equipment AVT should be used
during start-up or abnormal conditions or difficult to achieve cation conductivity of feed water <
0.15 Ms/cms. CWT should be used under normal operation when cation conductivity of feed
water is maintained < 0.15 µS/cms and polishing treatment is running normally, then appropriate
to add oxygen.

Each feed system for Ammonia & Hydrazine shall consists of one tank and two (2) metering
pumps for each unit.

Each unit oxygen dozing device shall consist of a set for dosing oxygen at deaerator outlet and
CPU outlet. Each unit equipped with 8 oxygen bottles and set of automatic oxygen dosing
device.

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Specification for Water & Steam:

Description Specification
DM Water Quality

Conductivity ≤ 0.08 µS/cm

Silica < 10 ppb
pH 6.8 – 7.3
Sodium < 5 ppb
Total Organic Carbon < 200 ppb
Main Condensate

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)
Feed Water

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
Iron < 20 ppb
Sodium < 10 ppb
Oxygen 30 – 150 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)
Main Steam

Conductivity (after cation column) < 0.2 µS/cm

Silica < 20 ppb
Iron < 20 ppb
Sodium < 10 ppb
pH 8.0 – 9.0 (< 9.5)

Wastewater Treatment Systems

Effluent Disposal System

The wastewater treatment system shall be designed to collect wastewater from all sources in
the power plant and provide treatment to enable it to be reused in the power plant to achieve
Zero Discharge as far as possible. The quality of effluent shall conform to norms stipulated by
Central / Local Pollution Board.

The sources of plant effluent are mainly:

a. CT Blow Down
b. Plant drains
c. Oily waste
d. DM Plant waste

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CTBD waste will be treated in Pre-filter, ultra-filtration & reverse osmosis in order to make it
suitable for CW make-up.

All the above effluent except CT Blow Down shall be pumped to the Central Monitoring Basin.

The Central Monitoring Basin shall have two (2) compartments, each compartment having
adequate storage to collect a day’s effluents. Facilities in the form of chemical dosing system,
effluent recirculation system, etc. shall be provided to treat the effluent and to bring the quality
suitable for reuse in ash handling plant, along with the ETP waste. Necessary instruments shall
be provided for monitoring the quality of effluents.

Rain Water Harvesting System

All the rain water from road drains, roof top drains, would be collected in the rain water pit. The
collected water would be recharged into the ground. All the buildings will be provided with rain
water harvesting arrangement.

Sewage Treatment Plant

The sanitary waste streams from the different buildings of the plant will flow under gravity
through their respective manholes. The sewage will flow from the manholes to the nearest
collection chambers by gravity. The collected sewage in the collection chambers will flow
through sewer lines and flow to the common collection sump. From the common collection
sump the sewage will be pumped to the equalization Tank located in the STP Area.

The sewage treatment plant will be designed as per guidelines of CPHEEO Manual. The
anticipated no. of users will be 1500 persons. The sewage treatment plant will be designed to
handle a flow of 60 KLD considering average per capita consumption of 45 Ipcd with 80% of
used water generated as sewage. The Sewage Treatment Plant will be modular type based on
FAB/MBBR technology followed by disinfection by Hypo and necessary tertiary treatment prior
to reuse in horticulture purpose.

4.4.6 Solid Waste Management (Fly Ash Disposal)

The ash management scheme for the ash generated from powerplant will involve dry collection
of flyash, supply of ash to entrepreneurs for utilization, promoting ash utilization and disposal of
unused ash.

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Fly ash Generation

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF&CC) Notification dated 3 rd November,2009)stipulate

that “newcoaland, orlignitebasedthermal power stationand, or expansionunitscommissionedafter
this notification to achieve thetargetofflyashutilization level.

Fly ash utilization level

Sl. No. Fly ash utilization level Target date

1. At least 50% of fly ash generation Oneyearfromthedateofcommissioning

2. At least 70% of fly ash generation Twoyearfromthedateofcommissioning
3. 90%offlyash generation Threeyearfromthedateofcommissioning
4. 100%offlyash generation Fouryearfromthedateofcommissioning

The unutilizedfly ashinrelationtothetarget duringayear, if any, shall be utilized within next two
years in addition to the targets stipulated for these years and the balance unutilized fly target)
shall be utilized progressively over next five years in addition to 100% utilization of current
generation of fly ash.

Ash Disposal Area

The maximum ash content of lignite is 10% having an ash generation of 577.5 TPH/unit (with GCV
of 2720 kcal/kg). The ash collected in Seven (7) nos. Intermediate Surge hopper (ISH) from ESP,
APH and Duct hoppers in dry form and then it is conveyed to Two (2) nos Silo of 1000 MT capacity
for each unit.

Bottom ash collection & disposal would be continuous from submerged Scrapper chain
conveyor (SSC – by SG package) located at the bottom of the furnace. From the SSC, bottom
ash will be discharged in to a mobile conveyor for collecting the bottom ash in lorry parked
below it for onward transport to the ash disposal area. In case of non availability of lorry, a
mobile hopper shall be placed and bottom ash shall be collected in the mobile hopper.

Bottom ash collection & disposal would be continuous from submerged Scrapper chain
conveyor located at the bottom of the furnace. The bottom ash generation is about 12 TPH/ unit.

Ash generated will be supplied to nearby manufacturers of building material, cement, and for land
filling of low lying areas as per MOEF&CC guidelines.

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4.4.7 Ecological Environment

4.4.7.1 Impact on Ecology

List of flora and fauna identified in the study area does not indicate any endemic or endangered
Species of flora and fauna. The existing biological environment in the core zone area consists
mostly of un-irrigated dry cultivated land with many barren patches. Only a few species of birds
are sighted in and around the project area.

The impact on the flora of the area due to the operation of the project will mainly occur from the
deposition of pollutants through air medium. Dust in the form of dry Lignite fly ash affects the
biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem individually and synergistically with other
pollutants. Chronic and acute effects on plants and animals may be induced when the
concentration of pollutants exceeds threshold limits. The dust particles depending upon the size
and weight settle down at varying distances on vegetation and soil surfaces in the prevailing
wind direction.

Deposition of dust on soil alters the physical and chemical character of soil also which may
leach out in the soil and hamper plant growth at higher concentration. The pollutants normally
contaminate the food chain and may create health problems to the organisms at the higher
tropic level. The growth reduction and unfavorable alterations in different plant parameters
under the stress of dust pollution can be described in the following manner.
 Quantitative and qualitative changes in solar radiation impinging on the leaf surface and
alterations in the energy exchange process of leaf due to dust deposition.
 Decrease in chlorophyll level and injury of chloroplast.
 Interruption in gaseous exchange due to shading of cuticle and clogging of stomata by
dust.
 Dust induced alterations in pH and other physico-chemical properties of soil supporting
plant growth.

There will be emission of PM, SO2 and NOx from proposed powe plant expansion. NOx and
SO2 are not consideredto be of major concern as phyto-toxicants, since several studies suggest
that concentration sufficient to injure vegetation would be far above the monitored ambient
levels. The gaseous pollutants are unlikely to create any adverse impact on the plants because
SO2 and NOx are phyto-toxicant at much higher level.

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USEPA air quality criterion for SO2 stipulates 0.2 ppm level (524 µg/m3) when visible injury
tosensitive vegetation in humid regions after 3 hours exposure is observed. In another criteria,
level 0.5 ppm SO2 level (1310µg/m3) for 1 hour exposure results in visible injury to sensitive
vegetation inhumid regions. At higher SO2 concentration of 10 ppm (26214 µg/m3), visible injury
to vegetation inarid regions is observed. Such high ambient air concentration of sulphur dioxide
i.e., 524 µg/m3, is highly improbable for occurring in the study area after execution of the
proposed project. USEPA air quality criteria for NOx stipulate 2 ppm level (3760 µg/m3) when
foliar injury to vegetation at 4 hoursexposure is observed. At a lower NOx concentration of
0.25ppm (470µg/m3) during the growing period, decrease of growth and yield of tomatoes and
oranges are observed. Such high ambient air concentration of nitrogen dioxide i.e., 470 µg/m3is
again improbable in the study area after execution of the proposed project. This will enhance
the outlook and status of the area from the angle of biological diversity, aesthetic quality etc.

Impact on flora

The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance. During construction
activities vegetation may be disturbed which can be considered insignificant. The removal of
vegetation from the soil and loosening of the topsoil generally causes soil erosion. Due to the
present developmental activity, the number of trees, shrubs, herbs and grass species that are
going to be removed are very few as it is an Industrial land. Proper care shall be taken during
gaseous and liquid emissions by the industry.

Impacts on fauna

The construction phase does not envisaged excavation or alteration in water bodies hence shall
not entail changes in aquatic biodiversity.

4.4.7.2 Control Measures for Biological Impacts

Necessary regulatory and statutory steps will be undertaken for Greenbelt Plantation in
consultation with the state forest department authorities within the project sites.

The incremental GLC values are not likely to induce any significant changes on the flora of the
study area. The dust from raw material storage and handling and ash disposal sites (dump yard)
generated during dry season may have local impact to the nearby areas. However, this dust will
be controlled using water sprinkling and Green covering surrounding the facility.

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Greenbelt will be developed during construction to improve the aesthetic value in the area and
to screen out the fugitive dust generated during construction.

However, such impacts will be confined to the project site and will be minimized through paving
and water sprinkling. The option of transplantation of trees will also be studied to save the
existing matured trees and replant them in the area earmarked for greenbelt development.

4.4.8 Socio economic Aspects

4.4.8.1 Impacts

The proposed expansion will be developed as per the said plant layout and there will not be any
loss to public properties such as roads, canals or any public infrastructures.

The project does not involve R&R issue as the land has been acquired and in possession of
NLCIL and the proposed project site doesn’t displaces any human settlement or any public
properties such as roads, Public utilities, Government buildings etc. Due to theproposed project
there will be number of beneficial impacts in the local area such as,
 Increased direct and indirect employment opportunities for local residents.
 Development of local infrastructures such as roads, communication access,
 Appreciation in the land value,
 Increased volume of local business in the area
 Increased business opportunities for local residence in various ancillary industries such
as transportation etc.
During operation phase there will not be any major adverse impact on the local people.

4.4.8.2 Mitigation Measures

 Preference to eligible local youths for employment opportunities in the proposed project.
 Socioeconomic development programs will be implemented in the area under Corporate
Social Responsibility programs by the plant during the operation phase.
 Development of social infrastructure by various CSR activities.
 The CSR Programs undertaken will be focused on the livelihood empowerment, Health
promotion, Education promotion, Infrastructure development programs, etc.

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CHAPTER – 5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

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Chapter 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 History and Background of site selection

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has prescribed the land requirement for different
configurations of TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2x660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based).
Accordingly, 2 X 660 MW plant would require a land of about 608 acres.

As this is the proposed expansion brown field project, NLCIL has earmarked 608 Acres of land
adjoining the TPS-II for locating this project as the entire land is in possession of NLCIL. The
site has been following positive features.

1. Availability of suitable & adequate land

2. Availability of reliable source of water
3. Availability of road and railway access
4. Environmental aspects
5. Availability of infrastructural facilities
6. Conformity to Siting Criteria of MoEF&CC

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CHAPTER – 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
PROGRAM

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Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 Preamble

An Environmental Monitoring Plan provides feedback about the difference between existing
environmental scenario and the impacts due to project on the environment and helps to judge
the adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment.

The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental
parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse effects are detected and timely action
can be taken to safe guard the environment.

Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures
can be determined only by efficient monitoring.

6.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan

The basic objective of Environmental Monitoring Program is:

 To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project implementation
 To provide feedback to the decision makers about the effectiveness of their actions
 To determine the project’ s actual environmental impacts so that modifications can be
made to mitigate the impacts
 To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental damage
occurs
 To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of
human activities and mitigation measures.

6.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Monitoring shall ensure that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct
measurement and recording quantitative information, such as concentrations of discharge,
emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits
or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a
site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-
economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

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6.4 Monitoring Schedule

As per the guidelines of MoEF&CC, environmental monitoring shall be required during

construction and operational phases. Environmental monitoring schedules are prepared
covering various phases of project advancement, such as construction phase and regular
operational phase.

The schedule for monitoring ambient air quality, ambient noise quality, ground water quality,
and wastewater quality both during the construction and operation phases of the project is
given in Table 6-1.

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Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Frequency
Environmental Parameters to be No. of Sampling Standards Methods for
of Compliance
Attributes monitored Locations Sampling & Analysis
Monitoring
Construction Phase
Fine Particulate Samplers for
PM10, PM2.5, Respirable Dust National Ambient Air
Once a
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Six (06) Sampler fitted with Gaseous Quality Standards
Air Quality month during
NO2, and CO sampling arrangements for SO2, released during
construction
NO2, CO analyser /portable CO November, 2009
meter for CO.
Once a
Day and night noise Six (06) month Portable hand-held noise level National Ambient
Noise Levels
levels during meter. Noise Standards
construction
IS10500, 2012 drinking
water standards for
Groundwater which is
Physical, Chemical
given as Annexure
and Biological Groundwater
(03) Once a
Water Quality Surface water month during Grab sampling and analysis by Designated Best Use
In addition to the (03) using standard methods.
construction Classification of Inland
above, Alpha, Beta
Surface Water of
emitters (surface
National Rivers
water)
Conservation
Directorate, MoEF&CC
for Surface Water
Soil texture, type, Six (06) Once a year Baseline data, Soil
Collection and analysis of
Soil electrical during standards by Indian
samples as per IS 2720
conductivity, pH, construction Council of Agricultural

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Frequency
Environmental Parameters to be No. of Sampling Standards Methods for
of Compliance
Attributes monitored Locations Sampling & Analysis
Monitoring
infiltration, porosity, Research, New Delhi
etc.,
Wind speed, wind Hourly
direction, rainfall, Project Site measurement
Meteorology IMD/CPCB manual -
temperature, during
humidity. construction
Operation Phase
Continuous Fine Particulate Samplers for
online stack PM10, PM2.5, Respirable Dust National Ambient Air
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Six (06) emission Sampler fitted with Gaseous Quality Standards
Air Quality
NO2, O3 and CO PM10, PM2.5, sampling arrangements for SO2 released during
SO2, NOx& and NO2, O3, CO analyser November, 2009
Hg /portable CO meter for CO
Day and night noise Six (06) Once a Portable hand-held noise level National Ambient
Noise Levels
levels month meter. Noise Standards
IS10500, 2012 drinking
water standards for
Groundwater which is
Physical, Chemical
given as Annexure
and Biological Groundwater
(03)
Water Quality Surface water Once a Grab sampling and analysis by Designated Best Use
In addition to the (03) month using standard methods. Classification of Inland
above, Alpha, Beta
Surface Water of
emitters (surface
National Rivers
water)
Conservation
Directorate, MoEF&CC
for Surface Water

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Frequency
Environmental Parameters to be No. of Sampling Standards Methods for
of Compliance
Attributes monitored Locations Sampling & Analysis
Monitoring
Soil texture, type,
electrical
Collection and analysis of
Soil conductivity, pH, Six (06) Once a year Baseline data
samples as per IS 2720
infiltration, porosity,
etc.,
Wind speed, wind
direction, rainfall, Hourly
Meteorology Project Site IMD/CPCB manual -
temperature, measurement
humidity.
Treated Environment Protection
Physical, Chemical One (01) Continuous Grab sampling and analysis by
Wastewater Amendment Rules,
and Biological ETP & STP Inlet monitoring using standard methods.
Quality 2015

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6.5 Monitoring by NLCIL

The environmental monitoring shall be carried out by NLCIL within their industry premises. The
environmental monitoring programme shall indicate, parameters, location and frequency and it
shall be formulated as per the stipulations laid by TNPCB/CPCB/MoEF&CC in their respective
Environmental Clearance/Consent To Establish (CTE)/Consent To Operate (CTO). As per the
latest guidelines from CPCB, online effluent quality, Ambient air quality and stack monitoring is
provided and it shall be connected to TNPCB/CPCB server.

6.6 Compliance Reports

As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance reports shall be

submitted to TNPCB, CPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.

 Half yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated prior environmental clearance
terms and conditions on June 01 and December 01 of every calendar year
 Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to TNPCB on or
before September 30 every year
 Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste if any in Form-3 as per Hazardous
Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2008
 Format for maintaining hazardous waste imported and exported in Form-10 as per
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2016
 Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals shall be maintained as per schedule-9 of MSIHC
rules, 1989 (amended 2000)
 Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC rules,
1989 (amended 2000).

6.7 Plantation Monitoring Programme

Environmental Management Cell/team will monitor the following activities of greenbelt and
landscape development:
 Development of nursery (if possible)  Fencing of plantation area
 Treatment and sowing of seeds  Weeding and soil working
 Watering  Pruning (trimming of plant)
 Transport of seedlings  Replacement/Inter planting
 Planting of seedlings  Watch and ward of plantation

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During operation phase periodic monitoring of plantation growth, manuring, watering, pruning,
and replacement will be performed in order to properly maintain vegetation, greenbelt,
landscape and green cover. It is suggested to plant shrubs or plants with 1 or 2 m height in
utility corridor to avoid bird nesting/resting on the plants.

6.8 On-site Mock Drills Requirements

On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety
procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals
enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster management plan.
Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:

 Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan

 Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for the unforeseen
event
 Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment is being maintained at existing
premises

To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, NLCIL authority/EHS department/EMP

cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:

 Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)

 Power break down
 Oil spill
 Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks

Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other
department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the
outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more
efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this is of
utmost importance.

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CHAPTER – 7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES

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Chapter 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

This chapter describes the public consultation, risk assessment and disastermanagement plan,
Fire Safety Systems, Occupational Health and Safety and Social Impact Assessment Studies,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan.

7.1 Public Consultation

The present EIA study has been conducted for the proposed Project complying with the ToR
issued vide letter dated March 23rd, 2017, file no - J-13012/11/2016 – IA, I (T). A copy of the
above mentioned letters are enclosed in Appendix I, Based on the above the EIA study has
been undertaken with one seasonal baseline study, public hearing was conducted, and minutes
included. The EIA report is submitted to the EAC/MoEF&CC.

Public Hearing notice was issued in an English daily named ‘The New Indian Express’ and in a
Tamil Daily named ‘ Dinamani’ on 12.01.2018 (News paper advertised notice enclosed as
Appendix III) and further villages near the project sie were informed by Beats (Dhandora) on
12.02.2018

Public Hearing conducted on 15.02.2018 (at 10:00 hrs) at Community Hall, block-29, Neyveli
Township, Virudhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District.

The Public Hearing is organized byTNPCB, Cuddalore District and presided by The Sub
Collector, Cuddalore District and The Revenue Divisional officer.

The attendance register recorded of public attended the public hearing meeting

The District Environmental Engineer (DEE) TNPCB, Cuddalore in his welcome address stated
that the public hearing for the proposed project of the M/s. NLC India Limited, Neyveli, TPS-II,
2nd Expansion Project (2 x 660 MW Supercritical – Lignite Based) is conducted as per
MoEF&CC. He further stated that public can express their views/opinion after the detailed
description of the project by the representative of project proponent, the minutes of the public
hearing along with the audio-video recording, the written petition received and copy of
attendance of public participated in the meeting would be sent to MoEF&CC, Govt of India, New
Delhi. He also stated that the approved minutes will be displayed in TNPCB website
www.tnpcb.gov.in, District Collector office and in the O/o Panchayat union, located near the
project site. The comments on the minutes can be sent directly to TNPCB and MoEF&CC.

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The District Environmental Engineer, TNPCB, Cuddaloe then requested the representative of
the project proponent to describe about the project activites. Dr. M. Velan, Deputy General
Manager (Environment), M/s. NLC India Limited, representative of the project proponent then
described about the proposed project as per the EIA report. In continuation, the District
Environmetal Engineer, TNPCB, cuddalore requested the public to express their views and
opinions.
District collector during his concluding speech said, NLC is a Central Government Organization,
benefical not only to the Central Government, but also to the State Government. This
Organization helped to fulfill the total power requirement of the state. If this organization is in
other state, bringing electricity to this state will be a problem, Hence, this organization is has
come to our state 50 years before is a happy news. But this big organization should take care of
the welfare of the traditional agriculture and shall take care of the farmers, they can get a good
name. People did not say they don’t want the organization, However based on the public
hearing they should understand the pain of the public and act accordingly. District Collector
says they must give preference to the employment, basic amenities and control pollution and
provide all facilities by the organization to the people in the surrounding villages, When new jobs
created NLC should give preference to the people in the surrounding villages based on their
qualification, rights and opportunities. They should give preference to the people base on the
opportunities.

The District Collector hope that this organization can solve all issues and provide permanent
solution, also those who are in Phudu Eri rehabilitation without patta, he will take quck action to
solve this issue.
The District Collector thanked the public and meeting came to end.

Public Hearing Proceedings Lr.No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/PH/4825/A/2018, dated: 21.02.2018

Enclosed as Appendix IV, Public Photos given in Figure 7-1 and compliance to the Public
hearing proceedings is given in Table 7-1

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Public arrival NLCIL Officials & Public

Project Proponent addressing the Public Public gathering

The District Collector receiving the petition from The District Collector addressing the Public
public

Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Photos

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Table 7-1 Compliance to Public Hearing Minutes

S.No Name and Public Hearing Queries Replies

Address
1 Mrs. Rajakumari She stated about her family situation and requested
for an employment.
Not related to this project of NLCIL
2 Mr.Dileep, He stated that he had read the Form-1, Pre- Report enclosed as Appendix VI
CAG/NGO, feasibility report and executive summary
Chennai 2.1 It is reported that M/s. NLC India Limited has
608 acres for this project and it had mentioned that it Laterite soil excavated by the villagers has left large
need to land fill up to 2 m height in Form-1 and there voids which needs filling and levelling.
is no clarification provided for the need of land fill in
a plane surface.

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2.2 It is reported that the project would require 34 The adjacent TPS-II lake is source of water for the
cusecs i.e 81624 KLD of water with of without plant. ETP recovery is made mandatory for the
recovery. There is no clarification regarding the project. The water consumption figure with and
whether the water requirement is after recovery from without ETP recovery is given to emphasis on the
effluent treatment plant or without recovery. He amount of water conserved by adopting ETP
further requested the project proponent shall adhere recovery.
to the water consumption of 2.5 m3/MWhr as per the
rules and guidelines of the Central Electricity The Fresh water requirement is estimated to be
Authority of India and MoEF&CC. 3299 m3/hr with ETP recovery, which works out to
2.49 m3/MWhr which is as per MoEF&CC
Notification S.O. 3305(E) dated: 7/12/2015 (water
consumption upto maximum of 2.5 m3/MWh and
achieve zero waste water discharged).

The water requirement for FGD system indicated in

the water balance diagram is indicative and subject
to revision once the MoEF&CC Draft notification
S.O. 3337(E). Item no 2.III, dated 16.10.2017
comes into force; we may consider 3m3/MWh and
rework the water balance accordingly.

During construction the manpower required will be

around 850 nos and operational phase 1000 nos
and hence the proposed STP capacity is 60 KLD

Total Water Requirement = 4215 m3/hr

Total Effluent generated = 1379 m3/hr

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Total Sewage generated = 2.5 m3/hr

Total Recycled Water = 1379 m3/hr (816 m3/hr for

cooling tower make up, 100 m3/hr for service water
makeup & 463 m3/hr for ash handling systems)

Total Fresh Water Requirement = 3299 m3/hr

Sewage water treatment plant capacity is 60KLD.

The water balance diagram with split up details of

various use is given in the EIA report chapter 2, Fig
2.2

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2.3 It is reported that the fuel requirement is In Form –I, lignite consumption was calculated
mentioned as 10 MT in one document and 8 MT is based on prefeasibility report. The revised figure of
another page of the application. If 10 MT of fuel is to 8.09 million TPA is based on the feasibility report
be used then this project will shall not fall in which was finalised at a later date and it is the
supercritical thermal power plant category so ultimate figure.
requested clarification in the project report.

Lignite fuel requirement is mentioned as 8.09

million TPA at 80% PLF which is worked out to
0.874 T/MW and the support fuel requirement is
given as 2055.6 KL/year at 80% PLF, that which is
2.21L/MW.

Lignite:

8.09*10^6 TPA = 8.09*10^6/365*24=923.5 Tons

per hour

T/MW with PLF 80% = 923.5/1320*0.8 = 0.874

T/MW

Support fuel:

L/MW = (2346.67 l/hr)/(1320*0.8) = 2.2 L/MW.

The fuel consumption for 80% PLF works out to be

8.09 and this figure is as given in the EIA report,
Chapter 4, Section 4.4.3.3. The proposed boiler is a
supercritical
The steam generator is supercritical only with the
lignite consumption of 0.875 Kg/KWH. Since lignite

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is an inferior quality fuel, higher specific fuel
consumption is required.

As per CERC Norms, the lignite consumption is

22164 TPD is for 80% PLF and the ash generation
and air pollution data have been calculated based
on the above figure and mentioned in the EMP.
The figure of 27720 TPD given in the Executive
summary is for 80% PLF.

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He also stated that various anomalies were Auxiliary power requirement is considered as 6.85
observed. Out of which one particular thing is the % of generated power, which is 90.42 MW for 1320
unit has stated the 6 % of power generated will be MW.
consumed for auxiliary power requirement and 79.2
MW/660 MW is mentioned whereas the 79.2 would Auxiliary power required is 6.85% of the generated
be required for the plant capacity. power instead of 6% due to installation of FGD
plant which works out to 90.42 MW for two Units of
1320MW capacity.
It is reported that the stack height would be 200 m in As per MoEF & CC draft notification dated 16th
one chapter and 150 m in one chapter, whereas the Oct, 2017 the stack height can be worked out
deciding factor for the design of stack height is SO2 depending on the SO2 emission rate, if the plant
emission level is mentioned. has Flue gas Desulphurisation unit installed. Here
the stack height is given as 150 m.
As per the draft MOEF&CC notification, stack
height works out to 150 mt with the provision of
FGD.

Approximately 11.88 T/day of gypsum is expected

to be generated per day from FGD. Based on the
marketability, the gypsum generated will be
marketed or disposed to cement plant or used for
back filling in the mines. The gypsum generated
from the Thermal Power Plant FGD process may
not warrant as per Hazardous and other wastes
(Management and Transboundary Movement)
Rules 2016, Notification No. G.S.R No. 395 (E)
dated: 04.04.2016 since it is not from chemical

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plant source and hence may be considered as non-
hazardous.

He further stated, it is reported that fly ash The fuel consumption per unit is 577.5TPH for 80%
generation would be 577.5 T/hr there will be PLF operation and ash generation is calculated
increase in time and cost for the disposal of the based on the same.
same.
3 Mrs. R. She Stated about her family situation and requested Not related to this project of NLCIL
Shanmugavalli, for employment.
Vadakuthu Villag
4. Mr. R Perumal, He stated that his village is surrounded by four
Kattukunagkurichi thermal power plants. Because of M/s. NLC India
Village Ltd, public were affected by breathing problems and NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
Neopolis disease. He also stated that when TPS –I contract agencies with minimum wages protection
of M/s. NLCIL came into operation, 24,000 workers and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
were employed and now there are only 10,000 contract works are allotted to Project Affected
workers. The unit has not provided employment in persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
technical section for the past 14 years and the unit to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
authority is only employing other state people and lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
does not employ any local people. He requested the announced by the appropriate Government
unit authority to provide basic amenities, Proven studies are there for air quality and water
employment and education to his village. The unit purity to prove that kidney and TB is not caused
has acquired their cultivable land and does not even because of the Neyveli environmental conditions.
provide employment based on their qualification; Also NLCIL also pursues appropriate standards in
instead other state people are being employed. He safety, quality, energy efficiency, clean mining
finally stated that the proposed project has issues techniques, emission controls and environment
and oppose to the proposed activity. management.
5. Public from Stated that their village surrounding is affected with
Mandarakuppam dust, air and water pollution due to the operation of

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village M/s. NLCIL mines. Because of using explosives in NLCIL is adopting the best pollution control devices
mines, the villagers are feeling tremor in their to control pollution. Delayed detonation techniques
buildings. He also requested to provide employment are adopted to reduce vibration during blasting.
to the local people rather than employing other state
NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
people and to provide adequate salary to the contract agencies with minimum wages protection
present employees. The commodities provided and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
through CSR activity are in low quality and if the contract works are allotted to Project Affected
local people are ignored continuously they have no persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
other option other than struggling for their basic to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
needs. lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
NLC provides good quality material only through
CSR and the allegation is not correct.
6. Mr. Anbazhagan, HE Stated that he is not going to talk about the This issue is related to Mine-IA Project and not
Thenkuthu Village present project but instead going to speak about the related to this project. The suggestion that online
issue related towards Mine IA expansion of M/s. method can be adopted for land acquisition is
NLCIL. He stated that M/s. NLCIL is going for related to State Government subject and NLCIL
Expansion of Mine 1A with 2006 hectares of can not comment on this.
Thenkuthu, Vadakuthu, South Vellore,
Veludayanpattu Villages as per EIA report, out of
which 244 hectares are from Thenkuthu Village and
138 hectares are from South Vellore village. In
Thenkuthu village, the lignite content is less and in
average about 12.6 m depth. If this project comes up
at an estimated cost of Rs 1453 crore, there would
be a loss of about Rs 500 crore to the central and
state government. Hence the project should not be
started in Thenkuthu village where cultivation is
happening. Instead the unit authority shall make
integrated buildings and rehabilitate their employees

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there, because of which the mining activity which is
estimated to end in 2040 may extend upto 2050
without acquiring any new land. He also suggested
that the unit may follow online method for land
acquisition as currently being doing for employment
opportunities and requested to prefer experienced
local people for employment.
7. Mr. Selvaraj, He informed that the villagers of Mudanai, NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
Kaattukunagkurichi Kunagkurichi, Uthangal, Umanagalam. Elumicham contract agencies with minimum wages protection
Village were affected by providing land to M/s. NLCIL. The and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
people of the village should also develop along with contract works are allotted to Project Affected
country, we welcome the project. He stated that the persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
villagers gave land to M/s. NLCIL based on their to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
assurance that they provide employment to the lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
people, instead of providing permanent employment announced by the appropriate Government.
the unit employs only for 10 years and then send Every year more than 2% of Net Profit of the
them back, because of this there is no development company is spent on CSR activities as per
and basic amenities available in the village. The unit Government guidelines which covers the
of M/s. NLCIL shall provide complete basic surrounding villages.
amenities. Because of the pollution from the unit The best pollution control devices such as Flue Gas
most of the villagers are affected with kidney Desulphurisation, Electro static Precipitators,DeNox
problems. The unit shall reduce the amount of system and Zero discharge system are proposed
dust/ash/lignite emission, shall recycle the water and for this project to control pollution and protect the
provide it for agriculture purpose. The 60 % Environment.
residents of Mudanai, Uthangal and Kunagkurichi Proven studies are there for air quality and water
people should be provided with employment. The purity to prove that kidney and TB is not caused
contract workers shall be made into permanent because of the Neyveli environmental conditions.
workers based on their educational qualification. He Also NLCIL also pursues appropriate standards in
also requested that the revenue generated by M/s. safety, quality, energy efficiency, clean mining
NLCIL shall be first utilized for the development of techniques, emission controls and environment

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the surrounding village and the District and it shall management.
be utilized for other states. He also stated that the
project may be carried out without affecting the
environment.
8. Mrs.Reginamary, She informed that they are affected by the dust andThe best pollution control devices such as Flue Gas
Kaattukunagkurichi pollution from M/s. NLCIL and because of Desulphurization, Electro static Precipitators,
Village unemployment, they don’t welcome the project and DeNox system and Zero discharge system are
they will fight for their basic amenities. She proposed for this project to control pollution and
requested that necessary action to be taken. protect the Environment.
Proven studies are there for air quality and water
purity to prove that kidney and TB is not caused
because of the Neyveli environmental conditions.
Also NLCIL also pursues appropriate standards in
safety, quality, energy efficiency, clean mining
techniques, emission controls and environment
management.
NLCIL Is unable to provide permanent employment
to all the PAPS as the number of vacancy is
created is minimal for the past several years.NLCIL
is providing temporary employment through
contract agencies with minimum wages protection
and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
contract works are allotted to Project Affected
persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
9. Mr. He requested that M/s. NLCIL shall give correct In respect of the lands already acquired, statutory
Sudaravadhanam, price for their land. In 1990 the unit gave Rs 20,000 compensation was paid by land acquisition officer,
Pudhu Eri, per acre and instead of giving compensation in as per the provisions of LA Act and in addition to

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Vepangurichi single payment, the unit gave it in installment and is that, enhanced compensation was also paid to
Village still dragging with court cases. He also requested almost all (about 98%) exland owners, through Lok
permanent employment instead of contract work Adalat, as per mutual agreement. Some of the land
given to locals. The person who is working as owners, who do not want to receive the mutually
contract labour for 10 years and more should not be agreed rates through Lok Adalat are seeking higher
expelled from the job. In case of new land amount of compensation through Judicial forums
acquisition the present market price should be given and the law takes its own course. NLCIL is always
to the land lord instead the unit is asking the rate ready to pay the mutually agreed rates through Lok
prevailed during 1989. The basic amenities provided Adalat and hence the allegation is not correct. The
as per rules shall be issued as notice in tamil daily. issue of Patta to be taken up with State
The unit has provided land at pudhueri for 450 Government authorities.
families as a rehabilitation measure and out of them
only 250 were issued with Patta. The rest of the
families which are not provided with patta and no
guideline exists and thereby couldn’t resale it and
facing constraints, hence he requested that these
families to be issued with patta and issue of NOC for
their lands and plots.
10. Dr. B. Ashok He informed that his village people are affected by The best pollution control devices such as Flue Gas
Kumar, Uthangal NLC. As Ash from the power plant mixes with water, Desulphurization, Electro static Precipitators,
Village People are affected with kidney diseases. He DeNox system and Zero discharge system are
wanted free medical facilitates and purified drinking proposed for this project to control pollution and
water facilities to be extended to the villagers. A protect the Environment.
health survey team may be formed to conduct health NLC India limited maintains air quality level as per
survey of the people and take necessary action. the standard stipulated by the Acts & Rules.
In the operating Thermal Power Plants, Green Belt
has been provided in and around the plants to
control the dust pollution. However, efforts will be
taken to plant more trees in the coming years.
Providing water facility will be considered during the

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financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
approval of the District administration.
.
Also NLCIL also pursues appropriate standards in
safety, quality, energy efficiency, clean mining
techniques, emission controls and environment
management. Through CSR, health camps are
conducted in the surrounding villages and people
are screened for major illness if any. Proven
studies are there for air quality and water purity to
prove that kidney and TB is not caused because of
the Neyveli environmental conditions
11. Mr. Ariya. He informed that NLC has acquired 27 acres of In respect of the lands already acquired, statutory
Arumugam, paddy field and 18 acres of cashew field and paid a compensation was paid by land acquisition officer,
Vanathipuram compensation of Rs.3000 per acre. NLC is not as per the provisions of LA Act and in addition to
Village properly utilizing the acquired Land. Eucalyptus that, enhanced compensation was also paid to
trees were grown acquired on the acquired land almost all (about 98%) exland owners, through Lok
.They can acquire the land when the need arises. Adalat, as per mutual agreement. The lands are
when we seek loan from bank for these lands, the acquired based on future plans and to the
officers refuse stating that, the land is under eviction maximum possible extent the acquired land is
area. Ways to be made to sell our land whenever being used for new projects.
the need arises. Lorry carrying lignite/overburden NLCIL ensures that the lorry transporting lignite
from Mine-I to Vadalur causing dust pollution and aretarpaulin covered to avoid dust pollution and the
producing lung diseases. Hence transporting lignite same will be continued. Based on the land
by Lorries should be avoided. The road from requirement only, the lands are being acquired .
Vanndrayapuram to Vadalur is in damaged condition Under CSR scheme the request of the villagers to
and road to be laid using CSR fund. The CSR fund, provide basic amenities will be submitted to the
fund shall be spent in nearby villages and not in District Collector and upon approval of the same it

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other states. will be implemented for the welfare of the villagers.
12. Mr. Ilavarassan - He wanted a white paper on the issues/demands NLCIL being a Govt.Company, it adheres to Central
Vepangurichi rise from the previous public hearing and the action and State Government rules. The demands raised
Village – Ex take a report. Their grievances shall be addressed. in the public hearing are being attended too in
Panchayat They wanted a free modern hospital by NLC and to systematic way.NLCIL General Hospital provides
President avoid transportation of lignite by lorry. Also medical facilities to the surrounding villages also.
requested Employment for people from whom the Lignite carrying lorries are covered with Tarpaulin.
land was acquired. It was stated that rehabilitation NLCIL Is unable to provide permanent employment
colonies are constructed in Alladi, Pallakollai village to all the PAPs as the number of vacancy is
which is a groundwater recharge zone and because created is minimal for the past several years.
of this ground water recharging is reduced. Hence, NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
guidelines may be issued for the rehabilitation. contract agencies with minimum wages protection
When rehabilitation arises and it shall be named and and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
marked in map. contract works are allotted to Project Affected
Persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
13. Mr. Ramu, It was stated that more than 200 lorries are flying Lignite carrying lorries are instructed to be covered
Vadakkuvellore from Mine-I to Mine-II in their village area in day time with Tarpaulin.
for transport of lignite and it causes dust pollution NLCIL Is unable to provide permanent employment
and vehicles also met with accident. Hence to all the PAPS as the number of vacancy is
transporting lignite by lorry from uncovered vehicles created is minimal for the past several years.
shall be stopped. They demanded proper NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
employment for local people and Provide water for contract agencies with minimum wages protection
their irrigation facilities. Also land oustee’s shall not and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
be removed from employment. contract works are allotted to Project Affected
persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act

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announced by the appropriate Government. Land
oustees will not removed from employment without
valid reason.
14 Mr. Aarokyaraj – NLC has given Rs.2000, Rs.3000 and Rs.5000 per In respect of the lands, already acquired, in 1978 –
Kunangkurichi acre to their land during the year 1978 and 1979. In 79, in Kunankurichi, Uthangal, Umangalam,
this village 900 acres has been acquired. They Mudhanai and Ammeri villages statutory
stated to give employment for one person for each compensation was paid by land acquisition officer,
house. They have not provided employment for the as per the provisions of LA Act and in addition to
educated people in the village even though has that, enhanced compensation was also paid at Rs.
given number of representations. They demanded 75000 per acre for wet lands, Rs. 70200/- per acre
irrigation facilities, educational facility, hospital for irrigated dry lands, Rs. 34200/- per acre for
facility and road facility. A team may be formed to Manavary dry lands, Rs. 72400/- per acre for house
checking and taking necessary action to control air site, Rs. 54800/- per acre for cashew thopes for
pollution about 591 hectares of lands to 2099 exland
owners, through Lok Adalat, as per mutual
agreement. Hence the allegation is wrong..
NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
contract agencies with minimum wages protection
and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
contract works are allotted to Project Affected
persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
The basic infrastructure facilities like providing
irrigation facilities, education facility, medical
facility, laying of roads, etc.will be considered
during the financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a
phased manner. The work will be arranged after
getting the feasibility report & estimates and the

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administrative approval of the District
administration.
15 Mr. Venkatesan, We register our protest in advance for the proposed For the lands to be acquired after the enactment of
Karmangudi acquisition of land for Mines-III. NLC has to give a New Central LA Act, Compensation and R&R
report on the facilities so far provided to us. After benefits will be provided as per the provisions of
that only we will give land.CSR fund shall not be new LA Act and as per the orders of the State Govt.
spent in other states.NLC has wasted Rs. 5 Crores in this regard.
to clean Manimutharu river. Due to air pollution,
cancer decease has increased. A team has to be The basic infrastructure facilities will be considered
formed to assess the facilities provided and after during the financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a
checking necessary action to be taken. In phased manner. The work will be arranged after
Maharastra mines, lands are acquired through Coal getting the feasibility report & estimates and the
Bearing Act. By adopting the same method the land administrative approval of the District administration
oustee’s will get better compensation.

16. Mr. Henry Christ It is stated that less jobs are provided for the NLCIL is unable to provide permanent employment
Raj, Kunakkurichi persons who gave lands, Contract workmen given to all the PAPs as the number of vacancy is
with very less salary not able to lead family life. No
created is minimal for the past several years.
water facility provided. Enquired are there any plans
NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
to acquire their land. Our village is surrounded by
contract agencies with minimum wages protection
ash lake. Details to be provided for the transport of
and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
ash generated from the new power plant. Basic contract works are allotted to Project Affected
facility and future employment guaranty to be persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
provided to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
Ash will be transported in covered trucks to cement
industries.
17. Mr. John Leo, Their village is in the middle of NLC Complex. Clean The best pollution control devices such as Flue Gas
Kattukunankurichi air is coming in one direction. Now power plant Desulphurization, Electro static Precipitators,

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expansion is coming up in that area. Environment is DeNox system and Zero discharge system are
polluted, people are suffering from diseases and proposed for this project to control pollution and
going to hospital. Pollution monitoring equipment is protect the Environment.
to be provided in this village. M/s. NLC India Limited NLC India Limited maintains air quality level as per
to Inspect surrounding village and after fulfilling the the standard stipulated by the Acts & Rules.
basic needs, only new projects to be taken up. In the operating Thermal Power Plants, Green Belt
Requested employment for 60% people, drinking has been provided in and around the plants to
water facility, roads, medical facility shall be given control the dust pollution. However, efforts will be
for their villages. NLC has informed to recycle the taken to plant more trees in the coming years.
waste water. Earlier ground water was available at Providing basic facility will be considered during the
160 feet and now it is available in 360 feet and financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
because of this there is drinking water scarcity. This manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
project is for the growth of the Nation. We welcome feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
this project and will cooperate for implementation. approval of the District administration.
The funds from this project shall be used to provide Also NLCIL also pursues appropriate standards in
all facilities to the locals and then can be spent to safety, quality, energy efficiency, clean mining
other States. techniques, emission controls and environment
management.
Ground water level dropping is not due to increased
pumping but is due to agricultural and industrial
use. NLCIL is keeping the pumping rate within the
limit set by Ministry of Environment and Forest.
18. Mr. Rajakumar, This meeting should not be an eye wash is the Proven studies are there for air quality and water
Mudanai opinion of all people. NLC has not provided purity to prove that kidney and TB is not caused
employment and basic amenities. The surrounding because of the Neyveli environmental conditions.
villagers of the company are suffering from kidney NLCIL to take care of the welfare of the
and lung diseases. Surrounding villagers are surrounding villagers has donated a well
depending only on primary public health centre, established building & equipments for 12 bedded
hence a General Hospital shall be provided. dialysis (Renal care Unit) to the General Hospital of
Cuddalore District for the benefit of the Chronic

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Kidney Diseases (CKD) patients. NLCIL General
Hospital extends medical facilities to the
surrounding villages in addition to NLCIL
employees and contract workmen.
Providing basic facility will be considered during the
financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
approval of the District administration.
NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
contract agencies with minimum wages protection
and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
contract works are allotted to Project Affected
persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
19. Mr. Govindan, Thousands of acres of land acquired for Mine The land is acquired in a phased manner as per the
Uthangal expansion is kept vacant. Only one canal was land requirement for mining.
formed. Without maintaining the canal properly, NLC Providing basic facility will be considered during the
has evicted people from surrounding villages financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
compulsorily by paying compensation as per 1985 manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
Act. No activities in acquired land and instead we feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
would have utilized this land. They wanted approval of the District administration.
compensation for land, employment and medical NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
facilities. Now NLC has issued notice to acquire land contract agencies with minimum wages protection
in five villages – Uttangal, Umangalam, and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
Kollapakkam, SuKiranur, Gopalapuram for contract works are allotted to Project Affected
expansion of canal. The work has not been taken up persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
in the land acquired by NLC previously but why to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in

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should they acquire fresh land. lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.

20. Mr. N. In 1991, I have given 7 acre and one cent land to In respect of the lands, already acquired, in 1978 –
Subramanian, NLC limited for Rs.2,56,765. He stated he will return 79, in Kunankurichi, Uthangal, Umangalam,
Retired Head the amount along with interest and NLC to return the Mudhanai and Ammeri villages statutory
Master, Uthangal lands. NLC was not been given employment and compensation was paid by land acquisition officer,
suitable compensation. as per the provisions of LA Act and in addition to
that, enhanced compensation was also paid at Rs.
75000 per acre for wet lands, Rs. 70200/- per acre
for irrigated dry lands, Rs. 34200/- per acre for
Manavary dry lands, Rs. 72400/- per acre for house
site, Rs. 54800/- per acre for cashew thopes for
about 591 hectares of lands to 2099 exlandowners,
through Lok Adalat, as per mutual agreement.
Hence the allegation is wrong and the demand
could not be examined further.
NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
contract agencies with minimum wages protection
and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
contract works are allotted to Project Affected
persons (PAPs) based on qualifications. In addition
to that, monetary assistance will also be provided in
lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act
announced by the appropriate Government.
21 Mr. R. Ravikumar, NLC has not given employment and not giving NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
Mudanai required salary even through 420 Acres of land contract agencies with minimum wages protection
given from their areas. Fly ash deposited in 70% to and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
80% of their agricultural land, and the lands become contract works are allotted to Project Affected
not fit for Agricultural purpose. Requested free persons (PAPs) based on qualifications small no of

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Education, Hospital facility and
uninterrupted permanent vacancies arises.. In addition to that,
electricity. monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of
employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced
by the appropriate Government. Fly ash is collected
in dry form and disposed to cement industries/brick
manufacturers and hence the complaint that fly ash
is deposited in their lands is not true.
Providing basic facility will be considered during the
financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
approval of the District administration.
22 Mr. M. Mathi, Living nearby NLC. Ash deposited in the lake, and NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
U.Agram not able to cultivate Sugar cane and paddy. Not contract agencies with minimum wages protection
followed the contract basis employment. Give and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
permanent employment for the local land oustee’s contract works are allotted to Project Affected
not for the other state persons. persons (PAPs) based on qualifications small no of
permanent vacancies arises.. In addition to that,
monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of
employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced
by the appropriate Government.
23. Mr. Shanmugam, He stated that the, ground water level is gone below NLCIL has reduced its pumping of ground water
Adiyamankuppam 630 feet. No opportunities for those who completed for mining. The drop in ground water level may be
the apprentices training in the year 1994. No Patta due to water drawal by competitive users like
issued to those given land. Link road facility not agriculture and industries in Cuddalore District.
provided from main road upto St. Annes School and NLCIL draws water from confined ground water
Therkiruppu Village to Merkiruppu Village Roads. basin and whereas public draw water from
Employment not provided. The livelihood of the unconfined aquifier. So the fall in Ground water in
surrounging people would be affected if the project the unconfined aquifier is not related to NLCIL
comes up. Requested Medical facility, employment pumping.

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for the Apprentices Trainees, Good Education and NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
School, Link road facility from Block – 29 to contract agencies with minimum wages protection
Merkiruppu Village. The NLC shall give assurance and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
for the above queries. Further, requested the water contract works are allotted to Project Affected
generated from Mines shall be diverted to northen persons (PAPs) based on qualifications small no of
side so that Therkiruppu, Soratthur, permanent vacancies arises.. In addition to that,
Muthandikuppam, Kattukoodalur villages will be monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of
benefited employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced
by the appropriate Government.
Providing basic facility will be considered during the
financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
approval of the District administration
The water pumped out from mining meets the
industrial and domestic water requirement of NLCIL
Projects and there is no surplus water to feed the
villages.
24. Mr. Anthonysamy, He stated that, cultivable land of U.Mangalam, Compensation for land affected due to sliding of
Arasakuzhi Uthangal, Kompudikuppam,Arasakuzhi villages were soil etc., as recommended by district administration
affected by soil slides in Mine-II. Farmers are not authorities was paid. No claim is pending. However,
able to do agriculture activity. Until now for 2017, compensation claimed amount is ready
compensation is not given. Requested for depositing the same into the district
compensation and to remove the soil slides. administration account for distribution of the same
by district administration. The account details
sought from the district administration in this regard
are awaited.
25. Mr. S. Vadivelu, He stated that, he is residing at Block 30, from the This representation is from one of the unauthorised
Manadikuppam village of Manadikuppam and working as a occupants who are creating problems for NLCIL by
temporary employee. In his area no road facility and way of unauthorised tapping of

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Water facility. In Block – 29 and Block – 30 people Electricity & Water supply thereby causing
have made their own basic amenities and not damages to various installations and action is being
provided Electricity connection for 500 above taken to vacate the NLCIL area by these
families residing in that area. unauthorized
occupants.
2. Therefore, in view of the foregoing, it may be
noted that, NLCIL is not in a position to extend
power supply /basic amenities to these
unauthorized occupants.
26. Mr. C. No Employment for the land oustee’s. Job given to NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
Dhakshnamoorthy, the other state people. NLC has conducted several contract agencies with minimum wages protection
Uthangal meeting for hearing the grievances but no one has and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
fulfill the requirements. No compensation issued for contract works are allotted to Project Affected
his land S.F. No.1. persons (PAPs) based on qualifications small no of
permanent vacancies arises.. In addition to that,
monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of
employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced
by the appropriate Government.
The statutory compensation for landis being paid by
land acquisition officer, as per the provisions of LA
Act and in addition to that, enhanced compensation
was also paid to land owners, through Lok Adalat,
as per mutual agreement.
27. NLC Indco-serve He stated that, he is worked as a Board Director; he The individual has apologized for his misdeed and
Employee raised a voice for the amenities for the society rejoined in Mine-II
members in the meeting conducted on 14.12.2017.
For that he was terminated from the Job. He
requested a permanent employment for the already
declared employee.

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28. Mr. Govindan, He welcomed the public hearing meeting conducted Providing basic facility will be considered during the
Mudanai for the TPS II expansion in Mudanai, Kunangkurichi, financial year 2018 – 19 onwards in a phased
Uthangal villages. M/s. NLC has entered an manner. The work will be arranged after getting the
agreement after acquiring their land for thermal feasibility report & estimates and the administrative
power plant, Mines and their expansion. He approval of the District administration
requested that this project shall be taken up after The statutory compensation for land was paid by
provision of rehabilitation, land, employment, basic land acquisition officer, as per the provisions of LA
amenities such as drinking – water, education, Act and in addition to that, enhanced compensation
safety and health facilities. The project proponent was also paid to land owners, through Lok Adalat,
shall certify that they have addressed the grievance as per mutual agreement.
of the public and then commence this project. Before The lowering of ground water is not due to NLCIL
commencement of NLC this area used to be fertile as mentioned inreply to earlier points.
and resourceful. Now, the water resource has gone NLCIL is providing temporary employment through
below to 450m. The ground water is extracted and contract agencies with minimum wages protection
sent for irrigation and into sea in south side. This and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various
should be stopped, instead the water shall be sent to contract works are allotted to Project Affected
irrigation in surrounding villages. Employment to be persons (PAPs) based on qualifications small no of
provided for the land oustee’s. permanent vacancies arises.. In addition to that,
monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of
employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced
by the appropriate Government.

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7.2 Risk Assessment

The Detailed risk assessment report for the proposed project is enclosed as Annexure 10

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

An onsite emergency plan is attributed to the response plan that contains and minimizes the
effects due to emergencies within the installations which have a potential to cause damage to
people and facilities within the installation premises.

The On-site and offsite emergency Plan is attached as Annexure 10

7.4 Social Impact Assessement Studies, R& R

SIA Report Rehabilitation and resettlement is enclosed as Annexure 9

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CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT BENEFITS

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CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure

There will be a probable increase in the infrastructure resources due to the project in the region
by the way of transport, communication, health facilities and other basic facilities to be created.
Creation of new infrastructure or up-gradation of the existing infrastructure is likely to create a
boost to the local economy and enhance the quality of life of the people living in the region.

8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure

It would be somewhat difficult to quantify all the benefits of a project of this type and nature to
the state and national economy because there are too many “spin-off” indirect benefits in
additions to direct benefits.

8.3 Induced Development

Since, power is the wheel for any of the development, to meet the growing demand, surrounding
villages, region& Southern States would get maximum benefits out of generated electricity. The
benefits may be realized either as upcoming of industries and its allied ancillary units. Other
benefits would be generation of either direct or indirect employment to the locals. The ensured
and reliable supply of power to upcoming industries and surrounding region would be a boon for
development of the region.

8.4 Power supply

The project is expected to generate around ten million units of electricity per year which will
meet the growing energy deficit in the state and will have a tremendous positive impact on
enhancement in the economy of Tamil Nadu.
8.5 Direct and Indirect Benefit for Public

8.5.1 Employment

The proposed project will provide direct as well as indirect employment to the locals. There will
be a huge demand for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled work force duringthe construction and
operation phases of the project.

The above requirement for manpower shall be sourced from the local area to the extent
possible and preference shall be given to persons affected due to implementation of the project.

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In addition to the above, the development of infrastructure in the area will also attract many
industries which would generate further employment.

8.5.2 Improved socio-economic conditions

The proposed project is likely to have a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the
region. The social structure in the region is likely to change due to the creation of more job
opportunities and revenues for income generation. People will have higher incomes due to
direct employment as well as indirect employment and will have higher earning and buying
capabilities.

8.5.3 Health

As a apart of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, it is envisaged to create

health infrastructure in the form of primary health centre, which will bebeneficial to the
employees and also local people living in the region as their dependence on nearby towns and
cities for quality medical treatment will be reduced. As part of CSR, it is also proposed to
conduct periodic health camps and carryout health campaigns which will lead to better health
conditions of the people.

8.5.4 Training for developing skills for locals

With globalization, Indian Industries are now opening to the world, resulting in growing demand
for world-class quality workmanship and deployment of latest technologies toenhance technical
skill and productivity. Intense training to workforce and equipping them with required knowledge
and skill in power industry will ensure quality and higher level of productivity of men and
machines.

Realizing this, NLCIL proposes to set up Skill Development Training programs under CSR
programs to provide vocational training in a professional manner and to develop highly trained
workforce that suits the requirement of proposed project. Structured training programs will be
conducted to enable both new entrants and less experience workers in the power industry
progressively improve their skill levels, knowledge and competency.

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CHAPTER – 9
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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Chapter 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Introduction

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) reviews the adequacy of various pollution control
measures envisaged for proposed project (presented in Chapter 2.0) in mitigating various
environmental impacts identified and assessed in Chapter 5. Additional mitigatory measures, if
required to ensure sustainable power development are also suggested. EMP has been
prepared separately for construction and operation phases and presented below. It describes
administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigatory measures are implemented and their
effectiveness is monitored. It also includes green belt development plan. Environmental
monitoring program has already been presented in Chapter 7.
Each of the mitigatory measure has been assessed with respect to
 Adoption of state of art technological measures
 Identification of human resources for its effective implementation
 Allocation of financial resources for its effective implementation and
 Effectiveness of mitigatory measure in mitigation of impacts
EMP specifies various technological measures for pollution prevention, waste minimization,
end-of-pipe treatment, attenuation etc. proposed to be undertaken to mitigate the environmental
impacts on each sector of environment during each phase of the project, i.e. construction phase
and operation phase. Most of the mitigatory measures are integral part of the main plant
package and will be commissioned simultaneously with the commissioning of the main plant
packages. However, at this stage, it is not possible to give a detailed physical and financial plan
for individual measures.
9.2 Administrative Aspects

The key benefits of EMP are that it provides the organization with means of managing and
improving its environmental performance thereby allowing it to contribute to better
environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control and improved relations with the
stakeholders. EMP includes four major elements;
 Commitment & Policy
 Planning
 Implementation
 Measurement & Evaluation

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9.2.1 Commitment & Policy

Project Proponent will strive to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that
incorporates all issues related to environmental and social components and will comply with the
suggestions given by the Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC)
and Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board (TNPCB). In this regard, NLCIL has well laid
down Environment Policy which was approved by their Directors.
9.2.2 Planning

This includes identification of environmental impacts and setting environmental objectives.

Environmental Management Plan would specifically consist of the following and NLCIL is
committed to follow the said plan in letter and in spirit. Pollution control arrangements/ mitigation
measures for different types/sources of pollution.
9.2.3 Implementation

The company believes in preservation of the Environment and will install and willensure efficient
operation of its pollution control equipment/systems. Company will ensure that trained
manpower is available for operating, maintaining and documentingthe effective environmental
operations.
9.2.4 Environmental Management System

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) is suggested for ensuring that the activities and
services of the region confirm to the carrying capacity (supportive and assimilative capacity).
This is based on Bureau of Indian Standard Specification IS:13967 (1993): Environmental
Management Systems - Specification (equivalent to ISO 14001).

Since this is more in line with the quality systems, it is recommended that the industry shall
improve EMS as outlined in the following sub-sections.
9.2.5 Environmental Management Records

NLCIL will maintain a well-established system of records to demonstrate compliance with the
environmental performance management system and the extent of achievement of the
environmental objectives and targets. In addition to the other records (legislative, audit and
review reports), management records shall address the following:

 Details of failure in compliance and corrective action

 Details of incidents and corrective action
 Details of complaints and follow-up action

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 Appropriate contractor and supplier information

 Inspection and maintenance reports
 Product identification and composition data
 Monitoring data
 Environmental training records
 Housekeeping
9.2.6 Environmental Management System Audits

As a mandatory requirement under the Environment Protection Rules (1986) as amended

through the Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in April 1993, an
Environmental Statement will be prepared annually. This includes the consumption of total
resources (raw material and water per tonne of product), quantity and concentration of
pollutants (air and water) discharged, quantity of hazardous and solid waste generation,
pollution abatement measures, conservationof natural resources and the investment on
pollution abatement. This may be an internal or external audit but carried out impartially and
effectively by a person properly trained for it. Broad knowledge of the environmental process
and expertise in relevant disciplines is also required.
The intention of this statement is:
 To identify the process/generation of power areas where resources can be used more
efficiently through a comparison with the figures of a similar power plant (thereby
reducing the consumption per unit of power generation)
 To determine the areas where waste generation can be minimised at source and
through end of pipe treatment (thereby reducing the wastes generated and discharged
per unit of power generation)
 To initiate a self-correcting/improvement system through an internal analysis to achieve
cost reduction through choice of superior technology and more efficient practices.
9.2.7 Environmental Management Cell

A permanent organizational set up will be formed by NLCIL to ensure the effective

implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major
duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows:
 To implement the Environmental Management Plan
 To ensure efficient operation and maintenance of pollution control devices
 To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations
 To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence to the EMP

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 To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule

 Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case
monitored results are above the specified limit
 Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental
laws as ready reference
 Maintain environment related records
 Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants and monitoring laboratories
 Maintaining log of public complaints and the action taken

9.2.7.1 Hierarchical Structure of EHS Management Cell

The proposed environmental management cell comprises of an environmental engineer who will
be supported by a team of executives to implement the safety and environmental aspects of the
company/Organisation (NLCIL). The environmental engineer/person Incharge will be reporting
to the plant head/DGM Environment with regards to all compliances and management
arrangements for implementing the ISO 14001 and other regulatory compliances. A dedicated
safety engineer and social scientist also will be inducted to implement various safety and CSR
related aspects in the power plant. The environment team will have the following
responsibilities:
 Developing policy and procedures for implementing the environmental management
programs in the facility/power plant,
 Monitoring and super vising the effectiveness of the pollution control systems and water
and waste minimization programs in the facility in close coordination with the process
and power plant operational teams,
 Undertaking the environmental monitoring programs as per the minimum monitoring
program suggested in this EIA report in consultation with State Pollution Control Board,
 Maintaining the environmental records, documentation and reporting the environmental
compliance status to the power plant head/DGM Environment and pollution control
board and MOEF&CC Regional office from time to time as per the directions of the
regulations,
 Identifying the environmental risks and hazards and near misses in the plant and making
corrective actions
 Providing training to the employees and workers on the environmental and safety related
aspects, work permit systems and safety procedures etc as per the company policy.

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Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for ensuring
sustainable operation of the proposed 2X660 MW Super Critical Thermal Power Plant. Records
will be maintained for regulatory.

Typical Environmental Management Plans - Organization chart during construction phase and O
& M are appended in Figure 9-1 & Figure 9-2 respectively for the proposed project during
construction and operation phase are summarized

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Figure 9-1 Organization Chart during Construction Phase

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Figure 9-2 Organization Chart for O & M

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In addition to the above, company will have HSE policy to adhere with standard operating
process in order to comply with the statue and bring into focus any infringement of any norms
and directives with regards to the Health, Safety and Environment and to take further corrective
actions.

9.2.8 Compliance against the Consent Condition

Compliance against the consented conditions shall be observed with respect to the following
Acts,

 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

 Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981
 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules
2016.
Table 9-1 Compliance against the Consent Condition

S.
Description Frequency Remark
No.
1. Renewal of Consent Once in 3 Application for renewal shall be done 60 days
years before the expiry date.
2. Environmental Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year
Statement before 30th September of next year.
3. Hazardous Waste Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year
Returns before 30th June of next year.
4. Cess Returns Monthly Twelve Returns would be submitted every
year.

9.2.9 Compliance to the Recommendations Mentioned In the CREP Guidelines

The Ministry of Environment & Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has launched the
Charter on "Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)" with the purpose to
go beyond the compliance of regulatory norms for prevention & control of pollution through
various measures including waste minimization, in-plant process control & adoption of clean
technologies. The Charter has set targets concerning conservation of water, energy, recovery of
chemicals, reduction in pollution, elimination of toxic pollutants, process & management of
residues that are required to be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. The Charter
enlists the action points for pollution control for various categories of highly polluting industries.
The Task Force was constituted for monitoring the progress of implementation of CREP
recommendations/ action points.

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9.2.10 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management

The roles and responsibilities of NLCIL Team are brought out inTable 9-2. These roles and
responsibilities shall have clear terms on environmental management responsibilities.

Table 9-2 Roles and Responsibilities of NLCIL Team

S.
No Component Responsibility of Industry
.
1 General No pollutant shall be released to Natural water systems that affect the
agreement common people of the region.
2 Water supply Water requirement shall be met from existing water reservoir
Groundwater shall not be contaminated by discharge of pollutants into
streams, ponds and other surface water bodies.
3 Water NLCIL adopted recycle/reuse methodologies to the maximum extent
recycle/reuse possible. (Zero Liquid discharge facility and Rain water Harvesting)
4 Wastewater The wastewater conveyance (pipeline) within NLCIL is provided
collection/
conveyance
5 Treated Monitoring of wastewater on a regular basis by NLCIL carried out as per
wastewater SOPS and regulatory standards at their respective holding for pH, TDS,
monitoring TSS, BOD &COD etc.
protocol
6 Rainwater Rainwater harvesting in NLCIL premises adopted.
harvesting
7 Waste NLCIL has independent Hazardous/Non-hazardous waste collection and
management segregation system and has a temporary storage facility for 90 days
detention which is designed as per the requirement. Wastes are periodically
disposed to nearby TSDF and approved agencies as per the Hazardous
waste Authorisation issued by TNPCB.
NLCIL shall follow “The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and
Transboundary Movement) Third Amendment Rules, 2016”.
8 Post project Thermal Power Plant specific critical pollutants shall be monitored at plant
environmental level.
monitoring Specific requirement of monitoring and carried out as a part of compliance
to CTE/CTO.
9 Stack Stack monitoring carried out by MoEF&CC approved laboratory
monitoring
10 Greenbelt Greenbelt and green areas developed in plant level as per MoEF & CC
development and CPCB guidelines.
11 Storm water Storm water collection within NLCIL provided and discharge facility into the
management common storm water drains provided.
12 Truck parking NLCIL provided on-site parking spaces for trucks/staff/Visitors etc within the
NLCIL y premises.

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Table 9-3 Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed Power Project-ConstructionPhase

Impacting Mitigationmeasuresto
IdentifiedAs Location Timing Responsi Monitoring Records
Activity pect Beprovidedfor the bility
Proposedproject-Act
ionplan

Periodic maintenance At Monthly Security

Noise of vehicles is required Security during Contractor In Log Book
generation Gate construction charge
Covering construction Photographs
material with tarpaulin Storage At all times Site with
Contractor
sheets to prevent the Area during Engineer – date –Monthly,
material from being air construction Random Air monitoring
Dust borne. Phase Checks
Transportof records
generation Security
Constructio At all times Penalty
The vehicle speed will be Plant Contractor In
n Materials- during records for
regulated. Area Charge
Constructio construction over speeding
Random
n phase phase Checks
The workers transporting
materials will At all times Site Log Book
Plant Contractor
Be provided with PPE to Area during Engineers - for distribution
reduce impact of air construction Random of PPE
borne dust on their health phase Checks

Pollution
Vehicular A periodic emission check At At all times Under Copy of
Contractor
emissions for vehicles is required. Security during Control PUC Certificate
Gate construction (PUC)
phase Certificate

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Personnel Protective Log Book

Equipment (PPE) At all times Site for
Plant Contractor
Suchas ear plugs and Area during Engineers– distribution of
helmets will be provided construction Random PPE, training
for construction workers. phase Checks records

Noise Site Attendance

The working hours will be At all times Incharge– register
Plant Contractor
Construction generation imposed on construction
Area
during Fortnight with In and
Activities workers. construction ly Out timing
phase checks
During Log Book
PPE in the form of nose Excavation and Contractor Site for
Plant
masks shall be provided storing of Engineers– distribution of
Dust Area
for construction workers. raw materials Random PPE, training
generation Checks records

Once a day at Water

Use of water sprays to Plant the time Contractor Site Consumption,
prevent the dust from Area of Engineers Log sheets,
being air borne. excavation Air
Check
and –Every EHS Check list
monitoringrecor
Check and regular week
Plant installation EHS Department for
ds
Air maintenance of Area Once and Department - Every equipments,
Emissions construction machinery maintenance and
Fortnight
from for emissions as and when maintenance
construction required records
machinery
EHS
Clean fuel will be used in and Analysis
D.G Set At all Times Contractor
D.G set (Bharat Stage IV) Maintena report of
nce ambient air
departme quality
nt

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Spill of Spill management plan Within At all times EHS Periodic Spillmanagem
Constructio the Departmen workplace ent
n material plant t monitoring andreporting
and paints documents,
Construction Sewage Channelization of Plant At all times Contractor/ EHS raw
Sewage material
Activities form the sewage from area EHS inventory,
Department generation/man
constructio construction area Department agement log
n area through network of Book.
drains

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Table 9-4 Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed Project- Operation Phase

Mitigation
Impacting Identified measures to Locatio
Timing Monitoring Records
Activity Aspect be provided n Responsibility
for the
Operation of Emission at Electrostatic
proposed Project At all EHS and Online stack Analysis reports of
plant - Air Source Precipitators,
project - site times maintenance emission stack and ambient
Environment FGD and
Action planLow during department Monitoring air
NOx burners will operation systems will be
be installed for of installed.
controlling power Stack
Particulate plant monitoring and
Matter (PM), ambient air
SO2and NOx quality
respectively to Monitoring by
meet the new authorized
emissions laboratories
standards will be adopted
stipulated for on periodical
thermal power basis as per
plants. state pollution
control board
directions.

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Stack of Project At the time EHS and Online Stack Analysis reports of
Adequate height site of maintenance monitoring stack and ambient
of 150 m/275m constructio department and ambient air
as per the CPCB n air quality
guidelines and monitoring by
environmental authorized
regulations. laboratory

Fugitive Covered belt Project At all EHS and Ambient air Analysis reports of
emissions conveyors to site times maintenance quality ambient air
transport Lignite during department monitoring Quality monitoring
from stock yard operation inside the plant
to power plant of by authorized
will be installed boiler laboratory
at the plant site.

Adequate At Lignite At all EHS Ambient air Analysis reports of

numbers of water stack times department quality ambient air
sprinkling system yard monitoring Quality monitoring
at Lignite storage inside the plant
yard by authorized
laboratory
The sprinkling of Inside At all EHS Ambient air Analysis reports of
water along the plant times department quality ambient air
internal roads in monitoring quality monitoring
the plant in order inside the plant
to control the by authorized
dust arising due laboratory
to the movement
of vehicular
traffic

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Adequately Within To be EHS Number of Area statement,

designed the developed department trees planted Log of trees
greenbelt around plant in stages and area under planted and
the plant on inside green belt photographs
premises to be and
developed as per periphery
the EMP stated of the
in this document. power
plant
Loading and Unloading of Lignite At all time EHS Ambient air Analysis reports of
unloading of Lignite trucks will storage during department quality ambient air
Lignite may be carried out area unloading monitoring Quality monitoring,
lead to with proper care, inside the plant water consumption
fugitive avoiding by authorized
emissions dropping of the laboratory
materials from
height. The
material will be
unloading,
handling and
during storage
Inside plant
moisten by
sprinkling water
while

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Operation of Generation The turbine & Turbine At all Maintenance Noise level Monthly preventive
plant - Noise from generators will and times and monitoring maintenance
Environment Turbine be provided with generato EHS inside the plant records
generator acoustic rs Department and at site
room, ID enclosures and Boundaries by
fans and housed in authorized
coal buildings that laboratory
crushing, would
cooling considerably
towers reduce the
transmission of
noise to the
outside
environment.
Noise levels
outside the TG
room will be
maintained less
than 70 dB(A) to
meet the noise
standards for
industrial areas.

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The steam Steam At all Maintenance Noise level Monthly

generator generato times and monitoring preventive
draught fans, the rs, EHS inside the plant maintenance
electrostatic air Department and at site records
precipitators and heaters boundaries by
the air heaters and ESP authorized
will be designed laboratory
to limit noise
emission
Low noiseas fanslow Inside At all Maintenance Checking of Monthly
as possible.
will be selected the times and noise levels preventive
for the cooling plant operation within the maintenance
towers so that teams facility and records
the noise levels also
at the facility mechanical
boundary well preventive
below the Maintenance
stipulated day moni toring of
noise level of 70 the equipment.
dB(A) to meet
the standards for
the industrial
areas.

Periodic At At all time Security Team Visual Log Book

maintenance of Security inspection by
vehicles. Gate Security team
Greenbelt Inside To be EHS Number of Area statement,
development the plant developed Department trees planted Log of trees
around the plant area in stages and area under planted and
boundary. on inside green belt photographs
and
periphery
of the
power
plant

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Providing High At all Maintenance Noise level Analysis reports

Mufflers/Silencer noise times and monitoring
Pads, generatin EHS inside the plant
Enclosures/room g Department and at site
s etc., to all noise machineri boundaries by
generating es authorized
machineries laboratory

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Water and Water Water Within At all Maintenance Online flow Monthly preventive
wastewater drawl from consumption in the plant times and meters will be Maintenance
environment the river, the plant will be EHS installed at the records.
pretreatment Maintained below department raw water Analysis reports of
, 3399 m3/Hr with intake, cooling water quality and
ETP recovery as tower make up wastewater
per the new and recycling quality.
wastewater power plant water lines.
generation regulations by Online COD,
and reuse of adopting various TDS and TSS
treated conservation meters will be
wastewater methods and installed on the
wastewater wastewater
recycling utilized for
programs. The greenbelt.
facility will be
adopting zero
liquid discharge
for their plant
operations.
A dedicated
sewage
treatment pl ant
will be installed
and treated
sewage will be
utilized for
greenbelt and
horticulture
applications

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Fly ash Bottom ash Bottom ash will Within At all Maintenance Test wells Fly ash disposal
generation and fly ash be stored in the the plant times and (ground water) records and
and generation ash pond and fly EHS will be installed ground water
utilization ash will be department at the fly quality monitoring
disposed to ash pond area reports
various agencies. for
A suitably monitoring the
designed fly ash quality of
management the ground
plan and fly ash water from
pond has been time to time.
designed.
Hazardous Used oils Used oil will be Within Periodical Maintenance Plant records and
waste from the collected in the plant and hazardous waste
machines drums and will be EHS Authorization from
disposed to pollution control
authorized board.
recycling
vendors.

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9.3 Summary of Proposed Pollution Control Measures

The proposed technology for the proposed project is an environmental friendly technology with
a reduced carbon foot print and water footprint when compared with conventional power plants
that are in operation in the current day of operation. The following environmental management
plan will be adopted at deign an operational phase of the proposed project. About Rs. 1123.71
Cr has been allocated for implementing various pollution control systems and alsoother
management programs.
Air Pollution control programs – In order to meet the new power plant standards, NLCIL
proposed to install higher efficiency electrostatic precipitators to meet the emission level below
30 mg/Nm3.The envisaged uncontrolled SO2 emissions from each boiler will be in order of 5775
Kg/hr. In order to meet the new power plant standards, a flue gas desulfurization unit (FGD) will
be installed to remove about 95% of the SO2emissions from the power plant. Similarly, low NOx
burners to maintain NOx levels below 100 mg/Nm3as per the new power plant emission
standards. The peak predicted ground level concentration of SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter
due to release of controlled emissions was reported to be in the order of 1.5 µg/m3. The
cumulative resultant post project baseline scenario will be below the stipulated NAAQ
standards. These predicted concentrations will be 8 to 10 folds lower than that of the
uncontrolled emission scenario.

Water and Wastewater Management Plan- the proposed power plant will be operated on dry
fly ash handling system and hence the overall water consumption will be limited to 2.49
m3/MWHR against 4 m3/MWHR in the case of conventional power plants in tropical regions.
Total fresh water demand in the facility will be in the order of 3299 m3/hr (79, 224 KLD). Water
source will be Ground water and storm water to be sourced from NLCILMine through TPS-II to
Reservoir. Majority of the water will be used as make up for the cooling tower. The following
environmental management plans will be adopted: (1). Adopting good water quality for cooling
water make up there by reducing the blow-down losses, (2). Reuse of cooling tower blow down
for bottom ash handling, fly ash conditioning, make up to the evaporation losses in the ash pond
area etc. In order to achieve zero liquid discharge (complete reuse of treated wastewater in the
plant), suitably designed Reverse Osmos is plant will be installed to treat the cooling tower blow
down, (3) other stream wastewater if any will be collected in a collection pit and will be
subjected to neutralization and will be reused for ash conditioning and bottom ash handling
operations, (4). Any excess utilized wastewater will be collected in a lined polishing pond and
will be reused in the plant based on the main plant demand, (5). Online pollutant monitoring

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system will be installed on the treated wastewater line of the polishing pond as per the CPCB
guidelines, (6). Sewage generated from the domestic needs (canteen & Township etc) will be
treated in a dedicated sewage treatment plant and reused for greenbelt development, gardening
and horticulture applications within the project site.
9.4 Rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting from Roof Tops using Ferro Cements Tanks
The system of harvesting water from rooftops is useful mainly for drinking water purposes. In
this system rain water falling on the roofs can be collected through a system of pipes and semi-
circular channel of galvanized iron or PVC and is stored in tanks in a suitably sized storage tank
for providing sufficient water for reasonably long duration.

On the rooftop, as well as at the entry to the tanks simple filters are placed to remove dust and
other particles. A simple diversion system is provided to keep out dirt from season’s first rain or
rain after a long gap, which may bring along accumulated dirt form the roof.

The package of rain water harvesting provides a system of pipes for collecting rainwater from
roofs and a 3000 lites ferro cement. tank for each household. The choice of ferro cement for
tank construction is guided by consideration of optimizing cost and performance characteristics.
If cheaper options with equal strength and longevity are available else where these can be
adopted after due consultation with the beneficiaries.

Needless to say if the present capacity of the tank is found inadequate and necessity for larger
capacity tank is subsequently felt for the villagers who find the technology suitable another
storage tank of similar or slightly larger capacity 5000 ltr can be provided.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 257
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Table 9-5 Rain water harvesting Layout

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 258
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Table 9-6 Rain water harvesting Recharge pit Section

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 259
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Secondary Air Damper Control (SADC) System

SADC system shall be provided to achieve the following functions

i. Control of fuel air flow.

ii. Control of auxiliary air flow at the oil elevations.
iii. Control of wind box/furnace differential pressure.
iv. Limit NOX content in the flue gas by modulating overfire dampers,
if provided.
Table 9-7 Major components of Control and Instrumentation system in Central Control
Room

CONTROL ROOM INTERFAC

E WITH
S. SYSTEM / CONTROL
Local DDCMIS INTERFACE
NO. PACKAGE SYSTEM
control CCR (FOR
room MONITORI
NG ONLY)
Lignite 1 No. EWS cum OWS
handling + 2 No. OWS
system + 1 No. A4 Size LJP
including B/W
Dust + 1 No. A3 Size LJP
Extraction CHP Colour
system, Dust LCR + 1 No. LAPTOP
Suppression (Near + 2 Nos. LVS Screen
1 BOP DCS YES YES
system, Crushe
Service r
Water House)
System,
Potable
Water
System, etc.

1 No. Panel Mounted

OWS & control desk
Stacker - S-R with joysticks, push
Through
1b Reclaimer SR PLC Machin - buttons / switches
BOP DCS
system e + 1 No. LAPTOP
+ 1 No. EWS / OWS at
E-House

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 260
 M/s. NLC India Limited

CONTROL ROOM INTERFAC

E WITH
S. SYSTEM / CONTROL
Local DDCMIS INTERFACE
NO. PACKAGE SYSTEM
control CCR (FOR
room MONITORI
NG ONLY)
Ash Handling
Plant
including silo
loading /
unloading HMI will be common for
system, all the three units :
HCSD 1 No. EWS cum OWS
System, + 3 No. OWS
Clarifier & AHP + 1 No. A4 Size LJP
2 BOP DCS YES YES
Dosing LCR B/W
system + 1 No. A3 Size LJP
(Treatment Colour
System) for + 3 Nos. Large Screen
Ash Water + 1 No. LAPTOP
System, Fly
Ash System,
Bottom Ash
System
Relay Based Local
Control Panel with
Ash Supply
Annunciation Windows,
Water AWRS
2a PLC - - Hardwired Mimic, PBs,
Recovery LCR
Indicating lamps,
System
Selector Switches, etc.

1 OWS +1EOWS in
Mill reject
Local CCR + 1 MIMIC
3 handling PLC DDCMIS NA
based Control Desk.
plant

1 OWS in Local control

Fuel Oil
room + 1 MIMIC based
4 handling and BOP DCS YES Yes None
control desk.
storage

Fire Microprocess 1).1 OWS+1EOWS+ 1

Detection & or based MIMIC based LCP for
5 YES YES None
protection detection, Fire protection system
system+ Fire BOP DCS 2) 1 GUI based monitor

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 261
 M/s. NLC India Limited

CONTROL ROOM INTERFAC

E WITH
S. SYSTEM / CONTROL
Local DDCMIS INTERFACE
NO. PACKAGE SYSTEM
control CCR (FOR
room MONITORI
NG ONLY)
water pumps based pump in CCR
controls and
solid state
annunciation
Raw water May Be clubbed with
and Pre- DM plant BOP DCS
6 BOP DCS YES No None
treatment
Plant
DM Plant 1 No. EWS cum OWS
including DM + 2 No. OWS
& + 1 No. A4 Size LJP
Condensate B/W
Transfer DM + 1 No. LAPTOP
7 Pumps, BOP DCS Plant YES YES + 1 No. OWS* in CCR
Hotwell LCR
Makeup
Pumps,
Boiler Fill
Pumps, etc.
CW 1 OWS+1EOWS+ 1
Chlorination MIMIC based LCP in
8 System & PLC YES No None Local control room
Chemical
dosing
Raw Control Panel with
Water Hard-wired Mimic, Push
Raw Water Treatm Buttons, Indicating
9 Chlorination PLC ent YES YES Lamps, Alarm Facia
System Plant Windows, etc
Buildin + 1 No. LAPTOP
g
MIMIC based LCP in
Effluent
local control room, 1
10 Treatment BOP DCS YES YES None
OWS+ 1EOWS in CCR
plant

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 262
 M/s. NLC India Limited

CONTROL ROOM INTERFAC

E WITH
S. SYSTEM / CONTROL
Local DDCMIS INTERFACE
NO. PACKAGE SYSTEM
control CCR (FOR
room MONITORI
NG ONLY)
All drive logics in
Microprocessor based
LCP which is part of
Microprocess Soft link
Compressed compressor skid. Only
11 or based YES YES &Hard
air system start/stop from DDCMIS
(Redundant) wired
and standby
compressor start,
loads/unloads
Hydrog 1 No. EWS cum OWS
Hydrogen Hydrogen en + 1 No. OWS
12 Generation Generation Genera - YES + 1 No. A4 Size LJP
Plant PLC tion B/W
LCR + 1 No. LAPTOP
PLC 1 OWS+1EOWS in
Air
(COMMON local control room
conditioning
13 FOR AC& YES NO None
system &
Ventilation
ventilation
system)
MIMIC based Local
control desk in local
CW&ACW
14 DDCMIS YES DDCMIS None control room,
SYSTEM
1 EOWS connected to
RIO panel
MIMIC based Local
control desk in local
DMCW
15 DDCMIS NO Yes None control room,
System
1 EOWS connected to
RIO panel
16 COLTCS DDCMIS NO YES None
Self -
17 cleaning DDCMIS NO YES None
strainer
One OEWS in DM LCR
18 CPU DDCMIS - YES None
for regeneration

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 263
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Vision towards the Environmental Protection & Pollution Control

This Policy has a vision of Green Company with 100% compliance of environmental statutes
applicable to integrated lignite / coal mining and thermal power generation. By thinking globally and
acting locally NLC plays an active role in society to address emerging global environmental issues
such as climate change, desertification, biodiversity etc. while committed to economic
development.

Lignite firedthermal power station contributestoenvironmental pollution as follows:

a) Atmospheric pollution throughparticulateand gaseousemissions.
b) Thermalpollutionofthesurroundings.
c) Pollutiondueto discharge ofliquidandsolidwastes.
d) Noise pollution.
To achieve better performance of the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2x660 MW
Supercritical Lignite Based), the following pollution control and abatement measures are
envisaged.

 Optimization/minimization of plant consumption water.

 Recycle and reuse of wastewater to achieve ZLD.
 Adopting the good environmental management practices as per the applicable
guidelines and achieving 100% compliance with regulations,
 Providing 150 m/ 275 m (1 no.) Twin Flue RCC Stack with high efficiency ESP will be
provided to control particulate matter to less than 30 mg/Nm3.
 Adopting new norms for Thermal Power Plant notified by the MoEF & CC on
7.12.20215.
 Dry fly ash handling system and achieving 100% fly ash utilization as per the
MOEF&CC fly ash utilizationnotification
 Greenbelt will be developed covering 160 acres of land area (26.4 % of plot area) in
and around the plant area.
 Surveillance of all important environmental parameters on a continuous basis and
application of correctivemeasures.

Vision towards CSR

NLC India Limited (NLCIL), hereinafter referred as “Company” has been carrying out peripheral
developmental activities for betterment of communities in the surrounding villages since inception.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 264
 M/s. NLC India Limited

The company imbibes Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as one of its core values as reflected
in the company’s Vision statement & Values. Company’s Vision - To emerge as a leading Mining
and Power Company, with Social Responsiveness accelerating Nation’s growth.
 To become an integral part of the local communities and encouraging social, economic
and cultural aspects in the region through a sustained and need based Corporate
Social Responsibility programs
 CSR activities will be taken up to fulfill the basic requirements of the people in the area.
The basic requirements of the community needs will be strengthened by extending
health care; educatio nal facilities will be improved.
 To participate in various CSR activities like infrastructure development,education,
medical facilities, self-employment, community development and awareness programmes,
vocational training in and around the project site.
 The proposed power plant will provide direct and indirect employment to many people
based on their qualification, skill sets and experience
Major components of Control and Instrumentation system in Central Control Room

 Boiler, Turbine, regenerative cycle and few Balance of plant (BOP) packages are
controlled from single Distributed digital Control, monitoring and information System
(DDCMIS).
 Other BOP packages are controlled from separate DCS/PLC systems
 Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation system for STG and BFP Turbine.
 Vibration monitoring and Analysis system for major plant auxiliaries.
 Steam and Water Analysis System (SWAS)
 Off site Package control system
 Stack Emission Monitoring
 Close Circuit Television (CCTV) System
 Field Instrumentation
 Instrumentation & special cables
 Maintenance and Calibration Instruments
The plant layout has been developed with due optimization of land, maintenance space required,
wind rose pattern of the area & approach to the plant from nearest available National Highway.

 Main plant area including boiler and turbine units for 2x660 MW units with space for
additional 2x660 MW units.
 Storagespacefor secondary fuel.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 265
 M/s. NLC India Limited

 Greenbeltallaroundthe plant.
 Administrative building.
 Space for pre-assembly & laydown area has been identified by NLCIL at a distance of
about 2 Kms from project site.
 Lignite storage and handling system to be located in mine area 12.4 km from the
project site.
 Ash dumparea.
 Dedicated Raw Water Reservoir.

A township for 500 dwellings is proposed at a suitable location in the project vicinity.

 Need based baseline survey is being carried out in and around the operating regions of
NLCIL Projects. Accordingly, NLCIL is choosing the CSR activities as per Schedule VII
of Companies Act 2013 and implementing the activities on priority basis for the
development of local people.

 Employable youths from local and peripheral villages are being given training in various
Skills for eventual employment in the Project during construction and operation phases.

 NLCIL is preparing detailed CSR Plan and Budget every year in line with the norms
framed under Section 135 of Companies Act 2013 and DPE guide lines issued from time
to time. Accordingly, the CSR activities are being carried out on various areas as per
Schedule VII.

 CSR activities are being monitored by the CSR Committee of the Board. A separate
Department comprising of Executives & Staff is functioning exclusively to monitor the
execution of CSR activities to achieve the targets as per timeline.

 Evaluation & Impact assessment of CSR activities are being carried out by engaging
external agencies to ensure sustainability of the activities/projects developed. Yearly
Auditing of CSR activities is being done by Government resident Audit officials and their
observations are being complied. The year wise details of CSR activities along with the
expenditure incurred are being published in the Annual Report of the company.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 266
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Table 9-8 Proposed Budget for Environmental Management Plan

Capital Cost Rs in
S.No Item
Cr
1 Electrostatic Precipitator 172.44
2 Chimney 55.25
3 Cooling Tower incl. Civil Works 105.21
4 Ash handling incl. AWRS 213.31
5 Dust Extraction & Suppression System 4
6 DM Plant waste treatment systems 4
7 Sewerage collection, treatment &disposal 3
8 Environmental Lab, equipment 1.5
9 Landscaping, Green Belt and 5
HabitatConservation
10 FGD System 560
Total 1123.71

Reccuring cost will be Rs. 140.46 Cr

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 267
 M/s. NLC India Limited

CHAPTER – 10
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 268
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Chapter 10 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

10.1 Summary

Based on the information stated in the project report of NLCIL and also an independentassessment
on the baseline environmental status and also prediction of impacts the following conclusions are
made by the EIA consulting organization and study team:
 The Thermal Power Station – II Second Expansion Project ( 2x660MW Supercritical -
Lignite based)t will be adopting the new power plant regulations byinstalling efficient
pollution control systems and FGD and hence the emissions of SO2from the power plant
will be several folds lower than that of the current power plant emission scenario in India.
This will further help to achieve very low ground level concentration of SO2, NOx and PM
during the operational phase without any appreciable change from the background levels.
 The proposed project as per the new power plant regulations and also it has been
proposed to completely recyle and reuse the waste water generated from the plant. Hence
the possible impacts on the ecological and biological environment in the surface water
bodies in the region will be insignificant.
 NLCIL intends to spend 2% of net profit towards various CSR programs in coming years,
which will benefit the local people in several folds and the social and cultural environmental
will be enhanced. The project will given an impetus to induced industrial growth in region.
 The proposed project is structured to be in line with the requirements of MoEF&CC/CPCB.

An environmental Impact Assessment Study has been carried out and assessed for the
proposed project based on the TOR and baseline quality data collected for the study area.
Identification and anticipation of the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed project
with a delineation of appropriate impact mitigation measures in an Environmental Management
plan during both construction and operation phases is provided in the EIA report prepared.

The proposed project will ensure that the industrial activities relevant to the project are
environmentally sound with no adverse impacts posed on the natural environment in the
surrounding area.

The marginal impacts that might be caused by the proposed activity will be mitigated by the
existing pollution control and environmental management measures.

In a true and a larger sense, in view of the considerable benefits from the project with no major
impacts, the proposed project is said to be more beneficial to the nation.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 269
 M/s. NLC India Limited

The EMP that will be implemented for the construction and operation stages of the project will
include:

 Air Pollution control and management

 Noise Control and Management
 Hazardous and Solid waste Management
 Sewage treatment and Management
 Effluent treatment and Management
 Hazardous and solid waste management
 DMP (Risk Assessment, Onsite and Offsite emergency Plan)

In order to effectively implement the EMP planned, an environmental management system will
be formulated.

10.2 Conclusion

The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the surrounding area are well within
the permissible limits.

Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-project and
post-project phases are anticipated and the necessary Environmental Management Plan has
been formulated to address the impacts.

The project positively leads to commercial business opportunities, Employment opportunities,

increased revenue and infrastructural development.

Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution control
and mitigation measures, the proposed project can proceed without any significant negative
impacts on the environment.

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 270
 M/s. NLC India Limited

CHAPTER – 11
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 271
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Chapter 11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

In order to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the TPS – II Second Expansion
Project (2x660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) by M/s. NLC India Limited at Mudanai,
Kunankurichi, Uthangal Villages, Virdhachalam Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu State,
India.NCLIL has engaged Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited, Chennai to undertake EIA
study. The nature of consultancy service rendered covers terrestrial environmental assessment.

11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited (HECS)

Enviro Care Systems was started in the year of 1997 by Dr. J.R.Moses with the vision to serve
the world in all environmental related problems by completing the latest technological
advancements available.

In the year 2004, Enviro Care Systems became Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd after
having collaboration with Hubert Stavoren B.V. for higher Technology.

The company provides total pollution control solutions to several industries like Thermal Power
Plant, Pharma, R&D Facilities, Electroplating and Manufacturing, IT Parks, Residential
Complexes, Dairies, Food Processing, Textile mills, Breweries, etc.

The company is specialized in executing projects right from concept development, supply,
erection, commissioning and operation on turnkey basis. HECS has successfully executed more
than 200 environmental engineering projects for various industrial sectors both in India and
overseas.

HECS has state-of-art facilities to provide quality environmental consultancy and engineering
solutions.

Strengths of HECS

Number of Employees
Total no of Employees : 674
No of Employees engaged in EIA : 105
Consultancy : 25
Laboratory : 80
Projects : 13
Operation & Maintenance : 556

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 272
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Quality Policy of HECS

QCI-NABET - EIA Accreditation

Consultancy Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai

NABET Certificate No NABET/EIA/1619/RA0083

F. No. Q-15018/13/2016-CPW)
MoEFF Reg. Lab

National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) is a constituent board of the
Quality Council of India (QCI). QCI, NABET has accredited HECS for carrying out Category ‘A &
Category B’ EIA studies in the following sectors:

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 273
 M/s. NLC India Limited

Further details may be seen on the following URL: www.hecs.in

EIA for the TPS – II Second Expansion Project (2X660 MW Supercritical - Lignite Based) at Neyveli 274