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Tightening torque standard of bolts

2022-02-10 No Comments Epower Metals Machining solutions

This article will list the tightening torque standards of various screws. When the user does not

specify the tightening torque requirements, the standards we refer to.

It should be emphasized that: tightening torque and destructive torque are two concepts, and

tightening force (torque) refers to the recommended value of screws screwed into the workpiece;
Breaking torque (i.e. breaking torque) refers to the minimum value of breaking the screw (see the

breaking torque standard of fasteners gb3098.13 for details). Obviously, the tightening torque is less

than the breaking torque.

This is the tightening torque of ordinary bolts:

Table of Contents [hide]

 This is the tightening torque of ordinary bolts:

 Continued from the above table:

 Tightening torque of metric bolts Q / STB 12.521.5-2000

 Selection of bolt preload and check of bolt strength

 1. Selection of bolt preload

 1.1 reasonable selection of preload

 2. Reasonable selection of bolt specifications

 3. Strength calculation

 3.1 bolted connections in the manual

 3.2 strength calculation of bolt connection in vdi2230 standard

 4. Conclusion

Bolt Yield Nominal diameter of bolt  mm

strengt strength
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
h N/
grade mm2 Tightening torque   N.m
4.8 240 4-5 10-12 20-25 36-45 55-70 90- 120- 170-
5 30 5 1 2 4 7 110 150 210
 1 1 2
10- 50- 10-
0-90
5-55 140 190 270
9
.6 0 -7 2-15 5-32 5 1 1 2
3-124
6 48 7 1 3 8-78 45- 99- 82-
1
.8 0 -9 7-23 3-45 7 193 264 376
24-
8 64 9 2 4 8-104 1 2 3
165
.8 0 -12 2-30 5-59 1 93- 64- 76-
1
1 90 1 3 6 10- 257 354 502
80-
0.9 0 3-16 0-36 5-78 130 2 3 5
201
1 10 1 3 7 1 80- 80- 40-
2
2.9 80 6-21 8-51 5-100 31- 330 450 650
09-
175 3 4 6
278
26- 48- 35-
434 597 847

Continued from the above table:

Bolt Yield Nominal diameter of bolt     mm

strengt strength
22 24 27 30 33 36 39
h N/
grade mm2 Tightening torque    N.m
900- 928-
670-
540- 1100 1237
450- 880
230- 300- 680 11 11
530 82
4.8 290 377 68 20- 60-
55 5-1100
5. 2 37 0-850 1400 1546
0-700 13
6 240 90-350 0-450 96 16 15
71 19-
6. 300 3 48 9-1293 94- 59-
4-952 1759
8 480 84-512 8-650 12 2259 2079
95 17
8. 640 5 65 93- 22 29
2-1269 59-
8 900 12-683 1-868 1723 59- 23-
14 2345
1 108 7 94 17 3012 3898
00- 24
0.9 0 40-880 0-1120 00- 28 41
1650 73-
1 8 10 2000 00- 11-
16 3298
2.9 64- 98- 21 3350 5481
06- 29
1152 1464 81- 38 49
2142 68-
2908 12- 33-
3958
5082 6577

Tightening torque of metric bolts Q / STB 12.521.5-2000

Scope: this standard is applicable to the tightening torque of bolts with mechanical properties of

grade 10.9 and specifications from M6-M39. This standard is not applicable to bolts with

nylon washers, sealing washers and other non-metallic washers.

Material 45, 35CrMo or equivalent
Nominal diameter Range Nm(kgfm) Target Nm(kgfm)
 of thread（mm）
M6 8.8-14.7(0.9-1.5) 12(1.2)
M8 14.7-34(1.5-3.5) 25(2.5)
M10 34-74(3.5-7.5) 54(5.5).
M12 54-123(5.5-12.5) 89(9.0)
M14 84-196(8.5-20) 137(14)
M16 147-309(15.0-31.5) 230(23.5)
M18 201-427(20.5-43.5) 315(32)
M20 319-608(32.5-62.0) 460(47)
M22 471-829(48.0-84.5) 650(66.5)
M24 588-1030(60-105) 810(82.5)
M27 883-1470(90-150) 1180(120)
M30 1130-1910(115-195) 1520(155)
M33 1470-2450(150-250) 1960(200)
M36 1860-3040(190-310) 2450(250)
M39 2260-3630(230-370) 2940（300）

Note: if there are clear torque requirements in the design drawings, they shall be implemented

according to the requirements of the drawings.

Appendix:

Selection of bolt preload and check of bolt strength

Bolts, as connectors, are widely used. Most of them are used in locomotives, aerospace and wind

turbines with high strength and high stress, while most of the main components of passenger cars

are used in low stress cycle, but there are still great hidden dangers. From a safety point of view, the

components connected by bolts are very expensive. Therefore, when the bolts fail, the damage is

not only their own, but the whole product.

Bolt connection is an important application in automobile assembly. According to relevant data, there

are usually about 1500 ~ 2000 threaded fasteners on the engine, with more than 100 varieties and

specifications ranging from M6 ~ M30, of which about 100 are closely related to the safety of the

vehicle. As the most important bolt specification and preload selection in the assembly process,

there are theoretical deficiencies and misunderstandings.

Whether threaded fasteners are used as connections or seals, or sub parts that need to be

assembled, they all have a certain yield limit. In the assembly process, if the preload is too large and

the deformation of the part exceeds the yield strength of the part, the part will damage the ring.

Therefore, for the assembly to work stably and effectively for a long time, the designer must carry

out standardized design for the bolt preload.

1. Selection of bolt preload

As an important connecting piece, the bolt must be tightened when the assembly is installed. Before

the connection bears the working load, it is under the action of force in advance. This pre added

force is the pre tightening force; The purpose of pre tightening is to enhance the reliability and

tightness of the connection and prevent the gap or relative slip between the connectors due to the

force on the assembly mounting parts during operation. Therefore, in the design of the assembly, the

size of the pre tightening force must be standardized.

1.1 reasonable selection of preload

In professional bolt fastening assembly, standard wrenches are generally equipped, and wrenches

of different lengths are used for bolts with different diameter specifications. The wrench length is

about 15 times of the bolt diameter. On this basis, the use of professional mechanical tools can

reflect the accurate tightening torque and achieve the quantitative preload, which is particularly

important for some key and important parts. Once a large-size long wrench is used to tighten a

small-size bolt, it will often lead to over tightening, damage the part itself and failure of the whole

connecting member.

When tightening the nut, two or more parts are compressed and the parts themselves are

compressed. Like the compression deformation of the spring, the parts themselves will produce a

great force on the contact surface between the nut and the bolt and the assembly. This force will

cause the bolt to undergo tensile deformation. After calculation, the stress is 1.3 times of the simple
axial tension, When the tensile stress produced by the bolt exceeds the strength limit of the material,

the bolt is broken. It is very unscientific to fasten bolts only according to the experience of operators

for mass-produced products. When tightening small bolts with a long wrench, pay more attention to

the preload to avoid excessive preloading.

When using a standard wrench, the applied force can refer to table 1.

Table 1 reference value of length and applied force of common specification bolt wrench
Bolt
M5 M6 M8 M12 M16 M20 M2A M30 M36
diameter d(mml
Standard
wrench 75 90 120 180 2A0 300 360 450 540
length Llmml
 Apply
40 48 65 100 130 170 200 250 300
force F0[N)

1.2 torque value of bolts with common specifications

Table 2 lists the tightening torque values corresponding to different performance grades of some

common specification bolts.

For designers, how much pre tightening force is required at the connection to meet the working

requirements of the parts and not less than the safety stress of the bolt, so it is necessary to

calculate the minimum stress required at the location and use this value to select the appropriate

bolt fasteners. The upper limit of the pre tightening force applied on the bolt fastener depends on the

yield strength of the bolt fastener, and the lower limit depends on the minimum pre tightening force
required to meet the work needs.

Table 2 tightening torque values of bolts with common specifications

Performance level（GB/T3098.1-2010)
Stress 4.8 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
Diameter sectional RPf/MPa(mm²] RP0.2/MPa(mm²)
specification  area
（mm） As(mm D≤16:64
²) 0
340 430 480 720 940 1100
D>16;
660
Coarse thread
M8 36.6 13.9 17.2 19.6 26.2 29.5 38.5 45
M10 58 27.6 341 38.9 51.9 58.4 76.3 89.3
101.
M12 84.3 48.1 59.4 67.9 90.6 133.1 155.7
9
108. 162.
M14 115 76.6 94.6 144.2 211.8 247.9
1 2
119. 168. 253.
M16 157 147.7 225 330.5 386.8
5 8 2
Fine thread
M8*1 39.2 14.9 18.4 21 28 31.6 41.2 48.2
M10*1 64.5 30.7 37.9 43.3 57.7 65 84.8 99.3
M10*1.25 61.2 29.1 35.9 41.1 54.8 61.6 80.5 94.2
111. 145.4
M12*1.25 92.1 52.6 61.9 74.2 99 170.2
4 .
106.
M12*1.5 88.1 50.3 62.1 71 94.7 139.1 162.8
5
117. 176.
M14*1.5 125 83.3 102.9 156.8 230.3 269.5
6 4
 127. 179. 269.
M16*1.5 167 157.1 239.4 351.6 411.4
1 5 3

2. Reasonable selection of bolt specifications

The assembly of rolling stock, mechanical equipment and automobile is an important link to realize

the production of assembly parts, especially large assembly parts. The connection between parts is

usually realized by bolts, especially the bolts in key parts. Its connection quality determines the

reliability of assembly parts. Because the value of the preload applied by the bolt affects the

connection quality of the thread, it is very important to select the appropriate bolt specification on the

premise of ensuring the appropriate preload assembly. For threaded fasteners, their performance
parameters change within a certain range, so there is basically a reference value. Therefore, the

designer must consider whether the bolt specification at the fastening connection meets the working

strength requirements in terms of performance.

3. Strength calculation

3.1 bolted connections in the manual

The current bolt strength analysis in the automotive industry is basically based on the theoretical

calculation (Mechanical Design Manual). Due to the high strength margin required by the safety

factor, the strength of the selected bolt will be much higher than the required strength. When

calculating, first determine the stress of the bolt according to the connection type, assembly, load

state and other conditions, Then calculate the diameter of the dangerous section of the bolt or check

its strength according to the corresponding strength conditions.

When the bolt is connected and assembled, the tensile strength condition of the dangerous section

of the bolt is:

Where F2 is the total tension of the bolt, F0 is the pretightening force of the bolt, where is the relative

stiffness of the bolt, and the value is 0.2-0.3.

3.2 strength calculation of bolt connection in vdi2230 standard

Vdi2230 “strength check of system calculation of high strength bolt connection” standard has been

widely used in Germany and other countries. It is applicable to the strength check of high strength
bolts. This standard is used to check the working stress under the maximum load.

Vdi2230 standard pays more attention to the size of each section of the bolt itself in terms of

checking the bolt strength, and takes into account the bolt torsional stress caused by preload and

the thread friction coefficient. Compared with the roughly enlarged relative stiffness coefficient in the

mechanical design manual, this standard effectively reduces the waste of strength.

4. Conclusion

Threaded fasteners are widely used in rolling stock, aerospace, wind turbine and automobile, but the

attention to high-strength bolts is far from enough. Accidents caused by bolt fracture have occurred

frequently in recent years. It can be seen that although the bolts are small, their position is key.

Major companies, especially international brands, are also very strict in the selection and design of

high-strength bolts, However, accidents also occur due to insufficient bolt strength, which should

arouse our attention to the design process. Compared with the calculation method in the mechanical

design manual, the German vdi-2230 standard for systematic calculation and strength verification of

high strength bolted connections pays more attention to the effective utilization of strength. Details

such as temperature, section change and friction coefficient are considered in the calculation, which

provides closer support for the strength verification of bolts.

bolts , Tightening torque standard of bolts
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