Creative

Technologies
Q1L1: Power Supply and Primary Element
 Learning Competencies

• Discuss concepts of Robotics Technology (SSP_TLE-CT10PSPE -Ia-b-1.1)

• Identify the different types of robots and its uses (SSP_ TLE-CT10PSPE -Ia-b-
2.1)

• Design robots for specific purpose (SSP_ TLE-CT10PSPE -Ic-e-2.2)

• Select appropriate robotics sensors according to requirements of the chosen

robotic design (digital inputs, analog inputs, sensor devices, mechanical sensors,
inductive sensors, capacitive sensor) (SSP_ TLE-CT10PSPE -Id-j-3.1)
Activity 1. Let’s Solve the
Puzzle
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Robotics is an
interdisciplinary
field that integrates
computer science
and engineering.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
•Robotics involves design,
construction, operation, and
use of robots.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
•The goal of robotics is to
design machines that can
help and assist humans.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Robotics integrates fields of mechanical
engineering, electrical engineering,
information engineering, mechatronics,
electronics, bioengineering, computer
engineering, control engineering, software
engineering, mathematics, among others.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
•Robotics develops machines
that can substitute for
humans and replicate human
actions.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Robots can be used in many situations for many
purposes, but today many are used in dangerous
environments (including inspection of radioactive
materials, bomb detection and deactivation),
manufacturing processes, or where humans
cannot survive (e.g. in space, underwater, in high
heat, and clean up and containment of hazardous
materials and radiation).
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Robots can take on any form, but some
are made to resemble humans in
appearance. This is claimed to help in
the acceptance of robots in certain
replicative behaviors which are usually
performed by people.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
Such robots attempt to replicate walking,
lifting, speech, cognition, or any other
human activity. Many of today's robots
are inspired by nature, contributing to the
field of bio-inspired robotics.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Certain robots require user input to operate
while other robots’ function autonomously.
The concept of creating robots that can
operate autonomously dates back to
classical times, but research into the
functionality and potential uses of robots did
not grow substantially until the 20th century.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Throughout history, it has been frequently
assumed by various scholars, inventors,
engineers, and technicians that robots will
one day be able to mimic human behavior
and manage tasks in a human-like fashion.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field,
as technological advances continue;
researching, designing, and building
new robots serve various practical
purposes, whether domestically,
commercially, or militarily.
 BASICS OF ROBOTICS
TECHNOLOGY
• Many robots are built to do jobs that are
hazardous to people, such as defusing
bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins,
and exploring mines and shipwrecks.
Robotics is also used in STEM (science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics)
as a teaching aid.
 ROBOTICS
• The word robotics was derived
from the word robot, which
was introduced to the public by
Czech writer Karel Čapek in
his play R.U.R. (Rossum's
Universal Robots), which was
KAREL CAPEK
published in 1920
ORIGIN OF THE WORD ROBOT
• The word robot comes from the Slavic
word robota, which means slave/servant.
The play begins in a factory that makes
artificial people called robots, creatures
who can be mistaken for humans – very
similar to the modern ideas of androids.
 ORIGIN OF THE WORD
ROBOT
• Karel Čapek himself did not coin the
word. He wrote a short letter in
reference to an etymology in the Oxford
English Dictionary in which he named
his brother Josef Čapek as its actual
originator.
 ORIGIN OF THE WORD
ROBOT
• According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word
robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his
science fiction short story "Liar!", published in May
1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. Asimov was
unaware that he was coining the term; since the
science and technology of electrical devices is
electronics, he assumed robotics already referred to
the science and technology of robots.
 ORIGIN OF THE WORD
ROBOT
• In some of Asimov's other works, he states that
the first use of the word robotics was in his short
story Runaround (Astounding Science Fiction,
March 1942), where he introduced his concept of
The Three Laws of Robotics. However, the original
publication of "Liar!" predates that of "Runaround"
by ten months, so the former is generally cited as
the word's origin.
 ROBOT
• A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material,
parts, tools, or specialized devices through
various programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of task.
 PROPERTIES OF ROBOTS
• 1. Robots all consist of some sort of mechanical
construction. The mechanical aspect of a robot
helps it complete tasks in the environment for
which it’s designed. For example, the Mars 2020
Rover’s wheels are individually motorized and
made of titanium tubing that help it firmly grip the
harsh terrain of the red planet.
 PROPERTIES OF ROBOTS
• 2. Robots need electrical components
that control and power the machinery.
Essentially, an electric current (a battery,
for example) is needed to power a large
majority of robots.
 PROPERTIES OF ROBOTS
• 3. Robots contain at least some level of
computer programming. Without a set of
code telling it what to do, a robot would just
be another piece of simple machinery.
Inserting a program into a robot gives it the
ability to know when and how to carry out a
task.
 ASIMOV’S THREE LAWS
• 1. A robot may not injure a human
being or, through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm.
 ASIMOV’S THREE LAWS
• 2. A robot must obey the orders
given it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict
with the First Law.
 ASIMOV’S THREE LAWS
• 3. A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or
Second Laws.
 EARL CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• One of the first instances of a
mechanical device built to regularly
carry out a particular physical task
occurred around 3000 B.C
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
•Egyptian water clocks used
human figurines to strike the
hour bells.
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• In 400 B.C., Archytas of
Taremtum, inventor of
the pulley and the
screw, also invented a
wooden pigeon that
Archytas Steam Powered Pigeon
could fly.
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• Hydraulically-operated statues that
could speak, gesture, and prophecy
were commonly constructed in
Hellenic Egypt during the second
century B.C.
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• In the first century A.D., Petronius Arbiter
made a doll that could move like a human
being.
• Giovanni Torriani created a wooden robot
that could fetch the Emperor's daily bread
from the store in 1557.
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• The 19th century was also filled
with new robotic creations, such
as a talking doll by Edison and a
steam-powered robot by
Canadians.
 EARLY CONCEPTS OF
ROBOTS
• Although these inventions throughout
history may have planted the first seeds of
inspiration for the modern robot, the
scientific progress made in the 20th century
in the field of robotics surpass previous
advancements a thousandfold.
 THE FIRST MODERN
ROBOTS
• The earliest robots as we know them were created
in the early 1950s by George C. Devol, an inventor
from Louisville, Kentucky. He invented and
patented a reprogrammable manipulator called
"Unimate," from "Universal Automation." For the
next decade, he attempted to sell his product in the
industry, but did not succeed.
 THE FIRST MODERN
ROBOTS
• In the late 1960s, businessman/engineer Joseph
Engleberger acquired Devol's robot patent and was
able to modify it into an industrial robot and form a
company called Unimation to produce and market
the robots. For his efforts and successes,
Engleberger is known in the industry as "the Father
of Robotics.
JOSEPH ENGLEBERGER
 JOSEPH ENGLEBERGER
• Joseph F. Engelberger, was founder and
president of Unimation, Inc., the world’s first
industrial robotics manufacturer, which he
launched in 1956 and grew into a company
with more than 1,000 employees before the
enterprise was acquired by Westinghouse.
Engelberger was also the founder of HelpMate
Robotics, Inc.
 JOSEPH ENGLEBERGER
• Academia also made much progress in the
creation new robots. In 1958 at the Stanford
Research Institute, Charles Rosen led a research
team in developing a robot called "Shakey."
Shakey was far more advanced than the original
Unimate, which was designed for specialized,
industrial applications.
 JOSEPH ENGLEBERGER
• Shakey could wheel around the room,
observe the scene with his television "eyes,"
move across unfamiliar surroundings, and to
a certain degree, respond to his
environment. He was given his name
because of his wobbly and clattering
movements.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
1. Aerospace
• This is a broad category. It includes all sorts of flying
robots—the SmartBird robotic seagull and the Raven
surveillance drone, for example—but also robots that
can operate in space, such as Mars rovers and
NASA's Robonaut, the humanoid that flew to the
International Space Station and is now back on Earth.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
2. Consumer Robots
• These are robots you can buy and use just
for fun or to help you with tasks and chores.
Examples are the robot dog Aibo, the
Roomba vacuum, AI-powered robot
assistants, and a growing variety of robotic
toys and kits.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
3. Disaster Response
These robots perform dangerous jobs like
searching for survivors in the aftermath of an
emergency. For example, after an earthquake and
tsunami struck Japan in 2011, Packbots were used
to inspect damage at the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power station.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
4. Drones: Also called unmanned aerial
vehicles, drones come in different sizes and
have different levels of autonomy. Examples
include DJI’s popular Phantom series and
Parrot’s Anafi, as well as military systems like
Global Hawk, used for long-duration
surveillance.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
5. Education
This broad category is aimed at the next
generation of roboticists, for use at home or
in classrooms. It includes hands-on
programmable sets from Lego, 3D printers
with lesson plans, and even teacher robots
like EMYS.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
6. Entertainment
These robots are designed to evoke an emotional
response and make us laugh or feel surprise or in
awe. Among them are robot comedian
RoboThespian, Disney’s theme park robots like
Navi Shaman, and musically inclined bots like
Partner.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
7. Exoskeletons
Robotic exoskeletons can be used for physical
rehabilitation and for enabling a paralyzed patient
walk again. Some have industrial or military
applications, by giving the wearer added mobility,
endurance, or capacity to carry heavy loads.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
8. Humanoids
This is probably the type of robot that most people
think of when they think of a robot. Examples of
humanoid robots include Honda’s Asimo, which has
a mechanical appearance, and also androids like the
Geminoid series, which are designed to look like
people.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
9. Industrial
The traditional industrial robot consists of a manipulator arm
designed to perform repetitive tasks. An example is the
Unimate, the grandfather of all factory robots. This category
includes also systems like Amazon's warehouse robots and
collaborative factory robots that can operate alongside
human workers.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
10. Medical and Health-Care Robots
Include systems such as the da Vinci surgical robot
and bionic prostheses, as well as robotic
exoskeletons. A system that may fit in this category
but is not a robot is Watson, the IBM question-
answering supercomputer, which has been used in
healthcare applications.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
11. Military and Security
Military robots include ground systems like
Endeavor Robotics' PackBot, used in Iraq and
Afghanistan to scout for improvised explosive
devices, and BigDog, designed to assist troops in
carrying heavy gear. Security robots include
autonomous mobile systems such as Cobalt.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
12. Research
The vast majority of today’s robots are born in
universities and corporate research labs. Though
these robots may be able to do useful things, they’re
primarily intended to help researchers do, well,
research. So although some robots may fit other
categories described here, they can also be called
research robots.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
13. Self-Driving Cars
Many robots can drive themselves around, and an
increasing number of them can now drive you around. Early
autonomous vehicles include the ones built for DARPA’s
autonomous-vehicle competitions and also Google’s
pioneering self-driving Toyota Prius, later spun out to form
Waymo.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
14. Telepresence
allow you to be present at a place without actually going
there. You log on to a robot avatar via the internet and drive
it around, seeing what it sees, and talking with people.
Workers can use it to collaborate with colleagues at a distant
office, and doctors can use it to check on patients.
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
15. Underwater
The favorite place for these robots is in the
water. They consist of deep-sea submersibles
like Aquanaut, diving humanoids like Ocean
One, and bio-inspired systems like the ACM-
R5H snakebot.
Activity 2. Let’s Identify

Direction

Direction: Identify the type of

robot in the following pictures.
Write your answer on your
answer sheet
 Robotics Design Process
 1. gathering information
 2. identifying specific details of the design which must
be satisfied
 3. identifying possible and alternative design solutions
 4. planning and designing an appropriate structure
which includes drawings
 Gathering Information
• A design's practical functions can include:
 1. What is
 movement How will the robot move within its environment? If it were put
the practical in a different environment, would it still be able to move within this new
space?
function of
 manipulation How will the robot move or manipulate other objects within
the design? its environment? Can a single robot move or manipulate more than one
kind of object?
(What must  energy How is the robot powered? Can it have more than one energy
my robot do?) source?
 intelligence How does the robot "think?" What does it mean to say that a
robot "thinks?"
• sensing How will my robot "know" or figure out what's in its environment?
If it were put in a different environment, would it be able to figure out this
new environment
 Gathering Information
 2. What part
does appearance
• Shape and form are important to a design's
(shape and form, aesthetic qualities, ergonomics, strength,
surface texture,
color, etc.) play
stability, rigidity, safety
in the design's
function? What
• Surface texture, finish and color can be
does the robot appropriate to a design's aesthetic qualities,
look like? Is there
a reason for it to
mechanical, optical and thermal properties,
look as it does? durability, etc.
 Gathering Information
 3. What • The properties of a material will determine its
suitability for a design.
materials
strength, hardness, toughness, density
are 

suitable  durability
for the  and the aesthetic qualities determined by color,
surface texture, pattern, etc.
design?
• The materials cost and availability are also important
factors.
 Gathering Information
 4. What • Construction techniques fall into the categories of:
constructio  cutting and shaping
n methods  fabrication - the assembly of the parts using screws,
are bolts, glues, solder, etc
appropriate  moulding - by the application of a force on the
to the material
design?
 casting - using a mould to form the shape of a
solidifying material
 Gathering Information
 5. What • The manufacture, use and disposal of any product
are the will have both beneficial and detrimental effects upon
people, wildlife and the environment. The designer
likely social
therefore, has an enormous responsibility to consider
and very carefully the potential effects of any new design.
environme This will include: health and safety factors, noise,
ntal effects smell, pollution, etc. different environment, would it be
of the able to figure out this new environment.
design?
 Evaluating Robot Design
How well does the design function?
1. list of



 Does the design look good?

question  Is the product safe to use?

Did I plan my work adequately?
s


 Did I find the construction straightforward or difficult?

 Were the most suitable materials used?
 Did it cost more or less than expected?
 How could I improve my design?
Activity 3. Pro’s and Con’s

Direction
• Write at least five advantages and disadvantages of using robots.
Advantages Disadvantages
_________________________
__________________________
_________________________
__________________________
_________________________
__________________________
_________________________
__________________________
 INPUTS

1. Sensors


• An input is any way that

a robot or computer
takes information into 2. Computer
its system. Really there
are three main types of Chips
input:
3. Interfaces
 SENSORS
Sparki
These are used by computers and
robots get information about the
world.

Sparki has infrared inputs, an ultra-sonic input

and many others. Each sensor is especially
designed to sense a certain type of
information.
 SENSORS
The sensors convert information about their
environment into an electrical voltage and send that
electrical signal to the robot’s microcontroller (the robot’s
brain). Sensors can usually only sense one thing about
the world- and sometimes it’s a specific thing about that
one thing. For example a robot might have a light
sensor which senses photons.
 SENSORS
If more specific information is required that robot
may also have a light sensor which senses the
color of the light or the frequency of the photons.
Sensors can be pretty broad or they can be
extremely specific, it all depends on what you
need to do with them.
 SENSORS
The sensors convert information about their
environment into an electrical voltage and send that
electrical signal to the robot’s microcontroller (the robot’s
brain). Sensors can usually only sense one thing about
the world- and sometimes it’s a specific thing about that
one thing. For example a robot might have a light
sensor which senses photons.
 TYPE OF SENSORS
1. Light Sensors
2. Proximity Sensors
3. Sound Sensors
4. Temperature Sensor
5. Acceleration Sensor
 SENSORS
1. Light
Sensors
is a transducer used for
detecting light and
creates a voltage
difference equivalent to
the light intensity fall on a
light sensor.
 Two Types of Light Sensors

1. Photo It is a type of resistor used

resistor for detecting the light. In
photo resistor resistance
varies with change in light
intensity
 Two Types of Light Sensors

1. Photo The light falls on photo

resistor resistor is inversely
proportional to the resistance
of the photo resistor. In
general photo resistor is also
called as Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR).
 Two Types of Light Sensors

1. Photovoltaic Photovoltaic cells are

energy conversion
device used to convert
solar radiation into
electrical electric
energy
 Two Types of Light Sensors
It is used if we are planning to
1. Photovoltaic build a solar robot. Individually
photovoltaic cells are
considered as an energy
source, an implementation
combined with capacitors and
transistors can convert this into
a sensor.
 SENSORS
2. Proximity Can detect the presence of
Sensors nearby object without any
physical contact. The working of a
proximity sensor is simple. In
proximity sensor transmitter
transmits an electromagnetic
radiation and receiver receives
and analyzes the return signal for
interruptions.
 SENSORS
2. Proximity
Sensors
Therefore the amount of
light receiver receives by
surrounding can be used
for detecting the presence
of nearby object.
 FOUR TYPES OF
PROXIMITY SENSORS
1. Infrared Transceivers
2. Ultrasonic Sensors
3. Capacitive Sensors
4. Inductive Sensors
Infrared transceivers
LED transmit the
beam of IR light and
if it find an obstacle
then the light is
reflected back which
is captured by an IR
receiver.
Ultrasonic Sensor
High frequency sound
waves is generated by
transmitter, the received
echo pulse suggests an
object interruption. In
general ultrasonic sensors
are used for distance
measurement in robotic
system.
Capacitive Sensor
is a proximity sensor that detects
nearby objects by their effect on the
electrical field created by the sensor.
Simple capacitive sensors have been
commercially available for many years,
and have found a niche in nonmetallic
object detection, but are limited to
short ranges, typically less than 1 cm.
Inductive Sensor
is a device that uses the principle of
electromagnetic induction to detect or
measure objects. An inductor develops
a magnetic field when a current flows
through it; alternatively, a current will
flow through a circuit containing an
inductor when the magnetic field
through it changes.
Inductive Sensor
This effect can be used to detect
metallic objects that interact with a
magnetic field. Non-metallic
substances such as liquids or some
kinds of dirt do not interact with the
magnetic field, so an inductive sensor
can operate in wet or dirty conditions.
 Sensor
3. Sound Sensors
are generally a microphone
used to detect sound and return
a voltage equivalent to the
sound level. Using sound
sensor a simple robot can be
designed to navigate based on
the sound receives.
 Sensors
3. Sound Sensors
Iplementation of sound
sensors is not easy as light
sensors because it
generates a very small
voltage difference which will
be amplified to generate
measurable voltage change.
 Sensors
are used for sensing the change in
temperature of the surrounding. It is
based on the principle of change in
voltage difference for a change in
temperature this change in voltage
will provide the equivalent
temperature value of the
4. Temperature surrounding
Sensors
 Acceleration Sensor
is used for measuring
acceleration and tilt. An
accelerometer is a device
used for measuring
5. Acceleration
acceleration.
Sensors
 Two Kinds of Forces that
Affects Accelerometer
1. Static Force
2. Dynamic Force
 Static Force
It is the frictional force between any two objects.
By measuring this gravitational force we can
determine the how much robot is tilting. This
measurement is useful in balancing robot, or for
determining whether robot is driving on a flat
surface or uphill
 Dynamic Force Force
It is the amount of acceleration required
to move an object. Measurement of
dynamic force using an accelerometer
tells about the velocity/speed at which
robot is moving.
COMPUTER CHIPS
They are used for a whole bunch
of things in robots. Often you will
find them combined with sensors
or as part of a communication
system. They are also often used
to do math that might take a robot
a while to do on its own.
 INTERFACES
Anything you can use to change or
get information from a robot. You’re
using an interface right now to look at
this information and click around the
internet.
 INTERFACES
Another common interface, touch screens,
have an output in the form of the screen and
an input in the form of a capacitive film on top
of the screen to sense your finger.
 INTERFACES
Another common interface, touch screens,
have an output in the form of the screen and
an input in the form of a capacitive film on top
of the screen to sense your finger.
 INTERFACES
Light switches, garage door openers and
dishwashers are all examples of systems
that have interfaces. Even when you are
not pressing buttons on your television it is
interfacing with the satellites that provide
the channels.
 INTERFACES
Anything with a button, dial or other
sensor is technically an interface.
Other interfaces might not even have
anything you press or touch- they may
be a communication receiver of some
sort.
Activity 4. Explain!

Direction: Explain why sensors

are important? (10 pts)
 Performance MOVIE REVIEW
Task!
Create a movie review about the movie
“Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines”. Write or print
it in short size bond paper. List down the things the
you have learned from the movie. Include also
your suggestions and recommendations regarding
the outcome that might happen in using robots. Do
not give the summary of the movie and please do
not download movie reviews from the internet .
You will be graded using the following rubric:
 Performance MOVIE REVIEW RUBRIC
Task!
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Organization Information is very Information is Information is The information

organized with a organized with a organized, but appears to be
well-constructed well-constructed paragraphs are not disorganized.
opinion and opinion well-constructed
supporting detail

Opinion/Supporting Details My review has a My review has a My review does My review does not
strong opinion that strong opinion, but not have any have a strong
is supported by 2-3 it is not strongly supporting details, opinion or
details (good or supported by but it does have an supporting details.
bad). details. opinion. My opinion may not
be clear.

Character/Setting/Plot The review focuses The review focuses The review The review does
on the following 2 of 3: character, includes only one not include a
areas: setting, plot. of the following: description of
character(s), character, setting, character, setting,
setting, and plot and plot. or plot.