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Chapter – 12
Linear Programming
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS

 A linear programming problem is one that is concerned with finding the optimal value (maximum or minimum) of a linear
function of several variables (called objective function) subject to the conditions that the variables are non-negative and
satisfy a set of linear inequalities (called linear constraints). Variables are sometimes called decision variables and are
non-negative.
 The common region determined by all the constraints including the non-negative constraints x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 of a linear
programming problem is called the feasible region (or solution region) for the problem.
 Points within and on the boundary of the feasible region represent feasible solutions of the constraints. Any point outside
the feasible region is an infeasible solution.
 Any point in the feasible region that gives the optimal value (maximum or minimum) of the objective function is called an
optimal solution.
 The following Theorems are fundamental in solving linear programming problems:
 Theorem 1 Let R be the feasible region (convex polygon) for a linear programming problem and let Z = ax + by be
the objective function. When Z has an optimal value (maximum or minimum), where the variables x and y are subject
to constraints described by linear inequalities, this optimal value must occur at a corner point (vertex) of the feasible
region.
 Theorem 2 Let R be the feasible region for a linear programming problem, and let Z = ax + by be the objective
function. If R is bounded, then the objective function Z has both a maximum and a minimum value on R and each
of these occurs at a corner point (vertex) of R.

 If the feasible region is unbounded, then a maximum or a minimum may not exist. However, if it exists, it must occur at a
corner point of R.
 Corner point method for solving a linear programming problem. The method comprises of following steps:
(i) Find the feasible region of the linear programming problem and determine its corner points (vertices).
(ii) Evaluate the objective function Z = ax + by at each corner point. Let M and m respectively be the largest and smallest
values at these points.
(iii) If the feasible region is bounded, M and m respectively are the maximum and minimum values of the objective function.
 If the feasible region is unbounded, then
(i) M is the maximum value of the objective function, if the open half plane determined by ax + by > M has no point in
common with the feasible region. Otherwise, the objective function has no maximum value.
(ii) m is the minimum value of the objective function, if the open half plane determined by ax + by < m has no point in
common with the feasible region. Otherwise, the objective function has no minimum value.

 If two corner points of the feasible region are both optimal solutions of the same type, i.e., both produce the same maximum
or minimum, then any point on the line segment joining these two points is also an optimal solution of the same type.

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EXERCISE
1. Solve the following linear programming problems graphically:
a. Maximise Z = 5x + 3y, subject to 3x + 5y  15, 5x + 2y  10, x  0, y  0 (NCERT)
b. Minimize Z = 18x + 10y subject to 4x + y  20, 2x + 3y  30, x  0, y  0
c. Minimise Z = 200x + 500y subject to x + 2y  10, 3x + 4y < 24, x  0, y  0 (NCERT)
d. Minimise and Maximise Z = 5x + 2y, subject to – 2x – 3y  –6, x – 2y  2, 3x + 2y  12,–3x + 2y  3
x  0, y  0
e. Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function Z = – 50x + 20y subject to
constraints: 2x – y ≥ – 5, 3x + y ≥ 3, 2x – 3y ≤ 12, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 (NCERT)
f. Minimise Z = x + 2y subject to 2x + y ≥ 3, x + 2y ≥ 6, x, y ≥ 0. Show that the minimum of Z occurs at
more than two points (NCERT)
g. Minimise and Maximise Z = 5x + 10 y subject to x + 2y ≤ 120, x + y ≥ 60, x – 2y ≥ 0, x, y ≥ 0.

2. (a) A man has Rs.1500 for purchase of rice and wheat. A bag of rice and a bag of wheat cost Rs.180 and
Rs.120 respectively. He has storage capacity of 10 bags only. He earns a profit of Rs.11 and Rs.9 per bag
of rice and wheat respectively. Formulate an LPP to maximize the profit and solve it.
(b) A furniture dealer deals only in two items - tables and chairs. He has Rs.10000 to invest and a space to
store at most 60 pieces. A table cost Rs.500 and a chair Rs.200. He can sell a table at a profit of Rs. 50 and
a chair at a profit of Rs.15. Assume that he can sell all the items that he buys. Using LPP, formulate the
problem for maximum profit and solve it graphically.
(c) A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has only Rs.57600 to invest and
has space to store at most 20 pieces. A fan costs him Rs.3600 and a sewing machine Rs.2400. His
expectation is that he can sell a fan at a profit of Rs.220 and a sewing machine at a profit of Rs.180.
Assuming that he can sell all the items he can buy, how should he invest his money in order to maximize
his profit. Translate this problem mathematically and then solve it.

3. (a) Akhil wants to invest atmost Rs.12000 in bonds A and B. According to rules he has to invest at least
Rs.2000 in bond A and at least Rs.4000 in bond B. If the rate of interest on bond A is 8% p.a. and on bond
B is 10% p.a., how should he invest his money to maximize his interest? Solve graphically.
(b) A retired person wants to invest upto an amount of Rs.30000 in fixed income securities. His broker
recommends investing in two bonds, bond A yielding 7% per annum and bond B yielding 10% per annum.
After some consideration, he decides to invest at the most Rs.12000 in bond B and at least Rs.6000 in bond
A. He also wants that the amount invested in bond A should be more than the amount invested in bond B.
What should the broker recommend if the investor wants to maximize his return on investments?

4. (a) A small firm manufactures items A and B. The total number of items A and B that it can manufacture in
one day is at most 24. Item A takes one hour to make while item B takes only half an hour. The maximum
time available per day is 16 hours. If the profit on one unit of item A be Rs.300 and one unit of item B be
Rs.160, how many of each type of item be produced to maximize the profit? Solve graphically.
(b) A company produces two types of goods, A and B that require gold and silver. Each unit of type A
requires 3 gm of silver and 1 gm of gold, while that of type B requires 1 gm of silver and 2 gm of gold. The
company can produce 9 gm of silver and 8 gm of gold. If each unit of type A brings a profit of Rs.40 and
that of type B brings Rs.50, find the number of units of each type that the company should produce to
maximize the profit. What is the maximum profit?
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(c) A merchant plans to sell two types of personal computers – a desktop model and a portable model that
will cost Rs.25000 and Rs.40000. He estimates that total monthly demand of computers will not exceed 250
units. Determine the number of units of each type of computers which the merchant should stock to get
maximum profit if he does not want to invest more than Rs.70 lakhs and if his profit on the desktop model
is Rs.4500 and on portable model is Rs.5000. (NCERT)

5. (a) A factory makes tennis rackets and cricket bats. A tennis racket takes 1.5 hours of machine time and 3
hours of craftsman time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hours of machine time and 1 hour of
craftsman time. In a day, the factory has availability of not more than 42 hours of machine time and 24 hours
of craftsman time.
(i) What number of rackets and bats must be made if the factory is to work at full capacity?
(ii) If the profit on a racket and on a bat is Rs.20 and Rs.10 respectively, find the maximum profit to the
factory when it works at full capacity (NCERT)

(b) A factory manufactures two types of screws, A and B, each type requiring the use of two machines – an
automatic and a hand operated. It takes 4 minutes on the automatic and 6 minutes on the hand operated
machines to manufacture a package of screws A, while it takes 6 minutes on automatic and 3 minutes on
hand operated machine to manufacture a package of screws B. Each machine is available for at most 4 hours
on any day. The manufacturer can sell a package screws A at a profit of 70 paise and screws B at a profit of
Re.1. Assuming that he can sell all the screws he can manufacture, how many packages of each type should
the factory owner produce in a day in order to maximize profit? Determine the maximum profit? (NCERT)
(c) A company manufactures two types of novelty souvenirs made of plywood. Souvenirs of type A require
5 minutes each for cutting and 10 minute for assembling. Souvenirs of type B require 8 minutes each for
cutting and 8 minutes each for assembling. There are 3 hours 20 minutes available for cutting and 4 hours
available for assembling. The profit is Rs. 50 each for type A and Rs. 60 for each type B souvenirs. How
many souvenirs of each type should the company manufacture in order to maximize the profit? (NCERT)

6. A nutrition centre sells health food to mountaineer teams. The trial blazer mix packet contains one kg. of
corn cereal mixed with four kg. of wheat cereal and sells for Rs.97.50. The frontier mix packet contains 2
kg. of corn cereal mixed with three kg. of wheat cereal and sells for Rs.95. The centre has 60 kg. of corn
cereal and 120 kg. of wheat cereal available. How many packets of each mix should the centre sell to
maximize its revenue?

7. (a) A dietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that vitamin contents of the mixture contain at
least 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food ‘I’ contains 2 units/kg of vitamin A and 1 unit/kg
of vitamin C. Food ‘II’ contains 1 unit/kg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin C. It costs Rs 50 per kg to
purchase Food ‘I’ and Rs 70 per kg to purchase Food ‘II’. Formulate this problem as a linear programming
problem to minimise the cost of such a mixture. (NCERT)

(b) Reshma wishes to mix two types of food P and Q in such a way that the vitamin contents of the mixture
contain at least 8 units of vitamin A and 11 units of vitamin B. Food P costs Rs 60/kg and Food Q costs Rs
80/kg. Food P contains 3 units/kg of Vitamin A and 5 units / kg of Vitamin B while food Q contains 4
units/kg of Vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin B. Determine the minimum cost of the mixture. (NCERT)

Difficult things take a long time, impossible things a little longer.

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(c) A diet is to contain at least 80 units of vitamin A and 100 units of minerals. Two foods F1 and F2 are
available. Food F1 costs Rs 4 per unit food and F2 costs Rs 6 per unit. One unit of food F1 contains 3 units of
vitamin A and 4 units of minerals. One unit of food F2 contains 6 units of vitamin A and 3 units of minerals.
Formulate this as a linear programming problem. Find the minimum cost for diet that consists of mixture of
these two foods and also meets the minimal nutritional requirements. (NCERT)

8. (a) A manufacturer has employed 5 skilled men and 10 semi skilled men and makes an article in two qualities,
a deluxe model and a standard model. The making of deluxe model requires 2 hours of work by skilled man
and 2 hours of work by semi skilled man. The ordinary model requires 1 hour of work by skilled man and 3
hours of work by semi skilled man. By union rule, no man can work more than 8 hours a day. The manufacturer
makes a profit of Rs.15 an Rs.10 on each deluxe and ordinary model respectively. How many of each type
should be made to maximize his total daily profit.
(b) A producer has 30 units of labour and 17 units of capital, which he can use to produce two types of
goods X and Y. To produce one unit of X, 2 units of labour and 3 units of capital are required. Similarly, 3
units of labour and 1 unit of capital is required to produce one unit of Y. If X and Y are priced at Rs.100
and Rs.120 per unit respectively, then how should the producer use his resources to maximize the total
revenue? Solve the problem graphically.

9. One kind of cake requires 200 g of flour and 25 g of fat, and other kind of cake requires 100 g of flour and
50 g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5 kg of flour and 1 kg of fat
assuming that there is no shortage of other ingredients, used in making the cakes. (NCERT)

10. (a) A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours on machine
B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on machine B to produce a package
of bolts. He earns a profit of Rs17.50 per package on nuts and Rs 7.00 per package on bolts. How many
packages of each should be produced each day so as to maximise his profit, if he operates his machines for
at the most 12 hours a day? (NCERT)

(b) A firm manufactures two types of products A and B and sells them at a profit of Rs. 5 per unit of type A
and Rs.3 per unit of type B. Each product is processed on two machines M1 and M2. One unit of type A
requires one minute of processing time on machine M1 and two units of processing time on machine M2,
whereas One unit of type B requires one minute of processing time on machine M 1 and one minute of
processing time on machine M2. Machines M1 and M2 are respectively available for at most 5 hours and 6
hours a day. Find out how many units of each type of product should the firm produce per day in order to
maximize the profit. Solve the problem graphically.
(c) A cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the use of a
grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on grinding/cutting machine and 3 hours on sprayer
to manufacture a to manufacture a pedestal lamp, while it takes 1 hour on grinding/cutting machine and 2
hours on sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day, the sprayer is available for at most 20 hours and
grinding/cutting machine for at most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is Rs. 5 and a shade is Rs.
3. Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades he produces, how would he schedule
his daily production in order to maximize the profit? (NCERT)

Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on
earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude. Thomas Jefferson

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11. A manufacturer makes two types of calculators. Deluxe sells for Rs.120 and standard sells for Rs.100. It
costs Rs.90 to produce a deluxe and Rs.80 to produce a standard calculator. In one week, manufacturer can
produce from 200 to 300 deluxe calculators and from 100 to 250 standard calculators, but no more than a
total of 500 calculators. Using LPP, find how many of each type should be produced per week to maximize
the profits?

12. A farmer having a 312 acre farm grows corn and beans. The work of growing and packing the corn takes
35 work hours per acre and of beans take 27 work hours per acre. The profit per acre of corn is Rs.1730 and
the profit per acre of beans is Rs.1520. How many acres of corn and how many acres of beans should be
planted to maximize the profits? What are the maximum profits? Assume that maximum 9500 work hours
are available?

13. A lumber mill can convert logs into either lumber or plywood. In a given week, the mill can turn out 400
units of production, of which 100 units of lumber and 150 units of plywood are required by regular
customers. The profit on a unit of lumber is Rs.200 and that on a unit of plywood is Rs.300. How many
units of each type should the mill produce per week in order to maximize the profit? What is the maximum
profit?

14. (a) A cooperative society of farmers grows two crops X and Y on his 50 hectares land. The profit from crops
X and Y per hectare are estimated as Rs.10500 and Rs.9000 respectively. To control weeds, a liquid
herbicide has to be used for crops X and Y at the rate of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare. Further, no more
than 800 liters of herbicide should be used in order to protect the fish in the pond which collects drainage
from this land. How much land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximize the total profit? What is
the maximum profit? (NCERT)
(b) A man owns a field of area 1000 sq.m. He wants to plant fruit trees in it. He has a sum of Rs.1400 to
purchase young trees. He has the choice of two types of trees. Type A requires 10 sq m of ground per tree
and costs Rs. 20 per tree and type B requires 20 sq m of ground per tree and costs Rs. 25 per tree. When
fully grown, type A produces an average of 20 kg of fruit which can be sold at a profit of Rs. 2 per kg and
type B produces an average of 40 kg of fruits which can be sold at a profit of Rs. 1.50 per kg. How many
trees of each type should be planted to achieve a maximum profit when the trees are fully grown? What is
that profit?

15. A factory owner purchases two types of machines A and B for his factory. The requirements and limitations
for the machines are as follows:
Machine Area occupied Labour force Daily output (in units)
2
A 1000 m 12 men 50
2
B 1200 m 8 men 40
2
He has maximum area of 7600 m available and 72 skilled labourers who can operate both the machines.
How many machines of each type should he buy to maximize the daily output?

16. If a young man rides his motorcycle at 25 km/h, he has to spend Rs.2 per km on petrol; if he rides at faster
speed of 40 km/h, the petrol cost increases to Rs.5 per km. He wants to spend Rs.100 on petrol and wishes
to find the maximum distance he can travel within one hour. Express this as linear programming problem
and then solve it.

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17. A diet for sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and 1400 units of
calories. Two foods A and B are available at a cost of Rs.5 and Rs.4 per unit respectively. One unit of food
A contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of mineral and 40 units of calories, while one unit of food B contains
100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40 units of calories. Find what combination of food A and B
should be used to have least cost satisfying the requirements of the sick person. Form the question as LPP
and solve it graphically.

18. A company manufactures two articles A and B. There are two departments through which these articles are
processed: (i) assembly and (ii) finishing departments. The maximum capacity of first department is 60 hours
a week and that of other department is 48 hours a week. The production of each article A requires 4 hours in
assembly and 2 hours in finishing and that of each unit of B requires 2 hours in assembly and 4 hours in
finishing. If the profit is Rs.6 for each unit of A and Rs.8 for each unit of B, find the number of units of A and
B to be produced per week in order to have maximum profit.

19. A tailor X can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pants per day and another tailor Y can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pants per
day. Tailor X charges Rs.150 and tailor Y charges Rs.200 per day. How many days shall each work if it is
desired to produce at least 60 shirts and 32 pants at minimum labour cost?

20. A farmer has supply of chemical fertilizer of type A which contains 10% nitrogen and 5% phosphoric acid,
and type B contains 6% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil conditions of the field, it
was found that at least 14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid is required for good crop. The fertilizer
of type A cost Rs. 5 per kg and that of type B costs Rs.3 per kg. How many kg of each type of fertilizer
should be used to meet the requirement at the minimum possible cost? (NCERT)
(b) A fruit grower can use two types of fertilizers in his garden, brand P and brand Q. The amount (in kg)
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash and chlorine in a
bag of each mix are given in the table. Tests indicate that kg per bag
the garden needs at least 240 kg. of phosphoric acid, at Brand P Brand Q
least 270 kg of potash and at most 310 kg of chlorine. Nitrogen 3 3.5
If the grower wants to minimize the amount of nitrogen Phosphoric acid 1 2
added to the garden, how many bags of each mix should Potash 3 1.5
be used? What is the minimum amount of nitrogen
Chlorine 1.5 2
added? (NCERT)

21. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs.400 is made on each first class ticket
and a profit of Rs.300 is made on each second class ticket. The airline reserves at least 20 seats for first
class. However, at least four times as passengers prefer to travel by second class than by first class.
Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold to maximize profit for the airline. Form an LPP and
solve it graphically. (NCERT)

22. (a) A dietician has to develop a special diet using two foods P and Q. Each packet (containing 30 g) of food P
contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of cholesterol and 6 units of vitamin A. Each packet of
the same quantity of food Q contains 3 units of calcium, 20 units of iron, 4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of
vitamin A. The diet requires atleast 240 units of calcium, atleast 460 units of iron and at most 300 units of
cholesterol. How many packets of each food should be used to minimise the amount of vitamin A in the diet?
What is the minimum amount of vitamin A? (NCERT)
In order to succeed, we must first believe that we can.
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(b) A house wife wishes to mix together two kinds
of foods F1 and F2 in such a way that the mixture Vitamin
Food Vitamin A Vitamin B
will contain at least 10 units of vitamin A, 12 units C
of vitamin B and 8 units of vitamin C. The vitamin F 1 1 2 3
F2 2 2 1
contents of each kilogram of food F1 and F2 are as
under: One kg. of food F1 costs Rs.6 and one kg.
of food F2 costs Rs.10. Formulate the above problem as linear programming problem, and use corner point
method to find the least cost of mixture which will produce the diet. (NCERT)
(c) A farmer mixes two brands P and Q of cattle feed. Brand P, costing Rs 250 per bag, contains 3 units of
nutritional element A, 2.5 units of element B and 2 units of element C. Brand Q costing Rs 200 per bag contains
1.5 units of nutritional element A, 11.25 units of element B, and 3 units of element C. The minimum
requirements of nutrients A, B and C are 18 units, 45 units and 24 units respectively. Determine the number
of bags of each brand which should be mixed in order to produce a mixture having a minimum cost per bag?
What is the minimum cost of the mixture per bag?
(NCERT)

23. (a) A manufacturer makes two types of toys A and B. Three machines are needed for their manufacturing
and the time (in minutes) required for each toy on the machines is given below:
Each machine is available for a maximum of 6 hours per day. If the Machines
profit on each toy of type A is Rs. 7.50 and on each toy of type B is Rs. Toy
I II III
5, show that 15 toys of type A and 30 toys of type B should be
manufactured in a day to get maximum profit. A 12 18 6
(NCERT) B 6 0 9
(b) A manufacturer has three machines I, II and III installed in his
factory. Machines I and II are capable of being operated for at most 12 hours whereas machine III must be
operated for at least 5 hours a day. She produces only two items M and N each requiring the use of three
machines. The number of hours required for producing 1 unit of each of M and N on three machines are
given in following table. She makes a profit of Rs.600 and Rs.400 No. of hours required on
on items M and N respectively. How many of each item she Ite machines
should produce so as to maximize her profit, assuming that she m
I II III
can sell all items that she produced? Find maximum profit? M 1 2 1
(NCERT)
N 2 1 1.25
24. A furniture firm manufactures chairs and tables, each requiring the
use of three machines A, B and C. Production of one chair requires 2 hours of machine A, 1 hour on machine B
and 1 hour on machine C. Each table requires 1 hour on machine A and B each and 3 hours on machine C. The
profit obtained by selling one chair Rs.30 while by selling one table the profit is Rs.60. The total time available
per week on machine A is 70 hours, on machine B is 40 hours and on machine C is 90 hours. How many chairs
and tables should be made per week so as to maximize profit? Formulate the problem as LPP and solve it
graphically.

25. An oil company requires 13000, 20000 and 15000 barrels of high grade, medium grade and low grade oil
respectively. Refinery A produces 100, 300 and 200 barrels per day of high, medium and low grade oil
respectively, whereas refinery B produces 200, 400 and 100 barrels per day respectively. If refinery A costs
Rs.100 per day and B costs Rs.300 per day, how many days should each be run to minimize the cost of
requirement?

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26. Two godowns A and B have grain storage capacity of 100 quintals and 50 quintals respectively. They supply
to 3 ration shops D, E and F, whose requirements are 60, 50 and 40 quintals respectively. The cost of
transportation per quintal from the godown A to D, E and F is Rs.6, Rs.3 and Rs.2.50 respectively and the
cost of transportation per quintal from the godown B to D, E and F is Rs.4, Rs.2, Rs.3 respectively. How
should the supplies be transported in order that the transportation cost is minimum? (NCERT)

27. A company produces two types of leather belts, say type A and B. Belt A is a superior quality and belt B is of
lower quality. Profits on each type of belt are Rs. 2 and Rs. 1.50 per belt, respectively. Each belt of type A
requires twice as much time as required by belt of type B. If all belts were of type B, the company would
produce 1000 belts per day. But the supply of leather is sufficient only for 800 belts per day (both A and B
combined). Belt A requires a fancy buckle and only 400 fancy buckles are available for this per day. For belt
of type B, only 700 buckles are available per day. How should the company manufacture the two types of
belts in order to have maximum overall profit?

28. A toy company manufactures two types of dolls: a basic version doll A and a deluxe version doll B. Each
doll of type B takes twice as long to produce as one of type A, and the company would have time to make
a maximum of 2000 per day, if it produces only the basic version. The supply of plastic is sufficient to
produce 1500 dolls per day (both A and B combined). The deluxe version requires a fancy dress of which
there are only 600 per day available. If the company makes profit of Rs. 3 and Rs. 5 per doll respectively
on doll A and doll B; how many of each should be produced per day in order to maximize profit.
(NCERT)

29. (a) There is a factory located at each of the two places P and Q. From these locations, a certain commodity
is delivered to each of these depots situated at A, B and C.
The weekly requirements of the depots are respectively 5, Transportation cost per packet (Rs.)
5 and 4 units respectively, while the production capacity From
To
of the factories at P and Q are respectively 8 and 6 units. P Q
The cost of transportation is given below: A 16 10
How many units should be transported from each factory
B 10 12
to each depot in order that the transportation cost is
minimum? Formulate the above LPP mathematically and C 15 10
then solve it. (NCERT)

(b) An oil company has two depots A and B with capacities of 7000 l and 4000 l respectively. The company
is to supply oil to three petrol pumps D, E and F, whose To/From D E F
requirements are 4500 l, 3000 l and 3500 l respectively. The
distances (in km) between the depots and the petrol pumps is given A 7 6 3
in the following table: B 3 4 2
Assuming that the transportation cost of 10 litres of oil is Rs.1 per
km, how should the delivery be scheduled in order that the transportation cost is minimum? What is the
minimum cost? (NCERT)

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30. A brick manufacturer has two depots, A and B, with stocks of Transportation cost per packet (Rs.)
30,000 and 20,000 bricks respectively. He receives orders from From
three builders P, Q and R for 15,000, 20,000 and 15,000 bricks To
A B
respectively. The cost of transporting 1000 bricks to the builders
from the depots is given below: How should manufacturer fulfil P 40 20
the orders so as to keep transportation cost minimum? Q 20 60
R 30 40

31. A publisher sells a hard cover edition of a text book for Rs. 72 and a paperback edition of the same text for
Rs. 40. Costs to the publisher are Rs. 56 and Rs. 28 per book respectively in addition to weekly costs of Rs.
9600. Both types require 5 minutes of printing time, although hardcover requires 10 minutes binding time
and the paperback requires only 2 minutes. Both the printing and binding operations have 4800 minutes
available each week. How many of each type of book should be produced in order to maximize profit?

32. A box manufacturer makes large and small boxes from a large piece of cardboard. The large boxes require
4 sq. m per box while the small boxes require 3 sq. m per box. The manufacturer is required to make at least
three large boxes and at least twice as many small boxes as large boxes. If 60 sq. m. of cardboard is in stock,
and if the profits on large and small boxes are Rs. 3 and Rs. 2 per box, how many of each should be made
in order to maximize the total profit?

ANSWERS to the questions of Exercise

20 45 235
1. (a) 𝑥 = 19 , 𝑦 = 19 , 𝑍 = (b) x = 3, y = 8, Z = 134 (c) 2300 at (4,3)
19
3 24 63 7 3
(d) Minimum: 𝑥 = 13 , 𝑦 = 13 , 𝑍 = 13 ; Maximum 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = 4 𝑍 = 19 (e) No minimum value
(f) Minimum Z = 6 at all the points on the line segment joining the points (6, 0) and (0, 3).
(g) Min Z = 300 at (60, 0); Max Z = 600 at all points on line segment joining points (120, 0) and (60, 30).
2. (a) Max. profit = Rs.100; Wheat bags = 5, Rice bags = 5
(b) Max. profit = Rs.1000; Tables = 20, chairs = 0
(c) Max. profit = Rs.3920; Fans = 8, Sewing machines = 12
3. (a) Bond A = Rs.2000; Bond B = Rs.10000; (b) Bond A = Rs.18000; Bond B = Rs.12000
4. (a) A = 8 items, B = 16 items (b) A = 2 units, B = 3 units, Max. profit Rs.330
(c) Desktop = 200 units, Portable = 50 units
5. (a) Rackets = 4, Bats = 12 (ii) Max. Profit Rs. 200
(b) A = 30 packages, B = 20 packages; Max. Profit Rs. 41
(c) A = 8 units, B = 20 units, Max. Profit = Rs. 1600
6. Maximum Revenue = Rs.3450; Trial blazer packs = 12 and frontier packs = 24
7. (a) Min. cost Rs.380 at 2 kg of Food ‘I’ and 4 kg of Food ‘II’
8 1
(b) Minimum cost = Rs 160 at all points lying on segment joining (3 , 0) and (2, 2)
(c) Min.cost = Rs.104
8. (a) Max.Profit = Rs.350, Deluxe = 10 and Ordinary = 20
(b) Max. profit = Rs.1260; X = 3 units and Y = 8 units
9. Max. cakes = 30

Add: 5 Ga 19, Near St.Edmund’s school, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur.

Ph: 0141-4036374 M: 9414063576
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10. (a) 3 packages of nuts and 3 packages of bolts; Maximum profit = Rs 73.50.
(b) Max.Profit = Rs. 1020; Product A = 60 units, Product B = 240 units (c) 4 lamps, 4 shades
11. Max.profit = Rs.13000 (per week); 300 deluxe and 200 standard calculators.
12. Max. profit = Rs. 502485; Corn = 134.5 acres; Beans 177.5 acres
13. Max. profit = Rs.1,10,000; Lumber = 100 units, plywood = 300 units.
14. (a)Max. profit = Rs.495000; Crop X = 30 hectares and Crop Y = 20 hectares
(b) Type A = 20, Type B = 40; Max. profit = Rs. 3200
15. Mach A = 4, B = 6
16. Max. distance = 30 km, 50/3 km at 25 km/h and 40/3 km at 40 km/h
17. Minimum value = Rs.145; Food A = 5 units and Food B = 30 units
18. Max. profit = Rs.120; A = 12 units, B = 6 units
19. A = 5 days, B = 3 days.
20. (a) A = 80 kg, B = 100 kg. (b) P = 20 kg, Q = 140 kg, Min. amount = 550
21. Maximum profit Rs.64000; I class tickets = 40 and II class tickets = 160
22. (a) 15 packets of food P and 20 packets of food Q. Min. amount of vit.A = 150 units
(b) Min. Cost = Rs.52; F1 = 2 kg., F2 = 4 kg.
(c) 3 bags of brand P and 6 bags of brand Q; Minimum cost of the mixture = Rs 1950
23. (b) Maximum profit is Rs.4000 by manufacturing 4 units of each item.
24. Max.Profit = Rs.1950, Chairs = 15, Tables = 25 26. A = 170/3 days, B = 110/3 days.
25. Supply 10, 50, 40 from A and 50, 0, 0 from B to D, E and F respectively.
26. A = 200 belts, B = 600 belts, Max. profit = Rs.1300
27. A = 1000 dolls, B = 500 dolls, Max. profit = Rs. 5500
29. (a) Supply 0, 5, 3 units from P and 5, 0, 1 unit from Q to A, B and C respectively. Min. cost = Rs. 155
(b) 500 l, 3000 l, 3500 l from A and 4000 l, 0 l, 0 l from B to D, E and F respectively. Min. cost = Rs. 4400
30. Supply 0, 20, 10 thousand bricks from A and 15, 0, 5 thousand bricks from B to P, Q and R respectively.
Min. cost = Rs. 1200
31. Hard cover 360, Paper back 600; Max. profit Rs.2880
32. Large box = 6, Small box = 12; Max. Profit = Rs. 42

Add: 5 Ga 19, Near St.Edmund’s school, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur.

Ph: 0141-4036374 M: 9414063576