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GENERAL PHYSICS II
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Dennis Mendoza Maria Lea Q. Prondo Nancy Mabunga
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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 – PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Presents Written Review of Related Literature

EXPECTATIONS:
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to:
 explain the meaning of literature review
 follow the steps in doing a literature review
 write and present a coherent and ethical review of literature

PRE-TEST
Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices.
1. What is the main purpose of reviewing the relevant literature?
a. to recognize what is already known about the topic
b. to recognize what concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
c. to recognize who are the key contributors to the topic
d. all of the above

2. Why is it vital to read original articles when you are reviewing the literature?
a. to look for errors in the method
c. to examine the validity of the conclusions
b. to obtain synopsis of methods and procedures
d. all of these

3. The following are the main concern of literature review, except

a. objective setting c. research instrument design
b. subsequent data collection d. literary appreciation

4. The literature review will examine__________________.

a. all aspects of a topic
c. only opinions
b. only facts
d. only one side of the main argument

5. This is the preparatory point for a literature search.

a. primary data c. secondary data
b. tertiary data d. some other data

6. Why do researchers need to be careful with some materials, particularly materials found
online?
a. The author’s name often does not appear c. It has been used before
b. It is too recent d. The quality is unknown

7. It is in this part where you mention the identities or names of all the writers or owners of
ideas that you have incorporated in your research paper.
a. definition of terms c. references
b. in-text citation c. contents

8. To read the literature critically means ____________________.

a. to suggest that the previous research was poorly conducted
b. to skim through the material because most of them are just covering
c. to evaluate what you have read in terms of your own research questions
d. to be negative about something before you read it .

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9. Which of the following is/are aim/s of the ethical codes which researchers operate?
a. security of participants from distress
c. security of the researcher from harm
b. security of organizations involved in research from legal consequences
d. all of the above

10. Which of the following is committed when authors present the words, data or ideas of
others with the implication that they are their own and without proper attribution?
a. fabrication c. falsification
b. plagiarism d. misrepresentation

LOOKING BACK
Find the following words in the box and explain each word based on your prior
knowledge.

scope delimitation research design variable hypothesis

v a r i a b l e s
c d n c l u t i b n m c
r e t o o o
b s c k g r o u n d o p
r e s e a r c h d e s i g n
s g s e r l h
s n e m e c o e e
h y p o t h e s i s
r n s c o p e
i d c t n
d e l i m i t a t i o n

1.Scope
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Delimitation
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. Research Design
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4.Variable
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5.Hypothesis
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 – PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
A literature review is a written synthesis of the related reference materials
used for the study such as journal articles, books, and other documents. They provide an
overview of current knowledge which allows you to identify relevant theories, methods, and
gaps that exist in the present research. They are organized into subtopics so as to surface
the need and the arguments of the study (Cresswell, 2015).

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources – it analyzes,

synthesizes, and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the
subject (McCombes, 2019).

Five key steps in writing a Literature Review

1. Search for relevant literature. Look for literature which are related to your research
problems and questions. You may start by creating list of keywords related to your
research questions. Use keywords in searching for sources. Read the abstract to find out
if an article is relevant to your study. When you find a useful book or article, check the
bibliography to find other relevant sources.
2. Evaluate and select sources. Make sure that the sources you use are reliable, and
make sure that you read any essential studies and major theories in your field of
research. As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Tracking your sources
with citations is of importance to avoid plagiarism. You can use free citation generator to
quickly create correct and consistent APA (American Psychological Association), MLA
(Modern Language Association), and the Chicago Manual Style citations.
3. Identify the themes, debates, and gaps of your study. Organize your literature review
by understanding the connections and relationships among the sources you have read.
4. Outline the structure of your literature review. Various approaches may be used to
organize the body of your literature review such as chronological, the simplest approach
to trace the development of the topic over time, thematic, organize your literature review
into subsections that address different aspects of the topic, methodological, you might
want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches and
lastly, theoretical, you might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or
combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.
5. Write a sound and logical literature review. Use the three main components consistent
across most literature reviews: introduction that clearly identifies the overall state-of-
knowledge and purpose of the literature review; body of the review, you might want to
divide the body into subsections that address previous research on the topic, grouped
according to theme, theoretical perspective, methodological approach, or chronological
development, conclusion which provides a summary of key findings you have taken
from the literature and emphasize their significance.

Remember do not just paraphrase other researchers. Add your own interpretations when
possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 – GENERAL PHYSICS II
Ethical Standards in Writing
According to Dempster and Hanna (2016), research ethics are standardized
rules that guide the design and conduct of research. Following the guidelines ensures
credibility, academic honesty, and integrity among researchers.
Scientific misconduct might arise when ethical standards are not followed such
as the following:
1. Deception. Occurs as the result of investigators providing false or incomplete
information to participants for the purpose of misleading research subjects.
2. Plagiarism. Appropriation of another person’s idea, processes, results or words
without giving the appropriate credit.
3. Fabrication of data. It involves producing data without an actual experimentation
or altering data in recording with the intent to fit them to desired results.
4. Falsification of data. It involves manipulating research material, equipment or
processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not
accurately presented in the research record (http://ori.hhs.gov).
5. Non-publication of data. In contrast with fabrication and falsification, this involves
choosing not to include data because they do not conform to the well-established
body of knowledge or are unsupportive of the research hypothesis. Only the results
that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1 - Terminology Improvements

Directions: Choose the word or phrase from the box that is similar in meaning to the
italicized word in the sentence. Write you answer on the space provided.

economies such as dramatic change as

shifts to countries where wages are low

focus on

The United States, Germany, Japan, and other industrial powers are being transformed
from industrial to knowledge and information-based service economies, while manufacturing
has been moved to low wage countries. Knowledge and information are the key
ingredients in creating wealth in this type of economy.

(Source: Laudon & Laudon 2002, Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey.)
other industrial powers = ___________________________
transformed = ____________________________________
while = _________________________________________
has been moved = ________________________________
low wage countries = ______________________________
key ingredients = _________________________________

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 – PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Activity 2 Para….phrasing
Directions: PAIR WORK. Paraphrase the following paragraphs.
1. The brisk advancement of science and technology sets forth a meaningful challenge to
the public to keep up with the fast societal development rhythmically, most especially in
the third world and developing countries like the Philippines. Being in rhythmic motion
does not only entail acquiring advance facilities and technologies. What’s more important
is the acquisition and enhancement of knowledge and skills significant in answering the
demands of the highly competitive and scientifically-inclined society, the secret to which
lies primarily on the quality of science education are one of the fundamental concerns
among all the subjects being taught in elementary and high school. Environmental
education in the Philippines is weak since science which is considered as its most logical
anchor is the biggest part of Philippine education that has suffered (Rabino, 2014).

2. Information systems make it possible for business to adopt flatter, more decentralised
structures and more flexible arrangements for employees and management.
Organizations are trying to become more competitive and efficient by transforming
themselves intro digital firms where nearly all core business process and relationships
with customers, suppliers and employees are digitally managed (Laudon & Laudon 2002).

a. Write your paraphrase here.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

b. Now ask your partner to review your paraphrase.

Activity 3 My Literature Journey

Enumerate at least three ways on how you will look for the information and data needed for
your topic of interest. Share important information that you would like to probe on the chosen
subject. Fill in your answers on the space provided.

Introduction: What is the topic of my literature review?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Topic Sentence
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

My sources (works to be read, analyzed and cited):

1.________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________

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Body: What are the key points/arguments of my sources? How are these points supported?

Source 1
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Source 2
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Source 3
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Body: Similarities in (comparing) two or more of the articles:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Body: Differences in (contrasting) in two or more of the articles:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion: Summarizing
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4 My Research Ethics

Read the articles below and identify what type of scientific misconduct is committed
on each article.

1. An Associated Press story about the Tuskegee Study caused a public outcry in July 1972.
This led the Assistant Secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs to appoint an Ad Hoc
Advisory Panel to review the study. The panel was composed of nine members from the
fields of medicine, law, religion, labor, education, health administration, and public affairs.

It was found out that the men had agreed freely to be examined and treated but there was
no evidence to prove that the researchers had informed them of the study or its real
purpose. It was proven that the men had been misled and had not been given all the facts
required to provide informed consent.

2. In 1981, Dr. Darsee was dismissed from service and was penalized with a 10-year cut off
from Federal research funds because he was caught faking data in a heart study at
Harvard in 1981.

3. A research scandal took place in 2013 at University College London’s Institute of Child
Health (ICH), where Latchman was the dean from 1999 to 2002. It was divulged when an
anonymous whistleblower initially accused scientists. According to The Telegraph, he
misrepresented research in dozens of published papers. An investigation was conducted
and two scientists, Anastasis Stephanou and Tiziano Scarabelli, were proven to have
doctored images in seven papers on which Latchman was a co-author.

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4. Because of funding shortage, one postdoctoral researcher had been laid off from a lab
where Mary Allen was a graduate in 2005. The professor in charge of the lab was
struggling to keep the laboratory afloat by seeking more grants. But Allen and her five
fellow graduate students found out that a grant document didn't accurately describe work
that had been previously done in the lab.

5. Alex Haley settled a lawsuit by acknowledging that his world‐renowned book “Roots”
contained some material from a relatively unknown novel about slavery that was
published nine years earlier.

REMEMBER
 A literature review is an interpretation of what has been published on a topic by
qualified scholars and researchers.
 The purpose of the literature review is to provide foundation of knowledge on topic
and to assess the relationship of works in context of its contribution to the topic and
to other works.
 There are five key steps to be followed in doing a literature review: (1) search for
relevant literature, (2) evaluate and select sources, (3) identify themes, debates, and
gaps, (4) outline your literature review’s structure and (5) write a coherent literature
review.
 It is essential to follow to ethical principles in order to protect the dignity, rights and
welfare of research participants as well as the researchers.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word that will complete each of the given
sentences. Choose your answer from the wordpool below.

knowledge introduction chronological

conclusion thematic ethics

1. The primary purpose of the literature review is to establish the state of current _________
about the research topic.
2. The ____________ to the literature review is often a single paragraph that identifies the
overall state-of-knowledge about the topic.
3. The ____________ to the literature review is often a single paragraph that provides a
summary statement of the overall state-of-knowledge about the topic and reinforces the
research purpose or objectives.
4. A _____________ literature review describes each work in succession starting with the
earliest available information.
5. Research ___________ are standardized rules that serve as a guide in the conduct of
research.

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POST-TEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What is the importance and purpose of related literature?
a.to determine the similarities and differences of the findings between the past and
present studies,
b.to gain insight on the aspects of the problem that are critical and controversial.
c.to collect background information about a topic
d. all of the above
2. Searching for themes or ideas related to your research is under ____________________.
a. Review of Related Literature c. Significance
b. Methodology d. Scope
3. It is a rewording of a paragraph or text in order to expand information without plagiarizing.
a. in-text citation c. paraphrasing
b. referencing d. synonym
4. Which of these will NOT help you in identifying a reliable publication?
a. audience c. importance to peers
b. citation rate d. advertising inside
5. Which of these is the most efficient way to locate relevant journals?
a. searching using tertiary sources c. following up references in articles
b. browsing in newsagents d. browsing the shelves in the library
6. When you cite Internet resources, you do not need to find_________________________.
a. date of birth of the author c. date last updated
b. date of access d. date created
7. Why should references be included in a research project?
a. to give courtesy to the authors of the works that you have read
b. to fully identify the source of information and ideas discussed in the report so that
others may check for themselves
c. to keep a record of everything that you have read in writing the report
d. to impress lecturers
8. It is a style of citing sources that can be found anywhere in the research paper in between
texts and/or end of each paragraph.
a. In-text citation c. Bibliography
b. Out-text citation d. Referencing List
9. This is defined as the norms for conduct that differentiate between standard and
undesirable behavior.
a. Attitude c. Ethics
b. Humor d. Behavior
10. Plagiarism is ______________.
a. to steal and pass off intellectual properties as one's own
b. to use someone else’s work without crediting the source
c. to present as original and novel an idea or invention copied from an existing source
d. all of the above

REFERENCES

Broad, W. J. (1983). NOTORIOUS DARSEE CASE SHAKES ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT

SCIENCE. The New York Times, 1.
https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/14/science/notorious-darsee-case-shakes-
assumptions-about-science.html

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Cresswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method

Approaches. SAGE Publications.

Daley, J. (2018). Chief Academic Officer Accused in Ongoing Research Scandal at UCL.
The Scientist, 1. https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/chief-academic-officer-
accused-in-ongoing-research-scandal-at-ucl-64408

Harris, R. (2017). How A Budget Squeeze Can Lead To Sloppy Science And Even Cheating.
Https://Www.Npr.Org/Sections/Health-Shots/2017/04/14/523786179/How-a-Budget-
Squeeze-Can-Lead-to-Sloppy-Science-and-Even-Cheating, 1.
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/04/14/523786179/how-a-budget-
squeeze-can-lead-to-sloppy-science-and-even-cheating

McCombes, S. H. O. N. A. (2019). How to write a literature review. Scribbr, 1.

https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature
review/?fbclid=IwAR1wfdadbP10c5ofUwaGuSNMqb-
qHZNAxd46VO_rbzxioHUaciHafMvjD_4

Paraphrasing activity. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Uts.Edu.Au/Sites/Default/Files/Paraphrasing%20Handout%20-
%20Activities.Pdf. Retrieved January 28, 2021, from
https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/Paraphrasing%20Handout%20-
%20Activities.pdf
10. D
9. C
8. A
7. B
6. A
5. C 5. ethics
4. D 4. chronological
3. C 3. conclusion
2. A 2. introduction
1. D 1. knowledge
Post-test Checking your Understanding

10. B
9. D
8. C
7. B
focus on 6. D
5. Plagiarism countries were wages are low 5. A
4. Falsification shifts to 4. A
3. Falsification as 3. D
2. Fabrication dramatic change 2. D
1. Deception economies such as 1. D

Activity 2 Activity 1 Pre-test

ANSWER KEY

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