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Cache Memory

Cache memory is a small, high-speed RAM buffer located between the CPU and main memory that holds copies of frequently used instructions and data. There are three main types of cache mapping: direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping. When the CPU needs to access data, the cache uses replacement algorithms like LRU to determine which existing data to remove if needed. Writing policies for cache include write-through, where main memory is updated each time data is written to cache, and write-back, where only cache is initially updated and written back to main memory later.

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Nikhita V
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41 views

Cache Memory

Cache memory is a small, high-speed RAM buffer located between the CPU and main memory that holds copies of frequently used instructions and data. There are three main types of cache mapping: direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping. When the CPU needs to access data, the cache uses replacement algorithms like LRU to determine which existing data to remove if needed. Writing policies for cache include write-through, where main memory is updated each time data is written to cache, and write-back, where only cache is initially updated and written back to main memory later.

Uploaded by

Nikhita V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation On:

Cache Memory

Brought to you by:


Nomita S MS204421
Laranya D’Souza MS204404
Nikhita Maria MS204435
Cache memory is a Cache memory holds
What is Cache small, high-speed a copy of the
Memory? RAM buffer located instructions
between the CPU and (instruction cache)
main memory. or data (operand)
currently being used
by the CPU.
• Types of Cache Mapping

• 1. Direct Mapping
• 2. Associative Mapping
• 3. Set Associative Mapping
1. Direct Mapping
• The direct mapping technique is simple and
inexpensive to implement.

• When the CPU wants to access data from memory,


it places an address. The index field of CPU address
is used to access address.

•The tag field of CPU address is compared with the


associated tag in the word read from the cache.

•If the tag-bits of CPU address is matched with the


tag-bits of cache, then there is a hit and the required
data word is read from cache.

•If there is no match, then there is a miss and the


required data word is stored in main memory. It is
then transferred from main memory to cache
memory with the new tag.
2. Associative Mapping
•An associative mapping uses an associative
memory.

•This memory is being accessed using its


contents.

•Each line of cache memory will


accommodate the address (main memory)
and the contents of that address from the
main memory.

•That is why this memory is also called


Content Addressable Memory (CAM). It
allows each block of main memory to be
stored in the cache.
3. Set Associative Mapping
Ø That is the easy control of the
direct mapping cache and the
more flexible mapping of the
fully associative cache.

Ø In set associative mapping, each


cache location can have more
than one pair of tag + data
items.

Ø That is more than one pair of


tag and data are residing at the
same location of cache memory.
If one cache location is holding
two pair of tag + data items,
that is called 2-way set
associative mapping.
Replacement Algorithms of Cache Memory
Replacement algorithms are used when there are no available space in a cache in which to place a
data. Four of the most common cache replacement algorithms are described below:

• Least Recently Used (LRU):


• The LRU algorithm selects for replacement of the item that has been least recently used by the
CPU.

•First-In-First-Out (FIFO):
•The FIFO algorithm selects for replacement the item that has been in the cache from the longest
time.

• Least Frequently Used (LRU):


•The LRU algorithm selects for replacement the item that has been least frequently used by the
CPU.

•Random:
•The random algorithm selects for replacement the item randomly.
Writing into Cache
When memory write operations are performed,
CPU first writes into the cache memory. These
modifications made by CPU during a write
operations, on the data saved in cache, need to be
written back to main memory or to auxiliary
memory.

These two popular cache write policies


(schemes) are:
•Write-Through
•Write-Back
Write-Through
In a write through cache, the main memory is updated each time the CPU writes
into cache.

The advantage of the write-through cache is that the main memory always
contains the same data as the cache contains.

This characteristic is desirable in a system which uses direct memory access


scheme of data transfer. The I/O devices communicating through DMA receive the
most recent data.
Write-Back
In a write back scheme, only the cache memory is updated during a write
operation.

The updated locations in the cache memory are marked by a flag so that later on,
when the word is removed from the cache, it is copied into the main memory.

The words are removed from the cache time to time to make room for a new block
of words.
Thank You!

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