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Knowing Oneself

Self-development involves discovering one's potentials and capabilities through education or life experiences. Several ancient philosophers emphasized the importance of knowing oneself, including Socrates, Aristotle, and Lao Tzu. Self-concept refers to one's abstract ideas about their personality, values, and behavior, and has three aspects - it is learned, organized, and dynamic over time. Freud analyzed the self as consisting of the Id, Ego, and Superego components of personality.

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Rusty Ugay Lumbres
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74 views20 pages

Knowing Oneself

Self-development involves discovering one's potentials and capabilities through education or life experiences. Several ancient philosophers emphasized the importance of knowing oneself, including Socrates, Aristotle, and Lao Tzu. Self-concept refers to one's abstract ideas about their personality, values, and behavior, and has three aspects - it is learned, organized, and dynamic over time. Freud analyzed the self as consisting of the Id, Ego, and Superego components of personality.

Uploaded by

Rusty Ugay Lumbres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Self-development - a process of discovering

oneself by realizing one's potentials and capabilities that are


shaped overtime either by studying in a normal school or
through environmental factors.
“An unexamined life is
not worth living”.

Socrates
Ancient Greek Philosopher
“Knowing yourself is
the beginning of all
wisdom.”
Aristotle
Greek Philosopher
“Knowing others is
intelligence; knowing
yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is
strength; mastering
Lao Tzu yourself is true power.”
Chinese Philosopher
Know Thyself
An old maxim or aphorism which in time has been
used in varied literature and consequently gained
different meanings. One of its meanings is recorded
in the Greek encyclopedia of knowledge called "The
Suda".
“read thyself”
He stressed that an individual could learn
more by studying others and that he/she can
do this by engaging himself/herself to reading
books. However, Hobbes emphasized that a
person learns more by studying oneself.
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher
knowing oneself is the
open door that leads us to
knowing others better.

Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher
Self-concept is one’s abstract and general idea about him/herself
particularly toward his/her unique personality and his/her own
perception about his/her set of values, point of views and
behavior.

Self-concept is how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and


unique characteristics.
Self-concept is an individual's knowledge of who he or she
is.
This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of
Modern Philosophy, proposed his theory that a
person’s existence depends on his/her
perception.
Rene Descartes stated that mind is the seat of
consciousness.
This means that it is in the mind that we know
everything about ourselves like our identity,
passion, interest, feelings, and/or intellect,
thus everything that we are comes from the
Rene Descartes
Father of Modern Philosophy mind.
Three aspects of SELF-CONCEPT
Self-concept is learned. One of the very basic
assumptions of this theory is that no person is born with a
self-concept. Self-concept is believed to develop as a person
grows old. This means that our perceptions towards our
selves can be shaped and can be altered, and can also be
affected by environmental factors. In this sense, self-concept
is actually a product of socialization and development. A
person may have a perception of himself different from what
other people thinks of him. For example, an individual feels
that he is generous while others see him as a selfish person.
Three aspects of SELF-CONCEPT
Self-concept is organized. A person may have numerous
views of himself. He may think that he is kind, patient, loving
and caring, or selfish, cruel, rude and stubborn. No matter
how many different perceptions you have on yourself, still,
there is one perception that facilitates all of these insights,
causing one organized self-concept. When a person believes
something that is congruent to his self-concept, it is more
likely that he would resist changing that belief. He tends to
stick to his present view of himself for quite a long time, and
changing this perception of his self may take too long, but
change is feasible.
Three aspects of SELF-CONCEPT
Self-concept is dynamic. As a person faces different
situations and new challenges in his life, his insight towards
himself may constantly change depending on the way he
responds to such life changes. We see things depending on
our self-concept. We behave according to how we see
ourselves in a situation. Therefore, self-concept is a
continuous development wherein we tend to let go of the
things and ideas that are not congruent to our self-concept,
and we hold on to those that we think are helpful in building
a more favorable perception of our personal existence.
Sigmund Freud who is a well-
known psychologist, neurologist and the
creator of Psychoanalysis Theory and the
father of psychoanalysis, proposed that
there are three components of
personality within us: the Id, Ego and
Superego that certainly play a vital role
of how we think of ourselves.
3 components of personality

The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which


strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants,
and needs. If these needs are not satisfied
immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension.
For example, an increase in hunger or thirst should
produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink.
3 components of personality
The Ego. This is the second component of the personality that is
developed at approximately the age of three. This operates according
to reality which makes it possible for the Id to work in a more proper
and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more socially accepted
means of getting the desires and wants of a person without getting to
hurt others feelings. In other words, it is the job of the ego to provide
a man some guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he fulfilled
his pleasure.
This component of our personality is manifested whenever we try to
satisfy our cravings without compromising our self-image to others.
3 components of personality
The Superego. Freud believed that this aspect of man begins to
manifest as a child turns 5. This is the last component of personality
which holds our moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that
are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment.
This personality is developed as man learns the culture of
distinguishing right from wrong based on the set of guidelines and
standards that are known to people which might have been probably
imposed by the people in the community like parents, teachers, elders
or the community as a whole. Therefore, superego directs a man’s life
in order for him to avoid hurting .
What have I learned?
1. Self-development means is taking steps to better yourself. It also
means efforts toward self-fulfillment.

2. Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism gained different


meanings.

3. “The Suda” is the encyclopedia of Greek knowledge wherein the


concept of Know Thyself is interpreted in different meanings.

4. Thomas Hobbes used the phrase “read thyself” to stress out that an
individual can learn more by studying others and that he/she can do
this by engaging himself/herself to reading book.
What have I learned?
5. Knowing oneself is the beginning of all wisdom according to
Aristotle.
6. Know thyself is a moral epistemological injunction according to
some writers which means acquiring the skills of way of questioning or
challenging the person to gain careful understanding of oneself.

7. Self-concept is ones abstract and general idea about him/herself


particularly toward his/her unique personality and his/her own
perception about his/her set of values, point of views and behavior.

8. Rene Descartes states that mind is the seat of consciousness.


What have I learned?
9. Self-concept has three aspects as enumerated by Sincero
namely: Self-concept is 1.) learned, 2.) organized, and 3.)
dynamic.

10. There are three components of self, according to Sigmund


Freud namely: 1.) The Id, 2) The Ego, and 3.) The Superego.

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