R

FO
20
A
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20

Bio-based Building Blocks and

Polymers – Global Capacities,
Production and Trends 2020 – 2025
EPDM Polymers PVC

PP PMMA

PE
Vinyl chloride
Propylene
Unsaturated polyester resins Methyl methacrylate
PEF

Polyurethanes Building Blocks MEG

Building blocks
Natural rubber Aniline Ethylene
for UPR

Cellulose-based 2,5-FDCA
polymers Building blocks

Intermediates
for polyurethanes Levulinic
acid
Lignin-based polymers

Naphtha Ethanol PET

PFA
5-HMF/5-CMF FDME
Furfuryl alcohol Waste oils
Casein polymers
Furfural Saccharose PTF
Natural rubber
Starch-containing Hemicellulose 1,3 Propanediol
Lignocellulose
polymer compounds
Casein Feedstocks Fructose
Terephthalic
PTT

Non-edible milk acid

MPG NOPs
Starch
ECH Glycerol p-Xylene SBR
Plant oils
Fatty acids
Castor oil
11-AA Glucose Isobutanol THF
Lysine PBT
Sebacic
acid 1,4-Butanediol
Succinic
acid
DDDA
PBAT
Caprolactame Adipic
acid
HMDA DN5 Sorbitol
3-HP
Lactic
acid Acrylic PBS(x)
Itaconic
acid acid
Isosorbide

PA Lactide
Superabsorbent polymers

Epoxy resins
ABS
PHA
APC PLA

Authors: Pia Skoczinski, Michael Carus, Doris de Guzman,

Harald Käb, Raj Chinthapalli, Jan Ravenstijn, Wolfgang Baltus
and Achim Raschka
January 2021
This and other reports on renewable carbon are available at
www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications
Imprint
Global Markets and Trends of
Bio-based Building Blocks and Table of Contents
Polymers 2020 – 2025
Global Markets and Trends of Bio-based Building
Publisher Blocks and Polymers 2020 – 2025
Michael Carus (V.i.S.d.P.)
Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
nova-Institut GmbH Capacity increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chemiepark Knapsack Bio-based feedstock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Industriestraße 300 Sustainability and renewable carbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
50354 Hürth, Germany Drivers and policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Bio-based polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
T +49 (0) 22 33 / 48 14-40 Bio-based building blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
F +49 (0) 22 33 / 48 14-50 Global production capacities of
bio-based polymers by region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Author of the short version Market segments for bio-based polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Michael Carus, nova-Institute
[email protected] Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table of Content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Edition
2021-01

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Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Global Markets and Trends of Bio-based Building Blocks and

Polymers 2020 – 2025
Executive summary
For the first time: Growth rate for bio-based polymers with 8 % CAGR far
above overall polymer market growth

Report on the global bio-based polymer market 2020 – A deep and comprehensive
insight into this dynamic market

The year 2020 was a promising year for bio- demand for bio-based as well as biodegradable
based polymers: Sold out PLA in 2019 has polymers. Nevertheless, at the same time, there
led to the installation of increased capacities, is a lack of support from politics, which still only
PE and PP made from bio-based naphtha are promotes biofuels and bioenergy.
breaking ground and future expansion for bio- The new market and trend report “Bio-based
based polyamides as well as for PBAT, PHAs Building Blocks and Polymers – Global
and casein polymers is on the horizon. A lower Capacities, Production and Trends 2020–2025”
production is only observed for bio-based PET. from the international nova biopolymer expert
Several global brands are already expanding group shows capacities and production data for
their feedstock portfolio to include, next to all bio-based polymers in the year 2020 and a
fossil-based, sources of renewable carbon, CO2, forecast for 2025.
recycling and especially biomass, increasing the

Plastics production from 1950 to 2019

400 Bio-based worldwide 3.8 million t
Fossil-based worldwide 373 million t
2019
350
incl. Europe (EU28 + NO/CH) 64 million t
300

250
Production (million tonnes)

200

150

100

50

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Includes thermoplastics, polyurethanes, thermosets, elastomers, adhesives, Data sources: PlasticsEurope,

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics coatings and sealants and PP-fibres. Not included PET-, PA-, and polyacryl-fibres. Consultic and nova-Institute © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 1: Plastics production from 1950 to 2019

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 3

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

In 2020, the total production volume of bio- polyurethanes (PUR) were reported in 2020.
based polymers was 4.2 million tonnes, which Especially polyamides (PA) and polypropylene
is 1 % of the total production volume of fossil- (PP) will continue to grow significantly
based polymers. For the first time in many years, (about 36 %) until 2025. While capacities for
the CAGR is, with 8 %, significantly higher than polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) will grow in Asia
the overall growth of polymers (3–4 %) – this and North America, casein polymers in Europe
is expected to continue until 2025 (Figure 1). will increase by 32 % until 2025, followed by
Overall, the global land requirement for bio- increases in PE in South America and Europe,
based polymers is only 0.006 % of the global PLA mainly in Europe and PBAT in Asia with
agricultural land. The major biomass feedstock about 8 %.
used for bio-based polymer production is
glycerol as a biogenic by-product (37 %).
Bio-based feedstock
For 2020, the annually updated market report Considering the steadily increasing demand
includes the following features: for bio-based polymers, the need for biomass
■ Coverage of 17 bio-based building blocks feedstocks should be taken into account as an
and 17 polymers. important factor. This is especially true for the
■ Comprehensive information on the recurring debate on the use of food crops for bio-
capacity development from 2020 to 2025, based polymer production. Figure 2 shows the
as well as production data for the year worldwide biomass utilisation in 2020. The total
2020, per bio-based polymer. demand for biomass was 12.5 billion tonnes for
■ Analyses of market developments feed, bioenergy, food, material use, biofuels as
and producers per building block and well as bio-based polymers. While the majority
polymer, so that readers can quickly gain of the biomass (59 %) is used for feed production,
an overview of developments that go far only 0.038 % are needed for bio-based polymer
beyond capacity and production figures. production. That results in a biomass feedstock
■ A detailed, comprehensive expert view demand of 4.8 million tonnes for the production
on bio-based naphtha. of 4 million tonnes of bio-based polymers and
■ 174 detailed company profiles. corresponds to an agricultural land share of
The data published annually by European only 0.006 %. This small area share is due to
Bioplastics (www.european-bioplastics.org/ various factors: The major feedstock used for
market) are taken from the market report bio-based polymer production is glycerol (37
published by the nova-Institute, but with a %), as a biogenic process by-product from
smaller selection of bio-based polymers. biodiesel production it represents a biomass
without land use. This glycerol is mainly used
for epoxy resin production via epichlorohydrin
Capacity increase as an intermediate.
The increase in production capacity from 2019 The utilised biomass also comprises 24 % starch
to 2020 is mainly based on the expansion of and 16 % sugars, both feedstocks are derived
polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate- from high-yielding crops, such as maize, sugar
co-terephthalate) (PBAT) production in Asia beet or sugar cane, having a high area efficiency.
and the worldwide epoxy resin production. 12 % of the biomass are from non-edible plant
Also, increased and new production capacities oil, such as castor oil, 9 % from cellulose (mainly
for polybutylene succinate and copolymers used for cellulose acetate) and 2 % from edible
(PBS(X)) and bio-based polyethylene (PE) and plant oil.

4 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Biomass utilisation worldwide

First and second generation, total and for bio-based polymers
Worldwide biomass demand 2020, 4.8 Mt biomass feedstock for 4.0 Mt bio-based polymers
total: 12.54 billion tonnes (with a 46 % share) in 2020 – worldwide
2%
2% 0,038%
0,035% 2%

11% Feed 9% Glycerol

Bioenergy 12%
Starch
12% 37%
Food Sugars
2020 Material use
2020 Non-edible plant oil
59%
16% 16%
Biofuels Cellulose
Bio-based polymers 24% Edible plant oil

The 0.038% share of biomass used to produce bio-based polymers translates into an area share of only 0.006%. This is due to various factors:
high-yielding crops (like maize) are used for the production of bio-based polymers leading to a high area efficiency; the yields are not only used for
polymer production but also for animal feed (the protein share) and thus only a part is allocated; and finally, because the biomass is a process by-product
that uses no land (such as glycerol).

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 2: Biomass utilisation worldwide – First and second generation, total and for bio-based polymers

From the 4 million tonnes of produced bio-based from the market point of view, especially in the
polymers (fully and partly bio-based) only 1.9 use of biomass, will, and already did, increase
million tonnes are actual bio-based components the supply of bio-based as well as biodegradable
of the polymers (46 %) (Table 2). Considering polymers. Nevertheless, the market remains
this fact, 2.5 times more feedstock is needed than challenging from a political perspective and in
actually is incorporated into the final product. terms of crude oil prices, as major advantages
This amount of 2.9 million tonnes (61 %) of of bio-based polymers have not been politically
feedstock that is not ending up in the product rewarded yet:
is due to a high number of conversion steps and ■ Bio-based polymers replace fossil

related feedstock and intermediate losses, as carbon in the production process with
well as the formation of by-products. renewable carbon from biomass. This is
indispensable for a sustainable, climate-
friendly plastics industry.
Sustainability and renewable carbon ■ Biodegradability is offered by almost the

The only way for polymers, plastics and half of the produced bio-based polymers.
chemicals to become sustainable, climate- This can be a solution for plastics
friendly and part of the circular economy is that cannot be collected and enter the
the complete substitution of fossil carbon with environment. In these situations, they
renewable carbon from alternative sources: can biodegrade without leaving behind
biomass, CO2 and recycling (www.renewable- microplastics. Only a few countries such
carbon.eu). This necessary transition is already as Italy, France and probably Spain will
on the strategic agenda of several global brands, politically support this additional disposal
that are already expanding their feedstock path.
portfolio to include, next to fossil-based, all three
sources of renewable carbon. This rethinking

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 5

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Drivers and policy This report focuses on the bio-based share of

The most important market drivers in 2020 the structural polymers.
were brands that want to offer their customers Bio-based structural polymers are composed
environmentally friendly solutions and of the structural part, exhaustively reviewed
critical consumers looking for alternatives to in this report and the bio-based linoleum part.
petrochemical products. If bio-based polymers Together amounting to 4.1 million tonnes. On
were to be accepted as a solution and promoted the other hand, the total amount of bio-based
in a similar way as biofuels, annual growth rates functional polymers consists of bio-based
of 10 to 20 % could be expected. The same would functional polymers and paper starch, yielding
apply, should the oil price rise significantly. 13.6 million tonnes. Besides these two groups
Based on the already existing technical maturity making up 17.7 million tonnes of bio-based
of bio-based polymers, considerable market functional and structural polymers, also rubber
shares could be gained in these cases. products and man-made fibres can be bio-based.
In total,14.1 million tonnes of rubber products
and 7 million tonnes of man-made fibres are
Bio-based polymers from bio-based resources.
The global polymer market includes functional
and structural polymers, rubber products as well
as man-made fibres (Figure 3).

Polymers worldwide, bio-based shares (2018-2020)

All Polymers
total bio-based
502.4 Mt 8% 38.8 Mt
of total

Functional and structural polymers1 Rubber products (2018)2 Man-made fibres (2019)3
total bio-based total bio-based total bio-based
392.1 Mt 5% 17.7 Mt 29.3 Mt 48% 14.1 Mt 81 Mt 9% 7 Mt
of total of total of total

Functional polymers4 (2020) Structural polymers (2020)

total bio-based total bio-based
23.1 Mt 59% 13.6 Mt 369 Mt 1% 4.1 Mt
of total of total

CA 780,000 t
Paper starch (2020)5 Linoleum Epoxy resin 1,300,000 t
estimated total PA 220,000 t
12.4 Mt 0.1 Mt
PE 210,000 t

Bio-based functional polymers (2020)6 Bio-based structural polymers (2020)7 PET 170,000 t
estimated total PLA 380,000 t
1.2 Mt 4 Mt Others 980,000 t

Sources: 1
Plastics Europe; International Rubber Study Group (IRSG);
2
The Fiber Year 2020;
3
Calculations by nova-Institute based
4

on different company and industry reports; 5

Calculations by nova-Institute based on CEPI, FAOSTAT, Starch Europe; 6
Calculations by
available at nova-Institute based on different industry reports; 7 nova-Institute: Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production
www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics and Trends 2020–2025, www.bio-based.eu/reports © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 3: Polymers and bio-based shares worldwide 2018–2020

Figure 4 shows all (semi-) commercial pathways intermediates were added. Bio-based building
from biomass via different intermediates and blocks and polymers analysed in detail within
building blocks to bio-based polymers. As in the report are highlighted in bold.
previous years, several pathways and some new

6 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

EPDM Polymers PVC

PMMA
PP

PE
Vinyl chloride
Propylene
Unsaturated polyester resins Methyl methacrylate
PEF

Polyurethanes Building Blocks MEG

Building blocks
Natural rubber Aniline Ethylene
for UPR

Cellulose-based 2,5-FDCA
polymers Building blocks

Intermediates
for polyurethanes Levulinic
acid
Lignin-based polymers

Naphtha Ethanol PET

PFA
5-HMF/5-CMF FDME
Furfuryl alcohol Waste oils
Casein polymers
Furfural Saccharose PTF
Natural rubber
Starch-containing Hemicellulose 1,3 Propanediol
Lignocellulose
polymer compounds
Casein Feedstocks Fructose
Terephthalic
PTT

Non-edible milk acid

MPG NOPs
Starch
ECH Glycerol p-Xylene SBR
Plant oils
Fatty acids
Castor oil
11-AA Glucose Isobutanol THF
Lysine PBT
Sebacic
acid 1,4-Butanediol
Succinic
acid
DDDA
PBAT
Caprolactame Adipic
acid
HMDA DN5 Sorbitol
3-HP
Lactic
acid Acrylic PBS(x)
Itaconic
acid acid
Isosorbide

PA Lactide
Superabsorbent polymers

Epoxy resins
ABS
PHA
APC PLA

All figures available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 4: Pathways to bio-based polymers. Building blocks and polymers covered in the report are highlighted
in bold.

Figure 5 shows the different pathways of bio- have new properties and functionalities that
based “drop-in”, “smart drop-in” and “dedicated” petrochemistry does not provide. Both have
inputs within the chemical production chain. their own advantages and disadvantages from
For each group, certain bio-based polymers are a production and market perspective. While
exemplarily shown. Additionally, biodegradable bio-based drop-in chemicals are bio-based
bio-based polymers are highlighted with a green versions of existing petrochemicals, which have
dot. The different bio-based polymer groups are established markets and are chemically identical
subject to different market dynamics. While to existing fossil-based chemicals, smart drop-
drop-ins have direct fossil-based counterparts in chemicals are a special sub-group of drop-in
and can substitute them, the dedicated ones chemicals.

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 7

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Schematic differentiation of pathways of drop-in, smart drop-in

and dedicated bio-based chemicals and polymers
Crude Oil / Naphtha
Chemicals
Natural Gas / Methane
and Polymers
Coal / Syngas / FT

Drop-ins Smart drop-ins

EPDM Epoxy resins
PE PA
PET PBAT
PP PBS (X)
PTT
Biomass PUR – based on other polyols than NOPs

Dedicated
CA
PEF
PHAs
PLA
PUR – based on NOPs
Starch - containing polymer compounds
New Chemicals
and Polymers
biodegradable polymers
available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 5: Schematic differentiation of pathways for drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated bio-based chemicals
and polymers.1 Selected bio-based polymers are shown for each classification group. Biodegradable polymers
are highlighted with a green dot.

Shares of bio-based polymers production capacities 2020

Total production capacity of 4.6 million tonnes

Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC)

Casein polymers
Cellulose acetate (CA)
Epoxy resins
Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)
Polyamides (PA)
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
2020 Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
Polyurethanes (PUR)
Starch-containing polymer compounds

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 6: Shares of bio-based polymer production capacities in 2020

1 Source: Carus, M. et al. 2017: Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals. nova-Institut
(Ed.), Hürth, Germany, 2017-12. Download at http://bio-based.eu/technology/#RtBDropin.
8 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Even though they are chemically identical to an average compound annual growth rate
existing chemicals based on fossil hydrocarbons, (CAGR) of about 8 %. The following polymers
their bio-based pathways provide significant show an even higher increase significantly above
process advantages compared to the the average growth rate: PA will continue to
conventional pathways. Additionally, these grow by 37 % and PP by 34 % until 2025.
bio-based pathways can be built on completely Casein polymers in Europe will increase by 32 %
new approaches, such as epichlorohydrin, where until 2025, followed by 8 % increases in PE and
the fossil feedstock propylene is not substituted a 7 % growth for PLA and PBAT.
by bio-based propylene but with glycerol from
biodiesel production. Dedicated bio-based
chemicals are chemicals which are produced Bio-based building blocks
commercially via a dedicated pathway and do Figure 8 illustrates the development of capacities
not have an identical fossil-based counterpart for the main bio-based building blocks used
(for more detailed explanation and examples for the production of polymers from 2011 to
see chapter 1.2). 2025. The building blocks are utilised for the
Figure 6 and Figure 7 summarise the results of synthesis of structural and functional polymers
the report and show the share of the bio-based (for definition see chapter 1.2) as well as
polymer production capacities in 2020 and the ingredients in various other applications such
development of capacities from 2018 to 2025 on as food, feed, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals,
the basis of forecasts by current and some new and therefore show a higher average CAGR
producers. The total installed capacity in 2020 than polymers.
was 4.6 million tonnes with an actual production
of 4.2 million tonnes. An increase to 6.7 million
tonnes capacity in 2025 is expected, indicating

Bio-based polymers
Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2018 to 2025
Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC)
6 Casein polymers
Production capacities (million tonnes)

Cellulose acetate (CA)

Epoxy resins
5 Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)
Polyamides (PA)
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)
4
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
Polyethylene (PE)
3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
2 Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
1
Polyurethanes (PUR)
Starch-containing polymer compounds
0
2018 2019 2020 2025
available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 7: Bio-based polymers – Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2018 to 2025

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 9

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

The overall production capacity of bio-based Market segments for bio-based polymers
building blocks increased about 7 % (212,000 Today, bio-based polymers can be used in almost
t/a) in 2020. This increase is mainly based on all market segments and applications, but the
L-lactic acid and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The various applications per polymer can be very
overall forecast for bio-based building blocks different.
worldwide indicates a growth by 11 % (CAGR) Figure 10 shows a summary of the applications
until 2025, with 1,5-pentamethylenediamine for all bio-based polymers covered in the
(DN5), naphtha, ethylene and different furan report. In 2020 fibres including woven, non-
derivatives being the main drivers. woven (mainly cellulose acetate (CA) and
polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)) have the
highest share with 24 %. Packaging, flexible and
Global production capacities of bio-based rigid, also have a 24 % share in total, followed
polymers by region by automotive and transport with 16 % (mainly
After Asia as leading region, which has installed epoxy resins, PUR and aliphatic polycarbonates
the largest bio-based production capacities (APCs)), building and construction with 14 %
worldwide with 47 % in 2020, Europe follows (mainly epoxy resins and PA), consumer goods
with 26 %, followed by North America with 17 with 9 % (mainly starch containing polymer
% and South America with 9 %, respectively compounds, PP and casein polymers). The
(Figure 9). With an expected CAGR of 16 market segments agri- and horticulture, electrics
% between 2020 and 2025, Asia displays the and electronics as well as functional and others
highest growth of bio-based polymer capacities have a market share of under 5 %, respectively.
compared to other regions of the world. This
increase is mainly due to higher production
capacities for PA, PBAT, PHA and PLA.

Bio-based building blocks

Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2011 to 2025
5
Production capacities (million tonnes)

11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA)

1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO)
Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
4 Epichlorohydrin (ECH)
Ethylene
Furan derivatives
3 Isosorbide
D-lactic acid (D-LA)
L-lactic acid (L-LA)
Lactide
2
Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
Monopropylene glycol (MPG)
Naphtha
1 1,5-Pentametylenediamine (DN5)
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
Sebacic acid
Succinic acid (SA)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 8: Bio-based building blocks – Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2011 to 2025

10 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Global production capacities of bio-based polymers per region 2020

without cellulose acetate, epoxy resins and polyurethanes
1%

9%

17% Asia
2020 47%
Europe
North America
26% South America
Australia / Oceania

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 9: Global production capacities of bio-based polymers per region 2020. Excluding cellulose acetate,
epoxy resins and polyurethanes.

Shares of the produced bio-based polymers

in different market segments in 2020
3% 4%
3% Fibres
3%
Packaging - flexible
24% Packaging - rigid

9% Automotive and transports

Building and construction

2020 Consumer goods

14% Agriculture and horticulture

24% Electrics and electronics

16% Functional

Others

available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021

Figure 10: Shares of the produced bio-based polymers in different market segments in 2020. Fibres: including
woven and non-woven; Consumer goods: including e.g. coffee capsules, biowaste bags, leisure, interieur;
Electrics and electronics: including casing; Functional: including adhesives, coatings, cosmetics etc.; Others:
including films, 3D printing, medical applications, aquaculture.

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 11

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Authors

Pia Skoczinski is trained as a Michael Carusis a trained

biologist, has several years of Physicist, from 1983 to 1994 he
research experience in worked for the IT industry,
optimisation of microbial cell environmental institutes and the
factories, enzyme engineering and solar industry. In 1994, he co-
enzyme-catalysed polymerisation. founded nova-Institute and has
After a one-year postdoctoral research in been functioning as owner and Managing
Macromolecular and Polymer chemistry, she Director since then. More than 15 years of
joined the nova-Institute in April 2018 in the experience in the field of bio-based economy,
Technology and Markets department. Here, she including work on biomass feedstocks, industrial
is focused on bio-based building blocks and biotechnology and all kinds of bio-based
polymers, Industrial Biotechnology and Carbon materials. His work focuses on sustainability,
Capture and Utilisation (CCU). market analysis, techno-economic and creating
a suitable political and economic framework
for bio- based processes and applications.

12 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Doris de Guzman (BSChE) Jan Ravenstijn (MSc) (The

(USA) joined UK-based Tecnon Netherlands) has more than
OrbiChem in March 2013 as a 35 years of experience in the
senior consultant covering bio- chemical industry (Dow Chemical
based chemicals feedstocks for the and DSM), including 15 years in
company’s Bio- Materials executive global R&D positions in
Chemical Business Focus newsletter published engineering plastics, thermosets and elastomers,
every month. Doris has been covering the based in Europe and in the USA. He is currently a
business of green chemistry for more than 16 consultant to producers, investors and consulting
years and provides expertise on oleochemicals, companies involved in bio-based monomer or
biofuels, biopolymers, industrial biotechnology polymer activities, member of the Scientific
and other renewable chemical products as Advisory Board of the Aachen-Maastricht
creator and author of the Green Chemicals Blog. Biomaterials Institute and has published several
The blog has an average 15,000 to 20,000 unique papers and articles on the market development
readers per month. of bio-based monomers and polymers. He is
regarded as one of the world’s leading experts
Harald Käb (PhD) (Germany) is in his field.
a chemist and has an unblemished
20-year “bio-based chemistry and Wolfgang Baltus (PhD)
plastics” track record. From 1999 (Thailand) worked for BASF for
to 2009 he chaired the board and 15 years and was responsible for
developed “European Bioplastics”, the business development of
the association representing the bioplastics environmental friendly coatings in
industry in Europe. Since 1998 he has been Asia. From 2008 until 2015, Baltus
working as an independent consultant, servicing worked for the National Innovation Agency (NIA)
green pioneers and international brands to and for Precise Corporation in Bangkok. In 2016,
develop and implement smart business, media he founded his own independent consultancy,
and policy strategies for bio-based chemicals Wobalt Expedition Consultancy. He is regarded
and plastics. as one of the leading experts on bio-based
polymer markets and policy in Asia.
Raj Chinthapalli has Masters
in Chemical and Process Achim Raschka is working at
Engineering from Otto-von- nova-Institute since 2008, in 2013
Guericke University, Magdeburg, he became head of the department
Germany. He joint nova-Institute’s of Technology and Markets. He
department of Technology and is involved in different national
Markets in 2017. He has extended work and international research
experience in market research and technology programs concerning the material use of bio-
analysis. His interests are mainly in addressing based products and renewable resources,
the bio-based chemical and polymer markets, biotechnological and chemical-technical topics,
for the entire value chain from feedstocks to the bio-based monomers and sustainable feedstocks
end user industry for Industrial Biotechnology as well as Carbon
Capture and Utilisation (CCU).

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 13

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

Global Markets and Trends of Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers 2020 – 2025

1 Global Markets and Trends of Bio-based Building 4.5 Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd............................................117
4.6 Archer Daniel Midland Co.........................................................118
Blocks and Polymers 2020 – 2025 4.7 Arkema S.A..............................................................................121
1.1 Executive summary...................................................................10 4.8 Arlanxeo..................................................................................123
1.2 Study background and methodology..........................................21 4.9 AVA Biochem AG......................................................................125
1.3 Market data across all bio-based polymers................................25 4.10 Avantium B.V............................................................................126
4.11 Ayas Renewables Inc...............................................................128
2 Market data for selected Bio-based Building Blocks 4.12 BASF SE..................................................................................129
2.1 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA).............................................29 4.13 BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.................132
2.2 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO)...........................................................30 4.14 Bio-Camak Bio-Refineria, S.A...................................................133
2.3 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)........................................................32 4.15 Biokim.....................................................................................134
2.4 Epichlorohydrin (ECH).................................................................33 4.16 BioLogiQ, Inc............................................................................135
2.5 Ethylene....................................................................................35 4.17 Bio-on S.p.A.............................................................................136
2.6 Furan derivatives.......................................................................37 4.18 BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG...........................................................139
2.7 5-Chloromethylfurfural (5-CMF).................................................39 4.19 BluCon Biotech GmbH..............................................................140
2.8 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA).......................................40 4.20 Bluepha Co., Ltd.......................................................................141
2.9 Furandicarboxylic methyl ester (FDME)......................................41 4.21 Borealis AG..............................................................................142
2.10 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)...............................................42 4.22 Braskem S.A............................................................................144
2.11 Isosorbide..................................................................................43 4.23 Cardia Bioplastics Ltd..............................................................147
2.12 Lactic acid – D-lactic acid (D-LA)...............................................44 4.24 Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd...................................................148
2.13 Lactic acid – L-lactic acid (L-LA)................................................45 4.25 Celanese Corp..........................................................................150
2.14 Lactide......................................................................................47 4.26 Cerdia International GmbH (formerly Rhodia Acetow GmbH).....151
2.15 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)........................................................49 4.27 Chengdu Dikang Biomedical Co., Ltd........................................152
2.16 Monopropylene glycol (MPG)......................................................51 4.28 China New Materials Holdings Ltd............................................153
2.17 Naphtha.....................................................................................53 4.29 Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd........................154
2.18 1,5-Pentametylenediamine (DN5) .............................................61 4.30 CJ CheilJedang Corp................................................................155
2.19 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) ........................................................62 4.31 Corbion....................................................................................156
2.20 Sebacic acid .............................................................................63 4.32 Covestro AG.............................................................................159
2.21 Succinic acid (SA) .....................................................................65 4.33 Cristal Union Group..................................................................161
4.34 Daicel Corp..............................................................................162
3 Market data for selected Bio-based Polymers 4.35 DAK Americas LLC...................................................................163
3.1 Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic......................................67 4.36 Danimer Scientific LLC.............................................................164
3.2 Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – linear......................................69 4.37 Diamond Green Diesel.............................................................166
3.3 Casein polymers........................................................................70 4.38 DIC Corp..................................................................................167
3.4 Cellulose acetate (CA)................................................................71 4.39 Dongying Hebang Chemical Corp.............................................168
3.5 Epoxy resins..............................................................................76 4.40 DSM N.V...................................................................................169
3.6 Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)....................79 4.41 DuPont.....................................................................................171
3.7 Polyamides (PA).........................................................................80 4.42 DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Co., LLC.................................174
3.8 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) – 4.43 Eastman Chemical Company....................................................176
fossil- and bio-based.................................................................83 4.44 EMS – Grivory..........................................................................177
3.9 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers – 4.45 Eni S.p.A..................................................................................178
fossil- and bio-based.................................................................85 4.46 Evonik Industries AG................................................................179
3.10 Polyethylene (PE).......................................................................87 4.47 Far Eastern New Century Corporation.......................................181
3.11 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)......................................................89 4.48 Fujian Haobang Chemical Industries........................................183
3.12 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)................................................90 4.49 Full Cycle Bioplastics LLC........................................................184
3.13 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).....................................................92 4.50 Futerro.....................................................................................185
3.14 Polylactic acid (PLA)...................................................................95 4.51 FuturaMat................................................................................186
3.15 Polypropylene (PP).....................................................................98 4.52 Galactic...................................................................................187
3.16 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)........................................100 4.53 Grabio Greentech Corp.............................................................189
3.17 Polyurethanes (PUR).................................................................102 4.54 Guangzhou Bio-plus Materials Technology Co., Ltd...................190
3.18 Starch-containing polymer compounds....................................109 4.55 Haldor Topsoe A/S....................................................................191
4.56 Hebei Casda Biomaterials Co., Ltd............................................192
4.57 Hebei Jiaao Glycerol Chemical Co., Ltd.....................................193
4 Producers of Bio-based Building Blocks and
4.58 Hebei Jiheng Chemical Co., Ltd................................................194
Polymers: Company Profiles 4.59 Hebei Xinhua Lactic Acid Co.....................................................195
4.1 Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd................................112 4.60 Heilongjiang Chenneng Bioengineering Ltd..............................196
4.2 AGRANA Staerke GmbH...........................................................113 4.61 Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd..........................197
4.3 Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd.........................................................115 4.62 Henan Piaoan Group Co., Ltd....................................................198
4.4 An Phat Bioplastics..................................................................116 4.63 Henan Xinghan Biological Technology Co., Ltd..........................199

14 © nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications

Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2020 – 2025

4.64 Hengshui Jinghua Chemical Co., Ltd........................................200 4.123 SECI S.p.A................................................................................273

4.65 Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd..................................................201 4.124 S-EnPol Co., Ltd.......................................................................274
4.66 Hubei Guangshui National Chemical Co., Ltd............................202 4.125 Shandong Baisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd..............................275
4.67 Hunan Anhua Lactic Acid Co.....................................................203 4.126 Shandong Fuwin New Material Co., Ltd....................................276
4.68 India Glycols Ltd.......................................................................204 4.127 Shandong Landian Biological Technology Co., Ltd....................277
4.69 Indorama Ventures Public Co. Ltd.............................................206 4.128 Shandong Minji Chemical Co., Ltd............................................278
4.70 INOVYN....................................................................................207 4.129 Shandong Siqiang Chemical Group Co., Ltd..............................279
4.71 Jiangsu Anpon Electrochemical Co., Ltd...................................209 4.130 Shanghai Disoxidation Macromolecule Materials Co.,
4.72 Jiangsu Senda Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.........................210 Ltd(DM®)................................................................................280
4.73 Jiangsu Suxing........................................................................211 4.131 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Co., Ltd.........................281
4.74 Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd..............................212 4.132 Shantou Liangyi.......................................................................282
4.75 Jiangsu Zhongzheng Biochemical Co., Ltd...............................213 4.133 Shanxi Leda Biochemical Co., Ltd............................................283
4.76 Jilin COFCO Biomaterial Corporation........................................214 4.134 Shanxi Zhengang Chemical Co., Ltd.........................................284
4.77 JinHui ZhaoLang High Technology Co., Ltd. .............................215 4.135 Shenghong Group....................................................................285
4.78 Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG.........................................................216 4.136 Shenzhen Esun Industrial Co., Ltd.
4.79 Kaneka Corp............................................................................217 (formerly Shenzhen Bright China Industrial Co., Ltd.)................286
4.80 Khumo Renewables.................................................................218 4.137 Shenzhen Guanghua Weiye Industry Co., Ltd............................287
4.81 Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd........................................................219 4.138 Showa Denko K.K....................................................................288
4.82 Lactips S.A...............................................................................221 4.139 Sichuan Dikang Sci & Tech Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd....289
4.83 LCY Biosciences......................................................................222 4.140 Sichuan Yibin Wuliangye Group Co., Ltd....................................290
4.84 LEUNA-Harze GmbH.................................................................223 4.141 Sinolac (Huludao) Biotech Co., Ltd............................................291
4.85 Loick Biowertstoff GmbH.........................................................224 4.142 Sinopec Group.........................................................................292
4.86 LOTTE Chemical Corp..............................................................225 4.143 SK Chemicals Co., Ltd..............................................................293
4.87 LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V......................................227 4.144 SPC Biotech Private Ltd............................................................295
4.88 Meghmani Finechem Ltd..........................................................229 4.145 Spolchemie..............................................................................296
4.89 Mercurius Biorefining Inc.........................................................230 4.146 Stora Enso...............................................................................297
4.90 METabolic EXplorer S.A. (METEX).............................................231 4.147 Succinity GmbH.......................................................................298
4.91 Mitsubishi Chemical Corp.........................................................233 4.148 Sulzer Chemtech AG................................................................299
4.92 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc..............................................235 4.149 Sunar Misir..............................................................................301
4.93 Moore Capital LLC...................................................................236 4.150 SUPLA Material Technology Co., Ltd.........................................302
4.94 Multibax Public Co., Ltd............................................................237 4.151 TAIF Group...............................................................................303
4.95 Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd........................................238 4.152 Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd..............................................................304
4.96 Nafigate Corp...........................................................................239 4.153 Teijin Ltd..................................................................................305
4.97 Nantong Cellulose Fibers Co., Ltd.............................................240 4.154 TerraVerdae BioWorks Inc........................................................307
4.98 Nantong Jiuding Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.......................241 4.155 thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG (includes Uhde
4.99 NatureWorks LLC.....................................................................242 Inventa-Fischer AG and thyssenkrupp Uhde GmbH)..................309
4.100 Neste.......................................................................................244 4.156 Tianan Biologic Material Co., Ltd..............................................311
4.101 Newlight Technologies LLC......................................................246 4.157 Tianxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd................................................312
4.102 Ningbo Huanyang Chemical Co., Ltd.........................................248 4.158 Tongliao Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd....................................313
4.103 Ningbo Zhenyiang....................................................................249 4.159 Total Corbion............................................................................314
4.104 Ningxia Hypow Biotechnology Co., Ltd......................................250 4.160 Total SE...................................................................................315
4.105 Novamont S.p.A.......................................................................251 4.161 Toyobo Co., Ltd........................................................................316
4.106 NUREL S.A...............................................................................253 4.162 Treemera GmbH.......................................................................317
4.107 Oleon N.V.................................................................................254 4.163 Unitika Ltd...............................................................................318
4.108 Origin Materials.......................................................................255 4.164 UPM........................................................................................319
4.109 PHABuilder..............................................................................256 4.165 Wuhan Sanjiang Space Good Biotech Co., Ltd..........................321
4.110 PHARIO Project........................................................................257 4.166 Xinjiang BlueRidge Tunhe Chemical Industry Joint
4.111 PHB Industrial S.A....................................................................258 Stock Co., Ltd..........................................................................322
4.112 Plantic Technologies Ltd...........................................................259 4.167 Yihai Kerry Group.....................................................................323
4.113 PT Intera Lestari Polimer 4.168 Yunan Fuji Bio-Material Technology Co., Ltd.............................324
(formerly Inter Aneka Lestari Kimia, PT)....................................261 4.169 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Co., Ltd...................................325
4.114 PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd......................................................262 4.170 Zheijang Haobang Chemical Co., Ltd........................................326
4.115 Qnature UG..............................................................................263 4.171 Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd....................327
4.116 Radici Group............................................................................264 4.172 Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd........................................328
4.117 Red Avenue New Materials Group............................................265 4.173 Zhejiang Youcheng New Materials Co., Ltd...............................330
4.118 Rodenburg Biopolymers B.V.....................................................266 4.174 Zibo Qixiang Tengda Chemical Co., Ltd.....................................331
4.119 Roquette S.A............................................................................268
4.120 RWDC Industries......................................................................270 5 Company Product Index
4.121 Samyang GENEX......................................................................271
4.122 Sebacic Oman SAOC................................................................272 6 List of Acronyms

© nova-Institut GmbH 2021 | www.renewable-carbon.eu/publications 15

Market and Trend Reports Institute
for Ecology and Innovation

21 NDED
20 R

20 EXTEISED
20 ATA FO

EW

EW
EV
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N
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Bio-based Building Blocks and Production of Cannabinoids via
Polymers – Global Capacities, Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) as Chemical Extraction, Chemical Synthesis Chemical recycling – Status, Trends
Production and Trends 2020 – 2025 Feedstock for Polymers and Especially Biotechnology and Challenges
Technologies, Polymers, Developers and Producers Current Technologies, Potential & Drawbacks and Technologies, policy, start-ups, and key players
EPDM Polymers PVC

PP
PMMA Future Development
PE
Vinyl chloride

Unsaturated polyester resins

Propylene
Methyl methacrylate
PEF Plastic recycling and recovery routes
Polyurethanes
MEG

Building blocks Plant extraction Chemical synthesis

Natural rubber Aniline Ethylene
for UPR Recycling
Virgin Feedstock Renewable Feedstock
Cellulose-based 2,5-FDCA OH

polymers Building blocks OH OH

for polyurethanes Levulinic O Recovery Chemicals

acid
HO O
Refining
Lignin-based polymers
Secondary
PFA Naphthta Ethanol PET
OH
Cannabinoids OH Monomer
Depolymerisation
Solvolysis
Conversion
Pyrolysis
valuable Recovery Fuels
Waste oils
5-HMF/5-CMF FDME O
O
Thermal depolymerisation Gasification materials
Furfuryl alcohol OH OH Enzymolysis
Casein polymers Polymerisation
Furfural
Natural rubber Saccharose PTF HO HO Recovery Others
Purification
Starch-containing Hemicellulose Lignocellulose 1,3 Propanediol Polymer
polymer compounds Dissolution
Casein Fructose PTT
Terephthalic Plant extraction Formulation

Tertiary recycling
Non-edible milk acid
MPG NOPs

(chemical)
ECH
Starch
SBR Genetic engineering Biotechnological production Plastic

Primary recycling
Glycerol p-Xylene
Plant oils

(mechanical)
Fatty acids CO2 capture

Secondary recycling
Castor oil Processing
11-AA Glucose Isobutanol THF

(mechanical)
Lysine PBT
Sebacic
acid 1,4-Butanediol Product
Succinic
acid
DDDA
Use
PBAT
Caprolactame Adipic
acid
HMDA DN5 Sorbitol
available at www.renewable-carbon.eu/graphics © -Institute.eu | 2021 Product (end-of-use)
3-HP Energy
Lactic Quaternary recycling
acid Acrylic PBS(x) (energy recovery)
Itaconic
acid acid
Isosorbide

PA Lactide Landfill
Superabsorbent polymers

Epoxy resins © -Institute.eu | 2020

ABS
PHA
APC PLA

Authors: Pia Skoczinski, Michael Carus, Doris de Guzman, Authors: Pauline Ruiz, Achim Raschka, Pia Skoczinski, Authors: Pia Skoczinski, Franjo Grotenhermen, Bernhard Beitzke, Author: Lars Krause, Florian Dietrich, Pia Skoczinski,
Harald Käb, Raj Chinthapalli, Jan Ravenstijn, Wolfgang Baltus Jan Ravenstijn and Michael Carus, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany Michael Carus and Achim Raschka Michael Carus, Pauline Ruiz, Lara Dammer, Achim Raschka,
and Achim Raschka nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
January 2021 January 2021
January 2021 November 2020
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Commercialisation updates on Levulinic acid – A versatile platform Succinic acid – From a promising Standards and labels for
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Global market dynamics, demand/supply, trends and What will a realistic future market look like?
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Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2011 to 2024 ■ Acidic ingredient for denture cleaner/toothpaste ■ De-icer
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O HO ■
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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2024 levulinic acid
■ Bread-softening agent ■ Anodizing Aluminium
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All figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets © -Institute.eu | 2020 O OH N O ■ Flavouring agent and acidic seasoning ■ Coatings, inks, pigments (powder/radiation-curable
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Author: Authors: Achim Raschka, Pia Skoczinski, Raj Chinthapalli, Authors: Raj Chinthapalli, Ángel Puente, Pia Skoczinski, Authors: Lara Dammer, Michael Carus and Dr. Asta Partanen
Doris de Guzman, Tecnon OrbiChem, United Kingdom Ángel Puente and Michael Carus, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany Achim Raschka, Michael Carus, nova-Institut GmbH, Germany nova-Institut GmbH, Germany
Updated Executive Summary and Market Review May 2020 – October 2019 October 2019 May 2017
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of biodegradable and compostable Brand Views and Adoption of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC)
Bio-based polymers, a revolutionary change plastic products in Europe Bio-based Polymers and Natural Fibre Composites (NFC)
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Mobile: +31.6.2247.8593

Author: Jan Ravenstijn, Jan Ravenstijn Consulting, the Netherlands Authors: Harald Kaeb (narocon, lead), Florence Aeschelmann, Author: Dr. Harald Kaeb, narocon Innovation Consulting, Germany Authors: Michael Carus, Dr. Asta Eder, Lara Dammer, Dr. Hans Korte,
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