Chapter 12, Solution 1.

(a) If Vab  400 , then

400
Van   - 30  231 - 30 V
3
Vbn  231 - 150 V
Vcn  231 - 270 V

(b) For the acb sequence,

Vab  Van  Vbn  Vp 0  Vp 120
 1 3
Vab  Vp 1   j   Vp 3 - 30
 2 2 

i.e. in the acb sequence, Vab lags Van by 30.

Hence, if Vab  400 , then

400
Van  30  23130 V
3
Vbn  231150 V
Vcn  231 - 90 V
Chapter 12, Solution 2.

Since phase c lags phase a by 120, this is an acb sequence.

Vbn  120(30  120)  120150 V

Chapter 12, Solution 3.

Since Vbn leads Vcn by 120, this is an abc sequence.

Van  440(130  120)  440–110˚ V.

Chapter 12, Solution 4.

Knowing the line-to-line voltages we can calculate the wye voltages and can let the value
of V a be a reference with a phase shift of zero degrees.

V L = 440 = V p or V p = 440/1.7321 = 254 V or V an = 254‫ס‬0° V which

determines, using abc roataion, both V bn = 254‫–ס‬120° and V cn = 254‫ס‬120°.

I a = V an /Z Y = 254/(40‫ס‬30°) = 6.35–30˚ A

I b = I a –120˚ = 6.35–150˚ A

I c = I a +120˚ = 6.3590˚ A
Chapter 12, Solution 5.

V AB = 1.7321xV AN +30˚ = 207.8(32˚+30˚) = 207.862˚ V or

v AB = 207.8cos(ωt+62˚) V
which also leads to,
v BC = 207.8cos(ωt–58˚) V

and
v CA = 207.8cos(ωt+182˚) V

207.8cos(ωt+62˚) V, 207.8cos(ωt–58˚) V, 207.8cos(ωt+182˚) V

Chapter 12, Solution 6.

Using Fig. 12.41, design a problem to help other students to better understand balanced wye-wye
connected circuits.

Although there are many ways to work this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

For the Y-Y circuit of Fig. 12.41, find the line currents, the line\ voltages, and the load
voltages.

Figure 12.41

Solution
Z Y  10  j5  11.1826.56

The line currents are

Van 220 0
Ia    19.68 - 26.56 A
Z Y 11.1826.56
I b  I a  - 120  19.68 - 146.56 A
I c  I a 120  19.6893.44 A

The line voltages are

Vab  220 3 30  38130 V
Vbc  381 - 90 V
Vca  381 - 210 V

The load voltages are

VAN  I a Z Y  Van  2200 V
VBN  Vbn  220 - 120 V
VCN  Vcn  220120 V
Chapter 12, Solution 7.

This is a balanced Y-Y system.

+
4400 V Z Y = 6  j8 


Using the per-phase circuit shown above,

4400
Ia   4453.13 A
6  j8
I b  I a  - 120  44 - 66.87 A
I c  I a 120  44173.13 A
Chapter 12, Solution 8.

Consider the per phase equivalent circuit shown below.

Zl

V an +
_ ZL

5.396–35.1˚ A

I a = V an /( Z l + Z L ) = (100 20°)/(10.6+j15.2) = (100 20°)/(18.531 55.11°)

= 5.396 –35.11° amps.

I b = I a –120° = 5.396 –155.11° amps.

Ic = Ia 120° = 5.396 84.89° amps.

V La = I a Z L = (4.414–j3.103)(10+j14) = (5.396 –35.11° 17.205 54.46°)

 = 92.84 19.35° volts.

V Lb = V La –120° = 94.84 –100.65° volts.

V Lc = V La 120° = 94.84 139.35° volts.

Chapter 12, Solution 9.

Van 1200
Ia    4.8 - 36.87 A
Z L  Z Y 20  j15

I b  I a  - 120  4.8 - 156.87 A

I c  I a 120  4.883.13 A

As a balanced system, I n  0 A
Chapter 12, Solution 10.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.

For phase a,
Van 4400 440
Ia     15.28320.32
Z A  2 27  j10 28.79  20.32

For phase b,
Vbn 440 - 120
Ib    20 - 120
ZB  2 22

For phase c,
Vcn 440120 440120
Ic     33.8597.38
ZC  2 12  j 5 1322.62

The current in the neutral line is

I n  -(I a  I b  I c ) or - I n  I a  I b  I c

- I n  (14.332  j 5.308)  (10  j17.321)  (4.346  j33.57)

I n  0.014  j 21.56  21.56–89.96°A

Chapter 12, Solution 11.

Given that V p = 240 and that the system is balanced, V L = 1.7321V p = 415.7 V.

I p = V L /|2–j3| = 415.7/3.606 = 115.29 A and

I L = 1.7321x115.29 = 199.69 A.
Chapter 12, Solution 12.

Using Fig. 12.45, design a problem to help other students to better understand wye-delta
connected circuits.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

Solve for the line currents in the Y- circuit of Fig. 12.45. Take Z  = 6045.

Figure 12.45

Solution

Convert the delta-load to a wye-load and apply per-phase analysis.

Ia
+
1100 V ZY


Z
ZY   20 45 
3

110 0
Ia   5.5 - 45 A
2045
I b  I a  - 120  5.5 - 165 A
I c  I a 120  5.575 A
Chapter 12, Solution 13.

Convert the delta load to wye as shown below.

1100o V rms
2
–+ ZY

110–120o V rms 2
ZY ZY
–+

110120o V rms 2

–+

1
ZY  Z   3  j 2 
3

We consider the single phase equivalent shown below.

2

1100˚ V rms +
_ 3 – j2 

I a = 110/(2 + 3 – j2) = 20.4321.8° A

I L = |I a | = 20.43 A

S = 3|I a |2Z Y = 3(20.43)2(3–j2) = 4514–33.96˚ = 3744 – j2522

P = Re(S) = 3.744 kW.

Chapter 12, Solution 14.

We apply mesh analysis with Z L = (12+j12) Ω.

a Ia
1+j2 Ω

1000 +
 I1
A
n
100120 100–120 ZL ZL
  I3
+ +
Ib
c 1+j2 Ω ZL C
I2 b B

1+j2 Ω
Ic

For mesh 1,
 100  100  120o  I1 (14  j16)  (1  j 2) I 2  (12  j12) I 3  0 or
(14  j16) I1  (1  j 2) I 2  (12  j12) I 3  100  50  j86.6  150  j86.6 (1)

For mesh 2,
100120 o  100  120 o  I 1 (1  j 2)  (12  j12) I 3  (14  j16) I 2  0 or
 (1  j 2) I 1  (14  j16) I 2  (12  j12) I 3  50  j86.6  50  j86.6   j173.2 (2)

For mesh 3,
 (12  j12) I 1  (12  j12) I 2  (36  j36) I 3  0 or I 3 = I 1 + I 2 (3)

Solving for I 1 and I 2 using (1) to (3) gives

I 1 = 12.804–50.19° A = (8.198 – j9.836) A and

I 2 = 12.804–110.19° A = (–4.419 – j12.018) A

I a = I 1 = 12.804–50.19° A

I b = I 2 – I 1 = 12.804–170.19° A

I c = –I 2 = 12.80469.81° A

As a check we can convert the delta into a wye circuit. Thus,

Z Y = (12+j12)/3 = 4+j4 and I a = 100/(1+j2+4+j4) = 100/(5+j6)

= 100/(7.8102‫ס‬50.19°) =

12.804 ‫–ס‬50.19° A.

So, the answer does check.

Chapter 12, Solution 15.

Convert the delta load, Z  , to its equivalent wye load.

Z
Z Ye   8  j10
3

(12  j5)(8  j10)

Z p  Z Y || Z Ye   8.076  - 14.68
20  j5
Z p  7.812  j2.047

Z T  Z p  Z L  8.812  j1.047
Z T  8.874  - 6.78

We now use the per-phase equivalent circuit.

Vp 210
Ia  , where Vp 
Zp  ZL 3

210
Ia   13.66 6.78
3 (8.874  - 6.78)

I L  I a  13.66 A
Chapter 12, Solution 16.

(a) I CA  - I AC  5(-30  180)  5150

This implies that

I AB  530
I BC  5  90

I a  I AB 3  - 30  8.660˚ A
I b  8.66–120˚ A
I c  8.66120˚ A

VAB 1100
(b) Z    22–30˚ Ω.
I AB 530
Chapter 12, Solution 17.

I a = 1.7321xI AB –30˚ or
I AB = I a /(1.7321–30˚) = 2.887(–25˚+30˚) = 2.8875˚ A
I BC = I AB –120˚ = 2.887–115˚ A
I CA = I AB +120˚ = 2.887125˚ A

2.8875˚ A, 2.887–115˚ A, 2.887125˚ A

Chapter 12, Solution 18.

VAB  Van 3 30  (22060)( 3 30)  381.190

Z   12  j9  1536.87

VAB 381.190
I AB    25.453.13˚ A
Z  1536.87

I BC  I AB  - 120  25.4–66.87˚ A

I CA  I AB 120  25.4173.13˚ A
Chapter 12, Solution 19.

Z   30  j10  31.62 18.43

The phase currents are

Vab 1730
I AB    5.47  - 18.43 A
Z  31.62 18.43
I BC  I AB  - 120  5.47  - 138.43 A
I CA  I AB 120  5.47 101.57 A

The line currents are

I a  I AB  I CA  I AB 3  - 30
I a  5.47 3  - 48.43  9.474 - 48.43 A

I b  I a  - 120  9.474 - 168.43 A

I c  I a 120  9.47471.57 A
Chapter 12, Solution 20.

Using Fig. 12.51, design a problem to help other students to better understand balanced delta-
delta connected circuits.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

Refer to the - circuit in Fig. 12.51. Find the line and phase currents. Assume that the
load impedance is 12 + j9 per phase.

Figure 12.51

Solution

Z   12  j9  1536.87

The phase currents are

2100
I AB   14 - 36.87 A
1536.87
I BC  I AB  - 120  14 - 156.87 A
I CA  I AB 120  1483.13 A

The line currents are

I a  I AB 3  - 30  24.25 - 66.87 A
I b  I a  - 120  24.25 - 186.87 A
I c  I a 120  24.2553.13 A
Chapter 12, Solution 21.

 230120  230120
(a) I AC    17.96  98.66 A
10  j8 12.80638.66

I AC = 17.96–98.66˚ A

230  120 2300

I bB  I BC  I BA  I BC  I AB  
10  j8 10  j8
(b)  17.96  158.66  17.96  38.66
 16.729  j 6.536  14.024  j11.220  30.75  j 4.684

I bB = 31.1171.34˚ A.
Chapter 12, Solution 22.

Convert the -connected source to a Y-connected source.

Vp 440
Van   - 30   - 30  254 - 30
3 3

Convert the -connected load to a Y-connected load.

Z (4  j6)(4  j5)
Z  Z Y ||  (4  j6) || (4  j5) 
3 8 j
Z  5.723  j0.2153

ZL Ia

+
V an Z


Van 254  30

Ia    32.88–28.4˚ A
Z L  Z 7.723  j 0.2153
I b  I a  - 120  32.88–148.4˚ A
I c  I a 120  32.8891.6˚ A
Chapter 12, Solution 23.

V AB 202
(a) I AB  
Z 2560 o

202 3  30 o
I a  I AB 3  30 
o
 13.995  90 o
25 60 o

I L | I a | 13.995 A

(b)
 202 3 
P  P1  P2  3V L I L cos   3 ( 202)  cos 60 o

 25 

= 2.448 kW
Chapter 12, Solution 24.

Convert both the source and the load to their wye equivalents.
Z
ZY   20 30  17.32  j10
3
Vab
Van   - 30  240.20
3

We now use per-phase analysis.

1+j Ia

+
V an 2030 


Van 240.2
Ia    11.24 - 31 A
(1  j)  (17.32  j10) 21.37 31

I b  I a  - 120  11.24 - 151 A

I c  I a 120  11.2489 A

But I a  I AB 3  - 30

11.24  - 31
I AB   6.489 - 1 A
3  - 30

I BC  I AB  - 120  6.489 - 121 A

I CA  I AB 120  6.489119 A
Chapter 12, Solution 25.

Convert the delta-connected source to an equivalent wye-connected source and consider

the single-phase equivalent.

440 (10  30)

Ia 
3 ZY
where ZY  3  j 2  10  j8  13  j 6  14.318  24.78

440  20
Ia  \= 17.742 4.78° amps.
3 (14.318  24.78)

I b = I a –120° = 17.742 –115.22° amps.

I c = I a +120° = 17.742 124.78° amps.

Chapter 12, Solution 26.

Using Fig. 12.55, design a problem to help other students to better understand balanced delta
connected sources delivering power to balanced wye connected loads.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

For the balanced circuit in Fig. 12.55, V ab = 1250 V. Find the line currents I aA , I bB ,
and I cC .

Figure 12.55

Solution

Transform the source to its wye equivalent.

Vp
Van   - 30  72.17  - 30
3

Now, use the per-phase equivalent circuit.

Van
I aA  , Z  24  j15  28.3 - 32
Z

72.17  - 30
I aA   2.55 2 A
28.3 - 32

I bB  I aA  - 120  2.55 - 118 A

I cC  I aA 120  2.55122 A
Chapter 12, Solution 27.
Since Z L and Z  are in series, we can lump them together so that
ZY  2  j  6  j 4  8  j 5
VP
 30o
208  30o
Ia  3 
ZY 3(8  j 5)
208(0.866  j 0.5)(6  j 4)
VL  (6  j 4) I a   80.81  j 43.54
3(8  j 5)

|V L | = 91.79 V
Chapter 12, Solution 28.

VL  Vab  440  3VP or V P = 440/1.7321 = 254

For reference, let V AN = 2540˚ V which leads to

V BN = 254–120˚ V and V CN = 254120˚ V.

The line currents are found as follows,

I a = V AN /Z Y = 254/2530˚ = 10.16–30˚ A.
This leads to, I b = 10.16–150˚ A and I c = 10.1690˚ A.
Chapter 12, Solution 29.

We can replace the delta load with a wye load, Z Y = Z Δ /3 = 17+j15Ω.

The per-phase equivalent circuit is shown below.

Zl

V an +
_ ZY

I a = V an /|Z Y + Z l | = 240/|17+j15+0.4+j1.2| = 240/|17.4+j16.2| = 240/23.77 =

10.095

S = 3[(I a )2(17+j15)] = 3x101.91(17+j15)

= [5.197+j4.586] kVA.
Chapter 12, Solution 30.

Since this a balanced system, we can replace it by a per-phase equivalent, as

shown below.

+ ZL
Vp
-

3V 2 p VL
S  3S p  * , Vp 
Z p 3

V 2L (208) 2
S *   1.442145 o kVA
Z p 30  45 o

P  S cos   1.02 kW
Chapter 12, Solution 31.

(a)
PP
Pp  6,000, cos  0.8, Sp   6 / 0.8  7.5 kVA
cos 
Q p  S P sin   4.5 kVAR
S  3S p  3(6  j 4.5)  18  j13.5 kVA
For delta-connected load, V p = V L = 240 (rms). But

3V 2 p 3V 2 p 3( 240) 2
S 
 Z*p   , Z P  [6.144  j 4.608] 
Z*p S (18  j13.5) x10 3

6000
(b) Pp  3V L I L cos  
 IL   18.04 A
3 x 240 x 0.8

(c ) We find C to bring the power factor to unity

Qc 4500
Qc  Q p  4.5 kVA 
 C   207.2 F
V rms 2x 60 x 240 2
2
Chapter 12, Solution 32.

Design a problem to help other students to better understand power in a balanced three-
phase system.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the
same kind of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

A balanced wye load is connected to a 60-Hz three-phase source with V ab = 2400˚V.

The load has lagging pf =0.5 and each phase draws 5 kW. (a) Determine the load
impedance Z Y . (b) Find I a , I b , and I c .

Solution

240
(a) | Vab | 3V p  240 
 Vp   138.56
3
Van  V p  30o
pf  0.5  cos      60o
P 5
P  S cos   S   10 kVA
cos  0.5
Q  S sin   10sin 60  8.66
S p  5  j8.66 kVA
But
V p2 V p2
138.562
SP  
 Z  *
  0.96  j1.663
S p (5  j8.66) x103
p
Z *p
Z p = [0.96 + j1.663] 

Van 138.56  30o

(b) Ia    72.17  90o A = 72.17‫–ס‬90° A
ZY 0.96  j1.6627

I b  I a  120o  72.17  210o A = 72.17‫ס‬150° A

I c  I a  120o  72.17  30o A = 72.17‫ס‬30° A

Chapter 12, Solution 33.

S  3 VL I L 

S  S  3 VL I L

For a Y-connected load,

IL  Ip , VL  3 Vp

S  3 Vp I p

S 4800
IL  Ip    7.69 A
3 Vp (3)(208)

VL  3 Vp  3  208  360.3 V
Chapter 12, Solution 34.

VL 220
Vp  
3 3

Vp 220 127.02
Ia     6.73258
ZY 3 (10  j16) 18.868  58

I L  I p  6.732A

S  3 VL I L   3  220  6.732 - 58  2565  58

S = [1.3592–j2.175] kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 35.

(a) This is a balanced three-phase system and we can use per phase equivalent circuit.
The delta-connected load is converted to its wye-connected equivalent

1
Z '' y  Z   (60  j 30) / 3  20  j10
3

IL

+
Z’y Z’’y
230 V
-

Z y  Z ' y // Z '' y  (40  j10) //( 20  j10)  13.5  j 5.5

230
IL   [14.61  j5.953] A
13.5  j5.5

(b) S  3Vs I * L  [10.081  j4.108] kVA

(c ) pf = P/S = 0.9261
Chapter 12, Solution 36.

(a) S = 1 [0.75 + sin(cos-10.75) ] = 0.75 + j0.6614 MVA

S (0.75  j 0.6614) x10 6

(b) S  3V p I * p 
 I*p    59.52  j 52.49
3V p 3x 4200

PL | I p | 2 Rl  (79.36) 2 (4)  25.19 kW

(c) V s  V L  I p (4  j )  4.4381  j 0.21 kV  4.443 - 2.709 o kV

Chapter 12, Solution 37.

P 12
S   20
pf 0.6

S  S  20  12  j16 kVA

But S  3 VL I L 

20  10 3
IL   55.51 A
3  208

2
S  3 Ip Zp

For a Y-connected load, I L  I p .

S (12  j16)  10 3
Zp  2 
3 IL (3)(55.51) 2

Z p  [1.298  j1.731] 
Chapter 12, Solution 38.

As a balanced three-phase system, we can use the per-phase equivalent shown below.

110 0 110 0

Ia  
(1  j2)  (9  j12) 10  j14

(110) 2
S p  Ia ZY   (9  j12)
2

(10 2  14 2 )

The complex power is

(110) 2
S  3S p  3  (9  j12)
296

S  (1.1037+j1.4716) kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 39.

Consider the system shown below.

a 5 A

-j6  4
100120  + 1000 I1
+  8 I3 j3 
5
c  + C
b B
10 
100-120 I2

5

For mesh 1,
100  (18  j6) I 1  5 I 2  (8  j6) I 3 (1)

For mesh 2,
100  - 120  20 I 2  5 I 1  10 I 3
20 - 120  - I 1  4 I 2  2 I 3 (2)

For mesh 3,
0  - (8  j6) I 1  10 I 2  (22  j3) I 3 (3)

To eliminate I 2 , start by multiplying (1) by 2,

200  (36  j12) I 1  10 I 2  (16  j12) I 3 (4)

Subtracting (3) from (4),

200  (44  j18) I 1  (38  j15) I 3 (5)

Multiplying (2) by 5 4 ,
25 - 120  -1.25 I 1  5 I 2  2.5 I 3 (6)

Adding (1) and (6),

87.5  j21.65  (16.75  j6) I 1  (10.5  j6) I 3 (7)

In matrix form, (5) and (7) become

  200   44  j18 - 38  j15  I 1 
87.5  j12.65  16.75  j6 - 10.5  j6  I 
    3 

  192.5  j26.25 ,  1  900.25  j935.2 ,  3  110.3  j1327.6

 1 1298.1 - 46.09
I1    6.682  - 38.33  5.242  j4.144
 194.28 - 7.76

 3 1332.2 - 85.25
I3    6.857 - 77.49  1.485  j6.694
 194.28 - 7.76

We obtain I 2 from (6),

1 1
I 2  5 - 120  I 1  I 3
4 2
I 2  (-2.5  j4.33)  (1.3104  j1.0359)  (0.7425  j3.347)
I 2  -0.4471  j8.713

The average power absorbed by the 8- resistor is

2 2
P1  I 1  I 3 (8)  3.756  j2.551 (8)  164.89 W

The average power absorbed by the 4- resistor is

2
P2  I 3 (4)  (6.8571) 2 (4)  188.1 W

The average power absorbed by the 10- resistor is

P3  I 2  I 3 (10)  - 1.9321  j2.019 (10)  78.12 W
2 2

Thus, the total real power absorbed by the load is

P  P1  P2  P3  431.1 W
Chapter 12, Solution 40.

Transform the delta-connected load to its wye equivalent.

Z
ZY   7  j8
3

Using the per-phase equivalent circuit above,

100 0
Ia   8.567  - 46.75
(1  j0.5)  (7  j8)

For a wye-connected load,

I p  I a  I a  8.567

2
S  3 Ip Z p  (3)(8.567) 2 (7  j8)

P  Re(S)  (3)(8.567) 2 (7)  1.541 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 41.

P 5 kW
S   6.25 kVA
pf 0.8

But S  3 VL I L

S 6.25  10 3
IL    9.021 A
3 VL 3  400
Chapter 12, Solution 42.

The load determines the power factor.

40
tan    1.333    53.13
30

pf  cos   0.6 (leading)

 7.2 
S  7.2  j (0.8)  7.2  j9.6 kVA
 0.6 
2
But S  3 Ip Zp

2 S (7.2  j9.6)  10 3
Ip    80
3Zp (3)(30  j40)

I p  8.944 A

I L  I p  8.944 A

S 12  10 3
VL    774.6 V
3 IL 3 (8.944)
Chapter 12, Solution 43.

2
S  3 Ip Zp , I p  I L for Y-connected loads

S  (3)(13.66) 2 (7.812  j2.047)

S  [4.373  j1.145] kVA

Chapter 12, Solution 44.

For a -connected load,

Vp  VL , IL  3 Ip

S  3 VL I L

S (12 2  5 2 )  10 3
IL    31.273
3 VL 3 (240)

At the source,
VL'  VL  I L Z l + I L Z l
VL'  2400  2(31.273)(1  j 3) = 240+62.546+j187.638

VL'  302.546+j187.638 = 356 31.81°

VL'  356 V

Also, at the source,

S’ = 3(31.273)2(1+j3) + (12,000+j5,000) = 2,934+12,000+j(8,802+5,000)

= 14,934+j13,802 = 20,335 42.744° thus, θ = 42.744°.

pf = cos(42.744°) = 0.7344

Checking, V Y = 240/1.73205 = 138.564, S = 3(138.564)2/(Z Y )* = 12,000+l5,000, and Z Y

= 57,600/(12,000–j5,000) = 57.6/(13 –22.62°) = 4.4308 22.62° = 4.09+j1.70416. The

total load seen by the source is 1+j3+4.09+j1.70416 = 5.09+j4.70416 = 6.9309 42.74°

per phase. This leads to θ = Tan-1(4.70416/5.09) = Tan-1(0.9242) = 42.744°. Clearly, the

answer checks. I l = 138.564/4.4308 = 31.273 A. Again the answer checks. Finally,
3(31.273)2(5.09+j4.70416) = 2,934(6.9309 42.74°) = 20,335 42.74°, the same as we

calculated above.
Chapter 12, Solution 45.

S  3 VL I L 

S - P 450  10 3
IL  , S    635.6 kVA
3 VL pf 0.708

(635.6)  - 
IL   834  - 45 A
3  440

At the source,
VL  440 0  I L (0.5  j2)
VL  440  (834  - 45)(2.062 76)
VL  440  1719.7 31
VL  1914.1  j885.7

VL  2.109 24.83 V
Chapter 12, Solution 46.

For the wye-connected load,

IL  Ip , VL  3 Vp I p  Vp Z
2 2
3 Vp 3 VL 3
S  3V I 
*
p p 
Z* Z*
2
VL (110) 2
S   121 W
Z* 100

For the delta-connected load,

Vp  VL , IL  3 Ip , I p  Vp Z
2 2
3 Vp 3 VL
S  3V I 
*
p p 
Z* Z*
(3)(110) 2
S  363 W
100

This shows that the delta-connected load will absorb three times more average
power than the wye-connected load using the same elements.. This is also evident
Z
from Z Y   .
3
Chapter 12, Solution 47.

pf  0.8 (lagging)     cos -1 (0.8)  36.87

S1  250 36.87  200  j150 kVA

pf  0.95 (leading)     cos -1 (0.95)  -18.19

S 2  300  - 18.19  285  j93.65 kVA

pf  1.0     cos -1 (1)  0

S 3  450 kVA

S T  S1  S 2  S 3  935  j56.35  936.7 3.45 kVA

S T  3 VL I L

936.7  10 3
IL   39.19 A rms
3 (13.8  10 3 )

pf  cos   cos(3.45)  0.9982 (lagging)

Chapter 12, Solution 48.

(a) We first convert the delta load to its equivalent wye load, as shown below.

A
A

ZA
18-j12  40+j15 

ZB
ZC

C B C B

60 

(40  j15)(18  j12)

` ZA   7.577  j1.923
118  j 3
60(40  j15).
ZB   20.52  j7.105
118  j3
60(18  j12)
ZC   8.992  j 6.3303
118  j 3
The system becomes that shown below.

a 2+j3 A

+
240<0o ZA
-
I1
- - ZB ZC
240<120o 240<-120o
+ + 2+j3
c I2 b
B C

2+j3

We apply KVL to the loops. For mesh 1,

 240  240  120 o  I 1 (2Z l  Z A  Z B )  I 2 ( Z B  Z l )  0
or

(32.097  j11.13) I 1  (22.52  j10.105) I 2  360  j 207.85 (1)

For mesh 2,
240120 o  240  120 o  I 1 ( Z B  Z l )  I 2 (2Z l  Z B  Z C )  0
or

 (22.52  j10.105) I 1  (33.51  j 6.775) I 2   j 415.69 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) gives
I 1  23.75  j 5.328, I 2  15.165  j11.89

I aA  I 1  24.34  12.64o A, I bB  I 2  I 1  10.81  142.6o A

I cC   I 2  19.27141.9o A

(b) S a  ( 2400o )( 24.3412.64o )  5841.612.64o

S b  ( 240  120o )(10.81142.6o )  2594.4 22.6o
S c  ( 240120o )(19.27  141.9o )  4624.8  21.9o
S  S a  S b  S c  12.386  j0.55 kVA  12.4 2.54o kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 49.

(a) For the delta-connected load, Z p  20  j10, V p  VL  220 (rms) ,

3V 2 p 3 x 220 2
S   5808  j 2904  6.94326.56 o kVA
*
Z p (20  j10)

P = 5.808 kW

(b) For the wye-connected load, Z p  20  j10, V p  VL / 3 ,

3V 2 p 3 x 220 2
S   2.16426.56 o kVA
Z*p 3(20  j10)

P = 1.9356 kW
Chapter 12, Solution 50.

S  S 1  S 2  8(0.6  j 0.8)  4.8  j 6.4 kVA, S 1  3 kVA

Hence,

S 2  S  S 1  1.8  j 6.4 kVA

3V 2 p VL .V 2 L
But S 2  , Vp  
 S2 
Z*p 3 Z*p

V *L 240 2
Z *
p   
 Z p  2.346  j 8.34
S2 (1.8  j 6.4) x10 3
Chapter 12, Solution 51.

This is an unbalanced system.

240  0o 240  0o
I AB    19.2-j14.4 A
Z1 8  j6

240120 240120
I BC    50.62147.65˚ = [–42.76+j27.09] A
Z2 4.7413  27.65

240  120 240  120

I CA    [–12–j20.78] A
Z3 10

At node A,
I aA  I AB  I CA  (19.2  j14.4)  (12  j 20.78)  31.2  j 6.38 A

I bBI b  I BC  I AB  (42.76  j 27.08)  (19.2  j14.4)  61.96  j 41.48 A

I cCI c  I CA  I BC  (12  j 20.78)  (42.76  j 27.08)  30.76  j 47.86 A

Chapter 12, Solution 52.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
Van 120 120
Ia    6 60
Z AN 20 60
Vbn 120 0
Ib    4 0
Z BN 30 0
Vcn 120  - 120
Ic    3 - 150
Z CN 40 30

Thus,
- In  Ia  Ib  Ic
- In  6 60  4 0  3 - 150
- In  (3  j5.196)  (4)  (-2.598  j1.5)
- In  4.405  j3.696  5.7540

I n  5.75220 A
Chapter 12, Solution 53.

Using Fig. 12.61, design a problem that will help other students to better understand
unbalanced three-phase systems.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the
same kind of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

In the wye-wye system shown in Fig. 12.61, loads connected to the source are
unbalanced. (a) Calculate I a , I b , and I c . (b) Find the total power delivered to the load.
Take V P = 240 V rms.

Ia

+
_ V P 0˚ 100

V P 120˚ V P –120˚ 80

+ – –+ Ib 60 

Ic

Figure 12.61 For Prob. 12.53.

Solution

Applying mesh analysis as shown below, we get.

Ia

+
_ V P 0˚ 100
I1

V P 120˚ V P –120˚ 80

+ – – + Ib 60 

I2
Ic

240–120˚ – 240 + 160I 1 – 60I 2 = 0 or 160I 1 – 60I 2 = 360+j207.84 (1)

240120˚ – 240–120˚ – 60I 1 + 140I 2 = 0 or – 60I 1 + 140I 2 = –j415.7 (2)

In matrix form, (1) and (2) become

160 60   I1  360  j 207.84 

 60 140   I     j 415.7 
  2  

Using MATLAB, we get,

>> Z=[160,-60;-60,140]
Z=
160 -60
-60 140
>> V=[(360+207.8i);-415.7i]
V=
1.0e+002 *
3.6000 + 2.0780i
0 - 4.1570i
>> I=inv(Z)*V
I=
2.6809 + 0.2207i
1.1489 - 2.8747i
I 1 = 2.681+j0.2207 and I 2 = 1.1489–j2.875
I a = I 1 = 2.694.71˚ A

I b = I 2 – I 1 = –1.5321–j3.096 = 3.454–116.33˚ A

I c = –I 2 = 3.096111.78˚ A

S a | I a |2 Z a  (2.69) 2 x100  723.61

Sb | I b |2 Z b  (3.454)2 x60  715.81
Sc | I c |2 Z c  (3.0957) 2 x80  766.67

S  S a  Sb  Sc  2.205 kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 54.
Consider the load as shown below.

Ia
A

Ib
B C
Ic

210  0o
Ia   2.625 A
80

2100 210
Ib    1.9414–56.31˚ A
60  j90 108.1756.31

210  0o
Ic   2.625  90o A
j80
S a  VI a  210 x 2.625  551.25
*

| V |2 2102
Sb  VI b*    226.15  j 339.2
Z b* 60  j 90
| V |2 2102
Sc    j 551.25
Z c*  j80
S  S a  Sb  Sc  777.4  j890.45 VA
 1

Chapter 12, Solution 55.

The phase currents are:

I AB = 240/j25 = 9.6–90˚ A

I CA = 240120˚/40 = 6120˚ A

I BC = 240–120˚/3030˚ = 8–150˚ A

The complex power in each phase is:

S AB | I AB |2 Z AB  (9.6) 2 j 25  j 2304

S AC | I AC |2 Z AC  (6) 2 40  0o  1440

S BC | I BC |2 Z BC  (8) 2 30  30o  1662.77  j960

The total complex power is
S  S AB  S AC  S BC  3102.77  j 3264 VA

= [3.103+j3.264] kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 56.

Using Fig. 12.63, design a problem to help other students to better understand unbalanced three-
phase systems.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

Refer to the unbalanced circuit of Fig. 12.63. Calculate:

(a) the line currents

(b) the real power absorbed by the load

(c) the total complex power supplied by the source

Figure 12.63

Solution

(a) Consider the circuit below.

a A
j10 
4400 +  I1
b B
 + I3 -j5 
440120  440-120 I2
+ 20 
c C

For mesh 1,
440 - 120  440 0  j10 (I 1  I 3 )  0
 (440)(1.5  j0.866)
I1  I 3   76.21 - 60 (1)
j10

For mesh 2,
440120  440 - 120  20 (I 2  I 3 )  0
(440)( j1.732)
I3  I2   j38.1 (2)
20
For mesh 3,
j10 (I 3  I 1 )  20 (I 3  I 2 )  j5 I 3  0

Substituting (1) and (2) into the equation for mesh 3 gives,
(440)(-1.5  j0.866)
I3   152.4260 (3)
j5

From (1),
I 1  I 3  76.21 - 60  114.315  j66  13230

From (2),
I 2  I 3  j38.1  76.21  j93.9  120.9350.94

I a  I 1  13230 A

I b  I 2  I 1  -38.105  j27.9  47.23143.8 A

I c  - I 2  120.9230.9 A

2
(b) S AB  I 1  I 3 ( j10)  j58.08 kVA
2
S BC  I 2  I 3 (20)  29.04 kVA
2
S CA  I 3 (-j5)  (152.42) 2 (-j5)  -j116.16 kVA

S  S AB  S BC  S CA  29.04  j58.08 kVA

Real power absorbed = 29.04 kW

(c) Total complex supplied by the source is

S  29.04  j58.08 kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 57.

We apply mesh analysis to the circuit shown below.

Ia

+
Va 80  j 50
– I1

– – 20  j 30 60  j 40
Vc Vb
+ + Ib

I2
Ic

(100  j80) I 1  (20  j 30) I 2  Va  Vb  165  j 95.263 (1)

 (20  j 30) I 1  (80  j10) I 2  Vb  Vc   j190.53 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives I 1  1.8616  j 0.6084, I 2  0.9088  j1.722 .

I a  I 1  1.9585  18.1o A, I b  I 2  I 1  0.528  j1.1136  1.4656  130.55 o A

I c   I 2  1.947117.8 o A
Chapter 12, Solution 58.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted in the neutral line to measure the
current through the line. In the AC Sweep box, we select Total Ptss = 1, Start Freq. =
0.1592, and End Freq. = 0.1592. After simulation, the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 2.156 E+01 –8.997 E+01

i.e. I n = 21.56–89.97 A

ACMAG=440V
ACMAG=440V

ACMAG=440V
Chapter 12, Solution 59.

The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq
= 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ VM(1) VP(1)

6.000 E+01 2.206 E+02 –3.456 E+01

FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

6.000 E+01 2.141 E+02 –8.149 E+01

FREQ VM(3) VP(3)

6.000 E+01 4.991 E+01 –5.059 E+01

i.e. V AN = 220.6–34.56, V BN = 214.1–81.49, V CN = 49.91–50.59 V

Chapter 12, Solution 60.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted to give I o . We select Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592 in the AC Sweep box. Upon simulation,
the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 1.953 E+01 –1.517 E+01

from which, I o = 19.53–15.17 A

–
Chapter 12, Solution 61.

The schematic is shown below. Pseudocomponents IPRINT and PRINT are inserted to
measure I aA and V BN . In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592,
and End Freq = 0.1592. Once the circuit is simulated, we get an output file which
includes

FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

1.592 E–01 2.308 E+02 –1.334 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E–01 1.115 E+01 3.699 E+01

from which

I aA = 11.1537 A, V BN = 230.8–133.4 V
Chapter 12, Solution 62.

Using Fig. 12.68, design a problem to help other students to better understand how to use PSpice
to analyze three-phase circuits.

Although there are many ways to solve this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

The circuit in Fig. 12.68 operates at 60 Hz. Use PSpice to find the source current I ab and
the line current I bB .

Figure 12.68

Solution

Because of the delta-connected source involved, we follow Example 12.12. In the AC Sweep
box, we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, the output
file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

6.000 E+01 5.960 E+00 –9.141 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

6.000 E+01 7.333 E+07 1.200 E+02

From which
I ab = 3.432-46.31 A, I bB = 10.39–78.4 A
Chapter 12, Solution 63.

1
Let   1 so that L  X/  20 H, and C   0.0333 F
X
The schematic is shown below..

When the file is saved and run, we obtain an output file which includes the following:

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1)IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592E-01 1.867E+01 1.589E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2)IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592E-01 1.238E+01 1.441E+02

From the output file, the required currents are:

I aA  18.67158.9 o A, I AC  12.38144.1 o A
Chapter 12, Solution 64.

We follow Example 12.12. In the AC Sweep box we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq =
0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. After simulation the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E–01 4.710 E+00 7.138 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E–01 6.781 E+07 –1.426 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E–01 3.898 E+00 –5.076 E+00

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 3.547 E+00 6.157 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT5) IP(V_PRINT5)

1.592 E–01 1.357 E+00 9.781 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT6) IP(V_PRINT6)

1.592 E–01 3.831 E+00 –1.649 E+02

from this we obtain

I aA = 4.7171.38 A, I bB = 6.781–142.6 A, I cC = 3.898–5.08 A

I AB = 3.54761.57 A, I AC = 1.35797.81 A, I BC = 3.831–164.9 A

Chapter 12, Solution 65.

Due to the delta-connected source, we follow Example 12.12. We type Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. The schematic is shown below. After it
is saved and simulated, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592E-01 1.140E+01 8.664E+00

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592E-01 1.140E+01 -1.113E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592E-01 1.140E+01 1.287E+02

Thus, I aA = 11.0212 A, I bB = 11.02–108 A, I cC = 11.02132 A

Since this is a balanced circuit, we can perform a quick check. The load resistance is
large compared to the line and source impedances so we will ignore them (although it
would not be difficult to include them).

Converting the sources to a Y configuration we get:

V an = 138.56 –20˚ Vrms

and

Z Y = 10 – j6.667 = 12.019–33.69˚

Now we can calculate,

I aA = (138.56 –20˚)/(12.019–33.69˚) = 11.52813.69˚

Clearly, we have a good approximation which is very close to what we really have.
Chapter 12, Solution 66.

VL 208
(a) Vp    120 V
3 3

(b) Because the load is unbalanced, we have an unbalanced three-phase

system. Assuming an abc sequence,
120 0
I1   2.50 A
48
120 - 120
I2   3 - 120 A
40
120120
I3   2120 A
60

 3  3
- I N  I 1  I 2  I 3  2.5  (3)  - 0.5  j   (2)  - 0.5  j 
 2   2 
3
IN  j  j0.866  0.86690 A
2

Hence,
I1  2.5 A , I2  3 A , I3  2 A , I N  0.866 A

(c) P1  I12 R 1  (2.5) 2 (48)  300 W

P2  I 22 R 2  (3) 2 (40)  360 W
P3  I 32 R 3  (2) 2 (60)  240 W

(d) PT  P1  P2  P3  900 W
Chapter 12, Solution 67.

(a) The power to the motor is

PT  S cos   (260)(0.85)  221 kW

The motor power per phase is

1
Pp  PT  73.67 kW
3

Hence, the wattmeter readings are as follows:

Wa  73.67  24  97.67 kW
Wb  73.67  15  88.67 kW
Wc  73.67  9  82.67 kW

(b) The motor load is balanced so that I N  0 .

For the lighting loads,
24,000
Ia   200 A
120
15,000
Ib   125 A
120
9,000
Ic   75 A
120

If we let
I a  I a 0  2000 A
I b  125 - 120 A
I c  75120 A
Then,
- I N  Ia  Ib  Ic
 3  3
- I N  200  (125) - 0.5  j   (75) - 0.5  j 
 2   2 
- I N  100  j43.3 A
I N  108.97 A
Chapter 12, Solution 68.

(a) S  3 VL I L  3 (330)(8.4)  4801 VA

P
(b) P  S cos  
 pf  cos  
S

4500
pf   0.9372
4801.24

(c) For a wye-connected load,

I p  I L  8.4 A

VL 330
(d) Vp    190.53 V
3 3
Chapter 12, Solution 69.

For load 1,
S 1  S1 cos  1  jS1 sin 1
pf  0.85  cos 1   1  31.79o
S 1  13.6  j8.43 kVA
For load 2,
S 2  12 x0.6  j12 x0.8  7.2  j 9.6 kVA
For load 3,
S 3  8  j 0 kVA

Therefore,
S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = [28.8+j18.03] kVA

Although we can solve this using a delta load, it will be easier to assume our load is
wye connected. We also need the wye voltages and will assume that the phase angle
on V an = 208/1.73205 = 120.089 is –30 degrees.

Since S = 3VI* or I* = S/(3V) = (33,978 32.048°)/[3(120.089) –30°] =

94.31 62.05° A.

I a = 94.31 –62.05° A, I b = 94.31 177.95° A, I c = 94.31 57.95° A

I = 138.46 – j86.68 = 163.35-32˚ A.

Chapter 12, Solution 70.

PT  P1  P2  1200  400  800

Q T  P2  P1  -400  1200  -1600

Q T - 1600
tan     -2 
   -63.43
PT 800

pf  cos   0.4472 (leading)

VL 240
Zp    40
IL 6

Z p  40 - 63.43 
Chapter 12, Solution 71.

(a) If Vab  2080 , Vbc  208 - 120 , Vca  208120 ,

Vab 2080
I AB    10.4 0
Z Ab 20
Vbc 208 - 120
I BC    14.708 - 75
Z BC 10 2  - 45
Vca 208120
I CA    16 97.38
Z CA 1322.62

I aA  I AB  I CA  10.40  16 97.38
I aA  10.4  2.055  j15.867
I aA  20.171 - 51.87

I cC  I CA  I BC  16 97.83  14.708 - 75

I cC  30.64 101.03

P1  Vab I aA cos( Vab  IaA )

P1  (208)(20.171) cos(0  51.87)  2.590 kW

P2  Vcb I cC cos( Vcb   IcC )

But Vcb  -Vbc  20860

P2  (208)(30.64) cos(60  101.03)  4.808 kW

(b) PT  P1  P2  7398.17 W
Q T  3 (P2  P1 )  3840.25 VAR
S T  PT  jQ T  7398.17  j3840.25 VA
S T  S T  8.335 kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 72.

From Problem 12.11,

VAB  220 130 V and I aA  30 180 A

P1  (220)(30) cos(130  180)  4.242 kW

VCB  -VBC  220190

I cC  30 - 60

P2  (220)(30) cos(190  60)  - 2.257 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 73.

Consider the circuit as shown below.

I1

Ia
+
240-60 V
 Z

 Z
240-120 V
+
I2 Ib Ic

Z  10  j30  31.6271.57

240 - 60
Ia   7.59 - 131.57
31.6271.57
240  - 120
Ib   7.59 - 191.57
31.62 71.57

I c Z  240 - 60  240  - 120  0

- 240
Ic   7.59108.43
31.6271.57

I 1  I a  I c  13.146 - 101.57
I 2  I b  I c  13.146138.43

P1  Re  V1 I 1*   Re  (240 - 60)(13.146 101.57)   2.360 kW

P2  Re  V2 I *2   Re  (240  - 120)(13.146 - 138.43)   - 632.8 W

Chapter 12, Solution 74.

Consider the circuit shown below.

Z = 60  j30 

+ I1
2080 V

Z

208-60 V  I2
+
Z

For mesh 1,
208  2 Z I 1  Z I 2

For mesh 2,
- 208 - 60  - Z I 1  2 Z I 2

In matrix form,
 208   2 Z - Z  I 1 
 - 208 - 60   - Z 2 Z  I 
    2 

  3Z 2 ,  1  (208)(1.5  j0.866) Z ,  2  (208)( j1.732) Z

 1 (208)(1.5  j0.866)
I1    1.78956.56
 (3)(60  j30)

 2 (208)( j1.732)
I2    1.79116.56
 (3)(60  j30)

P1  Re  V1 I 1*   Re  (208)(1.789 - 56.56)   208.98 W

P2  Re  V2 (- I 2 ) *   Re  (208 - 60))(1.7963.44)   371.65 W

Chapter 12, Solution 75.

V 12
(a) I   20 mA
R 600

V 120
(b) I   200 mA
R 600
Chapter 12, Solution 76.

If both appliances have the same power rating, P,

P
I
Vs

P
For the 120-V appliance, I1  .
120
P
For the 240-V appliance, I2  .
240

 P2 R
 2 for the 120-V appliance
Power loss = I 2 R   120
2
P R for the 240-V appliance
 240 2

1 1
Since 2  , the losses in the 120-V appliance are higher.
120 240 2
Chapter 12, Solution 77.

Pg  PT  Pload  Pline , pf  0.85

But PT  3600 cos   3600  pf  3060

Pg  3060  2500  (3)(80)  320 W

Chapter 12, Solution 78.

51
cos 1   0.85   1  31.79
60
Q1  S1 sin 1  (60)(0.5268)  31.61 kVAR

P2  P1  51 kW
cos  2  0.95    2  18.19
P2
S2   53.68 kVA
cos  2
Q 2  S 2 sin  2  16.759 kVAR

Q c  Q1  Q 2  3.61  16.759  14.851 kVAR

For each load,

Qc
Q c1   4.95 kVAR
3
Q c1 4950
C 2   67.82 F
V (2 )(60)(440) 2
Chapter 12, Solution 79.

Consider the per-phase equivalent circuit below.

Ia 2
a A

+
V an Z Y = 12 + j5 


n N

Van 2550
Ia    17.15 - 19.65 A
Z Y  2 14  j5

Thus,
I b  I a  - 120  17.15 - 139.65 A
I c  I a 120  17.15 100.35 A

VAN  I a Z Y  (17.15 - 19.65)(1322.62)  223 2.97 V

Thus,
VBN  VAN  - 120  223 - 117.63 V
VCN  VAN 120  223122.97 V
Chapter 12, Solution 80.

S  S1  S 2  S 3  6[0.83  j sin(cos 1 0.83)]  S 2  8(0.7071  j 0.7071)

S  10.6368  j 2.31  S 2 kVA (1)

But
S  3VL I L   3 (208)(84.6)(0.8  j 0.6) VA  24.383  j18.287 kVA (2)

From (1) and (2),

S 2  13.746  j 20.6  24.7656.28 kVA
Thus, the unknown load is 24.76 kVA at 0.5551 pf lagging.
Chapter 12, Solution 81.

pf  0.8 (leading)   1  -36.87

S1  150  - 36.87 kVA

pf  1.0    2  0
S 2  100 0 kVA

pf  0.6 (lagging) 
 3  53.13
S 3  20053.13 kVA

S 4  80  j95 kVA

S  S1  S 2  S 3  S 4
S  420  j165  451.221.45 kVA

S  3 VL I L

S 451.2  10 3
IL    542.7 A
3 VL 3  480

For the line,

S L  3 I 2L Z L  (3)(542.7) 2 (0.02  j0.05)
S L  17.67  j44.18 kVA

At the source,
S T  S  S L  437.7  j209.2
S T  485.125.55 kVA

ST 485.1  10 3
VT    516 V
3 IL 3  542.7
Chapter 12, Solution 82.

V 2p
S 1  400(0.8  j 0.6)  320  j 240 kVA, S2  3
Z*p
For the delta-connected load, V L  V p

(2400) 2
S 2  3x  1053.7  j842.93 kVA
10  j8
S  S 1  S 2  1.3737  j1.0829 MVA
Let I = I 1 + I 2 be the total line current. For I 1 ,

VL
S1  3V p I *1 , Vp 
3
S1 (320  j 240) x10 3
I *1   , I 1  76.98  j 57.735
3VL 3 (2400)
For I 2 , convert the load to wye.

2400
I 2  I p 3  30 o  3  30 o  273.1  j 289.76
10  j8
I  I 1  I 2  350  j 347.5

V s  V L  Vline  2400  I ( 3  j 6)  5.185  j1.405 kV 

 | V s | 5.372 kV
Chapter 12, Solution 83.

S1  120 x746 x0.95(0.707  j 0.707)  60.135  j 60.135 kVA, S 2  80 kVA

S  S1  S 2  140.135  j 60.135 kVA

|S| 152.49 x10 3

But | S | 3V L I L 
 IL    183.42 A
3V L 3 x 480
Chapter 12, Solution 84.

We first find the magnitude of the various currents.

For the motor,

S 4000
IL    5.248 A
3 VL 440 3

For the capacitor,

Q c 1800
IC    4.091 A
VL 440

For the lighting,

440
Vp   254 V
3

PLi 800
I Li    3.15 A
Vp 254

Consider the figure below.

Ia I1
a
+ IC
V ab -jX C
Ib I2

b

Ic I3
c
I Li

R
In
n

If Van  Vp 0 , Vab  3 Vp 30

Vcn  Vp 120

Vab
IC   4.091120
-j X C
 Vab
I1   4.091(  30)
Z
where   cos -1 (0.72)  43.95

I 1  5.249 73.95

I 2  5.249  - 46.05

I 3  5.249193.95

Vcn
I Li   3.15120
R

Thus,
I a  I 1  I C  5.24973.95  4.091120
I a  8.60893.96 A

I b  I 2  I C  5.249 - 46.05  4.091120

I b  9.271 - 52.16 A

I c  I 3  I Li  5.249193.95  3.15120
I c  6.827 167.6 A

I n  - I Li  3.15 - 60 A
Chapter 12, Solution 85.

Let ZY  R

VL 240
Vp    138.56 V
3 3

27 Vp2
P  Vp I p   9 kW 
2 R

Vp2(138.56) 2
R   2.133 
P 9000

Thus, Z Y  2.133 
Chapter 12, Solution 86.

Consider the circuit shown below.

1
a A

+
1200 V rms I1 24 – j2 


1
n N

+ I2
1200 V rms 15 + j4 

1
b B

For the two meshes,

120  (26  j2) I 1  I 2 (1)
120  (17  j4) I 2  I 1 (2)

In matrix form,
120  26  j2 - 1  I 1 
120   - 1 17  j4 I 2 
  

  449  j70 ,  1  (120)(18  j4) ,  2  (120)(27  j2)

 1 120  18.44 12.53

I1    4.87 3.67
 454.42 8.86
 2 120  27.07  - 4.24
I2    7.15 - 13.1
 454.42 8.86

I aA  I 1  4.87  3.67 A

I bB  - I 2  7.15166.9 A

 2  1
I nN  I 2  I 1 

(120)(9  j6)
I nN   2.856 - 42.55 A
449  j70
Chapter 12, Solution 87.

L  50 mH   jL  j (2)(60)(5010 -3 )  j18.85

Consider the circuit below.
1

+ I1
115 V
 20 

2
15 + j18.85 

+ I2
115 V
 30 

1

Applying KVl to the three meshes, we obtain

23 I 1  2 I 2  20 I 3  115 (1)
- 2 I 1  33 I 2  30 I 3  115 (2)
- 20 I 1  30 I 2  (65  j18.85) I 3  0 (3)
In matrix form,
 23 - 2 - 20   I 1  115
 - 2 33 - 30  I   115
  2  
- 20 - 30 65  j18.85 I 3   0 

  12,775  j14,232 ,  1  (115)(1975  j659.8)

 2  (115)(1825  j471.3) ,  3  (115)(1450)

 1 115  208218.47
I1    12.52 - 29.62
 1921448.09
 2 115  1884.9 14.48
I2    11.33 - 33.61
 19124 48.09
   1 (115)(-150  j188.5)
I n  I 2  I1  2   1.448 - 176.6 A
 12,775  j14,231.75

S 1  V1 I *1  (115)(12.52 29.62)  [1.252  j 0.7116] kVA

S 2  V2 I *2  (115)(1.3333.61)  [1.085  j 0.7212] kVA