CHAPTER 4

The constant of change (Malabas ito sa screen tapos pasok ng unang tanong ni RJ)

RJ: Does everything remain the same as before? or is everything constantly changing? (SASABIHIN)
Jenny: Humans hold varying opinions about how they interpret nature. (SASABIHIN)
One contends that everything exists in a clearly defined objective reality and that the universe is governed by
definite, unchanging laws. According to the opposing viewpoint, everything is in flux and always changing and
there is no such thing as objective reality. (Voice over)
Kiarra: What about you? What do you think of nature? Is it the first decision or the second option?
(SASABIHIN)
Jezel: The first point of view has substantially influenced how science has developed. But as society develops,
there are more and more indications that the dominant cultural background is beginning to adopt the second
style of thinking. Which pertains to the viewpoint where everything is always changing and never stagnant.
(SASABIHIN)

INTRO
Lahat: Good day everyone! We are the group and with this video we will discuss the Chapter Four of Ian
Sterwart’s book, Nature’s Numbers, Constant of Change. (SASABIHIN)
(INSERT VIDEO OF UNIVERSE)
Kiarra: May we learn something from this brief period of discussion as we the group six will be here to guide
you about what is something behind Ian Stewart's Nature's Numbers chapter 4. (SASABIHIN)
Lahat: Please lend us your ears and open your imagination for us to travel back in time as we discuss the
chapter 4 of Ian Stewart's Nature's of Numbers and discover the constants of this reality. How they will
generate changes through CONSTANTS OF CHANGES. (SASABIHIN)
Body
Jezel: So, let us now get into this discussion. With Isaac Newton's findings, we are about to reenter the
Renaissance which will be discuss by Ms. Kiarra. (SASABIHIN)
Kiarra: Who is ISAAC NEWTON, exactly? What is the first thought that enters your head when you hear his
name? The gravity, perhaps? a fruit that has fallen from a tree? Both predictions are correct. (SASABIHIN)
However, did you know that Newton (insert pictures) co-invented CALCULUS with Leibniz? In which they
offered the difference and integration. They collaborate because one affects the other. Between them, they
tell you that if you know any of the functions; position, velocity, or acceleration at every instant, then you can
work out the other two. (Page 54) (VOICE OVER)
The laws of physics that Isaac Newton explored allowed the change of nature to be characterized using
MATHEMATICAL PROCESS. For example, the "wave equation," (insert video), which governs the movement of
waves in water, air, or other materials, which is all about the rate of change of the height of the wave. Next is
the "heat equation," (insert video), which calculates how heat flows through a conducting body, which is all
about the rate of change of the body's temperature. (VOICE OVER)
The rate of change is about the difference between some quantity now and its value an instant into the future,
equations of this kind are called differential equations. (Page 55) (VOICE OVER)
Another example that can be used in a realistic context is the study of engineering to describe the flow of
electricity, chemistry to simulate chemical reactions, and economics to identify the best investment methods.
(Image or Video) (VOICE OVER)
Jezel: Thank you miss Kiarra. Now, let's travel to space to explore more about Newton's discoveries! Which
will be further discuss by Miss Jenny (vid of universe) (SASABIHIN)
Jenny: Newton's discovery of gravity 300 years ago. His ability to formulate and then solve differential
equations to describe the world was the foundation for his discovery of the law of gravitation. (SASABIHIN)
He bases his theory on the idea that every particle of matter in the world is attracted to every other particle
with a force that varies directly with the product of their masses and inversely with their distance from one
another. Back then, the term "solved" referred to discovering a mathematical formula for their movements.
(VOICE OVER)
Ohm's law, the Law of Friction, and Joule's law are some further instances of laws that relied on such a
solution. But when Newton and his successors attempted to build on this achievement by resolving the
equations for a system of three or more bodies, they came up empty-handed. They were unable to identify
any formulas that would provide a precise solution. Instead, they looked for methods for calculating
approximations of the numbers. (VOICE OVER)
For instance, Charles-Eugene Delaunay, a French astronomer, wrote an entire book with a single estimation of
the Moon's motion in the year 1860. The vertex cover problem, travelling salesman problem, bin packing
problem, shortest superstring, and set covering problems are more examples of problems with approximation
algorithms (Insert pics of examples). (VOICE OVER)
Jenny: You might believe that we have reached a dead end, but as was previously stated, times are changing,
and so are our methods of thinking. (SASABIHIN)
Jezel: Thank you miss jenny for that informative discussion. Now, let us move on to Chaos Theory that will be
presented by Mr. Rj (SASABIHIN)
CHAOS THEORY
Rj: CHAOS THEORY. In 1994, Zhihong Xia proved that a system with three bodies cannot be computable. As a
demonstration of Vladimir Arnold's Arnold diffusion. Arnold diffusion causes the relative orbital locations to
shift very slowly and seemingly at random. (SASABIHIN)
This drift is an illustration of the so-called chaos behavior and is not genuinely random. (SASABIHIN)
Chaos is exemplified by the double oscillation, the lord's attractor, and the bonimovic stadium. It is important
to note that this again modifies the definition of "solve"; it has evolved from "finding a formula" to "finding
approximations" to "telling how resolves look like" (pictures). (VOICE OVER)
It is incorrect to interpret this growth as a retreat because this shift in meaning has shown us that there are no
formulas for issues like the three-body problem. However, a solution can always be found in the end.
(SASABIHIN)
Jezel: So, we just heard all the explanation of Miss Kiarra, Jenny and Mr. Rj. So, to sum it up, overall, Ian
Stewart explained the ideas of constants of change and their relationship to change using differential
equations. Additionally, He provides a comprehension of nature that does not solely rely on mathematical
procedures, but rather one that utilizes qualitative descriptions to comprehend the pattern of nature in its
own terms, allowing us to properly claim that CONSTANT GENERATE CHANGE. (SASABIHIN)
Jezel: So, that’s it for today’s discussion, I hope you all learned something from us. Again, I am Jezel S.
Jaurigue. (SASABIHIN)
Kiarra: I am Kiarra Mondano (SASABIHIN)
Jenny: I am Jenny Deduyo (SASABIHIN)
Rj: And, I am RJ Evangelista (SASABIHIN)
Lahat: And we are the Group 6, Thank you! (SASABIHIN)