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    Homework 2

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    ombraga1896
    This document provides the homework problems for the course "Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures". It includes 4 problems: 1) Calculating the pressure of a free electron gas in 3D at zero temperature. 2) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 3D. 3) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 2D. 4) Determining the equivalent circuit model of a metal slab connected in a circuit, in terms of the conductance G and inductance L, using the Drude model of conductivity.

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    Homework 2

    Uploaded by

    ombraga1896
    34 views2 pages
    This document provides the homework problems for the course "Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures". It includes 4 problems: 1) Calculating the pressure of a free electron gas in 3D at zero temperature. 2) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 3D. 3) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 2D. 4) Determining the equivalent circuit model of a metal slab connected in a circuit, in terms of the conductance G and inductance L, using the Drude model of conductivity.

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    Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures

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    homework2

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    This document provides the homework problems for the course "Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures". It includes 4 problems: 1) Calculating the pressure of a free electron gas in 3D at zero temperature. 2) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 3D. 3) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 2D. 4) Determining the equivalent circuit model of a metal slab connected in a circuit, in terms of the conductance G and inductance L, using the Drude model of conductivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views2 pages

    Homework 2

    Uploaded by

    ombraga1896
    This document provides the homework problems for the course "Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures". It includes 4 problems: 1) Calculating the pressure of a free electron gas in 3D at zero temperature. 2) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 3D. 3) Finding the density of states function for a free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 2D. 4) Determining the equivalent circuit model of a metal slab connected in a circuit, in terms of the conductance G and inductance L, using the Drude model of conductivity.

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    Departments of ECE and MSE, Cornell University

    ECE 4070/MSE 5470: Physics of Semiconductor and Nanostructures

    Spring 2015

    Homework 2 Due on Feb. 09, 2015 at 5:00 PM

    Suggested Readings:

    a) Lecture notes
    b) Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 in Kittel (Introduction to Solid State Physics)

    Problem 2.1 (Pressure of a free electron gas in 3D)

    For a classical gas the pressure, given by: P = nKT , goes to zero when the temperature goes to zero. For
    a Fermi gas of free electrons this is not the case. The expression for the pressure is:
    ∂U
    P=−
    ∂V S , N
    where the derivative is taken keeping the TOTAL electron number and TOTAL entropy constant. One
    can find the pressure of a Fermi gas relatively easily at zero temperature since the entropy will remain
    constant and one need only worry about keeping the total electron number constant. Find the pressure of a
    free electron gas (in 3D). Explain physically why the pressure of an electron gas is not zero at zero
    temperature (as is the case in a classical gas).

    Problem 2.2 (Free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 3D)

    This problem is an exercise in calculating density of states functions that will be very useful later in the
    course. Suppose one has a free electron gas in 3D where the electron energy-vs-wavevector relation is
    given by:
    " ! 2 k x2 ! 2 k y2 ! 2 k z2
    ()
    Ek =
    2m x
    +
    2m y
    +
    2mz
    Note that the electron has a different “mass” associated with its kinetic energy when moving in different
    directions. This happens in materials as a result of the interaction of the electrons with the atoms, as you
    will see later in the course. Find the density of states function g (E ) so that an integral over k-space can
    be converted into an integral over energy as follows:
    !
    d 3k ∞
    2× ∫ → ∫ dE g (E )
    (2π )3 0
    !
    Hint: You can start by first defining a new wavevector q as follows:
    m m m
    qx = kx qy = ky qz = kz
    mx my mz
    !
    Write the energy dispersion in terms of the wavevector components of q . Convert the k-space integral
    into q-space integral and then convert the q-space integral into an energy integral.

    1
    Problem 2.3 (Free electron gas with an anisotropic dispersion in 2D)

    Now suppose one has a free electron gas in 2D where the electron energy-vs-wavevector relation is given
    by:
    " ! 2 k x2 ! 2 k y2
    ()
    Ek =
    2m x
    +
    2m y
    Find the density of states function g 2D (E ) so that an integral over k-space can be converted into an
    integral over energy as follows:
    !
    d 2k ∞
    2× ∫ → ∫ dE g 2D (E )
    (2π )2 0

    Problem 2.4 (Drude model)

    The frequency dependent conductivity of an electron gas (in 3D) in a metal is to a very good
    approximation given by the Drude model,
    ! !
    J (ω ) = σ (ω ) E (ω )
    ne 2τ m
    σ (ω ) =
    1− i ωτ
    The conductivity has both real and an imaginary part,
    ne 2τ m
    Real {σ (ω )} =
    1 + (ω τ )2
    ne 2τ m (ωτ )
    Imag {σ (ω )} =
    1 + (ω τ )2
    Consider a slab of a metal connected in a circuit shown below. At a high frequency ω, the equivalent
    circuit model consists of a resistor and an inductor, as also shown below. Find the values of the
    conductance G (units: Siemens) and the inductance L (units: Henry) in the circuit model in terms of the
    given parameters.
    ℓ
    Area=A
    G(ω ) L(ω )

    Metal

    ~ ~

    Note added: This problem shows that the response of an electron gas at high frequencies ( ωτ ≥ 1 ) has a
    significant inductive component.

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