Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science

Chapter 20 Student Book Answers

20.1 What you should already know
1 Absolute/Immediate – uses the operand
Direct – uses the contents of the memory location specified by the operand
Indirect – uses the contents of the contents of the memory location specified by the operand
Indexed – uses the value found at the memory location specified by adding operand to the contents
of the index register
2 LDM #7
ADD #5
3 a) A function has a type and always returns a value.
b) Parameters are values/references included in a call to a procedure or function. Parameters can
be passed by reference (value of variable used can be changed by the procedure/function) or
by value (no change can be made).
c) A procedure definition is made once but the code specified can be used many times in a
program, every time the procedure is called.
4 See answer to Activity 11G

Activity 20A
Address Opcode Operand ACC IX
500 LDM #230 #230
501 LDD 230 #231
502 LDI 230 #5
503 LDR #1 #1
504 LDX 230 #5,#7,#9,#11,#0
505 CMP #0
506 JPE 509
507 INC IX #2,#3,#4,#5
508 JMP 504
509 JMP 509

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 1

© Helen Williams and David Watson 2020

 
 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20B
Pseudocode – without procedures and functions
DECLARE base, height, radius : INTEGER
DECLARE area : REAL
DECLARE CONSTANT Pi = 3.142
OUTPUT "Please enter base, height and radius"
INPUT base, height, radius
area = base * base
OUTPUT "Area of square is ", area
area = base * height
OUTPUT "Area of rectangle is ", area
area = base * base / 2
OUTPUT "Area of triangle is ", area
area = base * height
OUTPUT "Area of parallelogram is ", area
area = Pi * radius * radius
OUTPUT "Area of circle is ", area
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 2

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Pseudocode – with procedures and functions

DECLARE base, height, radius : INTEGER
DECLARE area : REAL

FUNCTION square (side : INTEGER) RETURNS REAL

RETURN side * side
ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION rectangle (side : INTEGER, otherSide) RETURNS REAL

RETURN side * otherSide
ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION triangle (triBase : INTEGER, triHeight) RETURNS REAL

RETURN triBase * triHeight / 2
ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION parallelogram (parBase : INTEGER, parHeight) RETURNS

REAL
RETURN parBase * parBase
ENDFUNCTION

FUNCTION circle(circRad : INTEGER) RETURNS REAL

DECLARE CONSTANT Pi = 3.142
RETURN circRad * circRad * Pi
ENDFUNCTION

PROCEDURE printArea (shapeName : String : areaToPrint : REAL)

OUTPUT "Area of ", shapeName, " is ", areaToPrint
ENDPROCEDURE

OUTPUT "Please enter base, height and radius"

INPUT base, height, radius
area = square(base)
printArea ("square", area)

area = rectangle(base, height)

printArea ("rectangle", area)

area = triangle(base, height)

printArea ("triangle", area)

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 3

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

area = parallelogram(base, height)

printArea ("parallelogram", area)

area = circle(radius)
printArea ("circle", area)

Python – without procedures and functions

#areas iterative program
Pi = 3.142

base = int(input ("Please enter base "))

height = int(input ("Please enter height "))
radius = int(input ("Please enter radius "))

area = base * base

print ("Area of square is ", area)

area = base * height

print ("Area of rectangle is ", area)

area = base * height / 2

print ("Area of triangle is ", area)

area = base * height

print ("Area of parallelogram is ", area)

area = radius * radius * Pi

print ("Area of rectangle is ", area)
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 4

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Python – with procedures and functions

#areas using prodedures and functions

def square(side):
return side * side

def rectangle(side, otherSide):

return side * otherSide

def triangle(triBase, triHeight):

return triBase * triHeight / 2

def parallelogram(parBase, parHeight):

return parBase * parHeight

def circle(circRad):
Pi = 3.142
return circRad * circRad * Pi

def printArea (shapeName, areaToPrint):

print ("Area of ", shapeName, " is ", areaToPrint)

base = int(input ("Please enter base "))

height = int(input ("Please enter height "))
radius = int(input ("Please enter radius "))

area = square(base)
printArea ("square", area)

area = rectangle(base, height)

printArea ("rectangle", area)

area = triangle(base, height)

printArea ("triangle", area)

area = parallelogram(base, height)

printArea ("parallelogram", area)

area = circle(radius)
printArea ("circle", area)

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 5

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

VB – without procedures and functions

' areas imperative program
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim base, height, radius As Integer
Dim area As Decimal
Const Pi As Decimal = 3.14

Console.Write("Please enter base ")

base = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter height ")
height = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter radius ")
radius = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
area = base * base
Console.WriteLine("Area of a square is " & area)
area = base * height
Console.WriteLine("Area of a rectangle is " & area)
area = base * height / 2
Console.WriteLine("Area of a triangle is " & area)
area = base * height
Console.WriteLine("Area of a parallelogram is " & area)
area = radius * radius * Pi
Console.WriteLine("Area of circle is " & area)

Console.ReadKey()

End Sub

End Module
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 6

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

VB – with procedures and functions

'areas program with functions
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim base, height, radius As Integer
Dim area As Decimal
Const Pi As Decimal = 3.14

Console.Write("Please enter base ")

base = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter height ")
height = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter radius ")
radius = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
area = square(base)
printArea("square", area)
area = rectangle(base, height)
printArea("rectangle", area)
area = triangle(base, height)
printArea("trangle", area)
area = parallelogram(base, height)
printArea("parallelogram", area)
area = circle(radius)
printArea("circle", area)

Console.ReadKey()

End Sub

Function square(side As Integer) As Decimal

Return side * side
End Function

Function rectangle(side As Integer, otherSide As Integer) As Decimal

Return side * otherSide
End Function

Function triangle(triBase As Integer, triHeight As Integer) As

Decimal
Return triBase * triHeight / 2
End Function

Function parallelogram(parBase As Integer, parHeight As Integer) As

Decimal
Return parBase * parHeight
End Function

Function circle(radius As Integer) As Decimal

Const Pi As Decimal = 3.14
Return radius * radius * Pi
End Function

Sub printArea(ByVal shapeName As String, ByVal areaToPrint As

Decimal)
Console.WriteLine("Area of a " & shapeName & " is " &
areaToPrint)
End Sub
End Module
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 7

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Java – without procedures and functions

import java.util.Scanner;
class ACTIVITY20B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);
final double PI = 3.142;
double base, height, radius, area;
System.out.println("Please enter base ");
base = myObj.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Please enter height ");
height = myObj.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Please enter radius ");
radius = myObj.nextDouble();

area = base * base;

System.out.println("Area of a square is " + area);
area = base * height;
System.out.println("Area of a rectangle is " + area);
area = base * height / 2;
System.out.println("Area of a triangle is " + area);
area = base * height;
System.out.println("Area of a parallelogram is " + area);
area = PI * radius * radius;
System.out.println("Area of a circle is " + area);

}
}

Java – with procedures and functions

import java.util.Scanner;
class ACTIVITY20Bfunction
{
static void printArea (String shapeName, double areaToPrint)
{
System.out.println("Area of a " + shapeName + " is " +
areaToPrint);
}
static double square(double side)
{
return side * side;
}

static double rectangle(double side, double otherSide)

{
return side * otherSide;
}

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 8

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

static double triangle(double triBase, double triHeight)

{
return triBase * triHeight / 2;
}

static double parallelogram(double parBase, double parHeight)

{
return parBase * parHeight;
}

static double circle(double radius)

{
final double PI = 3.142;
return radius * radius * PI;
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);

double base, height, radius, area;

System.out.println("Please enter base ");
base = myObj.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Please enter height ");
height = myObj.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Please enter radius ");
radius = myObj.nextDouble();

area = square(base);
printArea("square", area);
area = rectangle(base, height);
printArea("rectangle", area);
area = triangle(base, height);
printArea("triangle", area);
area = base * height;
printArea("parallelogram", area);
area = circle(radius);
printArea("circle", area);

}
}
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 9

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20C
Python
#ACTIVITY 20C classes and objects
class student:
def __init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark):
self.name = name
self.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth
self.examMark = examMark;
def displayExamMark(self):
print("Student Name " + self.name)
print("Exam Mark " , self.examMark)

myStudent = student("Mary Wu", 12/10/2012, 67)

myStudent.displayExamMark()

VB
'ACTIVITY 20C classes and objects
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim myStudent As New student("Mary Wu", #10/12/2012#, 67)
myStudent.displayExamMark()
End Sub

Class student
Dim name As String
Dim dateOfBirth As Date
Dim examMark As Integer
Public Sub New(ByVal n As String, ByVal d As Date, ByVal e As
Integer)
name = n
dateOfBirth = d
examMark = e
End Sub

Public Sub displayExamMark()

Console.WriteLine("Student Name " & name)
Console.WriteLine("Exam Mark " & examMark)
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
End Class

End Module
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 10

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Java
//ACTIVITY 20C classes and objects
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
class student{
private String name;
private LocalDate dateOfBirth;
private int examMark;

student(String n, LocalDate d, int e){

name = n;
dateOfBirth = d;
examMark = e;
}
public void displayExamMark (){
System.out.println("Student Name " + name);
System.out.println("ExamMark " + examMark);
}
}
public class ATIVITY20C{
public static void main(String[] args) {
student myStudent = new student("Mary Wu", LocalDate.parse("2012-12-
10"), 67);
myStudent.displayExamMark();

}
}
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 11

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20D
Python
#ACTIVITY 20D classes, objects and inheritance
class student:
def __init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark):
self.name = name
self.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth
self.examMark = examMark;
def displayExamMark(self):
print("Student Name " + self.name)
print("Exam Mark " , self.examMark)

class partTimeStudent(student):
def __init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark):
student.__init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark)
self.__fullTimeStudent = False

class fullTimeStudent(student):
def __init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark):
student.__init__(self, name, dateOfBirth, examMark)
self.__fullTimeStudent = True

myFullTimeStudent = fullTimeStudent("Mary Wu", 12/10/2012, 67)

myFullTimeStudent.displayExamMark()
myPartTimeStudent = partTimeStudent("Janet Yo", 23/5/2012, 95)
myPartTimeStudent.displayExamMark()
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 12

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

VB
'ACTIVITY 20D classes, objects and inheritance
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim myFullTimeStudent As New fullTimeStudent("Mary Wu", #10/12/2012#, 67)
myFullTimeStudent.displayExamMark()
Dim myPartTimeStudent As New fullTimeStudent("Janet Yo", #05/23/2012#, 95)
myPartTimeStudent.displayExamMark()
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

Class student
Dim name As String
Dim dateOfBirth As Date
Dim examMark As Integer
Public Sub New(ByVal n As String, ByVal d As Date, ByVal e As Integer)
name = n
dateOfBirth = d
examMark = e
End Sub

Public Sub displayExamMark()

Console.WriteLine("Student Name " & name)
Console.WriteLine("Exam Mark " & examMark)
End Sub
End Class

Class partTimeStudent : Inherits student

Private ReadOnly fullTimeStudent = False

Public Sub New(ByVal n As String, ByVal d As Date, ByVal e As Integer)

MyBase.New(n, d, e)
End Sub

End Class

Class fullTimeStudent : Inherits student

Private ReadOnly fullTimeStudent = True

Public Sub New(ByVal n As String, ByVal d As Date, ByVal e As Integer)

MyBase.New(n, d, e)
End Sub

End Class

End Module

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 13

© Helen Williams and David Watson 2020

 
 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Java
//ACTIVITY 20D classes, objects and inheritance
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
class student{
private String name;
private LocalDate dateOfBirth;
private int examMark;

student(String n, LocalDate d, int e){

name = n;
dateOfBirth = d;
examMark = e;
}
public void displayExamMark (){
System.out.println("Student Name " + name);
System.out.println("ExamMark " + examMark);
}
}

class partTimeStudent extends student {

private boolean fullTimeStudent = false;
partTimeStudent (String n, LocalDate d, int e){
super (n, d, e);
}
}

class fullTimeStudent extends student {

private boolean fullTimeStudent = true;
fullTimeStudent (String n, LocalDate d, int e){
super (n, d, e);
}
}

public class ATIVITY20D{

public static void main(String[] args) {
student myFullTimeStudent = new fullTimeStudent("Mary Wu", LocalDate.parse("2012-12-10"), 67);
myFullTimeStudent.displayExamMark();
student myPartTimeStudent = new partTimeStudent("Janet Yo", LocalDate.parse("2012-07-05"), 95);
myPartTimeStudent.displayExamMark();

}
}

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 14

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20E
Python
# ACTIVITY 20E polymorphism
class shape:
def __init__(self):
self.__areaValue = 0
self.__perimeterValue = 0

def area(self):
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

class square(shape):
def __init__(self, side):
shape.__init__(self)
self.__side = side

def area (self):

self.__areaValue = self.__side * self.__side
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

class rectangle(shape):
def __init__(self, length, breadth):
shape.__init__(self)
self.__length = length
self.__breadth = breadth

def area (self):

self.__areaValue = self.__length * self.__breadth
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

class circle(shape):
def __init__(self, radius):
shape.__init__(self)
self.__radius = radius

def area (self):

self.__areaValue = self.__radius * self.__radius * 3.142
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

mySquare = square(10)
mySquare.area()

myCircle = circle(20)
myCircle.area()

myRectangle = rectangle (10,17)

myRectangle.area()
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 15

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

VB
'VB ACTIVITY 20E polymorphism
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim myCircle As New circle(20)
myCircle.Area()
Dim myRectangle As New rectangle(10, 17)
myRectangle.Area()
Dim mySquare As New square(10)
mySquare.Area()

Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

Class shape
Protected areaValue As Decimal
Protected perimeterValue As Decimal

Overridable Sub area()

Console.WriteLine("Area " & areaValue)
End Sub
End Class

Class square : Inherits shape

Private side As Decimal

Public Sub New(ByVal s As Decimal)

side = s
End Sub
Overrides Sub Area()
areaValue = side * side
Console.WriteLine("Area " & areaValue)
End Sub
End Class

Class rectangle : Inherits shape

Private length As Decimal
Private breadth As Decimal

Public Sub New(ByVal l As Decimal, ByVal b As Decimal)

length = l
breadth = b
End Sub

Overrides Sub Area()

areaValue = length * breadth
Console.WriteLine("Area " & areaValue)
End Sub

End Class

Class circle : Inherits shape

Private radius As Decimal

Public Sub New(ByVal r As Decimal)

radius = r
End Sub

Overrides Sub Area()

areaValue = radius * radius * 3.142
Console.WriteLine("Area " & areaValue)
End Sub
End Class

End Module

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 16

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Java
// ACTIVITY20E polymorphism

class shape {
protected double areaValue;

public void area (){

System.out.println("Area " + areaValue);
}
}

class square extends shape {

private double side;

square (double s){

side = s;
}
public void area (){
areaValue = side * side;
System.out.println("Area " + areaValue);
}
}

class rectangle extends shape {

private double length;
private double breadth;

rectangle(double l, double b){

length = l;
breadth = b;
}
public void area (){
areaValue = length * breadth;
System.out.println("Area " + areaValue);
}
}
class circle extends shape {
private double radius;

circle (double r){

radius = r;
}
public void area (){
areaValue = radius * radius * 3.142;
System.out.println("Area " + areaValue);
}
}
public class ACTIVITY20E{
public static void main(String[] args) {
square mySquare = new square(20);
mySquare.area();
circle myCircle = new circle(20);
myCircle.area();
rectangle myRectagle = new rectangle(10, 17);
myRectagle.area();

}
}

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 17

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20F
Python
#ACTIVITY 20F overloading
class greeting:

def hello(self, firstName = None,lastName = None):

if firstName is not None and lastName is not None:

print ("Hello " + firstName + " " + lastName)
elif firstName is not None:
print ("Hello " + firstName)
else:
print ("Hello")

myGreeting = greeting()

myGreeting.hello()

myGreeting.hello("Christopher")

myGreeting.hello("Christopher", "Robin")

VB
'ACTIVITY 20F overloading
Module Module1
Public Sub Main()
Dim myGreeting As New greeting
myGreeting.hello()
myGreeting.hello("Christopher")
myGreeting.hello("Christopher", "Robin")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

Class greeting

Public Overloads Sub hello()

Console.WriteLine("Hello")
End Sub

Public Overloads Sub hello(ByVal name As String)

Console.WriteLine("Hello " & name)
End Sub

Public Overloads Sub hello(ByVal firstName As String, ByVal

lastName As String)
Console.WriteLine("Hello " & firstName & " " & lastName)
End Sub
End Class

End Module
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 18

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Java
//ACTIVITY 20F overloading

class greeting{
public void hello(){
System.out.println("Hello");
}

public void hello(String name){

System.out.println("Hello " + name);
}

public void hello(String firstName, String secondName){

System.out.println("Hello " + firstName + " " + secondName);
}
}

class ACTIVITY20F{
public static void main(String[] args){
greeting myGreeting = new greeting();
myGreeting.hello();
myGreeting.hello("Christopher");
myGreeting.hello("Christopher","Robin");
}
}
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 19

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20G
flight
courseID : STRING
numberOfLectures : INTEGER
courseLecture [1 : 50] OF lecture
numberOfExams : INTEGER
courseExam [1 : 3] OF exam
:
:
Constructor ()
addLecture ()
addExam ()
removeLecture ()
removeExam
:
:

lecture exam
Name : STRING Name : STRING
lecturerName : STRING marks : INTEGER
: :
: :
: :
showLectureDetails () showExamDetails ()
: :
: :
Containment diagram for a university course

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 20

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20H
Sample Answer in Python
#ACTIVITY20H
class Node:

def __init__(self, item):

self.leftPointer = None
self.rightPointer = None
self.item = item

def insert(self, item):

# Compare the new item with the parent node
if self.item:
if item < self.item:
if self.leftPointer is None:
self.leftPointer = Node(item)
else:
self.leftPointer.insert(item)
elif item > self.item:
if self.rightPointer is None:
self.rightPointer = Node(item)
else:
self.rightPointer.insert(item)
else:
self.item = item

def search(self, item):

while self.item != item:
if item < self.item:
self.item = self.leftPointer
else:
self.item = self.rightPointer
if self.item is None:
return None
return self.item

# Print the tree in order

def PrintInOrder(self):
if self.leftPointer:
self.leftPointer.PrintInOrder()
print( self.item)
if self.rightPointer:
self.rightPointer.PrintInOrder()

# Preorder traversal
def PreorderTraversal(self, tree):

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 21

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

result = []
if tree:
result.append(tree.item)
result = result +
self.PreorderTraversal(tree.leftPointer)
result = result +
self.PreorderTraversal(tree.rightPointer)
return result

# set up the root node

tree = Node(27)

# Use the insert method to add nodes to

tree.insert(19)
tree.insert(36)
tree.insert(42)
tree.insert(16)

#print(tree.search(16))

tree.PrintInOrder()
print(tree.PreorderTraversal(tree)

Activity 20I
language(england,Language).

language(Country,japanese).

Activity 20J
savingsRate(laila, X).

bankAccount(X,savings,Y).

bankAccount(robert,savings,300.00).

interest(sevenPercent,savings,2000.00).
 

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 22

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

Activity 20K
1 Absolute/Immediate – uses the operand, e.g. LDM #20 stores the denary value 20 in the
accumulator.
Direct – uses the contents of the memory location specified by the operand,
e.g. LDD 20 stores the value stored in the location with address 20 in the accumulator.
Indirect - uses the contents of the contents of the memory location specified by the operand, e.g.
LDI 20 stores the value stored in the location with the address stored at location 20 in the
accumulator.
Indexed – uses the value found at the memory location specified by adding operand to the contents
of the index register, e.g. LDX 20 stores the value stored in the location with address 20 plus the
contents of the index register in the accumulator.
2 Use of procedures and functions for procedural programming. For example, each procedure or
function is developed separately.
def square(side):
return side * side

def rectangle(side, otherSide):

return side * otherSide
:
:
def printArea (shapeName, areaToPrint):
print ("Area of ", shapeName, " is ", areaToPrint)

Use of polymorphism in object-oriented programming where classes can be derived from other
classes. For example, the use of the base class shape and the derived classed for specific shapes.
class shape:
def __init__(self):
self.__areaValue = 0
self.__perimeterValue = 0

def area(self):
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

class square(shape):
def __init__(self, side):
shape.__init__(self)
self.__side = side

def area (self):

self.__areaValue = self.__side * self.__side
print("Area ", self.__areaValue)

Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 23

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 Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science Answers

3 a) language(java,highLevel).
language(java,oop).
b) i) fortran
cobol
visualBasic
visualBasic
python
python
ii) false
c) translator(assembler,X).

20.2 What you should already know

1

Python
#set up file with one record
class TStudentRecord:
def _init_(self):
self.name =""
self.address = ""
self.className =""

studentFile = open('student.TXT','w')

myStudent = TStudentRecord()
myStudent.name = "Ahmad Sayed"
myStudent.address = "My House"
myStudent.className ="5X"

print ("Name ", myStudent.name)

print ("Address ", myStudent.address)
print ("Class ", myStudent.className)

studentFile.write(myStudent.name + " " + myStudent.address + " " +

myStudent.className + "\n")
studentFile.close()

studentFile = open('student.TXT','r')
print (studentFile.read()) #print all the records in a file
studentFile.close()

#append another record

studentFile = open('student.TXT','a')

myStudent = TStudentRecord()
myStudent.name = "Frank Yang"
myStudent.address = "My bungalow"
myStudent.className ="5X"

print ("Name ", myStudent.name)

print ("Address ", myStudent.address)
print ("Class ", myStudent.className)

studentFile.write(myStudent.name + " " + myStudent.address + " " +

myStudent.className + "\n")
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studentFile.close()

studentFile = open('student.TXT','r')
print (studentFile.read())
studentFile.close()

#delete record
studentFile = open('student.TXT','r')
newStudentFile = open('newStudent.TXT', 'w')

recordRead = studentFile.readline()

while recordRead != '':

if (recordRead != "Frank Yang" + " " + "My bungalow" + " " + "5X" + "\n"
):
newStudentFile.write(recordRead)
recordRead = studentFile.readline()

studentFile.close()
newStudentFile.close()

newStudentFile = open('newStudent.TXT', 'r')

print (newStudentFile.read())
newStudentFile.close()
os.remove('student.TXT')
os.rename('newStudent.TXT','student.TXT')

VB
'student record
Imports System.IO
Module Module1
Sub Main()
'set up file with one record
Dim recordWrite, recordRead As String
Dim studentFileWrite As StreamWriter
Dim studentFileRead As StreamReader
studentFileWrite = New StreamWriter("student.txt")
Dim myStudent As TStudentRecord

myStudent.name = "Ahmad Sayed"

myStudent.address = "My House"
myStudent.className = "5X"
Console.WriteLine("Name " + myStudent.name)
Console.WriteLine("Address " + myStudent.address)
Console.WriteLine("Class " + myStudent.className)
recordWrite = myStudent.name + " " + myStudent.address + " " +
myStudent.className
studentFileWrite.WriteLine(recordWrite)
studentFileWrite.Close()

studentFileRead = New StreamReader("student.txt")

Do
recordRead = studentFileRead.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine(recordRead)
Loop Until recordRead Is Nothing

studentFileRead.Close()

'append another record

myStudent.name = "Frank Yang"
myStudent.address = "My bungalow"
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myStudent.className = "5X"
Console.WriteLine("Name " + myStudent.name)
Console.WriteLine("Address " + myStudent.address)
Console.WriteLine("Class " + myStudent.className)
studentFileWrite = New StreamWriter("student.txt", True)
recordWrite = myStudent.name + " " + myStudent.address + " " +
myStudent.className
studentFileWrite.WriteLine(recordWrite)
studentFileWrite.Close()

studentFileRead = New StreamReader("student.txt")

Do
recordRead = studentFileRead.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine(recordRead)
Loop Until recordRead Is Nothing

studentFileRead.Close()

'delete record
studentFileRead = New StreamReader("student.txt")
studentFileWrite = New StreamWriter("newStudent.txt")

Do
recordRead = studentFileRead.ReadLine
If recordRead <> "Frank Yang" + " " + "My bungalow" + " " + "5X"
Then
recordWrite = recordRead
studentFileWrite.WriteLine(recordWrite)
End If
Loop Until recordRead Is Nothing
studentFileRead.Close()
studentFileWrite.Close()

studentFileRead = New StreamReader("newStudent.txt")

Do
recordRead = studentFileRead.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine(recordRead)
Loop Until recordRead Is Nothing
studentFileRead.Close()

My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("student.txt")
My.Computer.FileSystem.RenameFile("newStudent.txt", "student.txt")

Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
Structure TStudentRecord
Dim name As String
Dim address As String
Dim className As String
End Structure
End Module
 

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Java
//student record
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

class ShouldKnow_20_2_Q1 {
static class TStudentRecord {
String name;
String address;
String className;
String gender;

public void TstudentRecord() {

name = "";
address = "";
className ="";
}
}

public static void main(String args[]){

TStudentRecord myStudentRecord = new TStudentRecord();
myStudentRecord.name = "Ahmad Sayed";
myStudentRecord.address = "My House";
myStudentRecord.className = "5X";

System.out.println("Name " + myStudentRecord.name);

System.out.println("Address " + myStudentRecord.address);
System.out.println("Class " + myStudentRecord.className);

String studentFileWrite;
studentFileWrite = myStudentRecord.name + " " + myStudentRecord.address + "
" + myStudentRecord.className;
try {
FileWriter studentFileWriter = new FileWriter("student.txt", false);
PrintWriter studentWriter = new PrintWriter(studentFileWriter);
studentWriter.printf(studentFileWrite + "\n");
studentWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
myStudentRecord.name = "Frank Yang
myStudentRecord.address = "My Bungalow";
myStudentRecord.className = "5X";

System.out.println("Name " + myStudentRecord.name);

System.out.println("Address " + myStudentRecord.address);
System.out.println("Class " + myStudentRecord.className);

studentFileWrite = myStudentRecord.name + " " + myStudentRecord.address + "

" + myStudentRecord.className;
try {
FileWriter studentFileWriter = new FileWriter("student.txt", true);
PrintWriter studentWriter = new PrintWriter(studentFileWriter);
studentWriter.printf(studentFileWrite + "\n");
studentFileWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
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FileReader studentFileReader = new FileReader("student.txt");

BufferedReader studentReader = new
BufferedReader(studentFileReader);
String studentFileRead;
while ((studentFileRead = studentReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(studentFileRead);
}
studentFileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

try {
FileReader studentFileReader = new FileReader("student.txt");
BufferedReader studentReader = new
BufferedReader(studentFileReader);
FileWriter studentFileWriter = new FileWriter("NewStudent.txt",
false);
PrintWriter studentWriter = new PrintWriter(studentFileWriter);

String studentFileRead;

while ((studentFileRead = studentReader.readLine()) != null) {

if (!(studentFileRead.equals("Frank Yang My Bungalow 5X")) ){
studentWriter.printf(studentFileRead + "\n");
}
}
studentFileReader.close();
studentFileWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
FileReader studentFileReader = new
FileReader("newStudent.txt");
BufferedReader studentReader = new
BufferedReader(studentFileReader);
String studentFileRead;

while ((studentFileRead = studentReader.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println(studentFileRead);
}

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2 Serial – records are stored in a file one after another in the order they were added to the file.
Sequential – records are stored in a file in a given order based on the key field
Random – records are stored in a file in any available position based a hashing algorithm used on
the key field.
3 Direct – a record is found using a hashing algorithm without searching any other records.
Sequential – a record is found by searching each record in turn starting at the beginning of the
file.

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Activity 20L
Python
#ACTIVITY 20L
import datetime
import pickle

class student:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.registerNumber = 0
self.dateOfBirth = datetime.datetime.now()
self.fullTime = True

studentRecord = student()

studentFile = open('students.DAT','wb')

print("Please enter student details")

studentRecord.name = input("Please enter student name ")
studentRecord.registerNumber = int(input("Please enter student's
register number "))
year = int(input("Please enter student's year of birth YYYY "))
month = int(input("Please enter student's month of birth MM "))
day = int(input("Please enter student's day of birth DD "))
studentRecord.dateOfBirth = datetime.datetime(year, month, day)
studentRecord.fullTime = bool(input("Please enter True for full-time or
False for part-time "))
pickle.dump (studentRecord, studentFile)
print(studentRecord.name, studentRecord.registerNumber,
studentRecord.dateOfBirth, studentRecord.fullTime)

studentFile.close()

studentFile = open('students.DAT','rb')

studentRecord = pickle.load(studentFile)

print(studentRecord.name, studentRecord.registerNumber,
studentRecord.dateOfBirth, studentRecord.fullTime)

studentFile.close()
 

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VB
' ACTIVITY 20L
Option Explicit On
Imports System.IO
Module Module1

Public Sub Main()

Dim studentFileWriter As BinaryWriter
Dim studentFileReader As BinaryReader
Dim studentFile As FileStream

Dim year, month, day As Integer

Dim studentRecord As New student()

studentFile = New FileStream("studentFile.DAT",

FileMode.Create)
studentFileWriter = New BinaryWriter(studentFile)

Console.Write("Please enter student name ")

studentRecord.name = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Please enter student's register number ")
studentRecord.registerNumber =
Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter student's year of birth YYYY ")
year =Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter student's month of birth MM ")
month =Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Please enter student's day of birth DD ")
day =Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
studentRecord.dateOfBirth = DateSerial(year, month, day)
Console.Write("Please enter True for full-time or False for
part-time ")
studentRecord.fullTime = Boolean.Parse(Console.ReadLine())

studentFileWriter.Write(studentRecord.name)
studentFileWriter.Write(studentRecord.registerNumber)
studentFileWriter.Write(studentRecord.dateOfBirth)
studentFileWriter.Write(studentRecord.fullTime)

studentFileWriter.Close()
studentFile.Close()

studentFile = New FileStream("studentFile.DAT", FileMode.Open)

studentFileReader = New BinaryReader(studentFile)

studentRecord.name = studentFileReader.ReadString()
studentRecord.registerNumber = studentFileReader.ReadInt32()
studentRecord.dateOfBirth = studentFileReader.ReadString()
studentRecord.fullTime = studentFileReader.ReadBoolean()

studentFileReader.Close()
studentFile.Close()

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Console.WriteLine (studentRecord.name & " " &

studentRecord.registerNumber & " " & studentRecord.dateOfBirth & " " &
studentRecord.fullTime)
Console.ReadKey ()

End Sub

class student:
Public name As String
Public registerNumber As Integer
Public dateOfBirth As Date
Public fullTime As Boolean
End Class

End Module

Java
//ACTIVITY20L no data of birth
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class student {
private String name;
private int registerNumber;
private boolean fullTime;

student( String n, int r, boolean f){

name = n;
registerNumber = r;
fullTime = f;
}
public void showDetails(){
System.out.println(name + " " + registerNumber + " " + fullTime
);
}
}

public class ACTIVITY20L {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);

String nameIn;
int registerNumberIn;
boolean fullTimeIn;

System.out.println("Please student details");

System.out.println("Please student name ");
nameIn = myObj.next();
System.out.println("Please student's register number ");
registerNumberIn = myObj.nextInt();

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System.out.println("Please enter true for full-time or false

for part-time ");
fullTimeIn = myObj.nextBoolean();

student studentRecord = new student(nameIn, registerNumberIn,

fullTimeIn);
studentRecord.showDetails();
String registerNumberAsString =
Integer.toString(registerNumberIn);
String fullTimeAsString = Boolean.toString(fullTimeIn);

try {
FileWriter studentFile = new FileWriter("student.txt");
studentFile.write(nameIn + " " + registerNumberAsString +
" " + fullTimeAsString);
studentFile.close();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("File write error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
File myStudent = new File("student.txt");
Scanner myReader = new Scanner(myStudent);
while (myReader.hasNextLine()) {
String data = myReader.nextLine();
System.out.println(data);
}
myReader.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("File read error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}
 

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Activity 20M
Sample Python
#ACTIVITY 20L updated
import datetime
import pickle

class student:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.registerNumber = 0
self.dateOfBirth = datetime.datetime.now()
self.fullTime = True

studentRecord = student()

studentFile = open('students.DAT','ab') # a for append

print("Please enter student details")

studentRecord.name = input("Please enter student name ")
studentRecord.registerNumber = int(input("Please enter student's
register number "))
year = int(input("Please enter student's year of birth YYYY "))
month = int(input("Please enter student's month of birth MM "))
day = int(input("Please enter student's day of birth DD "))
studentRecord.dateOfBirth = datetime.datetime(year, month, day)
studentRecord.fullTime = bool(input("Please enter True for full-time or
False for part-time "))
pickle.dump (studentRecord, studentFile)
print(studentRecord.name, studentRecord.registerNumber,
studentRecord.dateOfBirth, studentRecord.fullTime)

studentFile.close()

studentFile = open('students.DAT','rb')

studentRecord = pickle.load(studentFile)

print(studentRecord.name, studentRecord.registerNumber,
studentRecord.dateOfBirth, studentRecord.fullTime)

studentFile.close()
 

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Activity 20N
Python
#ACTIVITY 20N
try:
value = int(input('Please enter an integer value '))

except:
print('Not an integer')

VB
'ACTIVITY 20N
Module Module1

Public Sub Main()

Dim value As Integer
Try
Console.Write("Please input an integer value ")
value = Integer.Parse(Console.ReadLine())
Catch e As System.FormatException
Console.WriteLine("Not an integer")
End Try
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub

End Module

Java
//ACTIVITY20N
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class ACTIVITY20N {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);

try {
System.out.println("Please input an integer value ");
int value = myObj.nextInt();
}

catch (InputMismatchException e) {
System.out.println("Not an integer");
}
}
}
 

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Activity 20O
Python
#checking file exists before trying to read from it
try:
studentFile = open('students.DAT','rb')
except OSError:
print("Could not open students.DAT")
sys.exit()

Visual Basic
'checking file exists before trying to read from it
Try
studentFile = New FileStream("studentFile.DAT", FileMode.Open)
Catch e As System.IO.IOException
Console.WriteLine("File not found")
End Try

Sample see Java Activity 20L

End of chapter questions

1 a) parent(ali, ahmed).
parent(meena, ahmed).
b) P =
ahmed
aisha
c) mother(M, gina).
d) father(F, C)
IF
male(F) AND parent(F, C).
e) brother(X, Y)
IF
male(X) AND parent(A, X) AND parent(A, Y) AND NOT X=Y.
2 a)

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DateOfBirth : DATETIME
 
 

ShowDateOfBirth() 
 
 
  
  
FullTimeStuden   PartTimeStudent

NumberOfCourses : INTEGER
TelephoneNumber : STRING
Fee : Currency
 
FeePaid : BOOLEAN
 
Constructor()
Constructor()
ShowNumberOf Courses()
ShowTelephoneNumber() 
ShowFee()
ShowFeePaid()
 
 

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b) i)

Python
class Student : def __int__(self) :
self.__StudentName = ""
self.__DateOfBirth = "" # date(1,1,2015)
def ShowStudentName() :
pass
def ShowDateOfBirth() :
pass

VB
Class Student
Public Sub ShowStudentName()
End Sub
Public Sub ShowDateOfBirth()
End Sub
Private StudentName As String
Private DateOfBirth As Date
End Class
ii)

Python
class FullTimeStudent(Student) : def
__init__(self) :
self.Address = ""
self.__TelephoneNumber = ""
def ShowAddress() :
pass
def ShowTelephoneNumber() :
pass

VB.NET
Class FullTimeStudent : Inherits Student
Sub ShowAddress()
End Sub
Sub ShowTelephoneNumber()
End Sub
Private Address As String
Private TelephoneNumber As String
End Class

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iii)

Python
NewStudent = FullTimeStudent()
NewStudent.StudentName = "A.Nyone"
NewStudent.DateOfBirth = "12/11/1990"
NewStudent.TelephoneNumber = "099111"

VB
Dim NewStudent As FullTimeStudent = New FullTimeStudent()
NewStudent.StudentName = "A.Nyone"
NewStudent.DateOfBirth = #11/12/1990#
NewStudent.TelephoneNumber = "099111"
3 a) Exception – situation causing a crash/run-time error/fatal error.
Exception handling – code which is called when a runtime error occurs to avoid the program
terminating/crashing.
b) Opening a non-existent file.
Using a directory path that does not exist.
Attempting to read past the end of the file.
c) i) 09
ii) Line 11 catches exceptions (only) between lines 05 and 10 and stops the program from
crashing.
Line 12 outputs the exception message if required.

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