CHCCCS023 Support independence and wellbeing

ASSESSMENT 1

QUESTION 1
Complete the table below in relation to human needs.
Human need Brief definition of need How meeting this need
contributes to wellbeing

Physical In order to sustain ourselves Looking after your physical

physically, we need such things as wellbeing isn’t just about staying
food, clean water, shelter, sleep, active… although being outside and
physical movement, and so on. making the most of the great
These needs are understood by outdoors does help. We can do and
virtually everyone as perform our daily activities well
incontrovertible.

Psychological A need for autonomy, competence, Psychological well-being are more

and relatedness. Cross-cultural likely to live healthier and longer
research has shown that need lives. They are also more likely to
satisfaction is necessary for all enjoy a better quality of life
people's healthy development,
engagement, motivation, and well-
being

Spiritual Defined as needs and expectations Spiritual and religious involvement

which humans have to find can yield positive health outcomes
meaning, purpose, and value in their and help people cope with many
life, such needs can be specifically issues as they age and their health
religious, but even people who have declines. Providing for people’s
no religious faith or are not the spiritual and religious needs can
members of an organized religion reduce psychological morbidity
have belief systems that give their related to chronic and terminal
lives meaning and purpose. illness.

Cultural Can be influenced by a range of Your family and cultural

factors such as where the person background shape your attitudes
lives, their gender and their about mental health and wellbeing:
language. They can include how how you are taught to cope with
soon the person would like their problems and difficult situations,
funeral, whether they would like to how you talk about them, who you
be buried or cremated, and any talk about them to, and how you
rituals or ceremonies that are seek support. Your culture may also
important to them. shape how you relax, practise self-
care, and resolve conflicts.

Social The need to have relationships with It is social support that builds
Question 2
Answer the questions below:

a) How can a person’s financial situation affect their wellbeing? Provide an example.

 Unexpected loss of income or assets

Money worries are commonly related to stress and anxiety which may manifest in
physical symptoms such as lack of sleep, increased blood pressure and heart problems.
Mental health issues such as depression can also arise when financial fears are present.

b) How can a person’s career or occupation affect their wellbeing? Provide an example.

 Being happy

 Productive

Employment can improve an individual's physical and mental well-being, while job loss
can have a detrimental effect. Their lack of employment exacerbates these conditions,
creating a cycle where unemployment leads to ill health and ill health leads
to unemployment.

c) In what ways could the financial situation of a person who is ageing impact their
physical and psychological health and wellbeing?

 Financial problems are a significant source of stress. Many people with mental illness
have reduced financial capacity, often through inability to sustain full-time paid
employment, and must subsist on disability support pensions and illness benefits.
Financial planning and budgeting can also be compromised by some of the symptoms of
mental illness, such as disorganisation.

d) How may a sudden change in lifestyle affect a person’s wellbeing? Provide an

example.

 death of a close friend or family member – It is traumatic to a person specially if that

person are very close and important to them
There are all kinds of events that require you to make changes in your everyday life that aren’t
necessarily traumatic, but still very challenging. Sometimes these events change how you see
yourself

Question 3

a) What is self-actualisation? Provide an example.

 Realizing personal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak

experiences. A desire to become everything one is capable of becoming.

 They Are Realistic

 They Possess Self-Acceptance and a Democratic World View

 They Tend to Be Problem-Centered

 The Self-Actualized Person Is Autonomous

 They Enjoy Solitude and Privacy

 They Have a Philosophical Sense of Humor

 Self-Actualized People Are Spontaneous

 They Fully Enjoy the Journey, Not Just the Destination

https://www.verywellmind.com/characteristics-of-self-actualized-people-2795963

https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

b) In one paragraph, describe a common myth that surrounds sexuality in older people,
and why this myth is not true.

 Older adults are unable to have sex because their bodies are too old or sick.

Some changes within the aging body can alter or complicate sexual expression and
declines in sexual functioning may occur, but desire and interest remain. The use of
 medications to treat sexual dysfunction in both men and women has made it possible for
people to remain sexually active late into life. One study revealed 61 percent of people
over 60 said their sex life today was the same or better than in their 40s, and 26 percent of
those over 75 remain sexually active.

https://ltcombudsman.org/uploads/files/support/sexuality-and-aging-fact-sheet-2015.pdf

c) In one paragraph, describe a common myth that surrounds sexuality in people with
disabilities, and why this myth is not true.

 People living with a disability are not sexual

Like anyone else, people living with a disability are people first and are therefore sexual
beings like all of us, with sexual desires, feelings and fantasies. One of the biggest
barriers for people living with a disability to express their sexuality is the negative
societal attitude and assumption that they are not sexual. Another barrier is that some
people living with a disability may not be independent, for example, in terms of ‘self-
care’ and may rely on others for this. In this case, the person living with a disability may
be seen as child-like; therefore rendered sexless. However, no matter if, when, how, or
with whom, one chooses to express or not express one’s sexuality, all human beings are
sexual.

https://www.independenceaustralia.com.au/health-articles/health-disabilities-and-sex/

d) Describe at least three issues a client who is intersex or transgender may experience
during their everyday living.

 Discrimination

 Self-doubt

 Low self esteem

Question 4

a) List three health risks involved in poor dental hygiene.

 Oral infection
  Heart disease

 Weight loss due to loss of appetite resulting malnutrition

b) List five ways that exercise improves health.

 Improve circulation

 Weight loss

 Muscle strength

 Increase metabolism

 Improve bone density

c) Why is support with personal hygiene important?

 To prevent illness and to promote wellness

 The most obvious and important reason for good hygiene is maintaining physical health.
As we age our immune system is not as robust as it once was and that means germs and
viruses are more of an enemy than ever. Hand-washing before handing food and after
visiting the facilities if not already a habit should become one. Many medications
common in the senior group cause skin to become fragile making it easier for germs to
invade. Be on alert for situations where germs may be abundant such as hospitals or
public transit and use sanitizer or antibacterial soap.

d) What are four common diet-related health problems experienced by older people?

 Diabetes

 Hypertension

 Kidney disease

 Lung problems or disease

e) What are four things that can improve mental health outcomes?

 Thinking positive
  Proper nutrition

 Counselling or recreational activities

 Socialization

 Regular medical check up

Question 5

a) In the table below, list indicators you may observe in a person who is subject to abuse.
You must list at least three indicators for each form of abuse.

Type of abuse Indicators of abuse (at least 3 for each type)

Financial Loss of funds, unpaid bills, unknown money withdrawals,

disappearance of valuable things.

Sexual Pain in genital areas, isolation, laceration or bleeding in genital

areas

Physical Bruises, broken bones, lacerations and scratches in the body,

Psychological Paranoia, depression, isolation,

b) If you suspected that a client was being abused, do you have an obligation to report
it? Explain your answer.

 Yes, it is indicated in the duty of care, It is a law that any suspected or witnesses of an
abused needs to reported within 24 hours.

Question 6
In the table below, list some indicators you may observe in a person who is exhibiting emotional
issues. You must list at least three indicators for each type of issue:
Emotion Indicators of emotional issue (at least 3 for each type)

Prolonged sadness Weight loss/gain, crying, fatigue,

Distress Lack of concentration, sleeping disturbances, irritable.

Anxiety Restless, sleeping problem, worried

Lack of engagement Social isolation, trust issue, poor relationship

Heightened level of Aggressive, lack of self-control, excessive laughing

emotional expression

Question 7
Jake is one of your clients and he is worried about ‘coming out’. His family is very religious
and he doesn’t feel his brothers and sister will understand or accept him if he tells them the
truth. Jake is now in a serious relationship and his partner is putting pressure on him to
announce the relationship to his family.

a) What issues is Jake experiencing because of his sexuality?

 Jake’s partner is putting pressure on him on coming out. Increase anxiety, and anxious
because his family is not accepting his sexuality, his relationship, and his identity

b) As Jake’s care worker, how would you support him as he experiences these issues?

 Encourage Jake to express his feelings. Listen or lend him your ears and do not be
judgemental.
c) List a support network that Jake could contact.

 LGBTI COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

https://waaids.com/item/866-lgbti-community-consultations.html?
gclid=CjwKCAjwmKLzBRBeEiwACCVihidtRXlWXtGyFOCrktdvmU2bcEU7mKbMG
bMREKQFat8iFoJVujWFvhoCol8QAvD_BwE

 LGBTQI RIGHTS
https://www.amnesty.org.au/campaigns/lgbtqi-rights/?
cn=trd&mc=click&pli=23501504&PluID=0&ord={timestamp}&gclid=CjwKCAjwmKL
zBRBeEiwACCVihhQaWeu2Md-
Yu6RfMwFznyec14Zj7pKhhi9BwR4RbZ0Cw2YArVWGvxoCi3oQAvD_BwE

 Living Proud

LGBTI Community Services of WA

https://www.livingproud.org.au/

Question 8
Lois has had a stroke, which has left her paralysed down her right side. Her needs are being
assessed. Through the assessment process, it has been noted that Lois has the following needs:
§ Lois is very keen to remain living in her home. Her son comes in to visit twice a week and
there are neighbours who can assist with shopping etc.
§ She needs assistance to shower and dress.
§ Lois is right handed so paralysis on right hand side is restricting her ability to do many
activities of daily living.
§ Lois finds it difficult to walk with the crutches she was given when coming out of hospital. She
is able to walk but does not think the crutches give her enough stability.
§ Lois is worried about her security. She wonders about getting a personal alarm.
§ She enjoys knitting but finds this impossible while her right hand is paralysed. She feels she
needs something to do – perhaps learn a new language.
§ Lois loves her garden. It is breaking her heart to see all the weeds growing.

a) Make a list of resources that would assist Lois to remain as independent as possible
(list at least eight).
  Walker
 Physiotherapist
 Personal care assistant
 Refer to speech therapy
 Refer to a linguistic
 Provide Duris alarm
 She needs a gardener
 Providing side rails and bath mat for safety
 Refer to the community groups for socialization activities.

b) What strategies could be put in place to increase Lois’s strength that she has lost due
to the stroke? List three strategies and explain how these would benefit Lois and how the
carer could support Lois in each process.

Strategies for Lois Benefits Carer support

Physiotherapist Although physiotherapy is Help client to have a good

typically used to treat athletes grooming and presentable to
and those who have suffered their appointments. Bring client
injury from an accident, it can to the place
actually provide relief to some
of the most common aches and
injuries. Physical therapy has
proven to be an effective form
of treatment for muscle pain,
joint injuries, arthritis, mobility
issues and even respiratory
problems, like cystic fibrosis.

Occupational Therapist Occupational Therapy Prepare clients and help them

Improves an Individual's in bathing if they can’t do it on
Independence. Improves their own, Help prepare all their
Strength and Endurance for needs. Accompany them to the
Functional Tasks. Can Also therapist.
Work on Functional Cognition
and Visual Deficits.

Exercises to the left side of the Working out the muscles on Help client to perform the
body one side of our bodies can keep exercise but with limitations. If
the muscles on the other side they would allow themselves to
 strong and fit, even if we do not do on their own just supervise
move them at all. There have them and help if they can’t
been hints, though, that perform well
exercising one limb can affect
the other.

Question 9
Various changes occur in human development across the lifespan. Identify two changes for
each category. google
 Lifespan stage Physical Emotional

Infancy Physical growth is especially rapid begin showing a spontaneous "social

during the first 2 years. smile" around age 2 to 3 months, and
begin to laugh spontaneously around
they learn to control their head and age 4 months
neck before they learn to maneuver
their arms; they learn to maneuver between ages 2 and 6 months, infants
their arms before they learn to express other feelings such as anger,
manipulate their fingers sadness, surprise, and fear

Early/Middle Children typically have acquired a emotional development takes place

childhood leaner, more athletic appearance. during early childhood, kids
experience temper tantrums, mood
Girls and boys still have similar body swings,
shapes and proportions until both
sexes reach puberty, the process Expanding social world, they must
whereby children sexually mature into learn more about their emotions as
teenagers and adults. well as those of other people.

Adolescence In boys between the ages of 13 and Hormones. These critical chemicals in
17. Include rapid growth, an increase the brain that bring about physical
in body and facial hair, developing changes also affect adolescents’
sexual organs and undergoing voice moods and heighten their emotional
changes. In addition, as boys develop responses.
sexually, they release nocturnal
emissions. Sometimes your mood will swing
between feeling confident and happy
Girls' bodies increase in size and to feeling irritated and depressed in a
shape during puberty. Their hips short span of time. These frequent
become more rounded and they get a swings in how you feel are called
more defined waist. The vulva, vagina mood swings.
and nipples get bigger and the breasts
begin to develop, sometimes unevenly.

Adulthood/ Muscular strength, reaction time, Older adults may struggle with
sensory abilities, and cardiac output feelings of guilt, shame, or depression
Late adulthood begin to decline in the late twenties because of their increased dependency,
and continue to decline throughout especially in societies where the
middle adulthood (roughly age 40 to elderly are viewed as a burden
65) and late adulthood (the years after
65).
Question 10

a) The following is a list of different service delivery models. In one to two sentences,
explain each of the models.

Service delivery model Explanation of model

Residential care Residential care models focus on the environment that existed within
group homes, there is a need for these programs to concentrate on
how some adolescents begin to adjust to life in a unique new
environment. This model includes two components: one that supports
a stable and secure environment which is essential in re-organizing
attachment behavior and another component of care and treatment that
builds resilient adolescents through effective therapeutic teaching.
This residential model has been designed to supplant unstable family
models that many of the adolescents have experienced and to
ultimately enhance the adolescent's resiliency in managing life after
the group home.

Integrated care Integrated care is often contraposed to fragmented and episodic care,
and it is used synonymously to terms like coordinated care and
seamless care, among others. However, there is no unifying definition
or common conceptual understanding of integrated care, which is
most likely a result of ‘the polymorphous nature of integrated care
itself. In effect, the perspectives that construct the concept are likely
to be shaped by views and expectations of various stakeholders in the
health system.

Outreach services is used to describe any type of health service that mobilizes health
workers to provide services to the population or to other health
workers, away from the location where they usually work and live

Acute care Includes the health system components, or care delivery platforms,
used to treat sudden, often unexpected, urgent or emergent episodes of
injury and illness that can lead to death or disability without rapid
intervention.

Least restrictive principle is a principle that is about ensuring that a person is able to maintain
Service delivery model Explanation of model

their autonomy remember, it is about the State intervening in as

narrow a way as possible.

Person-centred planning Is an ongoing problem-solving process used to help people with

disabilities plan for their future. In person centered planning, groups
of people focus on an individual and that person's vision of what they
would like to do in the future.

Strength-based approach Is a collaborative process between the person supported by services

and those supporting them, allowing them to work together to
determine an outcome that draws on the person's strengths and assets.

b) What are three different models of funding for community services organisations?

 Commonwealth
 State Funding
 Donations


c) Choose a relevant organisation in your industry and find out how funding or payment
options work. You may like to choose the organisation you work for, or are doing your
work placement at, or you can research an organisation using the Internet.

Brightwater is registered as a public benevolent institution with the Australian Taxation Office,
which means we can pass our special tax concessions on to our staff.
With salary packaging, you can legitimately pay less tax while maximising your net earnings.

Salary packaging is the easy way to give yourself a pay rise

If you work for an organisation that offers salary packaging, you can use some of your salary to
pay for everyday expenses before income tax is calculated, meaning you pay less tax and have
more money to spend. That’s because your salary packaging money is deducted first and then
your tax is calculated on the remaining amount.

Salary packaging the maximum amount allowed each Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) year means
you’re making the most of this employee benefit. The maximum for employees of not-for-profit
organisations is $15,900 (this is also known as your ‘tax free cap’) and $9,010 for hospital and
healthcare employees. Salary packaging to the ‘cap’ means you’re using the maximum amount
you’re allowed to salary package.
Salary packaging is an easy and convenient way to pay for regular expenses such as your
mortgage or rent, credit card and personal loan payments, or even regular daily items such as
groceries and petrol. There’s also lots of other benefits you can include in your salary packaging
arrangement.

Access your funds wherever and whenever you need them

The Access Pay Salary Packaging and Meal Entertainment card gives you instant access to your
salary packaging funds, so you’re never out of pocket, you just pay as you go. It’s a two-in-one
card, so if you’re salary packaging both living expenses and meal entertainment, they’ll be
combined on the same card, meaning you only need to carry one card in your wallet.
There’s no need to select different options when you use your card to make sure the correct funds
are used. The merchant and transaction details will automatically trigger which funds to use. For
example, if you use your card at a restaurant and are salary packaging meal entertainment, the
funds will be deducted from your meal entertainment account. The benefit of the two-in-one card
is that if you don’t have enough money in this account, your living expenses account will be used
to make up the difference. If you don’t have enough funds in your living expenses account, your
meal entertainment balance can’t be used to make up the difference because of the restrictions
placed on meal entertainment transactions.

Question 11
Suggest a community network that could be beneficial to the following groups of people.

Suggest a community network that could be beneficial to the following groups of people.
Google and link

§ Clients with alcohol addictions

Reach out.com Addiction

https://au.reachout.com/tough-times/addiction

§ Arthritis sufferers

Arthritis and Osteoporosis WA

https://www.arthritiswa.org.au/

§ Italian men

WA Italian club

https://waitalianclub.com/

§ Sudanese women

South Sudan Women Empowerment Network

http://sswen.org/

§ A person with Cerebral Palsy

CEREBRAL PALSY AUSTRALIA

http://cpaustralia.com.au/

§ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a disability

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and intellectual disability

https://www.communitydoor.org.au/service-delivery/disability/how-to-hear-me-a-resource-kit-for-
working-with-people-with-intellectua-5

Question 12
Research the Internet to find the standards for the following areas of community services:

Standards of palliative care

Research the Internet to find
the standards for the following Web address
areas of community services:

Name of standards

Palliative care National Palliative Care Standards

https://palliativecare.org.au/standards

Disability Services National Standards for Disability Services

http://www.globalskills.com.au/national-standards-
disability-services/

Residential Aged Care Aged Care Quality Standards

https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/aged-care-quality-
standards

Mental Health Services National Standards for Mental Health Services

2010

https://www.chiefpsychiatrist.wa.gov.au/standards-
guidelines/national-standards-for-mental-health-
services-2010/

Services against sexual National Association of Services Against

violence Sexual Violence
Research the Internet to find
the standards for the following Web address
areas of community services:

Name of standards

http://www.nasasv.org.au/

Question 13

a) Provide two reasons why clients in community care may feel disempowered.

 They feel helpless because they can’t contribute in the community

 They feel they are a burden in the community

b) Provide two strategies that can enable clients to be empowered in relation to their
care.

 Promote independence, let them decide and ask what they want.

 Praise and reward system

Question 14
Ayesha is one of your clients who wears a head covering due to her religious beliefs. She is
not originally from Australia. She has joined a community arts and craft class on
Wednesday afternoons. Mary, who takes the class, treats Ayesha differently to the other
women attending the class. She speaks to her rudely and does not pay her much attention.
She has been overhead talking to one of the other ladies in the class about how head
coverings do not align with Australian values – Ayesha should be acting like an Australian!

a) What is wrong with Mary’s behaviour?

 Discrimination - She speak to Ayesha rudely and does not pay her much
attention. She has been overhead talking to one of the other ladies in the class
about how head coverings do not align with Australian values

b) What is the responsibility of the community centre when they find out about Mary’s
behaviour, and what legislation is being breached in this instance? (Refer to your own state
or territory’s legislation.)
  They have to speak to Mary. And educate her about the legislation according to the state.

The main Commonwealth anti-discrimination laws are:

 The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 - unlawful to discriminate against a person on the
ground of race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin.

https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/book/export/html/5485#:~:text=The%20main
%20Commonwealth%20anti%2Ddiscrimination,on%20the%20ground%20of
%20disability.

Question 15

Rachel used to work with Aleia, who struggled with alcohol addiction. She has not worked
with Aleia for more than a year, as her case was transferred to a different organisation and
carer when Aleia moved to another area.

One of Rachel’s colleagues tells her that she saw Aleia at the local shops with her daughter
recently, and she did not look very well at all.

Rachel looks for Aleia’s daughter on Facebook, but her profile is locked down with all
privacy settings and there is nothing to see.

Rachel is worried that Aleia could have started drinking again. She looks through the
computer system and finds Aleia’s daughter’s address. She wants to make sure both Aleia is
okay, so decides to drive to Aleia’s home after work.

a) Do you think Rachel has overstepped her work role boundaries? Explain your
answer, including Rachel’s responsibilities as a worker and Aleia’s rights as a client.

 Yes, Rachel used to work with Alei but she is not working with her anymore. Rachel
should report to the community organization because they are the liable and let them do
further investigation and proper action about this matter.

b) What is the responsibility of an organisation when it comes to their employees

maintaining proper work role boundaries?

 Provide policy and procedures and make sure that all employees should abide the law.

Question 16
Frances is an elderly resident of an aged care residence. She still has good cognitive ability
but her physical ability is very frail. Monday, Wednesday and Friday a personal care
worker assists Frances with a shower. This is fine except that she would really like a
shower on the weekend so she feels nice and fresh for her visitors. There is not enough
staffing to add a shower to Frances’ schedule.

The bathroom has a non-slip floor and there are grab rails and a shower stool. Frances
decides she will give herself a shower on Saturday mornings – she is very careful and
manages to shower herself. Frances feels very independent and good about herself.

Later when she tells a staff member, they say ‘That was very silly of you – what if you had
fallen?’ Another staff member tells her ‘Good on you, well done. I know how careful you
always are not to fall – I think you will be fine.’

She decides to do this on a regular basis on Saturday mornings – after all she is an adult
and shouldn’t be spoken to like a child.

a) Discuss the care facility’s responsibility to allow Frances’ her dignity of risk in this
regard

 Explain to Frances about the risks ,but allow him to do his activities, and let her sign the
dignity of risk form

b) How important do you think it is for people to make their own decisions wherever
possible?

 It is very important because it would make them empowered.

Question 17

Refer to your state or territory’s legislation and identify five professionals who are
prescribed as mandatory reporters.

 Police officers

 doctors

 nurses

 midwives

 teachers

 boarding supervisors
Use the Internet to access the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Explain how Article
25 is relevant to people in a community/residential or homecare setting.

Question 18

a) Describe what is meant by your duty of care to your clients.

 Client has the rights to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of
himself and of his family.

b) Describe what is meant by your employer’s duty of care to their clients and
employees.

 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms. Has the right of standard living and include food, clothing
housing, medical care, necessary social services and other.

c) Discuss the importance of privacy and confidentiality of your client’s information.

 Everyone has the right of privacy and confidentiality. Client’s information should be
provided to the right person and consent is given before accessing it. They have the right
of security and respect.

d) Give an example of how a client’s privacy may be breached in your industry.

 Sharing confidential information about a client with a family member or friend.

 Talking about confidential information somewhere you can be overheard.
 Leaving your computer containing confidential information open to others

e) Describe two circumstances under which a worker can, in compliance with the law,
disclose confidential information to others.
  Consulting with other practitioners. Counselors can share pertinent information with
key members of the healthcare team as needed for continuity of care.

 Court or disciplinary actions. A court can order a counselor to release confidential

health information without a client’s permission, unless the counselor can compel the
court to reconsider because of potential harm to the client counselor relationship.

 Dangerous clients. If you believe your client is suicidal or is a clear and imminent
danger to himself or others, you have an obligation to report it to your supervisor, the
client’s primary care provider or the appropriate authorities.

Question 19

List three situations that would be beyond the scope of your own role, and what you would
do in each of those situations.

 Calling the doctor and did the referral – talk to the RN or clinical manager of the facility
and inform the action done.
 Administering prn medication – make and incident report
 Calling the family and inform the clients condition - – talk to the RN or clinical manager
of the facility and inform the action done and make incident report.