2018 Sec 4 Physics SA2 - Chung Cheng Yishun

[40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section

1. The light year is defined as the distance light travels in 1 year. Which of the following
is the nearest estimate of 1 light year in gigameters (Gm)?
A 100 B 1000 C 10000 D 10000000

2. The following diagram shows the reading on a micrometer screw gauge.

What is the reading on the micrometer screw gauge?

A 7.22 mm B 7.72 mm C 7.22 cm D 7.72 cm

3. A cube of mass 5.0 kg with sides 0.20 m long has a cube of sides 0.10 m cut from its
corner as shown. What is the density of the remaining portion?
A 25 kg/m³ B 547 kg/m³
C 625 kg/m³ D 714 kg/m³

4. The overall stopping distance of a car consists of a ‘thinking distance’ for the driver
to react and the ‘braking distance’ to stop his car. A driver driving at 20 m/s took
0.50 s to react and a further 5.0 s to stop his car. What is his overall stopping
distance?
A 50 m B 55 m C 60 m D 110 m

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5. The following graph shows the speed-time graph of a body.
v

Which of the following graphs shows the distance-time graph of the body?

s s

t t
A B

s s

t t
C D

6. A ball rolling across a field will slow down and eventually stop because
A inertia will cause all objects to remain in a state of rest.
B there is no net force acting on the ball.
C there is a force that acts in the direction opposite its motion.
D the ball has no energy since there is no work done on the ball.

7. A 2000 kg car travelling at a constant velocity of 25 m/s encounters a total resistive

force of 50 kN. Assuming there are no other horizontal forces acting on the car,
which of these relationships describes the driving force F provided by the engine?
A F=0N B F < 50 kN C F = 50 kN D F > 50 kN

8. The pellet of mass 50 mg is fired vertically upwards and reaches a height of 1000 m.
What is the total energy at the highest point?
A 0J B 0.5 J C 500 J D 500000 J

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9. A technician tries to loosen a nut with a spanner but the
nut does not turn. He has held the spanner above the
horizontal level as shown. Which of the following
methods is not a logical attempt? spanner
A Use a longer spanner. gap
Horizontal
B Bring the spanner nearer the horizontal level. level
C Apply more force. nut
D Push the nut further into the gap.

10. A rectangular box of dimensions 4.0 m by 2.0 m by 3.0 m weighs 50 N. What is the
minimum pressure it exerts on the surface it rests on?
A 2.1 Pa B 4.2 Pa C 6.3 Pa D 8.3 Pa

11. Which of the following statements is true?

A The force at piston L is 1600 N.

B Piston K will move a longer distance than piston L.
C The pressure at piston K and piston L is the same.
D The pressure at piston K is lower than at piston L.

12. A man lies on a bed of needles. What happens if the number of needles is doubled?
Force on 1 needle Force on the man Pressure at contact
A Remains the same Doubled Remains the same
B Halved Remains the same Halved
C Remains the same Doubled Doubled
D Halved Remains the same Remains the same

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13. Illuminated smoke particles, suspended in air, are viewed through a microscope.
They appear to move randomly. Which of the following best describes the
conversion and transfer of energy that takes place?
A Kinetic energy of air molecules → Kinetic energy of smoke particles
B Potential energy of air molecules → Kinetic energy of smoke particles
C Heat energy from source → Kinetic energy of smoke particles
D Light energy from source → Kinetic energy of smoke particles

14. Which of the following statements is true when the temperature of a solid is raised?
A The molecules expand and the solid occupies a greater volume
B The molecules in the solid start to move around
C The mass of the solid increases as the volume increases
D Heat travels to all parts of the solid in the form of kinetic energy of the molecules

15. A gas in the process of condensation will

A not give off or take in any heat because there is no change in temperature.
B give off heat because its molecules are losing kinetic energy.
C give off heat because intermolecular forces are forming.
D take in heat in order to break the intermolecular forces.

16. Blowing across the surface of a spoon of hot soup will cause it to cool mainly
because
A still air is a poor conductor but moving air is good conductor.
B convection cannot occur without blowing.
C blowing across the surface increases the surface area for radiation.
D blowing across the surface allows more evaporation to take place.

17. The interior (which is touching the water) of a vacuum flask designed to hold hot
water is shiny because
A shiny surfaces are poor absorbers of radiation.
B shiny surfaces are good absorbers of radiation.
C shiny surfaces are poor emitters of radiation.
D shiny surfaces are good emitters of radiation.

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18. A 3 kW kettle containing 500 g of a boiling liquid is placed on a balance. The
balance reads 200 g after 5 minutes. What is the value of the specific latent heat of
vapourisation of the liquid?
A 2.0 kJ/kg B 3.0 kJ/kg C 3.0 MJ/kg D 4.5 MJ/kg

19. What information can you conclude from the graph describing a wave?
Displacement

X
Distance

A The amplitude is X. B The amplitude is X/2.

C The period is Y. D The period is Y/2.

20. Which of the following can be used to calculate the period of a wave?
A frequency divided by wave speed
B frequency divided by the wavelength
C wavelength multiplied by the frequency
D wavelength divided by the wave speed

21. Given that the critical angle of a medium is 45°, what is the refractive index?
A 0.71 B 1.00 C 1.33 D 1.41

22. An object is placed 12 cm from a lens of focal length 8 cm. Which of the following
best describes the property of the image?
A real, inverted, diminished B real, inverted, magnified
C virtual, upright, magnified D virtual, upright, diminished

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23. The refractive index of water is 1.33. What is the speed of light in water?
A 7.5 x 107 m/s B 2.25 x 108 m/s C 3.00 x 108 m/s D 4.00 x 108 m/s

24. A boy shouts on a mountain and hears the echo from the nearest neighbouring
mountain after 2.0 s. Given that the speed of sound in air is 300 m/s, how far is the
neighbouring mountain from the boy?
A 75 m B 150 m C 300 m D 600 m

25. The following graph describes a longitudinal wave, with left defined as the positive
direction. Which is a region of compression?
Displacement / m
B D
A
C
+2

Position / m
12 24

-2

26. Which of the following methods can be used to test whether an unknown material X
is a magnet?
I Find out whether a compass needle is deflected when a wire carrying a
current is wound around it.
II Find out whether a North pole of a permanent magnet will attract X.
III Find out whether a South pole of a permanent magnet will repel X.
A I and III only B II and III only C I and II only D III only

27. The diagram shows two charges. In which direction will the electric field act?

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28. The diagram shows two insulated metal spheres P and Q. The steps are, in order:
Step 1: Bring the (+) charged rod close to P
Step 2: Momentarily earthed P
Step 3: Separate P from Q +++++
Step 4: Remove the charged rod
What are the charges on P and Q?
Option A B C D
Charge on P Positive No charge Negative Negative
Charge on Q Positive Positive No charge Negative

29. A circuit is set up as shown. The cell has an emf of 3.0 V and the resistance of R is
5.0 Ω.

V R

A
What are the readings on the ammeter A and voltmeter V when the jockey is
adjusted to give minimum resistance and the switch is closed?
Option A B C D
Reading on A 0.6 A Shoots to full scale deflection 0A 0A
Reading on V 3.0 V 3.0 V 3.0 V 0V

30. Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a thermistor as current
increases?
Option A B C D
Voltage Increases Increases Decreases Decreases
Resistance Increases Decreases Increases Decreases

31. A wire has resistance R. A wire half as long with twice the diameter made of the
same material will have resistance
A R/8 B R/4 C R D 2R

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32. Two identical cells are connected to two circuits. It is found that both circuits have
the same current flowing in them. What is the value of R?

A 1.5 Ω B 5.0 Ω C 7.0 Ω D 12.0 Ω

33. The most suitable fuse rating for a heater marked 240 V, 1.2 kW is
A 5A B 7A C 12 A D 20 A

34. The cost of a unit (kWh) of electricity is 24 cents. What is the cost, to the nearest
cent, to turn on a 0.5 kW computer for 30 minutes?
A $0.06 B $3.60 C $21.60 D $60.00

35. A current of 4 A flows in the live wire of a socket when the appliance is functioning
normally. Which of the following is true?
A A current of 4 A flows in the neutral wire
B A current of 4 A flows in the earth wire
C A current of less than 4 A flows in the neutral wire
D A current of less than 4 A flows in the earth wire

36. A LDR is connected in series with a fixed resistor

R1 = 5.0 Ω. The input voltage is 6 V and the
output voltage is 1 V. Which is the likely physical
condition of the surrounding?
A bright
B dark
C hot
D cold

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37. Which of the following best describes why a magnet will attract a piece of soft iron?
A The piece of soft iron becomes an induced magnet.
B The piece of soft iron becomes a temporary magnet.
C The piece of soft iron becomes a permanent magnet.
D An induced current will flow in the piece of soft iron.

38. A beam of electron experiences a magnetic field from the top to the bottom of the
page. A force to the right of the page acts on the electron beam. What is the
direction which the electron beam travels and which rule determines the direction?
Option A B C D
Direction Into the Into the page Out of the Out of the
page page page
Rule: Fleming’s Left Right Left Right
____ Hand Rule

39. An a.c. input of 240 V is connected to the primary coil of an ideal transformer. The
output current is 6 A. Which of the following is a possible combination of the input
current and output voltage?
Option A B C D
Input Current 12 A 480 A 1A 0A
Output Voltage 120 V 24 V 40 V 0V

40. An ac generator produces an output Voltage

voltage as shown in the diagram.

Which of the following best describes the

changes if the generator is turned twice
as fast? 0.2 s Time

Option A B C D
Output Voltage Doubles Halves Doubles Unchanged
Period Doubles Doubles Halves Doubles
----------------------------------------- END OF PAPER -------------------------------------------------

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 Section A (50 marks)

Answer all the questions in the space provided.

1. A car describes a linear motion represented by the graph shown in Fig.1.1.

v / ms-1

30

20

10

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 t/s
- 20
Fig.1.1

(a) (i) Describe the motion of the car from t = 0 to 110 s. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) What is the value of the retardation of the car from t = 50 to 70 s? [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Find the total displacement travelled by the car for the whole journey. [2]

(c) Sketch the displacement-time graph for the car’s motion.

Indicate all relevant values. [2]

2
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2. A uniform rod PQ of length 80.0 cm and weight 2.0 N is placed on the pivot as shown
in Fig. 2.1 below. A spring balance is attached to the other end of the rod. A load of
8.0 N is placed 20.0 cm from the spring balance.

Fig. 2.1

(a) What is the reading on the spring balance in order for the rod to balance
horizontally? [2]

(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the reaction (force) on the pivot. [2]

(c) If the 8.0 N weight is gradually moved along the rod towards P, the rod being
kept horizontal, state and explain the change in the magnitude of T. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. A 0.50 kg ball starting from position A which is 7.5 m above the ground, slides down
from an incline with an initial speed of vo m/s as shown. Friction on the rough incline
produces 10.7 J of heat energy. The ball leaves the incline at position B travelling
vertically upward and reaches a height of 13.0 m above the floor (position C) before
Falling vertically down.

A
v0

(a) State the Principle of Conservation of Energy. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What is/are the energy/energies that the ball possesses at position A? [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy at position C. [1]

(d) Calculate the initial speed, v0, at position A. [2]

(e) State one assumption for your calculation in (d). [1]

………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. Fig.4.1 shows the plan view of a fish tank containing one goldfish.
The diagram is drawn full scale.
tank

water
side B
fish

side A
Fig. 4.1

Eye

A boy can see two images of the fish when he looks from the position shown.
Fig. 4.1 shows a ray of light, from the fish, that is refracted at side B of the tank.
The ray enters the eye as shown.

(a) Measure the angle of incidence and refraction and use the angles to determine
the refractive index of the water in the tank. [2]

On Fig.4.1,

(b) (i) sketch a second ray (no need to draw to scale) from the fish to the eye
that is refracted at side A of the tank,

(ii) show the positions of the two images of the fish. [3]

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5. (a) Explain, by writing about molecules, how the air inside a car tyre exerts
a pressure on the walls of the tyre. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) A vessel closed by a piston contained a constant mass of gas. Keeping the
temperature of the gas constant, weights are placed on top of the piston which
reduces the volume of the gas.

Complete the table below, using the words increases, decreases or no effect
to describe the changes that have occurred. [1]

Property of the gas Change that has occurred

Number of molecules in every cm3

Frequency of collisions of the gas molecules

with the piston

Average kinetic energy of the gas molecules

Pressure of the gas

6. A light perspex ball is placed near a highly positively charged metal dome in a Van de
Graaff generator. The ball swings away from the positively charged metal dome and
remains stationary at position X. (Fig. 6.1)

+ +
metal dome + +
+ + X
+ +
+ +
Van-der-Graft
generator

Fig. 6.1

(a) Explain why the perspex ball moves away from the metal dome. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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 (b) The perspex ball has a mass of 5.0 g.

At the instant where the ball is stationary at X, there is a horizontal electric

force, FE = 0.15 N acting to the right, a tension T in the string and the weight W,
(Fig. 6.2)

FE = 0.15 N

Fig. 6.2

By using a scale drawing, determine the tension T and the angle T that the
string makes with the vertical. (Take g = 0.01 N / g) [4]

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7. (a) Fig. 7.1 shows an electric circuit powered by a 12.0 V battery of negligible
internal resistance.

4.0 : 3.0 :

EMF
12.0 V V
6.0 : 9.0 :

S
A

Fig. 7.1
Determine the ammeter and the voltmeter readings when

(i) the switch S, is open; [2]

(ii) the switch S, is closed. [2]

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 (b) The same power source is now connected to a potential divider consisting of an
LDR and a resistor. (Fig. 7.2).

An LDR (light-emitting diode) is an input transducer whose resistance can

change according to the amount of light falling on it.

10 k :

12.0 V

LDR V

Fig. 7.2

(i) Explain the word ‘input transducer’. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) What is the resistance of the LDR when the voltmeter reads
2.0 V? [1]

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8. A pupil makes a simple d.c motor as shown in Fig. 8.1 using some common materials
and connected to a 6.0 V battery.

Fig. 8.1

The enamelled copper wire is an insulated wire with part of its insulation removed.
The ends of the coil are placed on the large paper clip.

When the power source is turned on, the coil is given a slight push and the coil begins
to spin.

(a)(i) Why is the coil given a slight push? [1]

………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain why the coil starts to rotate continuously. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) If a stronger power source is used, state its effect on the rotation of the coil. [1]
………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) What is the purpose of the third magnet inside the cup? [1]
………………………………………………………………………………………..

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9. Fig. 9.1 shows the structure of a transformer which is used in the transmission of
electrical power through the cables.

Coil Number of turns

J 50
K 100
L 1 000
M 1 500

Fig. 9.1 Table 1

An engineer is assigned to build a step-down transformer for stepping down the voltage
from 3.3 kV to 220 V in the substation of a housing estate. He has the choice of using
four types of coils with different number of turns as shown in Table 1 above.

(a) Based on Table 1, select the most suitable pair of coils for making the primary coil
and secondary coil of the transformer. Explain your choice. [2]
…………….…………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Assume that the transformer is 75 % efficient and the power output is 15 kW,
determine the current flowing in the primary coil. [2]

(c) State and explain one feature that can improve the efficiency of this transformer. [1]
…………….…………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

-END OF SECTION A-

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 Section B [ 30 marks ]

Answer all the questions from this section. Question 12 has a choice of section to answer.

10. Fig. 10.1 shows the hydraulic braking system for a car from the brake pedal to the
braking discs of the wheel.
Piston P
Fig 10.1

Piston Q

A force is applied downwards on the brake pedal in order to slow down the wheels of
the car.

(a) Using Fig. 10.1, explain clearly how a force applied on the brake pedal can slow
down a moving car. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………....

….…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The surface area of piston P in contact with the brake fluid at the master
cylinder is 5.0 x 10 -4 m2 and the area of piston Q of the slave cylinder is
7.5 x 10 -3 m2.

(i) Explain why the area of piston P has to be smaller than piston Q. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………

…….………………………………………………………………………………

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 (ii) Find the force exerted on Piston Q when a force of 120 N is exerted on
the brake pedal. [2]

(iii) If piston P moves down by 6 cm when the brake pedal is depressed,

calculate the distance moved by piston Q. [1]

(c) In order to ensure that the braking system functions properly, air cannot be
trapped in the brake fluid. Explain clearly how trapped air in the braking fluid
can affect the performance of the hydraulic braking system. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) When the road is wet, a sudden hard braking when the car is moving at a high
speed can cause the wheels to stop rotating instantly and the car will skid (slide
uncontrollably).

(i) Explain why a fast moving car skids on the wet road when the brake is
suddenly pressed very hard and the wheels stop rotating. [2]

……………………………………………………………………………………

..………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) To reduce the possibility of a car skidding on a wet surface, the wheels of
the car have specially designed threads as shown in Fig.10.2. Suggest
how these threads are able to reduce the chances of the car skidding on
a wet surface. [1]

Tyre threads
Fig. 10.2

………..…………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………….………………....

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11. (a) 2 kg of pure substance X was heated uniformly from its solid state until it reaches
the gaseous state. The temperature of X was taken in intervals of 5.0 minutes and
are tabulated as shown in Fig.11.1. Assume that the heat supplied was constant
and no heat was lost during the heating process.

Melting point of pure X = 40.0 ºC Time Temperature

Boiling point of pure X = 70.0 ºC / min / ºC
Time when X began melting = 2.5 minutes 0.0 25.0
Time taken for all of solid X to melt = 5.0 minutes 5.0 40.0
Time when X began boiling = 10.0 minutes 10.0 70.0
Specific latent heat of vaporization of X = 30.0 kJ/kg 15.0 70.0
Power = 100 W 20.0 70.0
25.0 85.0

Fig. 11.1
Temperature / ºC

20.0
Time / min
0.0

(i) By analyzing the data obtained and using the given information, plot the heating
curve of pure substance X in the grid lines provided. [3]

(ii) Calculate the specific heat capacity of the solid X. [2]

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(b) Fig. 11.2 below shows the cooling curve graphs of two pure liquids, Y and Z, of the
same mass.
Temperature
T1
Y
Fig. 11.2
Z

Time
0
(i) Which substance (Y or Z) has a lower melting point? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Which substance (Y or Z) has a greater specific heat capacity in the liquid
state? Explain your answer clearly. [2]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Which substance (Y or Z) has a greater specific latent heat of fusion? Explain
your answer clearly. [2]

…………………………..………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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EITHER

12A.(a) Fig. 12.1 shows an object AB near a thin converging lens. The principal foci of
the lens are at F and F’

Fig. 12.1

(i) By means of an accurate drawing, draw rays to find the positions of the
images of the points A and B. [2]

(ii) If object AB is brought closer and closer to the converging lens until a distance
less than one focal length, describe clearly the changes to the image of AB.
[2]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Fig. 12.2 shows a scaled drawing of an object PQ and its image P’Q’ after
passing through a thin converging lens. By locating the position of the converging
lens and drawing rays on the diagram, find the focal length of the converging
lens. [2]

P’

Q’
Q

Fig. 12.2

Focal length = ………………………..

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(c) Light rays passing into an eyeball undergo two refractions; once as they pass through
the cornea and another as they pass through the lens of the eye. Fig.12.3 shows how
light rays pass through the eyeball and the image of an object is formed at the back of
the eye (retina) for an individual with perfect eyesight. For a short-sighted person, the
image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina.

Fig. 12.3

(i) One way to correct short-sightedness is to use a pair of spectacles. Which

type of spectacle lens (converging or diverging) would be suitable to correct
short-sightedness? Explain your answer clearly. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

….…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….…

(ii) Another method to correct short-sightedness is by performing a ‘lasik surgery’

which removes a small portion of tissue in the cornea to make the cornea less
rounded. Suggest how the less-rounded cornea in front of the eye’s lens can
help to correct short-sightedness. [2]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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OR

12B. (a) Fig. 12.4 shows a solenoid with an alternating current (a.c) supply coiled around a
soft iron core. An aluminium ring is placed through the soft iron and rests on the
solenoid. When the a.c supply is turned on, the ring ‘floats’ above the solenoid as
shown in Fig. 12.5.

Soft iron core

Aluminium ring

Fig. 12.4
Fig. 12.5

(i) Explain clearly why the aluminium ring ‘floats’ when the a.c supply is turned on.
[3]
…………………………………………………………………………………………....

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

….…………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) If the a.c supply is now replaced by a d.c supply, what will be observed
after the supply is turned on? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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 (iii) The solenoid has an a.c supply but the aluminium ring is replaced with
a ‘C’-shaped ring instead as shown in Fig. 12.6. When the supply is
turned on, the C-shaped ring does not ‘float’ upwards but continued to
remain at rest on the solenoid instead. Explain the reason why this
happens. [2]

Fig. 12.6

…………………………………………………………………………………………....

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Fig.12.7 shows a simple a.c generator which has a frequency of 60 Hz and
peak voltage 12 V.

Fig. 12.7

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 (i) Sketch the graph of the voltage produced against time for two complete cycles
below. Take the position of the coil to be that in Fig. 12.7 when time = 0 s.
[1]

(ii) If the speed of rotation is reduced by ¼ times the original speed, sketch the
new graph of the voltage produced on the same axis above. Label this new
graph with (ii). [2]

(iii) Explain clearly the differences between the graph for b(i) and b(ii). [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………....

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………………………………………………………………………………

--End of Section B—

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126
 CCHY 2018 Pure Physics Prelim Exam Mark Scheme

Paper 1

1 D 6 C 11 C 16 D 21 D 26 D 31 A 36 A
2 B 7 C 12 B 17 A 22 B 27 D 32 B 37 A
3 C 8 B 13 A 18 C 23 B 28 C 33 B 38 A
4 C 9 D 14 D 19 B 24 C 29 C 34 A 39 C
5 B 10 B 15 C 20 D 25 D 30 B 35 A 40 C

Paper 2
Note: 1 mark will be deducted for not expressing numerical value to 2/3 sig. fig on 1
occasion.. 2 marks to be deducted for more than 1 occasion
occasion occasion..
50%
50 % mark ffor off qn will be deducted for
or each part o for missing or wrong “unit”.
“unit”.

Section
Section A
Qn no.
no. Suggested
Su ggested Solution
Solution Marks
1(a)(i)
1 (a)(i) The car travelled at constant speed at 30 m/s from t = 0 to 5 50
0 s, 1
uniformly to stop from t = 50 s to 70 s,
then decelerates uniformly s,
stationaryy / at rest for
and remain stationar for a further
further 10 s, 1
It reverses / chan
changege direction and accelerates u niiffo
n
nif or m
uniformly mlly
((ii)
ii) byy graphical
Either, b graphical metho
method d 1
Retardation
R etardation (r)
(r) = g
gradient
radient = 30 30// (70
(70-5 0) = 1.5
-50) 1.5 m
mss-2
-2

Or,, using
Or using formula
a = ( v – u)
u) / t = (0
(0 – 30)
30) / 20 = - 1.5
1.5 ms-2
or, r = 1.5 ms-2
((No working
No mark awarded if workin g is not shown
shown))
((b)
b) displacement
Total di splacement
= distance moved during
during the first
first 70
0 s - di
distance
stan
st ance
ce m
movedo ed durin
ov during
g t=80 - 1
110s = ½ ( 50 + 70 70)) x 30 - { ½ x 30 0x2 0}
20}
=11500
500 m 1
((c)
c) s/m

180
1800
1500 _
1500

0
50 70 80 110 t/s

1
¾ o ac
Show
Sh
how constant slope
onstant slo pe for first 50 s up to 1500 m;
¾ reducing g
a reducing radient for the next 20 s to 1800 m,
gradient
1
¾ a horizontal line graph between t = 70 – 80 s at 1800 m
¾ an (increasing and decreasing) curve for showing the last 30 s
1 mark will be deducted for not stating / labeling the axes.

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127
2(a)
Let the spring balance reading (or tension) be T
To balance about (pivot) P, Net moment about P = 0
Total anticlockwise moment = Total clockwise moment
T x 80 = (2 x 40) + ( 8 x 60) 1
T = 7.0 N 1

(b) Either,
Let the reaction force at the pivot be R.
Since net force = 0 ((not moving g / at balance))
Hence, Total upward force = Total downward force
T+R =2+8
7+R = 10
R = 3.0 N 1
Direction of R is (vertically) upward 1

OR , using POM and take moment about the spring

ng position
posit
itiion

(c) g decreases
Magnitude (size) of the spring balance reading de
eccrre
eaas
se
es 1

The total clockwise moment has decreased ass tthe he clockwise

he clo
locck
kwise
se m
moment
omenentt
en
by the 8 N weight about P has decreased with the reduction
red
eductioon in
n the
(perpendicular) distance.
To maintain equilibrium, the anticlockwise mome
moment
m nt by spring ng m
must
ust also 1
decrease proportionately.
As moment = force x perpendicular
perpen
ndi
dicu
c la
ar di
d
distance
stance ((and
and
an d th
the distance is
constant), the spring force mu
must d ecre
ec r ase
decrease e to co
comp
mpenensate the reduction
compensate
in the moment.
mom
o ent.

3(a) Total energy is always conserved

conseserv
rved
ed (remain
(re
rema
main
in unchanged)
unc
n hanged) Energy cannot 1
be created or destroyed; The heyy ca
They can on
only
ly be converted from one form to
other form(s))
(b) kinetic an
and
nd gravitational
gravvititationa
gr nall po
pote
potential
tent
ntia
ial energy 1
(c) Ep = mgh h = 0.
0.5.5 x 10 x 1 133
= 65 J 1
(d) Assumeme nno
o en
ener
energy
ergygy iis
s loss and total energy is conserved,
EP (at
at C)
C) + W fri ct on = total energy at A (PE + KE )
friction
fr cti 1
65 + 10.7
100.7 = ½ (0.5) (v02) + (0.5 x 10 x 7.5)
v0 = 12.4 m/s 1

OR
EK (at A) = Work done against friction + Ep gain
½ (0.5)v02 = 10.7 + (0.5 x 10 x {13 – 7.5} )
v0 = 12.4 m/s

(e) There is negligible loss of energy due to sound/heat energy (on base) 1

4(a) Using the Principle of Reversibility of Light

By measurement
2
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128
 ‘i (in air) = 350 ‘r (in water) = 260 (r 10 ) 1

nwater = sin i / sin r = sin 35 / sin 26 = 1.31 (or between 1.28 to 1.39) 1

(b)(i)
b)(i)

I1

260

350
I2

2nd refracted ray

eA
side

I1 an
andd I2 ar
are
a e the first and second images of the fish
1
Show correct 2nd refracted
refr
re frac
acte
ted
d ray from side A to eye
(ii)
ii) show ccorrect
orre
or rect
ct p
positions
osititio
os ions
ns of the 2 images, I1 and I2 2
5(a) air mo
molecules
ole
lecu
cule
les
s mo
movi
moving ing randomly and bombarding / colliding with the 1
(tyre) wal
walls
alls
ls a
and
nd rebounding off.
exert a forc
force
rce
e on the unit area of wall’s surface. 1
This produces a pressure (as pressure is force per unit area)

(b) Increase , increases, no effect , increases 1

All 4 are correct
6(a) perspex ball has been charged with induced positive charges on its 1
surface atoms near to the Van de Graaff generator 1
As like charges repel, the (+) charged ball will be repelled off by the
(+) charged metal dome.

3
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129
(b) 5 g has a weight (W) of 5 x 0.01 = 0.05 N

Scale : 1 cm to 0.01 N (or less) 1

FE = 0.15 N

W = 0.05 N

FE and W are correctly shown (both magnitude

magnitud
ud
de an
a
and
nd di
d
direction)
rectio
on) 1

Correct triangle shown (or parallelogram

parallelog
og
gra
ram ssh
showing
hoow
wiin
ng th
thee 1
resultant of F and W)

Correct T and T values ( T = 0.16 N , T = 720 ) 1

(Deduct 1 mark each for for not

no
ot expressing
e pressing
ex ng T toto 2 or 3 sf / not
labeling the forces on thethe scale
sca
cale
l drawing/
dra
rawi
wing
ng// not
not indicating
in the
diire
r ction of the force(s)
direction fforce(s
s)

7(a)(i) S open, voltmeter reading is 0 as there

the
here
re is
is no current. 1
Combined resistance = 4 + 6 = 10 1 :
I=V/R =1 122 / 10 = 1.2 A
Ammeter
Ammete
Am er re adss 1.2
read
reads 1.2 A 1
(ii) S closed, combined
combin
co ned resistance
res
esis
ista
tanc
n e = 4 + {(6 x 12) / (6 + 12)} = 8 :
I = V / R = 12 / 8 = 1.5 A
Ammeter
Amme
Am meteter now reads 1.5 A 1

p.d across
acro
oss 4 : = IR = 1.5 x 4 = 6.0 V
hence, p.d
d across parallel network = 12 – 6 = 6 V
Current through 9 : = V / R = 6 / 12 = ½ A
P.d
P d across 9 : = IR = ½ x 9 = 44.5
5V
Voltmeter now reads 4.5 V 1
(b)(i) A device that converts other form of energy(s) to electrical energy. 1

(ii) Using potential divider,

As p.d D R at constant I
hence RLDR / 10 k: = 2 V / 10 V
RLDR = 2.0 k:
: 1

4
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130
 Alternatively
let x = RLDR
x / (x +10) = 2 / 12
6x = x + 10
5x = 10
x = 2.0 k: :

8(a)(i) To overcome inertia of the coil so that it can start to turn / enable the 1
conducting (enameled) part of the wire to be in contact with paper clip
p
to allow current to pass into the coil.
(ii) When electric current flows into the coil via the paper clip say from
right to left, (assume the coil is vertical, as shown in the diagram)
diagram
m)

Explanation of the force set up

it sets up a magnetic field at the bottom coil wh
whic
which
ichh 1
interact with the magnetic field of the perm
permanent
rman
anenentt magn
magnets
gnet
etss
below (with a north pole up)

The net resultant field produces a fo

forc
force
orrc
ce p
ce pu
pushing
ush
shin
ing
g thee 1
bottom coil (using Fleming’s LHR)
LHR
HRR) nne
near
e
ear
ar tthe
ar he
h eb
bottom
o to
ot tom
m ta
tape
pe
which turns the coil.
This causes the conducting enameled d copperr wire
wirre to
o
rotate.

(Alternatively, when the coil is slightly

sligh
htl
tlyy displaced
displaceed to one
side, the curren
current
nt p
produces
rod
oducces a mag magnetic
agne
netiticc pole in the coil
which will cause
se the e coil
o l to turn
coi u n as itit iss repel by the
tur
magnet pole. Iff it iss attracted,
attraccte
at d the
ted, the coil
coi
o l will not turn and
you have to displace
disp
splace e coil
coi
oill on the
the other side)

N Expl
Ex plan
anatio
on for
Explanation for continuous
cont
con inuous rotation 1

No ccurrent
urre
ur rent
nt flows
flo
ows
w into the coil when the insulated part of
enameled
enam
en amel
eled
ed wire
wire is in contact with the paper clip, and
hence
henc
he e no
nce n more magnetic force.

But, inertia will continue to rotate the coil until the

But,
B
conducting enameled copper wire connects up the circuit
again.
This again set up a force pushing the coil in again
again,
repeating the cycle and causing the coil to continue to
turn.

(b) The rotation speed will increase. 1

Mention ‘ increased rotation’ – zero mark
(c) To secure the 2 magnets strongly in the same position on top of the 1
base of holder by attracting them /prevent magnet attracting the coil
above it.

5
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131
9(a) Coils M.: Primary coils and coil K : secondary coil
Comparing the voltages of primary coil to secondary coil:
Step down ratio = 3 300 : 220
= 15 : 1 1
Hence the coils must be step down to the same ratio of 15 : 1
Comparing the turn ratio
i.e Coil M : Coil K = 1 500 : 100 = 15 : 1 1
(If working is not clearly shown, award maximum 1 mark)
(b) Input power = 100 / 75 x 15 kW = 20 kW 1
Usingg I = P / V = 20 000 / 3 300
= 6.1 A 1
(c) Any one of the following….. 1
Laminating the iron core will reduce the power loss due to heat
at
produced by induced current (known as eddy current) in the core
cor
oree itself.
itse
sellf.

Using low resistance (primary and secondary) coils willll mi

minimize
mini
nimi
mize the
he
amount of heat produced in the coils.

To increase the magnetic flux linkage between n the

th
he e primary
prriim
ma arry
yaand
nd
secondary coils by using a soft magnetic mat
material
atte all (iron
erria
ia ron core)
((iiro cco e) to llink
orre inkk
in
them up…
Section B
10(a) A force exerted on the brake pedal acts on the surface
su
urface area off Piston
Pis
Pi ston P in 1
contact with the oil in the master cylinder to create
creat
a e a pressure
pressurre
This pressure in the oil is transmitted to all parts of tthe
he oil

Since oil is incompressible, this creates

crea
e te
tes a force
forc
ce pressing
pres
pr essi
s ng on the disc
1
pads of the wheels. Friction between
bet
etwe
ween
en theed
disc
isc
isc pads
pads and the wheels slows
the car down.

(b)(i) Since the pressure acting in n tthe

he lliquid
iq
qui
uidd is the
the same
same throughout, 1
A small area at Piston P would
wou
ouldld require
requiire a smaller force exerted to
produce a larg
larger
ger fforce
orce a
or att P
Piston
isto
istonn Q.

(ii) Force exerte

exerted
ted
d on piston
pis
isto
ton
n Q = (FP x AQ)/AP 1
= (120 x 7.5 x 10-3)/ 5.0 x 10-4
= 1800 N 1
(Pressure
(Presssur
uree on pis
piston
sto
on P = 120 / 5.0 x 10-4 = 240 000 Pa if got the above wrong)
[1]
(iii) Assuming n no
o energy loss, 1
FP x dP = FQ x dQ
dQ = (120 x 6)/ 1800
= 0.4 cm
(c) Since air is compressible 1
Pressure exerted at the master cylinder will not be fully transmitted to
the disc brakes Resulting in a greater force required at brake pedal to
obtain the same force on the disc brake for the ideal system
Force on Piston Q is smaller
(d)(i) The fast moving car has high inertia
On a wet road, there is less friction between the wheels and the road 1

6
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132
 When wheels suddenly stops turning, the forward force is greater than the 1
resistive force

(ii) The threads allows water to pass through the surface of the tyre 1
This increases the friction between the car and the road surface to
prevent skidding.
11(a)(i)

2 correct
- 1 mark

each correct part/shape of the graph with correctly labeled values

es ffor
or axe
axes
es 4 correct
(total 5 parts) - 2 marks
0 to 2.5 min
2.5 min to 7.5 min All 5
7.5 min to 10 min
correct -
10 min to 20 min
20 min to 25 min
3 marks
(ii) Heat energy supplied = power x time 1
= 1000 x 2.
2.55 x 60
5 kJ
= 15 kJ
Temperature
Temperatur re change
chan
ch g = 40
ange 40 – 25
= 15 ºC
ºC
1
Heat capacity
cap
apaccitity of solid
sol
olid
id Z = H eatt energy supplied /
ea
Heat
(mass x temper e at
atur
temperature ure
e ch
chan
ange)
change)
= 15 000 / (2 x 15)
= 500 J/kgºC

(b)(i) Substance
Substanc
ce Z 1

(ii) Substance Y
When subjected to the same cooling condition,
condition the fall in temperature for 1
substance Y is slower than substance Z
This indicates that a higher amount of energy needs to be lost by 1
substance Y compared to Z for the same amount of fall in temperature.
(iii) Substance Z 1
For the same mass, same period of time,
Substance Z takes a longer time to change state
Indicating that higher amount of latent heat needs to be lost by Z 1
compared to Y to change from liquid to solid state

7
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133
Either
12A(a)(i)

Correct pair of rays from A, one refracted through the lens and d passing
pas
assi
sing
ng F,
F, 1
the other straight through optical centre
Correct pair of rays from B, one refracted through the lensns and
and passing
passing
g F,
F,
the other straight through optical centre
Correct smaller straight image drawn 1
Arrowheads drawn for every light ray and imag
image
ge la
llabelled
abe
bell
lled
ed wwith
wi
ith
th A’
A’ and
a d B’
an B
(no arrowheads or incomplete arrow heads – minus
miinu
us 1 ma
m
mark)
arrk
k)
(image is not straight – minus 1 mark)

(ii) As the object is brought nearer to the lens towardss one focal leng
length
ngth
h distance, 1
image becomes magnified but remain inverted and re rreal
al
When the object is less that one focal length distanc
distance
ce fr
from the lens, the 1
image becomes magnified, Upri
Upright
right and
a d virtual..
an

(b)

P’

(a)
Q
Q’ (b)
Q

Correct line
e passing through top of object and image to locate position of 1
lens, (a) Correct line from object to lens, combined with line (b)
1
Focal length between 5.9 to 6.2 cm

(c)(i) Diverging lens. 1

Diverging lens will spread the incoming rays before it reaches the lens 1
The more diverged rays entering the lens will be focused at a further
distance in the eye onto the retina

(ii) When rays enter the less rounded cornea, it undergoes lesser 1
refraction/less converging
This causes the lesser refracted rays to be focused at a further distance in
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134
 the eye after passing through the lens. 1

12B(a)(i) When the supply is turned on, a changing magnetic field is produced 1
around the solenoid
The changing magnetic flux/magnetic field lines cutting the aluminium ring
induces an emf on the ring 1
By Lenz’s law, the induced emf on the ring is such that the magnetic field
induced around the aluminum ring opposes the magnetic field of the
solenoid that produced it
Like poles will exist between the aluminium ring and the solenoid 1
And repel the ring upwards since like poles repel

(ii) The ring will move upwards momentarily and subsequently falls back ba
ack 1
down and rest on top of the solenoid.
(iii) The C-shaped ring does not allow current to pass around the alum aluminium
uminiu
ium
m 1
continuously.
This does not allow any induced current, magnetic force/
force/field
e/fi
fiel
eld
d to
o be 1
produced around the c-shaped ring. Hence the ring will remain
rem
emai
ain
n at rest
rest on the
the
top part of the solenoid.

(b)(i) Emf / V
12
9

0.01 0.04

0.02
0
0. 02 0.03 Time /

-9
-

1
Correct sine
n ccurve
urve sta
starting
tart
rtin
ing
g fr
from
om max
Correct max. emf f, min
emf, min em
emff and
and period

(ii) Correctt si
sine
ne cur
curve
urve
ve (dotted) starting from max 1
Correct ma
max.
x eemf
mf = 9 V
min emf = -9 V 1
period = 0.022 s

(iii) A rotation 1/4 times slower would result in

a) Output e.m.f = 9.0 V which is 1/4 times lesser than initial 1
b) Period becomes 0.022 s since frequency becomes 45 Hz
c) A slower rotation causes lesser e.m.f to be induced in the generator
and it the period for each oscillation is longer.

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