Architecture Is Participation
Architecture Is Participation
ARCHITECTURE
DIE BAUPILOTEN—METHODS AND PROJECTS
IS PART 1
P. 8
PARTICIPATION AND ARCHITECTURE
PARTICIPATION
P. 11 PARTICIPATION IN THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS—
A REVIEW
P. 17 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AS A SHARED COGNITIVE PROCESS—
USERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ARCHITECTS’ KNOWLEDGE
P. 20 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ARCHITECTS AND USERS
P. 22 PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND ATMOSPHERE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
P. 26 ATMOSPHERE AS A PARTICIPATORY DESIGN STRATEGY—
DIE BAUPILOTEN—METHODS AND PROJECTS
P. 40 ARCHITECTURE IS PARTICIPATION—
CONCLUSION
DIE BAUPILOTEN
METHODS
PART 2 METHODS
AND PROJECTS P. 44 METHODS AND INSTRUCTIONS
P. 46 A ATMOSPHERES
P. 58 U USERS’ EVERYDAY LIFE
P. 70 W WUNSCHFORSCHUNG
P. 90 F FEEDBACK
P. 108 P PRODUCTION OF GAME SETS
PART 3 PROJECTS
The spectacular demonstrations held against the renovation project for the Stuttgart Central
Station “Stuttgart 21” weren’t the first time in Germany it became clear that people not only
want to have a say in the design of their built environment, but that they want to participate in it
as well. Our democracy is experiencing change. Established political decision-making structures
are being questioned, new participation processes in the design of public buildings are being
tested, and a new design planning culture is being demanded. What does this mean for city
planning, urban development, and architecture?
How should planners and architects respond to these challenges? What do they mean for the
architect’s understanding of their professional role? Architects can no longer ignore these
questions without being accused of arrogance. Whether or not they open up to a participatory
process has become an existential question, because users’ knowledge about the use and
experience of spaces offers fundamental insight for architects throughout the design process.
But what does participation mean precisely? Does it waste or save time? Does it cost or save money?
How does participation work? Where and when is the user involved? How do the desires of users
become built spaces? What effect does participation have? Does it create user identification with the
architecture? Does it create social cohesion? Who is afraid of participation?
ARCHITECTURE IS PARTICIPATION gives possible answers to these questions. The book is divided
into three parts: the introduction gives an overview of historical and current participative
design strategies. Next, the design methods of Die Baupiloten architectural office are explained
in the form of method modules presented as a kind of game manual. These modules cover a
wide range of participation possibilities, which above all consist of communication about and
through atmospheres. Finally, the international projects designed and built by Die Baupiloten
office using these methods are presented. They show how sophisticated architecture, which is
highly regarded by its users, can emerge through participation.
5
4
PARTICIPATION AND ARCHITECTURE people who are in touch with their world, and thus able to mediate between them and the architect.
User participation should be understood as part of the foundation of a design proposal, not as
THE POTENTIAL OF A PARTICIPATORY DESIGN PROCESS an irritation or “dilution” of the “pure” idea. It provides a robust foundation leading to a design
that is highly relevant in terms of use, and to an increased sense of belonging. Significant conflicts
Democratic societies, which consist more and more of emancipated people, strongly demand that otherwise wouldn’t arise until construction or after completion of the building can be
participation in the design of their built environment. Participation is becoming increasingly identified during the design stage. A key element is the established trust between user, client, and
relevant for the architectural design process, while at the same time, the role of the architect as architect—whose relationships with each other should be evenly balanced, as in an equilateral
an expert is being called into question. Architects frequently have to contend with allegations triangle. A basic requirement here is the willingness of the client, the responsible body, or simply
that their work is too detached from client and user expectations, and only follows their own the investor to engage in participatory methods and consider user participation worthwhile. At
principles. Whether architects isolate and thus expose themselves to accusations of arrogance the same time, users also need to believe in their own self-efficacy. Only when these conditions
and self-indulgence, or whether they open up to users in a participatory design process has are met can the collaboration between the architect, user, and client be productive.
become an existential question. For if it is assumed that the quality of architecture is evaluated
based on its sustainable usability and the degree of the user’s identification with the building, The precise exploration of users’ needs and ideas regarding the use of buildings, as well as
then high priority must be given to users’ participation in the design of their environment. effectual communication between laypeople and architects are important foundations for the
Laypeople’s understanding of the use and experience of space presents the architect with a design quality and sustainable use of buildings, which is expressed by the satisfaction of their
foundation of knowledge for the architectural design process. Therefore, the process should be users. The increased identification with the building contributes to a sense of well-being, which
built upon a viable communication between architect and users. in the example of schools and kindergartens, results in an added pedagogical value. Identifying
with the building can also improve social relations—for example, in housing. Through the
In the general practice of an architectural firm, working with users should be considered an increased user satisfaction with a building that responds to their demands, it can potentially
essential part of the design investigations, and thus an extension of the architect’s sphere of lead to a more careful use of the space and thereby reduce repair and renovation costs. Hence,
activity. Because this is not stipulated in the German Fee Structure for Architects and Engineers participation also has an economically relevant added value. While participation may be
(HOAI), it is not accordingly remunerated, and must therefore be negotiated separately with a challenge for society in general, in the manageable group of people involved in a building
the client. The German Federal Building Code only requires that people be informed about the project, agreement that minimizes the potential for conflict and the associated costs and time
project (Building Code § 3.1), but does not stipulate or plan for their participation. As a result, can be reached.
participation as a potential for better and more appropriate architecture is seldom used, or is
performed in a casual and poorly planned manner, which only confirms prejudices regarding The extent to which users are involved in the design and building process, how and which
its ineffectiveness. Token participation, participation as an end in itself, participation not being processes they participate in, and who is actually defined as a user determines the intensity and
economically viable—these are just some of the concerns surrounding participation processes. quality of the participation process. Several groups may use a public building in different ways,
Not only do increasing protests against construction projects call for early user involvement, but but they should all have a say when it comes to the future of their built environment. People’s
well-planned participation can also contribute significantly to a high-quality built environment often implicit knowledge about spatial qualities and their demands on the use and the experience
and an increased sense of belonging. As a result, the issue of participation plays a central role in of space is a social potential that must be taken into account in architecture. Participation is also
wide-ranging discussions among experts about the use of “Stage Zero,” which serves as a pre- a challenge for architects and their designs, because potential conflicts between stakeholders
HOAI work stage. For the building of schools, the Montag Stiftungen (Montag Foundations) and their differing needs entail risk and uncertainty. Therefore, consensus—and the question
define Stage Zero as the “preparation and development stage … for the educational, spatial, of whether it is achievable or desirable—is a key issue in participation theories. The role the
economic and urban requirements in each school building project ... [it] includes a thorough architect plays in a participatory design process is at issue, like that of the future user, because
assessment of all relevant data, the development of robust usage scenarios and organizational participation is still perceived by many architects and clients to be disruptive as well as too time-
models for the pending construction project.”[1] Yet, Stage Zero is usually considered in consuming and costly.
isolation from the rest of the design process, with other architectural firms or project developers
assigned this task, rather than the architect responsible for the project. For instance, the Montag Consequently, participation is not least a challenge to the self-image of architects, because a
Stiftungen recommend external, separately commissioned school design consultants. participatory design and building process may demand new production methods and new
building aesthetics. In return, we can expect an architecture corresponding more to usage
Our particular approach to participation provides close collaboration between user, client, requirements than conventional approaches based frequently on assumptions of usage. Even
and architect through several stages of the design process. For the architect, openness to the if the intention of the latter may seem considerate, the problem with this approach—apart
users’ wishes is a prerequisite for targeted communication and observation of their everyday from the danger of not considering the actual users’ interests—is that to the users it is always
life. Strategic processes have to be designed to overcome communication barriers, and put into somewhat overbearing and confining, sometimes even aggressive. Essential here is a transparent
place user-specific, low-threshold levels of interaction that could potentially be developed by a and well-mediated design approach that makes the importance of the “people” (in the sense of
“translator.” This can be a specially trained staff, or—when working with adolescents—young the Austrian sociologist Helga Nowotny) visible in the design process.[2]
9
8
A. To discuss this in more detail, a glimpse into the history of participation and its potential
is presented below, and the question of specific user and architectural knowledge and what
successful communication in a participatory process looks like is examined more closely. In
addition, the potential of a successful participatory process is presented in reference to Die
Baupiloten’s method and realized projects, which works by employing communication about
and through atmospheres.
B.
DESIGN TRANSPARENCY
In the current German debate, the participation of architectural laypeople in shaping their built
environment is still limited to citizen participation in urban regeneration and development The “Design Methods Movement” represents an important attempt to integrate participation
processes, such as public hearings.[3] Participation in the architectural design of their in a systematic planning process. Founded in the US during the early nineteen-sixties in
immediate environment often remains ignored. Architects barely participate in these debates, Berkeley, California—by the British and US-American architects Christopher Alexander,
frequently retreating with their design expertise and limiting themselves to the moderation or Bruce Archer, John Chris Jones, and German design theorist Horst Rittel, among others—
organization of architectural processes and related decisions. Hence, design is often considered a the Design Methods Movement embraced the desire to integrate users’ needs in the design,
field of subordinate aesthetic choices. But how can we design and build architecture that fulfills and to make them transparent in a participatory process. Generally, the British—but also the
the Vitruvian principles of durability, utility, and beauty? A utility that is not only measured in German debate in the late nineteen-sixties and the early nineteen-seventies—was driven by
terms of functionality, but also in terms of enhancing atmospheric qualities that support the use the question of how a design methodology could be made accessible to laypeople through a
and give users the opportunity to identify with the architecture? process of systematization. The aim of a design striving for objectivity and high rationality
of thought presented an opportunity to defy subjective, emotional, and intuitive factors in
All of these issues raise specific questions for the design process: order to make the design process comprehensible to outsiders—in other words, the users. The
1. How can the insights gained from user participation be integrated profitably in the representatives of the Design Methods Movement agreed that the opacity of the design process
architectural design process? prevented participation. It was thought that using computers could give a larger group of
participants direct influence on the design of their environment, or even enable them to design
2. What form should the communication take between users, clients, and architects, so that this entire buildings. Till criticizes the approach of the Design Methods Movement, because he sees a
process is a productive one and architecture laypeople feel they can participate on equal terms? fundamental contradiction between the seemingly authoritarian aesthetics and high economic
3. And how can the design be realized so that the users’ wishes are really fulfilled—without and technical expense on the one hand, and the social reality on the other.[7] A transparent
substantial curtailments and despite other parameters, such as low construction budgets, design process alone was not enough to enable laypeople or users to participate, since the
building regulations, and mandatory standards? drawings and technical information produced in a streamlined planning process are ultimately
11
10
Tender Documentation
particularly important that the answers have an element of spontaneity and intuition, so
Developed Design
Construction Start
Technical Design
that subconscious ideas may be brought to light. In addition, any initial communication
Concept Design
issues may be resolved; any participants behaving dismissively, initially can be encouraged
LPH 6/7
FICTION
LPH 3
LPH 2
LPH 5
LPH 8
to enter into the conversation. The use of atmosphere workshops allows for the discussion
of spatial qualities without involving specific design decisions. It’s about the impression of
COMPLETION
WORK STAGE
PROCESS
locations, how they are perceived or the memory of them, with the aim of gathering users’
U3 A3
F7 W1 F4 first impressions, facilitating communication between them and the architect, and above all,
PARTICIPATION
10 11 12 01 02 06 02 03 04 07 08 09 creating a foundation of trust.
2009 2010 2011 2012
31
30
ARCHITECTURE IS PARTICIPATION — CONCLUSION Users are experts in this sense. Even if they haven’t studied architecture and aren’t immediately
aware of it, they understand which kind of environments they need in life in its various facets;
during work, school, kindergarten, and in other circumstances. They are well-equipped to
formulate ideas about a desirable world, determine its atmosphere, and exchange ideas, in
The perception of spatial atmospheres and their analysis and communication, are closely particular with an architect. The architect can use this to their advantage, by developing a system
interrelated. At times, we only become aware of them when we try to identify and communicate of communication built on the comparison of different atmospheres.
them, in other words, when we talk or write about them, or convey them through other media.
Architects can take advantage of this by consciously employing atmospheres in the design The age of users, their social status and cultural background only play a role in how the method
process, by defining the existing atmospheres in the places and spaces which they design for, modules are set and differentiated. The methods must be adapted to the specific situation; any
and by being aware of what atmospheric changes they plan to implement in their projects. attempt to develop a panacea will fail. Important elements of this communication are, on the one
Atmospheres can be formulated, designed, and created. We were able to try out and redevelop hand, the abstraction of imagined atmospheric worlds, and, on the other hand, specific desires
different methods in numerous participatory design processes, which function at various levels related to atmospheres. A narrative is compiled, leading to the development of an architectural
of communication—from pure text and images, to atmospherically tangible environments. The concept: form follows fiction. From this, the architects are able to arrive at complex and detailed
experience of spatial atmospheres does not happen only in physical spaces, or architecture; it resolutions from which programmatic requirements can be integrated into the project. The
can also be created in our imagination with the aid of words, pictures, music, models, and fiction developed with the users—with the narratives based on their desires condensed within—
spatial installations. This is essential to the work of architects, who can use the ability to design as well as the resulting concept, form the backbone of the design which, in consequence, is able
and build atmospheric spaces. But they are not the only ones who possess, or are able to develop, to adapt to new requirements without disappointing the users. Feedback and evaluations of
this type of imaginativeness. In this respect, they are thinking ahead; they are “pre-sensors” for various projects have confirmed the success of this method: the users’ degree of identification
the use of spaces in place of the user, who not only has to take possession of the product, but also with the finished building is high.
empathize and identify with it. In the words of Walter Benjamin, “buildings are appropriated in
In the context of my professional practice and recently concluded study reform project Die
a twofold manner: by use and perception—or rather by touch and sight.”[69]
Baupiloten, I have developed a participatory design process that gives the user and the client
the opportunity to develop and communicate their own ideas about the future architecture
and, in particular, about its atmospheres. Imaginary worlds are invented in a deliberately
playful manner; they transcend everyday life and the actual situation, and they are recorded
in various collages, models, narratives, or three-dimensional installations. It is a sensitive
dialogue between the users and the architect; the latter’s response based on their expertise
and competence in spatial design on an atmospheric level. A prerequisite for a constructive
dialogue of this kind is a foundation of trust between the two, where each respects the others
particular knowledge, expertise, and respective roles. Atmosphere as a participatory design
strategy is not a nightmare, it has incredible potential for the productive and meaningful
participation of everyone involved.
41
40
METHODS
AND
INSTRUCTIONS
The method modules presented here—each of which is coupled be established beforehand if the participants are interested in craft/creative
A1 – A5 ATMOSPHERES
U1 – U5 USERS’ EVERYDAY LIFE
W1 – W9 WUNSCHFORSCHUNG
F1 – F8 FEEDBACK
individual work results are the many comments and stories that are provided or
Images with strong spatial effects thematically appropriate to the workshops and
A5 F6 W7–
W9 F7
can be adapted and further developed as you wish for your own
45
44
MOVE IN U1
and live according to the everyday rituals of the user: use all areas and test desired activities such as
1
A5
Baupiloten students lived for a weekend in different student residences around Berlin and recorded their
NEGOTIATE DREAM SPACE W9
25
The resulting dream space maps represent the spatial relationship between activities (at certain times of
as a willingness for neighborly interaction—such as through the connection of two units by a common area
TEST SCENARIOS F3
97
PROJECTS
EC: EDUCATIONAL CENTRE / ES: ELEMENTARY SCHOOL / HS: HIGH SCHOOL / KG: KINDERGARTEN / S·#: STUDENT HOUSING /
##: PAGE NUMBER / CO: COOPERATION / CH: CHAIR OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (VISITING PROFESSOR
174
LICHTENBERGWEG KG
55
156 230 97
EVANGELICAL SCHOOL HS KOTTI 3000 SOCIAL CLUB GALLERY NEIGHBORHOOD DONAUKIEZ AGING IN NEIGHBORHOOD BORNBROOK HS TEAM PLAYERS’ HIGH-RISE S12
ERIKA MANN ES I PETTENKOFER ES SHEET LIGHTNING CAFETERIA ECO-POP SIEGMUNDS HOF S# NEW SCHOOL FAMILY SERVICE HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ HS NEW LYNN SCHOOL ES ADOLF REICHWEIN ES, KG RISING EDUCATION LIVING IN RURAL AREAS
JFK INSTITUTE AEDES EXTRA FANTASIES TAKA TUKA LAND KG CARL BOLLE ES CARLO SCHMID HS CHILDREN’S DISCOVERY CENTER KARLSRUHE CIVIC CENTER MITMOABITWOHNEN LIFE AT A SMALL FOREST S10 PAVILION GARDEN LIFE S4/7
NIGHT SENSATIONS SCHADOW HS STAGE TREES ERIKA MANN ES II HEINRICH-SCHÜTZ-STRASSE EC BUILD THE SCHOOL NIKOLAUS AUGUST OTTO HS CULTURAL CENTER AT AEG PAVILION GARDEN LIFE S5/6 MUSIC AND FITNESS S11
VACATION HOUSE MUDGE ISLAND TRAUMBAUM KG H100 LECTURE HALL GALILEI ES PAPENTEICH HS NIDO PICCOLO KG LEARN-MOVE-PLAY-GROUND UMEÅ, COMMUNITAS HEINRICH NORDHOFF HS HELLWINKEL SCHOOL ES
until 2004 2005 2006-08 2008 2008-09 2010-12 2012 2013 2014 from 2015
117
116
DEVELOPING PROJECTS | LIVING AND RESIDING AS SENIORS IN RURAL AREAS
Concept Design
The development of ten hectares of woodland close to the school, kindergarten, and sports facilities of the
municipality Dötlingen will take local demographic changes into consideration: for neighborly coexistence
FICTION
LPH 2
with seniors, housing groups with different multigenerational residential typologies are being developed.
The individual housing types will cover different housing needs—for example, “Family Combo,” “Mini Family,”
COMPLETION
WORK STAGE
PROCESS
“Senior Shared Apartment,” “Sole Compact,” and a “Couple Compact.” There will also be a neighborhood W9
building with a nursing facility, a community kitchen, and cultural offers for the entire community, as well as W6 F7
W2 F3
common rooms, which are assigned to particular groups of houses (small workshop/studio, guest room, etc.). PARTICIPATION
06 07 08 09 10 11
2014
135
134
CONVERSION/RENOVATION | STUDENT RESIDENCE SIEGMUNDS HOF| S13
HERB GARDEN
Garden together
COMMUNAL KITCHEN
Cook and eat together
SPORTS COURT
Play sports
http://www.dezeen.com/2012/06/19/inbolla-by-odoardo-fioravanti/
BOULDER SEATS
Meet each other and hang out
MIDNIGHT LIGHT
BOULDERING WALL Enjoy the evening
Climb together
The town square in front of the “House for Urban Garden Lovers“ serves as a focal point for the complex, and
opens up the residence to the rest of the city. “Scholle” seats invite visitors to linger and offer the potential to
hold events in the central location. The outdoor living room and the sports court are located at the quiet rear
of the building. Large, elongated “boulder” seating and wooden terraces are used by both sun worshippers
and sports lovers. Oversized “living room” lamps give the exterior space the perfect ambience for a summer
rear to the newly designed outdoor spaces, the town square, and the backyard. Here, students can plant and
grow vegetables, and provide for themselves.
157
156
NEW BUILD |LICHTENBERGWEG KINDERGARTEN
LICHTENBERGWEG KINDERGARTEN
LEIPZIG Councilor for Urban Development and Construction a.D., Prof. Dipl. Ing. Martin zur Nedden, City of Leipzig:
with the kindergarten, the participants gained important educational value beyond the improvements in
the quality of their environment.”
Tender Documentation
Developed Design
Construction Start
Technical Design
Concept Design
The new kindergarten for 100 children was designed so that the existing, dense population of mature trees
LPH 6/7
remained largely intact, and varied playing areas with different sheltered places and courtyard situations
FICTION
LPH 3
LPH 2
LPH 5
LPH 8
were created. There is a synergy between architecture and education in the building in accordance with the
Saxon education plan. Both in the interior and exterior spaces, different spatial experiences and learning
COMPLETION
WORK STAGE
PROCESS
environments were created with lots of opportunities for communication, visual references, and views through
the building. The kindergarten is divided into three playhouses and is one to two stories. Pure circulation U3 A3
F7 W1 F4
areas have been largely avoided in favor of an extended educational and social zone. PARTICIPATION
10 11 12 01 02 06 02 03 04 07 08 09
2009 2010 2011 2012
175
174
CONVERSION | HEINRICH NORDHOFF HIGH SCHOOL
Tender Documentation
Construction Start
Developed Design
Technical Design
Concept Design
The conversion and expansion of the cafeteria, as well as the two-story atrium that serves as the central
LPH 6/7
FICTION
LPH 2
LPH 3
LPH 5
LPH 8
atrium was zoned into desired areas: the “marketplace” with its raised platform is a gathering place, and
class results are presented on the leaf-like partitions in the group work area. Pupils can work together at a
COMPLETION
WORK STAGE
PROCESS
large table, while in the “Quiet Study Zone,” they can work alone on large cushions or relax. The “Homework F7
Zone” is on the bridge. Part of the furniture, a meandering wooden ribbon, marks the classroom area. In the W6
W2 F3
cafeteria, trapezoidal tables with 200 seats are freely arranged around orange amphitheater-like seating. PARTICIPATION
05 06 07 08 09 10 03 04 01 04 05 06
2011 2012 2013 2014
199
198
CONVERSION | HEINRICH NORDHOFF HIGH SCHOOL
The requirements for different activities and spatial qualities were developed with a project family of pupils,
teachers, parents, and City of Wolfsburg representatives.W6 The collage W2 “The Calm Giant’s Meadow”
by the pupil Rebecca Schrader represented the shared notion of the group very well: “On this meadow, one
should feel comfortable and able to exchange ideas and communicate. One should be able to relax there
(between classes). Furthermore, it should be a lounging meadow…There Is a feeling of security given by the
tall grass.” The desired spatial zones were determined in the negotiating game F7, and during the feedback
A
rounds, the design ideas could be given a definite form with collages and models. The work on the cafeteria 1ST FLOOR PLAN, ATRIUM AND CLASSROOMS 1:320
and classrooms was done in the same way.
4 Airspace
8
4 5 5 6
7
2 Airspace
5 5 3 9 6
10
5 5 6
1
GROUND FLOOR ATRIUM- GAME BOARD GROUND FLOOR ATRIUM - SKETCH FIRST FLOOR ATRIUM - SKETCH
SCHADOW HIGH SCHOOL, BERLIN, 2005 CO 7.400 CA$ (recyclable materials), material donations
PT School design consultancy Benno Fiehring, Florence Harbach, Gaspard van Parys, ST LPH 1–9 self build
P High school Jorge Valiente Oriol, Leif Lobinski, Neli Pavlova, Quentin Nicolai, PT New build
C Comprehensive School Gross Schwülper María García, Clara Rodriguez, Sophie Mundzik, Robert Tech P Canopy T John Comparelli, Susanne Hofmann
ST Participation PP Neighborhood Management at Mehringplatz C Schadow High School
TE Susanne Hofmann CON Ingenieurbüro Moll (Acoustics) CO 82.000 EUR gross
S Mario Bär, Lena Fischer, Claus Friedrichs, Ole Hallier, FUN EU, Germany, and the State of Berlin as part of the program for ST LPH 1–2, participation
Christian Necker, Quentin Nicolaï, Mari Pape, Gaspard “Living Environment Improvement Measures” TE Susanne Hofmann, Martin Janekovic*
S Sören Hanft, Martin Mohelnicky, Elena Pavlidou-Reisig
Elena Stoycheva, Agnes Thöni, Jorge Valiente Oriol
245
244
THE ARCHITECTURE OFFICE DIE BAUPILOTEN BDA
O: OFFICE / TR: TEACHING AND RESEARCH / A: AWARDS AND HONORS / TE: TEACHING NILS RUF, Dipl.-Ing., Carpenter, *1972
UNTIL 2013 SUSANNE HOFMANN ARCHITEKTEN, SINCE 2011 MEMBER OF THE GERMAN ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATION (BDA)
2010 Diploma Technical University of Berlin
1998 Carpenter/Skilled worker wood construction apprenticeship
O 2010– Architectural Assistant: Die Baupiloten BDA
1995–99 Training and work as carpenter in Aachen and Berlin
TE 2011–12 Lectureship: Die Baupiloten and Prof. Dr. Herrle, TU Berlin
MARLEN KÄRCHER née Weiser, Dipl. Architect, *1976 KIRSTIE SMEATON, Dipl. Architect, *1980
2002 Diploma in Architecture Bartlett School of Architecture, London 2008 Diploma in Professional Studies University College Dublin
O 2013– Associate Director: Die Baupiloten BDA 2006 Diploma in Architecture Bartlett School of Architecture, London
2007– Project Architect: Die Baupiloten BDA O 2011– Project Architect: Die Baupiloten BDA
2002–06 Project Architect: Eger Architects, London; 2006–11 Project Architect: O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects, Dublin
Architectural Assistant: Barkow Leibinger Architekten, Berlin; 2002–05 Architectural Assistant: Satellite Architects, London
Freelance: Interior Concept All-day School Annaberg Buchholz TE 2011–14 Assistant Professor: Study Reform Project “Die Baupiloten,” TU Berlin
TE 2007–13 Assistant Professor: Study Reform Project “Die Baupiloten,” TU Berlin
A 1999–02 Scholarship from the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes
247
246
THE STUDY REFORM PROJECT DIE BAUPILOTEN 2003–2014
Die Baupiloten was founded in 2003 as a study reform project, in a cooperation Prof. Dr. Gerd Brunk with Dr.-Ing. Olaf Weckner (Mechanics); Dipl.-Ing. Christiane
between Susanne Hofmann Architekten and the Technical University Berlin. Straße, Prof. Dr. Johannes Cramer (Architectural History); Dr.-Ing. Joachim Feldmann
Architecture students were given the opportunity to work on real projects, within (Acoustics); Dr.-Ing. Stefan Gräbener, Prof. Dr. Mathias Hirche (Visualization);
tight budgetary constraints, from conception to completion under professional Prof. Rainer Mertes (Construction Economics); Reimund Ross (Fire Engineering);
Dr.-Ing. Eddy Widjaja, Dipl.-Ing. Roland Lippke, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Rückert (Structure);
the completion of the study reform project at the Technical University Berlin in 2014, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer (Planning Law); Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Schmid with Dr.-Ing. Jens
Susanne Hofmann Architects has operated under the name “Die Baupiloten BDA.” Tandler MSc (Structure); Dr.-Ing. Paul Schmits (Lighting); Dipl.-Ing. Katja Pfeiffer,
Prof. Claus Steffan (Building Services); Mathias Heyden, Prof. Jörg Stollmann (Urban
We would like to thank all of the other departments, teachers and collegues who Development); Dipl.-Ing. Jan Bredemeyer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank U. Vogdt (Building
have supported us: Physics); Dipl.-Ing. Astrid zimmermann (Landscape Architecture)
249
248