DISPLACEMENT MEDTHOD OF

ANALYSIS: MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

 Member Stiffness Factor (K)

 Distribution Factor (DF)
 Carry-Over Factor
 Distribution of Couple at Node
 Moment Distribution for Beams
 General Beams
 Symmetric Beams
 Moment Distribution for Frames: No Sidesway
 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway

1
Member Stiffness Factor (K) & Carry-Over
C
Factor (COF)
B
P w

EI
A B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

Internal members and far-end member fixed at end support:

COF = 0.5 2EI
kCC 
4EI k DC 
4EI L L
K
L 1
C D
COF = 0.5

B C

K(BC) = 4EI/L2, K(CD) = 4EI/L3

2
 CB
P w

EI
A B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

Far-end member pinned or roller end support:

COF = 0
3EI
3EI k AA  0
K L
L 1
C D

K(AB) = 3EI/L1, K(BC) = 4EI/L2, K(CD) = 4EI/L3

3
Joint Stiffness Factor (K) CB
P w

EI
A B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

K(AB) = 3EI/L1 K(BC) = 4EI/L2, K(CD) = 4EI/L3

Kjoint = KT = Kmember

4
Distribution Factor (DF) CB
P w

EI
A B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

K
DF 
K

Notes:
- far-end pined (DF = 1)
- far-end fixed (DF = 0)

A KAB/(K(AB) + K(BC) B KBC/(K(AB) + K(BC) C K(CD)/(K(BC) + K(CD) D

) ) )
DF 1 DFBA) DFCB DFCD 0
DFBC
K(BC)/(K(BC) + K(CD) )
5
Distribution of Couple at Node
CB

(EI)1 (EI)2 (EI)3

A B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

A B C D
DF 1 DFBA DFBC DFCA DFCD 0

CB
CO=0 CB(DFBC) CO=0.5
CB( DFBC)

CB(DFBC) B CB( DFBC)

6
 50 kN•m

2EI 3EI 3EI

A B C D
4m 4m 8m 8m

L1= L2 = L3

A B C D
DF 1 0.333 0.667 0.5 0.5 0

50 kN•m
CO=0
50(.667) 50(.667) CO=0.5 16.67

50(.333)
50(.333) B

7
Distribution of Fixed-End Moments
P w

(EI)1 M (EI)2 (EI)13

A F B C D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

L1= L2 = 8 m, L3 = 10 m
A B C D
DF 1 DFBA DFBC DFCB DFCD 0

MF MF B

MF
0 MF(DFBC) MF( DFBC) 0.5

0 MF(DFB ) B MF( DFB )

8
C C
 P w
EI
2 2
A 1.5PL1/8=30 B wL2 /12=16 C wL3 /12=25 D
L1 /2 L1/2 L2 L3

L1= L2 = 8 m, L3 = 10 m
A B C D
DF 1 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0

14

30 30 B 16 16

14
0 5.6 5.6 0.5 4.2

0 B 8.4 8.4
9
Moment Distribution for
Beams

1
0
Example 1

The support B of the beam shown (E = 200 GPa, I = 50x106 mm4 ).

Use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,and qualitative
deflected shape.

20 kN 3 kN/m

2EI 3EI
A B C
4m 4m 8m

1
1
 20 kN 3 kN/m

2EI 3EI
30 16 16
A B C
CO 0.5 0 0.5 0
4m 4m 8m
K1 = 3(2EI)/8 K2 = 4(3EI)/8
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2)
K2)
DF 1 0.333 0.667 0

[FEM]load -30 16 -16

Dist. 4.662 9.338

CO 4.669

 -25.34 25.34 -11.33

20 kN 24 kN
A B B C
25.34 kN●m 11.33 kN●m
6.83 kN 13.75 kN 10.25 kN 1
13.17 kN 2
Note : Using the Slope 20 kN 3 kN/m
Deflection

2EI 3EI
20+10 16 16
A B C
4m 4m 8m

3(2EI )
M BA   B  30    (1)
8
4(3EI )
M BC   B 16    (2)
8
MBA MBC + MB = 0: -MBA - MBC = 0

B (0.75 + 1.5)EIB - 30 + 16 = 0
B = 6.22/EI
MBA = -25.33 kN•m,

MB = 25.33 kN•m
2(3EI ) C
M CB   B 16  11.33 kN  m
8 13
 20 kN 3 kN/m

A C
11.33
B
6.83 kN
13.17 + 13.75 = 26.92 kN 10.25 kN
4m 4m 8m
13.75
6.83
V (kN)
+ + x (m)
– 4.58 m – -10.25
-13.17
27.32
6.13
M + +
(kN•m)
– – x (m)
-11.33
-25.33
Deflected
shape x (m)
1
4
Example 2

From the beam shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b)Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.

10 kN 50 kN•m 5 kN/m

2EI 3EI 3EI

A B C D
4m 4m 8m 8m

1
5
 10 kN 50 kN•m 5 kN/m

2EI 15
26.67 26.67 40 3EI
A 0.5 B 0.5 C 0.5 D
4m 4m 8m 8m
K1 = 3(2EI)/8 K2 = 4(3EI)/8 K3 = 3(3EI)/8
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2) K2/(K2+ K3/(K2+
K2) K3) K3)
DF 1 0.333 0.667 0.5710.428 1
Joint couple -16.65 -33.35

50 kN•m
CO=0
50(.667) 50(.667) CO=0.5

50(.333)
50(.333) B

1
6
 10 kN 50 kN•m 5 kN/m

2EI 15
26.67 26.67 40 3EI
A 0.5 B 0.5 C 0.5 D
4m 4m 8m 8m
K1 = 3(2EI)/8 K2 = 4(3EI)/8 K3 = 3(3EI)/8
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2) K2/(K2+ K3/(K2+
K2) K3) K3)
DF 1 0.333 0.667 0.571 0.429 1
Joint couple -16.65 -33.35

CO -16.675
FEM -15 26.667 -26.667 40
Dist. -3.885 -7.782 1.905 1.437

CO 0.953 -3.891
Dist. -0.317 -0.636 2.218 1.673

CO 1.109 -0.318
Dist. -0.369 -0.740 0.181 0.137

 -36.22 -13.78 -43.28 43.25 1

7
 10 kN 50 kN•m 5 kN/m

2EI 36.22
13.78 43.25 43.25 3EI
A B C D
4m 4m 8m 8m

10 kN
40 kN
36.22 kN•m
A B 43.25 kN•m

C D
Ay = 0.47 kN ByL = 9.53 kN CyR = 25.41 kN Dy = 14.59 kN

40 kN
13.78 kN•m 43.25 kN•m

B C
ByR = 12.87 kN CyL= 27.13 kN
1
8
 10 kN 50 kN•m 5 kN/m

A D
2EI B C 3EI
0.47 kN 14.59 kN
9.53+12.87=22.4 kN 27.13+25.41=52.54 kN
4m 4m 8m 8m

12.87 25.41 2.92 m

0.47
V (kN) x (m)
2.57 m
-9.53 -14.59
30.32 -27.13 21.29
13.78
M(kN•m) 1.88
x (m)

-36.22
-43.25
Deflected
x (m)
shape
1
9
Example 3

From the beam shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.

2EI 40 kN 50 kN•m 10 kN/m 40 kN

A D
EI
B C
3m 3m 9m 3m

2
0
 120 kN•m 40 kN
2EI 40 kN 50 kN•m 10 kN/m

A D
30 30 101.25 EI
B C
0.5 0.5
3m 3m 9m 3m

K1 = 4(2EI)/6 K2 = 3(EI)/9
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2)
K2)
DF 0 0.80 0.20 1
Joint couple 40 10 -120
CO 20 -60
FEM 30 -30 101.25
Dist.

Dist. -9 -2.25
CO -4.5

 45.5 1 49 -120
2
1
 2EI 40 kN 50 kN•m 10 kN/m 40 kN
1
A D
49 120 120
45.5 EI
B C
3m 3m 9m 3m
40 kN
40 kN
45.5 kN•m 1 kN•m
A B 120 kN•m

C D

Ay = 27.75 kN ByL = 12.25 kN CyR = 40 kN

90 kN
49 kN•m 120 kN•m

B C

ByR = 37.11 kN CyL = 52.89 kN

2
2
 2EI 40 kN 50 kN•m 10 kN/m 40 kN

A D
EI
B C
27.75 kN
12.25+37.11 = 49.36 kN 52.89+40 = 92.89 kN
3m 3m 9m 3m

37.11 40
27.75
V (kN) + + +
- x (m)
-12.25 3.71 m -
37.75 -52.89
19.84
M(kN•m) + 1 + x (m)
- -
-
-45.5 -49

-120
Deflected
x (m)
shape 2
3
Example 4

The support B of the beam shown (E = 200 GPa, I = 50x106 mm4 ) settles 10 mm.
Use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.

20 kN 15 kN•m
12 kN•m 3 kN/m

2EI 3EI
A B C
4m 4m 8m

2
4
 20 kN 15 kN•m
12 kN•m 3 kN/m
B
A C
2EI 30 16 3EI
0.5 4 m 16
4m 10 mm 8 m
 0.5
B [FEM] B 
6(2EI ) 6(2EI ) 6(3EI )
A   9.375 6(3EI ) 2
 28.125
 28.125 L
KL = 3(2EI)/8
2 2
2L
L2 K = 4(3EI)/8
K2/(K1+ K2)
K1/(K1+ K2)
6(2EI ) C
DF 1 0.333 0
L2
Joint couple -12 1 5
2

0.667
10
CO -6 5
[FEM]load -30 16 -16
[FEM] 9.375 -28.125 -28.125

Dist. 12.90 25.85

 -12 -8.72 23.72 -26.20 2

CO 12.92 5
Note : Using the 20 kN 18.75-9.375 15 kN•m
3 kN/m
slope deflection 12 kN•m (9.375 )
B (28.125)
A C
2EI 3EI 28.125
(20+10)loa (16)loa 16
4m 4m d 10 mm d 8 m

15 kN•m
-12 MBA
4(2EI ) MBC
M AB   A  2(2EI )  B  20 18.75    (1)
8 8
2(2EI ) B
M BA   A  4(2EI )  B  20 18.75    (2)
8 8 + MB = 0: - MBA - MBC + 15 = 0
(2)  (1) 3(2EI )
:M   B  30  9.375 12 / 2    (2a)
2
BA
8 (0.75 + 1.5)EIB - 38.75 - 15 = 0
4(3EI ) B = 23.9/EI
M BC   B 16  28.125    (3)
8
MBA = -8.7 kN•m,
2(3EI )
M CB   B 16  28.125    (4)
8 MB = 23.72 kN•m
C 2(3EI )
M CB   B 16  28.125
8
 26.2 kN  m
2
6
 20 kN 15 kN•m
12 kN•m 3 kN/m

2EI 8.725 23.7253EI 26.205

A B C
4m 4m 8m

20 kN 24 kN
12 kN•m
8.725 kN•m 26.205 kN•m
A B B C

23.725 kN•m
Ay = 7.41 kN ByL = 12.59 kN ByR = 11.69 kN Cy = 12.31 kN

2
7
 20 kN 15 kN•m
12 kN•m 3 kN/m

C
A 2EI B 3EI 26.205
7.41 kN
12.59+11.69 = 24.28 kN 12.31 kN
4m 4m 8m

7.41 11.69
V (kN)
+ + x (m)
– 3.9 m – -12.31
-12.59
41.64
12
+
M
x (m)
(kN•m)
-8.725
– -0.93 –
-23.725 -26.205
Deflected 10 mm B = 23.9/EI
shape x (m)
2
8
Example 5

For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the moment
distribution method to
(a)Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

2
9
 12 kN•m
4.5+(4.5/2) 6 kN/m
= 6.75
B
A
4.5 10 mm
2EI C 1.5EI
3m 0.5 3 m 0.5

100-(100/2) = 50 6(1.5 200  50)(0.01)

0.01 m
C 32
MF
A  100 kN  m
K1 = 4(2EI)/3 K2 = 3(1.5EI)/3
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2)
K2)
DF 0 0.64 0.36 1
Joint couple 12
CO 6
[FEM]load 6.75
[FEM] 50

Dist. -40.16 -22.59

CO -20.08

 -20.08 -40.16 40.16 12 30

 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI
3m 3m

 -20.08 -10.16 40.16 12

20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m

B C
40.16  20.08
20.08 kN  20.08 kN
3
18 kN
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
3
1
 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m
B C
20.08 kN 20.08 kN 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
V (kN) 26.39
+ 8.39
x (m)
-

M (kN•m) -20.08
20.08 12
x (m)

Deflected shape -40.16

x (m)
3
2
 Example 6

• For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm

downward, use the moment distribution method to
(a)Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment
diagrams, and qualitative deflected shape.
• Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

3
3
• Overview 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
10 mm
C
R


B C
A

R´

R  R'C  0    (1*)
3
4
• Artificial joint applied 12 kN•m
4.5+(4.5/2) 6 kN/m
= 6.75
B
A
4.5 10 mm
2EI C 1.5EI
3m 0.5 3 m 0.5

100-(100/2) = 50 6(1.5 200  50)(0.01)

0.01 m
C 32
MF
A  100 kN  m
K1 = 4(2EI)/3 K2 = 3(1.5EI)/3
K1/(K1+ K2/(K1+ K2)
K2)
DF 0 0.64 0.36 1
Joint couple 12
CO 6
[FEM]load 6.75
[FEM] 50

Dist. -40.16 -22.59

CO -20.08

 -20.08 -40.16 40.16 12 3

5
 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI
3m 3m

 -20.08 -40.16 40.16 12

20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m

B C
40.16  20.08 18 kN
20.08 kN  20.08 kN 12 kN•m
3 6 kN/m
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
40.16 kN•m
40.16 kN•m

20.08 C 26.39 kN  Fy  0 :  20.08  26.39  R  0

R
R  46.47 kN 3
6
 • Artificial joint removed

B
A
C
2EI 0.5 1.5EI 0.5
3m R´ 3m
C C
75
B   6(1.5EI )( )
100 EI  75
75-(75/2) A 32
6(2EI ) C 75
 100   = 37.5
32 EI
DF 0
[FEM] -100 0.6 0.36 1
4 +37.5
-100

Dist. 40 22.5
80 kN•m CO 20 60 kN•m 60 kN•m
C A
B -80 C -60 60 20 kN 20 kN
46.67 kN 46.67 kN
C 3
46.67 20 kN   Fy  0 R'  66.67 kN
R´ : 7
• Solve equation
Substitute R  46.47 kN and R'  66.67 kN in (1*)

46.47  66.67C  0
C  0.6970
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
20.08 kN•m A
10 mm
20.08 kN C
R = 46.47 kN 8.39 kN


B
80 kN•m A  C  0.6970

46.67 kN 20 kN
R´ = 66.67 kN
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
35.68 kN•m B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 3
12.45 kN 5.55 kN 8
 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
35.68 kN•m B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
12.45 kN
3m 3m 5.55 kN

V (kN) 12.45 0.925 m

+
x (m)
-5.55

M (kN•m) 14.57 12
1.67 +
x (m)
-

-35.68
Deflected shape
x (m)

3
9
Symmetric Beam
• Symmetric Beam and
Loading P
P
 

A B C D
L´ L L´
real beam

V´B L L V´C M (L)( L )  0

2 2 + MC´ = 0: VB' (L) 
EI 2
B´ C´
ML
M VB'   
ML 2EI
EI
EI
2EI
conjugate beam M  
L

The stiffness factor for the center span is, therefore,

2EI
K
L 4
0
• Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric Loading
P

A D
B  C
P
L´ L L´
real beam
1 M L M
( )( ) + MC´ = 0: VB' (L)  1 ( M )( L )( 2L )  0
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI 2 3
V´B 2
L ML
B´ 3 VB'   
6EI
C´
6EI
1 ( M )( L ) V´C M  
M L
2 EI 2
EI
The stiffness factor for the center span is, therefore,
conjugate beam
6EI
K 4
L
1
Example 5a

Determine all the reactions at supports for the beam below. EI is constant.

15 kN/m

A D
B C
4m 6m 4m

4
2
 15 kN/m

A D
wL2/15 = 16 B wL2/12 = 45 C wL2/15 = 16
4m 6m 4m
3EI 3EI 2EI 2EI
K ( AB )   , K ( BC )  
L 4 L 6
K K ( AB) (3EI / 4)
(DF ) AB  ( AB)
 1,(DF ) BA    0.692,
K ( AB) K ( AB)  K ( BC ) (3EI / 4)  (2EI / 6)
K ( BC ) (2EI / 6)
(DF ) BC    0.308
K ( AB)  K ( BC ) (3EI / 4)  (2EI / 6)
DF 1.0 0.692 0.308
[FEM]load 0 -16 +45

Dist. -20.07 -8.93

 -36.07 +36.07
30 kN 30 kN
8 90 kN 8
36.07 kN•m 36.07 kN•m
3 3
A B B C C D
4m 3m 3m 4m
0.98 kN 29.02 kN
45 kN 45 kN 29.02 kN 0.98 kN 4
3
 30 kN 30 kN
8 90 kN 8
36.07 kN•m 36.07 kN•m
3 3
A B B C C D
4m 3m 3m 4m
0.98 kN 29.02 kN 29.02 kN 0.98 kN
45 kN 45 kN

15 kN/m

A D
B 74.02 kN C 74.02 kN
0.98 kN 0.98 kN
4m 6m 4m
45
29.02
V 0.98
(kN) x (m)
-0.98
-29.02 -45
31.42
M +
(kN•m) x (m)
- -
-36.07 -36.07

Deflected
shape 4
4
Example 5b

Determine all the reactions at supports for the beam below. EI is constant.

15 kN/m

A C D
B
15 kN/m
4m 3m 3m 4m

4
5
Fixed End Moment 15 kN/m

A C D
wL2/15 = 16 B 11wL2/192 5wL2/192
= 30.938 = 14.063

5wL2/192 11wL2/192
= 14.063 = 30.938 wL2/15 = 16
A C D
B
15 kN/m

15 kN/m
16.875
C 16
A D
16 B 16.875
15 kN/m
4
6
 15 kN/m
16.875
C 16
A D
16 B 16.875
15 kN/m
4m 3m 3m 4m

3EI 3EI 6EI 6EI

K ( AB)    0.75EI , K ( BC )    EI
L 4 L 6
0.75 1
(DF ) AB  1, (DF ) BA   0.429, (DF ) BC   0.571
0.75 1 0.75 1
DF 1.0 0.429 0.571
[FEM]load 0 -16 16.875

Dist. -0.375 -0.50

 -16.375 16.375
8
30 kN
8 45 kN 3
16.375 kN•m 16.375 kN•m 4m
3
A B B C C D
4m
5.91 kN 24.09 kN 27.96 kN 5.91 kN
27.96 kN 45 kN 24.09 kN 30 kN 47
 8
30 kN
8 45 kN 3
16.375 kN•m 16.375 kN•m 4m
3
A B B C C D
4m
5.91 kN 24.09 kN 27.96 kN 5.91 kN
27.96 kN 45 kN 24.09 kN 30 kN

15 kN/m

A C D
B
15 kN/m
5.91 kN 52.05 kN 52.05 kN 5.91 kN
27.96 27.96
V 5.91 5.91
(kN) x (m)
-24.09 -24.09
M 16.375
(kN•m) x (m)
-16.375
Deflected shape
4
8
Moment Distribution Frames:
No Sidesway

4
9
Example 6

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a)Determine all the reactions at supports
(b)Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.
40 kN•m
48 kN 8 kN/m
B C
A
2.5EI 2.5EI

4m
3EI

5m D 5m

5
0
 40 kN•m
48 kN 8 kN/m
B C
A
2.5EI 45 25 2.5EI
0.5 0.5
4m
KAB = KBC = 3(2.5EI)/5 = 1.5 EI 3EI 0.5
KBD = 4(3EI)/4 = 3EI
5m D 5m

Member AB BA BC BD DB CB
DF 1 0.25 0.25 0.5 0 1
Joint load -10 -10 -20
CO -10

FEM -45 25
Dist. 5 5 10

CO 0 -50 20 -10 5 -5 0 5
1
 40 kN•m
48 kN 8 kN/m
B C
A
20
2.5EI 50 2.5EI
14 kN 10 16 kN
3EI
5 Member AB BA BC BD DB CB
D  0 -50 20 -10 -5 0

40 kN•m
58 kN 34 24 3.75
50 20
48 kN 3.75 40 kN
A B 0 58
50 kN•m B C 3.75
10
58 20 3.75
14 kN 34 kN 10 kN•m 16 kN
24 kN
3.75 kN

5
3.75 kN
58 5
2
 40 kN•m
48 kN 8 kN/m
B C
A
2.5EI 20 2.5EI
14 kN 50 16 kN
3EI 10 4m
5
D
5m 5m

58 kN

35
16
10

20

50 Moment diagram Deflected shape

5
5
3
Moment Distribution
for Frames: Sidesway

5
4
Single Frames

P P
 
C C R´
B C B R B

x C1

A D A D A D

Artificial joint applied Artificial joint removed

(no sidesway) (sidesway)

0 = R + C1R´

5
5
  P3
Multistory Frames P2
2

P4
P1 1

P3
´´ ´´
P2 R2´´
R2 R2´
´ ´
P4
x C1 x C2
P1 R1´
R1 R1´´

0 =R2 + C1R2´ + C2R2´´

0 =R1 + C1R1´ + C2R2´´ 5

6
Example 7

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
16 kN
1m 4m
B C

5m

A D

5
7
 • Overview
16 kN 16 kN
1m 4m C C R´
B C B R B

5m 5m = + x C1

A D A D A D

artificial joint applied artificial joint removed

(no sidesway) ( sidesway)

R + C1R´ = 0 ---------(1)

5
8
• Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

Fixed end moment:

16 kN
b=1m a=4m C
B R
Pa2b/L2 Pb2a/L2
= 10.24 = 2.56

A D

Equilibrium condition :

+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x x x

5
9
 16 kN
1m 4m C
R A B C D
B
0.5 DF 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
10.24 2.56 0
FEM 10.24 -2.56
5m 5m
0.5 0.5 Dist. -5.12 -5.12 1.28 1.28
A D CO -2.56 0.64 -2.56 0.64

Dist. -0.32 -0.32 1.28 1.28

5.78 kN•m 2.72 kN•m
CO -0.16 0.64 -0.16 0.64
B C Dist. -0.32 -0.32 0.08 0.08

5m 5m CO -0.16Equilibrium condition
0.04 : -0.16 0.04

Dist. +-0.02
Fx -0.02
= 0: 1.73 0.08
- 0.81 0.08
+R = 0
A Ax = 1.73 kN D
Dx = 0.81 kN R = - 0.92 kN
 -2.88 -5.78 5.78 -2.72 2.72 1.32
2.88 kN•m 1.32 kN•m
6
0
• Artificial joint removed ( sidesway)

Fixed end moment:

Since both B and C happen to be displaced the same amount , and AB and DC
have the same E, I, and L so we will assume fixed-end moment to be 100 kN•m.

 
B 5m C
100 kN•m R´
100 kN•m

5m 5m
100 kN•m 100 kN•m
A
D

Equilibrium condition :

+ F = 0: A + D + R´ = 0
x x x

6
1
  

B 5m C
R´ A B C D
0.5 0.50 0.50
100 kN•m 100 kN•m DF 0 0.50 0.50 0
FEM 100 100 100 100
5m 5m Dist. - -50 -50 -50
0.5 0.5
50
100 kN•m 100 kN•m
A
D
CO -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0
Dist. 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5
60 kN•m 60 kN•m CO -1.56 -1.56 -1.56 -1.56
CO 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Dist. 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78
- -3.125 - -3.125
CO 0.39 3.125 0.39 0.39
3.125 0.39
B C Dist. -0.195 -0.195 -0.195 -0.195
 80 60 -60 -60 60 80
5m 5m

Equilibrium condition: + Fx = 0:

A Ax = 28 kN D
Dx = 28 kN -28 - 28 + R´ = 0

80 kN•m 80 kN•m R´ = 56 kN
6
2
 Substitute R = -0.92 and R´= 56 in (1) :

R + C1R´ = 0
-0.92 + C1(56) = 0
0.92
C1 =
56

16 kN 16 kN
B C C R´ 1m 4m C
R B B
5.78 2.72 60 60 4.79 3.71
2.72 60 60 3.71
5.78 4.79
+ x C1 = 5m 5m
2.88 80 80 1.57 2.63
1.32
1.73 kN 0.81 28 28 1.27 kN
A D A D A D 1.27

6
3
 8.22
16 kN
3.71
1m 4m C
B 4.79
4.79 3.71 3.71
4.79
4.79 3.71
5m 5m
1.57 2.63

1.27 kN 1.27 kN 1.57 2.63

A D 2.99 kN Bending moment
13.01 kN diagram (kN•m)
 

Deflected shape 6
4
Example 8

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.

20 kN/m 3m
B pin
C
3EI

3m 2EI
4EI 4m

A
D

6
5
 • Overview

20 kN/m
B 3m, 3EI B C B C
C
R R´

3 m , 2EI
4m , 4EI = + x C1

A A A
D D D

artificial joint applied artificial joint removed

(no sidesway) (sidesway)

R + C1R´ = 0 ----------(1)

6
6
• Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)
20 kN/m A B C D
B 3m , 3EI C R
DF 0 0.471 0.52 1.00 1.00 0
0.5 9
15
FEM 15.00 -15.00
0.5 0.5 Dist. 7.065 7.935
3 m , 2EI 4m, 4E
15
I CO 3.533
A
D 7.94kN•m18.53 -7.94 7.94

KBA = 4(2EI)/3 = 2.667EI

B C + F = 0:
x
KBC = 3(3EI)/3 = 3EI
60 - 33.53 - 0 + R = 0
KCD = 3(4EI)/4 = 3EI 60
3m 4m
R = - 26.47 kN

A Ax = 33.53 kN D Dx = 0

18.53 kN•m 0 6
7
 • Artificial joint removed ( sidesway)

• Fixed end moment

   
B 3m, 3EI C B 3m, 3EI C
R´ R´
100 kN•m
6(2EI/(3) 2 6(4EI)/(4) 2 100 kN•m
3 m, 2EI
100 kN•m 4m, 4EI 3 m, 2EI 4m, 4EI
6(2EI/(3) 2 100 kN•m
3(4EI/(4) 2 3(4EI)(75/EI)/(4) 2
A A = 56.25 kN•m

D D
Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kN•m

6(2EI )
 100
32
AB = 75/EI
6
8
  
A B C D
B 3m C R´
0.5 DF 0 0.47 1 1.00 1.00 0
100 0.529
0.5 FEM 100 100 56.25
0.5 Dist. -47.1 -52.9 0
3m 4m
100
56.25
A CO -28.55

 76.45 52.9 -52.9 56.25

D
52.9. kN•m
+ F = 0:
C x

B -43.12 - 14.06 + R´ = 0
3m 4m R´ = 57.18 kN
A Ax = 43.12kN
D 14.06 kN

76.45 kN•m
56.25 kN•m 69
 Substitute R = -26.37 and R´= 57.18 in (1) :

R + C1R´ = 0

-26.47 + C1(57.18) = 0

26.47
C1 =
57.18
20 kN/m
B B 52.9 kN•m B
C C 3m
R C
7.94 kN•m R´ 16.55 kN•m
7.94 kN•m 52.9
= 3m
+ 76.45 kN•m
x C1
53.92 kN•m 4m
18.53 kN•m

33.53 kN 43.12 kN 53.49 kN

A A 56.25
0 A 26.04 kN•m
5.52 kN6.51 kN
0
D D 14.06 D
5.52 kN
70
 20 kN/m
16.55
B 3m 16.55
C B C
16.55 kN•m

3m
53.92 kN•m 4m
53.92
53.49 kN
A 26.04 kN•m A
5.52 kN6.51 kN 26.04
Moment diagram
  D
D
5.52 kN
B C

A
Deflected shape
71
D
Example 8

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,
and qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.

10 kN B
C

4m

A D
4m 3m

7
2
• Overview
10 kN B
C

4m

A D
4m 3m

R + C1R´ = 0 ---------(1)

=
10 kN B C B C
R R´

+ x C1

A D A D
artificial joint applied artificial joint removed
(no sidesway) (sidesway) 7
3
• Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

10 kN B C
R

0 0
A D

Equilibrium condition : + F = 0:
x
10 + R = 0
R = - 10 kN

7
4
• Artificial joint removed (sidesway)

• Fixed end moment 6EIBC/(4) 2

B
R´
6EIA /(4) 2
C 3EICD/(5) 2
B
100 kN•m 100 kN•m
6EICD/(5) 2 4 m
6EIAB/(4) 2
A D
4m 3m

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kN•m : 6EI AB

 100
42
AB = 266.667/EI
B C´ BC
R´
 CD =  / cos 36.87° = 1.25  = 1.25(266.667/EI)
B´ C = 333.334/EI
36.87° 4 m C´
C
D B   tan 36.87° = 0.75 
36.87° C = 0.75(266.667/EI)
A D C AB =  = 200/EI
4m 3m 7
5
BC= 200/EI, CD = 333.334/EI

6EIBC/(4) 2 = 6(200)/42 = 75 kN•m

B
R´
100 kN•m
C 3EICD/(5) 2 = 3(333.334)/52 = 40 kN•m

100 kN•m
A D

Equilibrium condition :

+ F = 0: A + D + R´ = 0
x x x

7
6
 75 A B C D
B 75
R´ DF 0 0.50 0.50 0.625 0.375 1
0.5 C
100 FEM 100 100 -75 -75 40
40
4 m Dist. -12.5 -12.5 21.875 13.125
0.5 0.5
100 CO -6.25 10.938 -6.25
A D Dist. -5.469 -5.469 3.906 2.344
4m 3m CO -2.735 1.953 -2.735
Dist. -0.977 -0.977 1.709 1.026
KBA = 4EI/4 = EI, KBC = 4EI/4 = EI,
KCD = 3EI/5 = 0.6EI  91.02 81.05 -81.05 -56.48 56.48

34.38 kN 34.38 kN
81.05 81.05 B C 56.48
B 56.48 C
34.38 kN 34.38 kN

+ F = 0: 39.91 kN
A 43.02 kN x D
91.02 -43.02 - 39.91 + R´ = 0
34.38 kN R´ = 82.93 kN 34.38 kN
7
7
 Substitute R = -10 kN and R´= 82.93 kN in (1) : -10 + C1(82.93) = 0
R + C1R´ = 0 ---------(1) C1 = 10/82.93

81.05
10 kN B C B C
R R´
81.05 56.48
x C1= 10/82.93
+ 56.48
0 0 91.02 39.91 kN
A 0 D A 43.02 kN D
0

=
34.38 kN
0 34.38 kN
9.77
10 kN B
C
9.77 6.81
6.81 4m
10.98 4.81 kN
A 5.19 kN
D
4.15 kN 4.15 kN
4m 3m
7
8
 9.77
10 kN B
C
9.77 6.81
6.81 4m
10.98
A 5.19 kN 4.81 kN
D
4.15 kN 4.15 kN
4m 3m

9.77
B B
9.77 C C

6.81

A 10.98 A
D D

Bending moment diagram Deflected shape

(kN•m)

7
9
Example 9

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams,and
qualitative deflected shape.
EI is constant.
40 kN
20 kN B
C
3EI
3m
4EI
4EI 4m

A
D
2m 3m 2m

8
0
 40 kN
• Overview
20 kN B
C
3EI
3m
4EI
4EI 4m

A
D
2m 3m 2m

R + C1R´ = 0 ----------(1)
40 kN

=
20 kN B C B C
R R´

+ x C1
artificial joint applied artificial joint removed
(no sidesway) (no sidesway)
A A
D D
2m 3m 2m 2m 3m 2m 8
1
• Artificial joint applied (no sidesway)

Fixed end moments:

40 kN
PL/8 = 15
B C
20 kN R
15+(15/2)
= 22.5 kN•m

A
D
2m 3m 2m

Equilibrium condition :

+ F = 0: A + D + R = 0
x x x

8
2
 A B C D
40 kN
20 kN B C DF 0 0.60 0.4 01.00 1.00 0
R
22.5
15 FEM 22.5
0.5
Dist. -13.5 -9.0
0.5 0.5

A CO -6.75
D
2m 3m 2m  -6.75 -13.5 13.5
KB = 4(4EI)/3.6 = 4.444EI, K B = 3(3EI)/3 = 3EI,
A C

24.5 kN 15.5 kN
13.5 kN•m
C + F = 0:
B x

40 kN 23.08 + 20 -7.75 + R´ = 0
13.5 B C R´ = - 35.33 kN

A 7.75 kN
23.08 kN
24.5 kN 15.5 kN D
6.75 kN•m 0
24.5 kN
8
15.5 kN 3
• Artificial joint removed (sidesway)

Fixed end moments: 3m

B C
R´
3EI

4EI 4EI
A
D
3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 6(3EI) /(3) 2
B
100 kN•m C
R´
6(4EI)AB/(3.606) 2 B C
6(4EI)CD/(4.47) 2
100 kN•m
6(4EI)AB/(3.61) 2
3(4EI)CD/(4.472) 2
A
D

Assign a value of (FEM)AB = (FEM)BA = 100 kN•m : 6(4EI ) AB  100 A = 54.18/EI

2
3.61 B 8
4
 CC´   ABcos 33.69° = 45.08/EI
B BB´ C C´
R´ C´
B´
C  tan 26.57 = 22.54/EI

26.57°
26.57°
B 33.69o
 tan 33.69 = 30.05/EI
A
D
B´
 BC  B'C'  22.54 / EI  30.05 / EI  52.59 / EI
CD  cos 26.57°= 50.4/EI

3(3EI)BC/(3) 2 = 3(3EI)(52.59/EI) /(3) 2 = 52.59 kN•m

R´
100 kN•m B C

100 kN•m
3(4EI)CD/(4.472) 2
A = 3(4EI)(50.4/EI)/(4.472) 2
D
= 30.24 kN•m 8
5
 A B C D
3EI
B 52.59 C DF 0 0.60 0.40 1.00 1.00 0
R´
100 0.5 FEM 100 100 -52.59 30.24
3m Dist. -28.45 -18.96
100 0.5 0.5 4m
4EI
4EI
A 30.24CO -14.223
D
2m 3m 2m  85.78 71.55 -71.55 30.24

23.85 kN 23.85 kN
71.55 kN•m + F = 0:
x
C
B -68.34 - 19.49 + R´ = 0
71.55 B C R´ = 87.83 kN

A 68.34 kN 23.85 23.85 19.49 kN

D
85.78kN•m 30.24 kN•m
23.85 kN
23.85 kN
8
6
 Substitute R = -35.33 and R´= 87.83 in (1) : -35.33 + C1(87.83) = 0
40 kN C1 = 35.33/87.83
20 kN B C B C
35.33 kN 90.59 kN

13.5 kN•m 71.55 kN•m

+85.78 kN•m x C1
6.75 kN•m
23.08 kN 68.34 kN
0 30.24 kN•m
A 24.5 kN A 23.85 kN
7.75 kN 19.485 kN
D D
15.5 kN 23.85 kN

=
40 kN
20 kN B
C
15.28 kN•m

27.76 kN•m
4.41 kN
12.16 kN•m
A 14.91 kN
15.59 kN
D
25.09 kN 87
 40 kN
20 kN B
C
15.28 kN•m

27.76 kN•m
4.41 kN
12.16 kN•m
A 14.91 kN
15.59 kN
D
37.65 25.09 kN

15.28
C
C
B B

A 27.76 12.16 A Derıectea snape

æena¦ng moment a¦agram D D

88