10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 Module: Week 3
ARITHMETIC SERIES,
ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE
M10AL-1d-1-2
 What I Need To Know

You already know sequences in which a certain number is added to each term to get the next
term. Now, you will learn how to determine the sum of the terms in a given arithmetic sequence
and explore sequences in which a certain number is multiplied to each term to get the next
term. These sequences are called geometric sequence. The module is divided into three
lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Determining the sum of terms of arithmetic sequence

Lesson 2 – Illustrating Geometric Sequence
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define arithmetic series
2. determine the sum of the terms in a given arithmetic sequence
3. define a geometric sequence;
4. differentiate a geometric from arithmetic sequence;
5. given the first few terms of a geometric sequence, find the common ratio and
6. relate a geometric sequence to real life situation.

What I Know

Pre – Test
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the sum of the first 50 counting numbers?
a. 1 275 b. 2 020 c. 2 550 d. 5 050
2. What is the sum of all positive integers less than 45?
a. 990 b. 980 c. 890 d. 2025
3. Find the sum of the first 90 natural numbers.
a. 4 059 b. 4 509 c. 4 095 d. 4 050
4. Find the sum of the given arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11… up to 10th term of the
sequence.
a. 154 b. 155 c. 156 d. 164
5. Find the sum of the terms in the arithmetic sequence 5 +10 + 15+ 20+… up to the 8th
terms.
a. 160 b. 165 c. 175 d. 180
6. The sequence 3, 6, 9, 18, 36, … is an example of geometric sequence.
a. always true c. sometimes true
b. never true d. none of the above
7. Which of the following situation describes a geometric sequence?
a. A baby gains 60 grams every week.
b. A car’s value depreciates by 20% every year.
c. Alex saves Php 1,000 every payday.
d. A vendor sells anywhere from 5 to 10 cellphones a day.
8. What is the next term in the sequence 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, … ?
a. 2.5 b. 3.5 c. 3 d. 4
9. What is the common ratio of the sequence 3, 12, 48, 192, …
a. 4 b. 6 c. 5 d. 3
10. Write the first four terms of the geometric sequence whose first term is 2 and the
common
11. ratio is 5.
a. 2, 7, 12, 17 c. 2, 10, 50, 250
b. 2, 10, 20, 40 d. 2, 5, 10, 50

2
 12. Which of the following sequences is geometric?
a. 4, 8, 32, 256 c. 1.1, 1.01, 1.001, 1.0001, …
b. 6, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, … d. 2, 6, 18, 54, …
13. What is the value of x so that x – 1, 2x – 2, and 3x + 6 are consecutive terms of a
geometric sequence.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 11 d. 9
14. Find the third term of a geometric sequence whose second term is 3 and the fifth
term is 81.
a. 9 b. 30 c. 29 d. 54
15. The first term of a geometric sequence is 1 and the common ratio is 5. Determine
the largest 3-digit number that represents a term of this sequence.
a. 625 b. 999 c. 995 d. 125
16. If each bacterium divides into 4 bacteria every hour, how many bacteria will there be
at the end of 5 hours, if there are 4 bacteria at the start?
a. 64 b. 256 c. 1024 d. 4096

Lesson Determining the Sum of

1 the Terms of an Arithmetic

Sequence
.

What’s In

What is the sum of the terms of each finite sequence below?

1. 1, 4, 7, 10
2. 3, 5, 7, 9
3. 10, 5, 0, -5, -10
4. 64, 47, 30, 13, -4
5. -2, -5, -8, -11, -14, -17

What’s New

Let’s Explore!

ACTIVITY 1
Observe the following equilateral triangles.

…
Perimeter: 3 cm Perimeter: 6cm Perimeter: 9cm

What is the sum of the perimeters of the first ten equilateral triangles shown above?

3
Questions:
1. How did you find the sum of the perimeters of the equilateral triangles in the
activity?
2. Can you estimate your time in finding the sum of the perimeters of the first 10
triangles following the sequence in the activity? Is there another way of finding it
easier? How?

What is It

Let’s Explore Further!

ACTIVITY 2
Do you know that at the age of ten, Carl Friedrich Gauss (one of the greatest
mathematicians of all time) was asked by his teacher to add the counting numbers from 1
to 100?
Carl did it in less than a minute. How did he do it? Let’s
observe the Gaussian Pattern.

GAUSSIAN PATTERN
1+2+3+4+ … + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100

1+100 = 101
2+99 = 101
3+98 = 101
4+97 = 101

Since there would be fifty pairs of numbers in the sequence, each with a sum of 101, we
can find the sum of the terms in this sequence by multiplying 101 by 50.
So, 101 x 50 pairs = 5,050

Thus, 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 98 + 99 + 100 = 5 050.

We call this sum an arithmetic series. In symbols, the series above is written as

a1 + a2 + a3 +… + a100 = Sn

The sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence forms an arithmetic series.

The sum of the first n terms of a sequence, called partial sum, is denoted by Sn

Questions:
1. Are you aware now of the Gaussian pattern? How did Carl find the
sum of all counting numbers from 1 to 100?
2. Can you find the sum of arithmetic series 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28,
32,36?

Mathematically Speaking

DERIVATION OF THE FORMULA OF ARITHMETIC SERIES

Consider the arithmetic series

Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + …. + an-1 + an

4
 The series can also be reversely written as
Sn = an + an-1 + an-2 + …. + a2+ a1

Note that
a2 = a1+d, a3 = a1+2d a4 = a1+3d

a5 = a1+(5-1)d a6 = a1+(6-1) a7 = a1+(7-1)d

Consequently, an = a1+(n–1)d

or a7 = a8 - d, a6 = a8 – 2d a5 = a8 – 3d

a4 = a8 – 4d a3 = a8 – 5d a2 = a8 - 6d

Therefore, a1 = an - (n–1)d
Hence, the two series can be written as

Sn = a1 + (a1 +d) + (a1 + 2d) + … + [a1 + (n-1)d]

and Sn = an + (an – d) + (an – 2d) +… + [an - (n-1)d]

Adding these two series:

Sn = a1 + (a1 +d) + (a1 + 2d) + … + [a1 + (n-1)d]

+ Sn = an + (an – d) + (an – 2d) + … + [an - (n-1)d]
2Sn = (a1+an) + (a1+an) + (a1+an) + … + (a1 + an ) n terms}

Simplifying the resulting equation: 2Sn = n (a1 + an)

Solving for Sn gives

𝒏
Equation 1 Sn = 𝟐 (a1 + an)

Also, since an = a1 + (n – 1)d,

then,

𝒏
Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1)d]
𝟐
Equation 2

These are the sum Sn of the first n terms of an arithmetic series, where a1 is the first term, an
as the nth term, n as the number of terms, and d the common difference.

Example 1. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, ...

Solution: Given n = 10; a1 = 5; d = 4 Use the

formula Sn = n [2a1 + (n–1)d]

Sn 1)4] substitute the given values in the formula

Sn = 5 [10) + (9)4] simplify by performing the operations involved
Sn = 5 [10 + 36] simplify further
Sn = 5 [45]

5
 Sn = 225 The sum of the terms in the sequence whose n = 10;
a1 = 5; d = 4 is 225.

Example 2. . Find the sum of even integers from 2 to 50.

Solution:
Since even integers are number which are multiples of 2, their common
difference d is 2.
Given a1 = 2; an = 50; and d = 2,

We must first find the value of n, using the nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
50 = 2 + (n – 1) 2 substitute the given values in the formula
50 = 2 + 2n – 2 simplify by performing the operations involved
50 = 2n simplify further
n = 25
With the available data, it is convenient to use the formula n
𝑛
Sn = 2 (a1 + a2)
Solution:

Sn = (2 + 50) substitute the given values in the formula

= (52) simplify by performing the indicated operations

= simplify further

Sn = 650 The sum of all even numbers from 2 to 50 is 650.

Example 3. The sum of the first 10 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 230. What is the
first term if the last term is 41? What is the common difference?
Solution: Given n = 10; Sn = 230; an = 41,
𝑛
Use the formula Sn =
2
(a1 + a2)
10
230 = (a1 + 41) substitute the given values in the formula
2
230 = 5 (a1 + 41) simplify by performing the operations involved
230 5
= (a1 + 41) divide the whole equation by 5
5 5
46 – 41 = a1 combine the constants
a1 = 5 the first term in the sequence is 5

Solving for the common difference , we use the formula

an = a1 + (n – 1) d Solution: an = a1 + (n – 1) d
41 = 5 + (10 – 1) d substitute the given values in the formula
41 = 5 + 9d simplify by performing the operations involved
41 - 5 = 9d combine the constants
36 = 9d divide both sides by 9 d=4

Therefore the sequence has the terms 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41.

Lesson
Illustrating Geometric
2 Sequence

6
 What’s In

Let us review.
Solve the following problems.
1. Find the 12th term in the sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, …
2. The third term of an arithmetic sequence 18 and the fifth term is 38. Find the
common difference.
3. Give the arithmetic sequence of five terms if the first term is 17 and the last term
is 97.
4. Find the 11th term of the arithmetic sequence whose first term is 10 and the
common difference is – 3?
5. How many terms are in an arithmetic sequence whose first term is -4, the
common difference is 5 and the last term is 76?

What’s New

Let’s Explore!

Directions:

A piece has one region

Fold the paper crosswise and unfold as shown. How many regions does it have?

2 regions
Fold the paper again, how many regions were formed?

4 regions
Continue folding and complete the table below.
No. of folds 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of regions 1 2 4

Guide Questions:
1. Without actually folding the paper, how many regions were made in the in the
4th fold?
2. In the 5th fold, how many regions were formed?
3. Do you see any common ratio or multiple? If yes what it is? What is the use of the
common ratio in finding the number of regions made in the paper?
4. Do you see any pattern? Describe the observed pattern.

What is It

7
 Mathematically Speaking
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

Consider the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, …

Notice that each terms after the first is formed by multiplying the preceding term
by a common multiple. This common multiple is called the common ratio (r). This type of
sequence is called geometric sequence or geometric progression. A sequence is
geometric if each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a
common ratio.
The common ratio r in any geometric sequence can be found by dividing any term except
the first by the preceding term.
The sequence 2, 4, 8, 16 is a geometric sequence since the common ratio r = 2.

2, 4, 8, 16…

2x2 4x2 8x2

4 ÷ 2 = 2, 8 ÷ 2 = 4 16 ÷ 2 = 8
This means that the common ration r = 2.

Remember:
A geometric sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is obtained by multiplying
the preceding term by a nonzero constant called the common ratio (r).

Example 1. Determine if the given sequence is geometric, if so, what is the

common ratio?
a. 2, 6, 18, 54, …
b. 3, 12, 36, 72, …
Solution:
a. 2, 6, 18, 54, …

2 6 18 54
x3 x3 x3
6 ÷ 2 = 3, 18 ÷ 6 = 3, 54 ÷ 18 = 3
There is a common ratio of 3. This is a geometric sequence.

b. 3, 12, 36, 72, …

3 12 36 72
x4 x3 x2

12 ÷ 3 = 4, 36 ÷ 12 = 3, 72 ÷ 36 = 2
There is no common ratio. This is not a geometric sequence.

Example 2. Identify the common ratio and the next term in the following
geometric sequences.
a. 80, 20, 5, …
b. 2, -6, 18, -54, …

Solution: a. 80, 20, 5, …

The common ratio is found by dividing the second term by the first term.
20 1 5 1 1
= , = , the common ratio is .
80 4 20 4 4
1 5
The next term is 5( ) =
4 4
b. 2, -6, 18, -54, …
The common ratio is found by dividing the second term by the first term
−6 18 −54
= -3, = -3, = -3,
2 −6 18
The next term is 54(-3) = -16

8
Example 3. Determine whether each sequence is arithmetic or geometric.
If it is arithmetic, give the common difference, if it is geometric, give the
common ratio.
a. 4, 10, 16, 22, …
b. 625, 125, 25, 5, …

Solution:
a. 4, 10, 16, 22, …

4 10 16 22
+6 +6 +6

10 - 4 = 6, 16 - 10 = 6, 22 - 16 = 6
There is a common difference of 6. This is an arithmetic sequence.

Solution:
c. 625, 125, 25, 5,…
125 1 25 1 5 1 1
= 5, = 5, = 5, the common ratio is 5, this is a geometric
625 125 25
sequence.

What’s More
A. Find the sum of each of the following:
1. integers from 10 to 50
2. odd integers from 1 to 101

B. Determine whether each sequence is arithmetic or geometric. If it is arithmetic,

give the common difference, if it is geometric, give the common ratio.
a. 8, 16, 24, 32, …
b. 6, 36, 216, 1296, …

C. Identify the common ratio and the next term in the following geometric
sequences.
a. 6, 30, 150, 750, …

What I Have Learned

Let’s Do This!
A. Solve the following:
1. Find the sum of arithmetic sequence 1, 5, 9, 13, … up to the 6th terms.
2. Find the sum of the first 10 natural numbers.
3. Find the sum of the multiples of 6 from 1 to 100.
B. Tell whether or not each number sequence is a geometric sequence.
For those that are geometric sequence, give the common ratio.
1. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, . . .
2. 512, 128, 32, 8, 2, . . .
3. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, . . .
C. Write the next two terms of the following geometric sequences.
1. 2, 14, 98, . . .
2. -2, -6, -18, . . .
,...

9
 What I Can Do
Application:
1. A family saves Php 1 000 in January, Php 1 200 in February, Php 1 400
in March, and so on. How much will they save in one year?
2. During the initial phase of an outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the
number of infections can grow geometrically. If there were 1, 4, 16 for the first three days
of the outbreak, how many will be infected on the 6th day?

Assessment

Assess Yourself

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The terms of a geometric sequence have a common __________.
a. factor c. difference
b. ratio d. denominator
2. Which of the following is not a geometric sequence?
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 c. 3, 12, 48, 192
b. 120, 60, 30, 15, … d. 27, 9, 3, 1, …
3. What is the common ratio of the sequence 3, ,…
a. b. c. d.
4. What is the sum of all the even integers between 8 and 30?
a. 228 b. 230 c. 240 d. 248
5. What is the ninth term of the sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, …

a. b. 8 c. d. 16

Additional Activities

Post Test
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the sum of the first 25 counting numbers?
a. 320 b. 325 c. 350 d. 360
2. What is the sum of all positive even integers between 29 and 210?
a. 5 400 b. 10 800 c. 10 900 d. 10 890
3. Find the sum of the given arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17.
a. 57 b. 58 c. 59 d. 60
4. Find the sum of the arithmetic sequence1/2 + 3/2 + 5/2, + …+ 17/2 + 19/2?
a. 20 b. 25 c. 45 d. 50
5. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the arithmetic sequence whose general term is
an = 3n + 5.
a. 70 b. 60 c. 50 d. 20
6. It is a constant number multiplied to the preceding number to get the next number in a
geometric sequence.
a. Addend c. Common difference
b. Subtrahend d. Common ratio
7. Which of the following sequences is geometric?
a. 4, 16, 32, 256 c. 1.1, 1.01, 1.001, 1.0001, …
b. 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, … d. 2, 6, 18, 54, …

10
8. What is the missing term in the geometric sequence ___, 4, 12, 36,108?

a. 1 b. 3 c. d.
9. Which of the following situation describes a geometric sequence?
a. A culture of bacteria doubles every minute.
b. An employee’s salary is raised by 2,000 every year.
c. A grocery store’s sales increases by 10,000 during holidays.
d. A “balut” vendor sells anywhere from 50 to 100 a day.
10. What is the next term in the sequence 5, 10, 20, 40, … ?
a. 60 b. 80 c. 50 d. 70
11. What is the common ratio of the sequence 5, 5x, 5𝑥2, 5𝑥3, …?
a. x b. 5x c. 5 d. 3
12. In the geometric sequence 54, 18, 6, 2, what is the common ratio?
a. b. - c. d. -
13. What is the fifth term in the geometric sequence 48, 24, 12, … ?
a. 3 b. 1.5 c. 3.5 d. 2.5

14. The second term of a geometric sequence is and the fourth term is 3. What is the
first term?
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3
2 4 8 16
15. The first term of a geometric sequence is 1 and the common ratio is 5. Determine the
least 3-digit number that represents a term of this sequence.
a. 625 b. 999 c. 995 d. 125

11
References:
1. Nivera, Gladys C and Lapinid, Minie Rose C. Grade 10 Mathematics Patterns and
Practicalities . Makati City: Don Bosco Press Inc.
2. Department of Education . Mathematics Learner’s Module ( Grade 10 )
2015 First Edition. Pasig City: REX Book Store Inc.
3. Department of Education, Culture and Sports Mathematics III
Textbook for Third Year High School
4. Dilao, Soledad Jose and Bernabe Julieta G. Intermediate Algebra
Textbook for Second Year
5. Zara, Ivy F. Worktext in Intermediate Algebra 2nd year. 2005 Lipa City:
Eferza Academic Publications
6. Deauna, Melecio C. and Lamayo, Florita C. Integrated Mathematics IV.
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House
7. Larson, Roland E., Kanold, Timothy D. and Stiff, Lee. Algebra 2 An
Integrated Approach. 1998, Illinois: McDougal

12