Name of Learner: _______________________________________ Date: _____________________

Grade Level: ___________________________________________ Section: ___________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

PARALLELISM AND PERPENDICULARITY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

PARALLELISM

PARALLEL LINES, RAYS AND SEGMENTS

 Are coplanar lines, rays and segments that are always the same distance
apart (called “equidistant”), and will never meet intersect, when extended
infinitely in both direction.
 Parallel lines, rays and segments are marked with “feathers” (arrows) such
as > or >>.
 The notation to indicate parallelism are two vertical bars ││.

PROPERTIES OF PARALLEL LINES

When two lines are cut by a transversal line,
the properties below will help us determine
whether the lines are parallel.

1. Two lines cut by a transversal line are parallel when the corresponding
angles are equal. Examples: ∠ 1=∠5 , ∠3=∠7 , ∠ 2=∠6 ,
∠ 4=∠8
2. Two lines cut by a transversal line are parallel when the alternate interior
angles are equal. Examples: ∠ 4=∠5 , ∠3=∠ 6
3. Two lines cut by a transversal line are parallel when the alternate exterior
angles are equal. Examples: ∠ 1=∠8 , ∠ 2=∠7
4. Two lines cut by a transversal line are parallel when the sum of the
consecutive interior angles is 180°.
Examples: ∠ 3+∠5=180° , ∠ 4 +∠6=180°
5. Two lines cut by a transversal line are parallel when the sum of the
consecutive exterior angles is 180°.
 Examples: ∠ 1+∠7=180° , ∠ 2+∠8=180°
PERPENDICULARITY

PERPENDICULAR LINES, SEGMENTS AND RAYS

 Two lines, segments or rays that intersect to form right angles.
 Are marked with a “square” (a box) drawn at the point of intersection.
 The notation to indicate perpendicular lines is .

Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment

 A line or a ray or another line segment that is perpendicular to the line
segment and intersects it at its midpoint.

To prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the following
theorems is true.

1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form four right angles.

2. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their
sides are perpendicular.

3. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides are
perpendicular.
 LEARNING COMPETENCY
 Determines the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or
perpendicular. (M8GE-IV3-1)

EXERCISES/ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1
I. State whether the given pair of lines/segments/rays are parallel. Write a
one-sentence explanation to justify your answer.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

II. Given any two distinct lines on a plane, the lines either intersect or are
parallel. If two lines intersect, then they form angles. Consider the figures
below to answer the questions that follow.

Questions:
1. What is common in the four figures?
2. What makes figure 3 and 4 different from the first two figures?
3. Which among the four figures show perpendicularity?
4. When are lines said to be perpendicular to each other?
5. How useful is the knowledge on perpendicularity in real life? Cite an
example in which perpendicularity is important in real life.

ACTIVITY 2
I. Below are pairs of lines. Mark the necessary parts to indicate and justify
parallelism. Then, write the correct notation.
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.
 II. Refer to the given figure and the given conditions in answering the

succeeding questions. Draw if your answer is YES; otherwise, draw

.
Given:
MI ≅ IL
SE≅ EL
m∠ SEI =90 °
1) Is ML⊥ IS ? _________
2) Is MS ⊥ SL? _________
3) Is SL⊥ ML? _________
4) Are ∠ MSI and ∠ ISL complementary angles? _________
5) Are ∠ MIS and ∠ SIE complementary angles? _________
6) Is IE a perpendicular bisector of SL? _________
7) Do ∠ MIS and ∠ SIL form a linear pair? _________
8) Is the m∠ MIS=90 ° ? _________
9) Is SI shorter than ML? _________
10) Is SI shorter than MS ? _________

ACTIVITY 3
PERFORMANCE TASK:
You are working in a furniture shop as a designer. One day, your immediate
supervisor asked you to make a design of a wooden shoe rack for a new client, who
is a well-known artist in the film industry. In as much as you don’t want to
disappoint your boss, you immediately think and draw a design for his approval.
Draw your design here:
Processing Questions:
1. Based on your design, how will you ensure that the compartments of the
shoe rack are parallel? Describe the different ways to ensure that the
compartments are parallel.
2. Why is there a need to ensure parallelism on the compartments? What
would happen if the compartments are not parallel?
3. How should the sides be positioned in relation to the base of the shoe rack?
Does positioning of the sides in relation to the base matter?
4. In what part of the shoe rack is the concept of perpendicularity applies? How
will you make sure that these parts are really perpendicular?

RUBRIC FOR SCORING (Performance Task)

REFLECTION

I have learned that

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I have difficulty in
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I appreciate
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 REFERENCES

 Learner’s Material in Grade 8 Mathematics

 Teacher’s Guide in Grade 8 Mathematics
 Curriculum Guide in Grade 8 Mathematics
 https://www.storyofmathematics.com/parallel-lines
 https://www.math-only-math.com/properties-of-parallel-lines.html
 https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/ParallelPerp/
PPdefinitions.html
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/perpendicular-parallel.html

ANSWER KEY

Activity 1:
I.
1) The lines are not parallel
2) The lines are not parallel
3) The lines are parallel,
Explanation may vary.
4) The lines are parallel,
Explanation may vary.
5) The lines are parallel,
Explanation may vary.
II.
1) They are all intersecting
lines.
2) Figure 3 and 4 are pairs of
perpendicular lines while
Figure 1 and 2 are pairs of
intersecting lines.
3) Figure 3 and 4
4) Lines are said to be
perpendicular when they
intersect and form right
angles.
5) Answers may vary.