UNIT-II Array, Function and String
****ARRAY:
- Array is used to store set of values in a single variable name.
- Instead of creating multiple variable for storing different values, we can
create single array variable and on which we can keep multiple values.
- Array is a special variable which can hold more than one value at a time.
####Declaration of Array:
- We can use constructor Array() for creation of an array.
- In JavaScript, object and Arrays are handled almost identically.
- Both objects and Arrays can have properties and method.
1) Call it with no arguments:
var a=new Array();
This method will create empty array with no elements.
2) Call it with single numeric argument.
var a=new Array(10);
This method will create array with specified length.
3) Explicitly specify values of array:
var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);
This method will create array with specified elements.
Example:-
//Javascript program which calculate length of array
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
var a1=new Array();
document.write("Length of a1 array is:"+a1.length);
var a2=new Array(10);
document.write("Length of a2 array is:"+a2.length);
var a3=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);
document.write("Length of a3 array is:"+a3.length);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example:
//Javascript program to initialize array elements using subscript and index
number.
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(5);
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
a[3]=40;
a[4]=50;
document.write("Element present at index 0
=>"+a[0]);
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("<br>Element present at index
1 =>"+a[1]);
document.write("<br>Element present at index
2 =>"+a[2]);
document.write("<br>Element present at index
3 =>"+a[3]);
document.write("<br>Element present at index
4 =>"+a[4]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example:
/Javascript program to read and write array element using loop.
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(5);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter array element: "+i));
document.write("<h1>Your Array Elements:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write(a[i]+" ");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example:-
//Sum of Array elements
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(5);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter array element: "+i));
var sum=0;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
sum=sum+a[i];
document.write("<h1>Sum of array elements="+sum);
</script>
</body>
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
</html>
Example:-
//Print array in reverse order
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(5);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));
document.write("<h1>You have entered Array elements:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
document.write(a[i]+" ");
document.write("<h1>Array elements in reverse order:");
for(i=a.length-1;i>=0;i--)
document.write(a[i]+" ");
</script>
</body>
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
</html>
================================================================
###Adding an Array Element:
- Sometime, while running javascript code there is requirement to increase size
of the array.
- We can add elements into array by following two ways:
1) Using push method array
2) Using Length property of array
- Push method is used to add new item to the end of the array and it will
return new length of array.
- Syntax:
ArrayObjName.push(list of elements)
- If you want to add new element at the beginning of an array then we can use
unshift() method array.
- The value of length property of an array can be used as the index for the new
array element.
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(3);
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("Original Array Elements="+a);
a.push(40,50);
document.write("<br>Array Elements after
adding 40 & 50 at last="+a);
a.unshift(5);
document.write("<br>Array Elements after
adding 5 at beginning="+a);
a[a.length]=60;
document.write("<br>Array Elements after
adding 60 at last="+a);
</script>
</body>
</html>
================================================================
####Sorting Array Elements:
- To arrange the array elements in some proper order(it may be ascending or
descending) is known as sorting.
- To elements of an array can be sorted by using sort() method of an array.
- Syntax:
ArrayObjName.sort()
- By default sort() method will generates output in ascending order.
- If we want to display output in descending order then we have to use
reverse() method after sort() method.
- Example:
<html>
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(40,20,50,10,90);
document.write("<h1>Initial array elements:"+a);
a.sort();
document.write("<br>Array elements in acending order:"+a);
a.reverse();
document.write("<br>Array elements in descending order:"+a);
var b=new Array(40.20,20.10,50.5,10.7,90.3);
document.write("<br><br>Initial array elements:"+b);
b.sort();
document.write("<br>After sorting array elements:"+b);
var c=new Array("pune","thane","solapur","tasgaon","latur");
document.write("<br><br>Initial array elements:"+c);
c.sort();
document.write("<br>After sorting array elements:"+c);
</script>
</body>
</html>
================================================================
####: Combing Array Elements into a String:
- Sometime there is need to combine all elements of array into a single string.
- For example:
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
var numbers=new Array("one","two","three");
- By combining the array elements means to display contents of all array
elements as string.
- For example: "one,two,three"
-We can combine array elements by using two different ways
1) Using concat() method:
- In this method we can combine two or more array elements together but its
is separated by comma.
- Syntax:
ArrayObjName.concat();
ArrayObjName.concat(ArrayObj2,ArrayObj3...);
2) Using join() method:
- Here, we can combine elements of arrays and it is separated by specified
separator.
- Syntax:
ArrayObjName.join([separator])
- slice() method:
- By using this method we can retrieve any particular elements list from the
given array.
- Syntax:
ArrayObjName.slice(startindex,endindex-1);
-Example:
<html>
<body>
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var items=new Array("one","two","three");
//join() method
var s1=items.join()
document.write(s1);
var s2=items.join('-')
document.write("<br>"+s2);
//concat() method
var s3=items.concat();
document.write("<br>"+s3);
var num=new Array("four","five","six");
var s4=items.concat(num);
document.write("<br>"+s4);
//slice() method
var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90);
document.write("<br>"+a.slice(2,7));
</script>
</body>
</html>
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
//join() method
var num=new Array("One","Two","Three");
var s1=num.join();
document.write("<h1>S1 => "+s1);
var s2=num.join('-');
document.write("<h1>S2 => "+s2);
//concat() method
var items=new Array("Pen","Pencil","Eraser");
var s3=items.concat();
document.write("<h1>S3 => "+s3);
var lang=new Array("C Lang","Java Lang","Python Lang");
var s4=items.concat(lang);
document.write("<h1>S4 => "+s4);
//slice() method
var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100);
var s5=a.slice(3,8);
document.write("<h1>S5 => "+s5);
</script>
</body>
</html>
/*
output
=======
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
S1 => One,Two,Three
S2 => One-Two-Three
S3 => Pen,Pencil,Eraser
S4 => Pen,Pencil,Eraser,C Lang,Java Lang,Python Lang
S5 => 40,50,60,70,80
*/
================================================================
####: Changing elements of an Array:
- We can change the elements of an array by using different methods.
- By using shift() method, we can remove beginning element of array.
- By using pop() method, we can remove last element of an array.
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);
document.write("Original Array Elements:"+a);
a.shift()
document.write("<br>Array Elements after
deleting first:"+a);
a.pop();
document.write("<br>Array Elements after
deleting last:"+a);
</script>
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
</body>
</html>
Example: Array Insertion
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(10);
var N=parseInt(prompt("How much element wants to store on
Array:"));
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));
document.write("<h1>Array Elements before insertion:");
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
document.write(a[i]+"\t");
var x=parseInt(prompt("Enter Value for insertion:"));
var Loc=parseInt(prompt("Enter Location for insertion:"));
for(i=N-1;i>=Loc-1;i--)
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
a[i+1]=a[i];
a[Loc-1]=x;
N++;
document.write("<h1>Array Elements after insertion:");
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
document.write(a[i]+"\t");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example: Array Deletion
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var a=new Array(10);
var N=parseInt(prompt("How much element wants to store on
Array:"));
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("<h1>Array Elements before deletion:");
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
document.write(a[i]+"\t");
var Loc=parseInt(prompt("Enter location for deletion:"));
for(i=Loc-1;i<N-1;i++)
a[i]=a[i+1];
N--;
document.write("<h1>Array Elements after deletion:");
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
document.write(a[i]+"\t");
</script>
</body>
</html>
================================================================
#### Function:
- Function is a part of main program.
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
- Function is a block of statements that will help us to solve the particular task.
- There are two different types of functions
1) Build-in functions - those functions which are already defined in javascript.
Examples are write(), prompt(), alert(), etc.
2) User defined functions - those functions which are defined by user.
- Syntax: Function Definition
//function without arguments
function function_name()
//block of code
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function Welcome()
document.write("This is user defined
function without arguments!!!");
Welcome();
</script>
</body>
</html>
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
//function with arguments
function function_name(Parameter-list)
//block of code
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function Addition(a,b)
document.write("Addition
of two numbers="+(a+b));
Addition(100,200);
</script>
</body>
</html>
- Syntax: Calling Function
function_name(); //calling function without
argument
function_name(argument-list); //calling function with
argument
- Example-1:
<html>
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function CheckEvenOdd() //function definition
var no;
no=parseInt(prompt("Enter any Number:"));
if(no%2==0)
document.write("Number is EVEN");
else
document.write("Number is ODD");
CheckEvenOdd(); //calling function
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example-2:
<html>
<body>
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function CalcSquare(no) //function definition
var result=no*no;
document.write("Square of given number="+result);
CalcSquare(12); //calling function
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example-3:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function AreaOfCircle() //function definition
var area,radius;
radius=parseInt(prompt("Enter Radius of Circle:"));
area=(3.14*radius*radius);
return area;
z=AreaOfCircle(); //calling function
document.write("Area of Circle="+z);
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
</script>
</body>
</html>
================================================================
###STRING:
- String is a collection of characters which contains alphabets, numbers or
special symbols.
- We can represent string by using single or double quoto.
- String data type provided in the javascript to represent text.
- We can create String object by using String constructor.
- Example:
var str1=new String(); //empty string
var str2=new String("VJTech Academy")
- We can create string by assign value on variable.
- Example:
var s1="VJTech";
var s2='VJTech';
***Methods:
1) Calculate length of string
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str1="VJTech Academy";
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("Length of
String="+str1.length);
</script>
</body>
</html>
2) Concatenation of String:
- To merge two string together is known as concatenation means store second
string after the first string.
- In Javascript, we can concate two strings by using two different ways.
I) By using + operator
var str1="VJTech";
var str2="Academy";
var str3=str1+str2;
str3="VJTechAcademy"
II) By using concat() method
var str1=new String("VJTech");
var str2=new String("Academy");
var str3=str1.concat(str2);
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str1="VJTech";
var str2="Academy";
var str3=str1+str2;
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("Concatenated
String="+str3);
var s1=new String("VJTech");
var s2=new String("Academy");
var s3=s1.concat(s2);
document.write("<br>Concatenated
String="+s3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
3) Retrieving character from given position:
- String is an array of characters.
- We already aware about that every characters of string has associated its
own index.
- By using charAt() method, we can retrieve any particular character from the
String.
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str1="VJTech";
document.write("Character
present at index 0="+str1.charAt(0));
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write("<br>Character
present at index 1="+str1.charAt(1));
document.write("<br>Character present
at index 2="+str1.charAt(2));
document.write("<br>Character present
at index 3="+str1.charAt(3));
document.write("<br>Character present
at index 4="+str1.charAt(4));
document.write("<br>Character present
at index 5="+str1.charAt(5));
</script>
</body>
</html>
4) Retrieving position of characters in string:
- In JavaScript, we have two methods that can be used for retrieving the
position of particular character in given string.
- indexOf() - this method will return position of the first occurrence of
character in given string. It will return -1 if character is not present in given
string.
- search() - this method search string for the specified value and it will return
the position of match. It will return -1 if character is not present in given string.
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str1="VJTech Academy";
var L1=str1.indexOf('T');
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
document.write(" Character 'A'
found at position="+L1);
var L2=str1.search('Academy');
document.write("<br>'Academy'
found at position="+L2);
</script>
</body>
</html>
5) Dividing Text:
- Here, we can use split() method for dividing the text.
- In this method , we can provide separator/delimiter and on the basis of that
split method will divide given string.
- The concat method is used to combine two string object together whereas
split() method is used to divide given string on the basis of provided separator.
- Syntax:
StringObjName.split(Separator,limit);
- Where:
separator - it is optional argument which is character that use for
divide the given string.
limit- it is optional argument which is used to limit how much
elements returned to an array.
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
var str="How are you?";
var s1=str.split();
document.write(s1);
var s2=str.split("o");
document.write("<br>"+s2);
var s3=str.split(" ",2);
document.write("<br>"+s3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
6) Copying a Substring:
- If we want to retrieve small portion of given string then we can use
substring() and substr() javascript methods.
I) substring():
- this method will retrieve the characters between start index and end index.
- Syntax:
StringObjName.substring(startindex,endindex);
- This method will retrieve the characters which are present between
startindex to endindex-1;
- here, endindex is optional argument, if we have not passed then it will
consider last index as end index.
II) substr():
- This method will extracts the charcaters from the string which is starting from
startindex and end with specified length.
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
-Syntax:
StringObjName.substr(startindex,length);
- Example:
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str="JavaScript is a Scripting
language.";
document.write(str.substring(16,25));
document.write("<br>"+str.substring(16));
document.write("<br>"+str.substr(16,9))
</script>
</body>
</html>
7) Changing the case of the string:
- JavaScript provides two methods which will helps us to manipulate the case
of string:
I) toLowerCase():
- This method is used to convert all characters of given string into Lower Case.
II) toUpperCase():
- This method is used to convert all characters of given string into Upper Case.
-Example:
<html>
<body>
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str="VJTech Academy";
document.write("Lower
case:"+str.toLowerCase());
document.write("<br>Upper
case:"+str.toUpperCase());
</script>
</body>
</html>
8) Converting String to Number:
- In this section ,we can see how to convert given string into number.
- following are the methods which we can use for converting string to number:
I) parseInt()
- This method will convert given string into integer number.
- Example:
var str='123';
var a=parseInt(str); //it will return 123
II) parseFloat():
- This method will convert given string into float number.
- Example:
var str='123.45';
var s=parseFloat(str); // it will return 123.45
III) Number():
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
- This method is used to convert string into number.
- This method will work for complete number and decimal number.
-Example:
var str1='98';
var str2='157.98';
var a1=Number(str1); //it will return 98
var a2=Number(str2); //it will return 157.98
9) Converting Numbers to String:
- In javascript, we have two different ways to convert numbers to string.
I) toString():
- This method is used to convert given number into string.
- Number can be decimal or integers.
- Example:
var num1=100;
var str1=num1.toString(); //it will return'100'
var num2=145.50;
var str2=num2.toString(); //it will return '145.50'
II) Contenation Operator (+):
- We can use + operator to convert given number to string.
- Example:
var num=100;
var str=num+" ";
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
10) Finding Unicode of Character:
- In this section, we can retrieve ASCII value of given character and also we can
try to retrieve character from given ASCII.
- Following methods are required:
I) charCodeAt():
- This method is used to retrieve ASCII value of given character.
- Syntax:
StringObjName.charCodeAt([position]);
- For example, suppose given character is 'A' then by using above method we
will get its corresponding ASCII code 65.
II) fromCharCode():
- This method is used to retrieve character from given ASCII value.
- For example, suppose given ASCII value is 65 then then by using above
method we will get its corresponding character 'A'.
<html>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var str="VJTech Academy";
document.write("ASCII Value of
A="+str.charCodeAt(7));
document.write("<br>Character Value of
ASCII 65="+String.fromCharCode(65));
</script>
</body></html>
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
UNIT-II Array, Function and String
Inspiring Your Success
VJTech Academy…
Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).
