Computer Education

Quarter 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Introduction to Computer

KATHERINE C. ROSAS
WRITER

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7
FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 1
Computer Evolution

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, philosopher and inventor born on
December 26, 1791, in London, England. He was known for his contributions to the first
mechanical computers, which laid the groundwork for more complex future designs.
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
Nowadays, a computer can be used to type documents, send email, play games, and
browse the Web. It can also be used to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even
videos. But the evolution of this complex system started around 1940 with the first
Generation of Computer and evolving ever since.

There are five generations of computers:

1. FIRST GENERATION: VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire
rooms. These computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation
computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered
to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
2. SECOND GENERATION: TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
The world would see transistors replace vacuum tubes in the second
generation of computers. The transistor was invented at Bell Labs in 1947 but
did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers
to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable
than their first-generation predecessors.
3. THIRD GENERATION: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.

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 An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a
semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the
1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild
Semiconductor.
4. FOURTH GENERATION: MICROPROCESSORS (1971-PRESENT)
The microprocessor ushered in the fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in
the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the
computer from the central processing unit and memory to input/output
controls on a single chip.
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked
together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the
Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the
mouse and handheld devices.
5. FIFTH GENERATION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (PRESENT AND BEYOND)
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are
still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will
radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-
generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language
input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Learning Task 1: Comparison of the Generations of Computer

Using the table below, compare the features of the generations of computer.
GENERATIONS YEARS CIRCUITRY EXAMPLES (At least 2)

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

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Learning Task 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of each Generation of Computer
Determine the advantages and disadvantages of each generation of computer. Use
the table below for your answer.

Generations Advantages Disadvantages

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Reflection:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:
https://www.biography.com/inventor/charles-babbage
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generations-of-computer/
https://www.webopedia.com/insights/generations-of-computers/

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7

FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 2-3
Fundamentals of Computer System

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

Information processing cycle is a set of steps, that computer follows to receive and
process the data according to instructions, display the resulting information to the user, and
store.

The Phases of Information Processing Cycle:

1. INPUT – is entering of raw data into the computer and can be done by utilizing various
hardware.

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 2. PROCESSING – the computer processing devices perform action on data according to
instructions.
3. OUTPUT - Computer sends information to people in a usable format or form.

Figure 1. Information Processing Cycle

Computer system is a collection of different parts that are designed to receive, process,
manage, and present meaningful information format.

There are three elements of computer system:

1. HARDWARE are the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer system.

Major hardware components of a computer system:

 System Unit
 Input Devices

Figure 2. Input Devices

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 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Primary Memory (RAM and ROM)
 Secondary Memory (hard disk, optical disk, flash disk)

Figure 3. Storage Devices

 Output Devices

Figure 4. Output devices

2. SOFTWARE is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and

instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides
the basic nontask-specific functions of the computer, and application software which
is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.

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 3. PEOPLEWARE refers to the role of people in the computing process. While hardware
and software make up a computer system, both are designed to be used by humans.
Anyone who designs, develops, or uses computer systems plays an important role in
the computing process and may be considered peopleware.

Learning Task 3: Information Processing Cycle

Give at least three (3) examples for each phase of the Information Processing Cycle.
See the first example as your guide.
Input Processing Output
Organized data for
Typing of random data Sorting of data
storing/printing

Learning Task 4: Input, Output and Storage Devices

Sort the following devices found inside the box according to their category. Write your
answer in the table below.
Speaker RAM Scanner
Mouse Microphone Hard disk
Compact disk ROM Keyboard
Monitor Headphones Projectors
Printer Web camera Flash drive

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

Learning Task 5: Elements of Computer System

Sort the following words found inside the box according to their category. Write your
answer in the table below.
Engineer RAM Scanner
Mouse Microphone Hard disk
Compact disk ROM Keyboard
Monitor 7
Headphones Projectors
Printer Web camera Flash drive
 Hardware Software Peopleware

Performance Task 1: Elements of a Computer System

Create a portfolio about the elements of a computer system. Examples of each
element must have a picture/illustration, description and its uses. See example below:

ELEMENTS Computer
OF A Hardware
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
Description
____________
Uses
NAME & SECTION ____________

Title Page Subtitle Page Page 1

Note: You may add some designs or change the paging depending on your preferences.

Reflection:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Sources:
http://teachergelo.blogspot.com/2016/11/grade-7-notes-1-lesson-1-understanding.html
https://www.just.edu.jo/~mqais/CIS99/PDF/Ch.01_Introduction_%20to_computers.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhez4M2Xagk
https://pc.net/glossary/definition/peopleware
https://planningtank.com/computer-applications/information-processing-cycle
https://www.globalyouthvoice.com/computer-class-7-computer-hardware/
https://www.learncomputerscienceonline.com/central-processing-unit/

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7
FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 4
The Operating System

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

Operating system is a program which acts as an interface between a computer
hardware and a user of the computer. It provides such an environment in which a user may
execute programs. Basically, there are two goals of an operating system, the primary goal is
to make computer system convenient to use and a secondary goal is to use the computer
hardware in an effective manner. OS helps in file management, program execution, system
management and memory management. The internal structure of operating system is divided
into three layers. The outermost layer is called user interface and innermost layer is hardware.

Main Layers in an Operating System:

Layers in an Operating System is defined as the software which provides interface

between different components of the computer. The following five-layer model is often used
in an Operating System.
1. Kernel. It connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. Hence, it
manages memory access for programs in the RAM. It also allocates processor time and
memory to each program and determines when each program will run.
2. Memory Management. It is responsible for starting the physical memory of the
computer between processes and handling programs which require more memory
than physically available.
3. Input/Output. This layer controls all physical communication with external devices
like disk drive, keyboard, printer and display. If a higher layer require access to a
device, a request is sent to the I/O layer.
4. File Management System. It is also known as file system. It is responsible for
organizing and managing the storage of data on permanent media such as hard and
floppy disk drives and tape streamers.
5. User Interface. It is defined as the space where interaction between human and
machine occurs. There are two types of user interface: the text-based Command Line
Interface (CLI), used in MS-Dos and LINUX, and the icon-based Graphical User Interface
(GUI), used in windows and Apple Mac OS.

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Learning Task 6: The Windows Operating System Interface
Label the parts of the desktop Windows OS interface then define each part in the table
below.

1
2 3 4

10 9 8
7 6

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 PARTS DEFINITION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Learning Task 7: The Operating System

Read and analyze each question. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Compare the Windows OS and the Mac OS.

2. Which OS is the best? Why do you say so?

3. What is the function of the OS in a computer?

4. What do you think will happen if OS is not created?

5. Compare the Command Line Interface and the Graphic User Interface.

Reflection:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:
https://www.studyadda.com/notes/7th-class/computers-science/understanding-basic-concepts-of-operating-
system/basic-concepts-of-operating-system/13248
https://sites.google.com/site/mrhaltonsictwebsite/year-7-ict/lesson-2-understanding-operating-systems
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5323412/
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-operating-systems/1/

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7
FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 5
Keyboard Skills Development

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

A keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a computer. Similar to an
electric typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons used to create letters, numbers, and
symbols, and perform additional functions. A computer keyboard is considered an input
device because it only sends data to a computer and does not receive any information from
it. As you type on the keyboard, you're inputting information into the computer.

Functions of a Keyboard:
1. Enter commands in a command line or another CLI
2. Use keyboard shortcuts to perform tasks more quickly.
3. Use the function keys to perform tasks.
4. Control computer hardware.
5. Use the arrow keys to move the text cursor on the screen.
6. Use the arrow keys to move a character in a game.
7. Use the numeric keypad to make calculations in a calculator.

Parts of the Keyboard:

1. Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number,
punctuation, and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.
2. Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to
perform certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are Ctrl, Alt, the
Windows logo key, and Esc.
3. Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labeled
as F1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from
program to program.
4. Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages
and editing text. They include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down,
Delete, and Insert.
5. Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The
keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding
machine.

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 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/using-your-keyboard-18b2efc1-9e32-ba5a-0896-676f9f3b994f

Proper Hand Typing

Your left-hand fingers should be placed over the A, S, D, and F keys, and the right-hand fingers
should be placed over the J, K, L, and ; keys. These keys are considered the home row keys. Your thumbs
should either be in the air or very lightly touching the spacebar key.

Learning Task 8: Keyboard Parts and Functions

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 Analyze this picture. Label and write each part, function, and keys involved in the table.

3 2 4 5

Part Function Keys Involved

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Learning Task 9: Proper Hand Typing

Find the letters that are typed in incorrect hand typing. Encircle the error/s then write on the blank
on how you will correct the error/s.
Legends: Red – means left hand typing Blue – means right hand typing

1. A P P L E
2. C O M P U T E R
3. K E Y B O A R D
4. W I N D O W S
5. T Y P I N G

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Performance Task 2: Proper Hand Typing of Complete Name
Upload a 1-minute video of your hand while properly typing your first name, middle name, and
surname in the google classroom.

Grading Table:

Description Grade

Fast and have no mistakes 100

Fast and have at most 2 mistakes 95

Average speed and have at most 2 mistakes 93

Average speed and have at most 4 mistakes 90

Slow to average speed and have more than 5
85
mistakes

Reflection:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/using-your-keyboard-18b2efc1-9e32-ba5a-0896-
676f9f3b994f
https://en.softonic.com/download/typer-shark-deluxe/windows/post-download

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7

FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 6
Mouse Skills Development

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

Mouse is a pointing input device of computer. Mouse help to control cursor that is
visible on the computer screen while moving the mouse on flat surface place. Its name was
originated by its shape that look as mouse, because it has elliptical shaped with mouse tail.
Mouse reduces usability of a keyboard. computer mouse. Traditional mouse was connected
with computer through cable or cord, but now these days in the market have to various
mouse are available such as wireless mouse, those mice do not need any physical wire to

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make connection with computer. In technology time, some mouse has some extra buttons
for performing other special tasks.
Douglas Engelbart is computer mouse inventor. He was as a successful person, to
moving cursor on the computer screen. This mouse had been made by wood in rectangle size,
and one button embedded on the upper left corner side.

Uses of Mouse:
1. Movement mouse cursor
2. Selection
3. Drag
4. Hovering
5. Scroll up and down
6. Program execution
7. Editing
8. Playing game
9. Combination activities
10. Operate video and audio

Types of Mice:

https://lonethouts.blogspot.com/2016/12/types-of-computer-mouse-devices.html

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Parts and Functions of the Mouse:
1. Cable wire – connects to USB port on computer.
2. Wheel – to scroll up or down the page or menu.
3. Left click – to move the cursor or select an object.
4. Right click – to open context sensitive menus.
5. Palm rest – is where palm rests.

Holding and Moving the Mouse

Place your mouse beside your keyboard on a clean, smooth surface, such as a mouse
pad. Hold the mouse gently with your index finger resting on the primary button and you
thumb resting on the side. To move the mouse, slide it slowly in any direction. Don't twist it—
keep the front of the mouse aimed away from you. As you move the mouse, a pointer (see
picture) on your screen moves in the same direction. If you run out of room to move your
mouse on your desk or mouse pad, just pick up the mouse and bring it back closer to you.

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 https://peda.net/kenya/ass/subjects2/computer-studies/form-1/the-computer-system
Mouse Actions
1. Clicking (single-clicking)
To click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then press and release
the primary button (usually the left button).
2. Double-clicking
To double-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then click twice
quickly. If the two clicks are spaced too far apart, they might be interpreted as two
individual clicks rather than as one double-clicks.
3. Right-clicking
To right-click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then press and
release the secondary button (usually the right button).
4. Dragging
To move an object, place the mouse cursor over it, press and hold down the
left mouse button, then move the mouse while still holding down the left mouse
button. When you have "dragged" the object to the location you want, let go of the
mouse button.

Learning Task 10: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences by looking for the correct answer inside the box.
1. ___________ to see pages above.
2. ___________ to see pages below.
3. To select text, __________ the left button then move the mouse pointer.
4. With a laptop computer, plug in a mouse, or use the ___________ near the
keyboard.
5. To play some games, you need to use a ___________ instead of a mouse.
6. To move up and down a page, you can ___________ the mouse wheel.
7. This mouse doesn’t have a ball, it is an ___________ mouse.
8. One click of a mouse button is called a __________ click.
9. Two clicks of a mouse button are called a ___________ click.
10. To open the folder, you have to __________ click it or click the __________ button
to select open on the menu.
Scroll up click Scroll down
point touchpad touch menu
joystick roll optical
double single left
right light pen mouse

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Performance Task 3: Picture with Labels
Have a picture of your keyboard and mouse at home then insert labels on each of
the picture based on the given parts below:
Total score: 18 (1 point each label)

 Keyboard:
1. Function keys
2. Alphanumeric keys
- Number row
- Top row
- Home row
- Bottom row
3. Navigation keys
4. Control keys
5. Numeric keypad (not required)

 Mouse:
1. Right button
2. Left button
3. Wheel
4. Palm rest
5. Cable wire / USB receiver
o Placement of fingers:
6. Thumb
7. Index
8. Middle
9. Ring
10. Pinky

Reflection:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:

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https://digitalthinkerhelp.com/what-is-computer-mouse-and-their-types-functions/
https://software.isrg.org.uk/vipi/flyswat/FlySwatIndex.html
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/mousetutorial/mouse-tutorial/1/
http://www.pbclibrary.org/mousing/click4.htm#:~:text=To%20move%20an%20object%2C%
20place,go%20of%20the%20mouse%20button.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN TLE 7

FIRST QUARTER – WEEK 7
The History, Present, and Future of Computers

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS

Timeline of Computers
1. Earliest Computers
- Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was
computers.
- The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a
person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word
continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.
2. Tally Sticks
- was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers,
quantities, or even messages.
3. Abacus
- An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing
mathematical calculations.
4. Napier’s Bones
- Invented by John Napier in 1614.
- Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots
by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.
5. Slide Rule
- Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
- Used primarily for
– multiplication
– division
– roots
– logarithms
– Trigonometry
6. Pascaline
- Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.

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 - It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.
7. Jacquard Loom
- The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard
in 1881. It an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.
8. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
- It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial
functions. Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834. It is the first
mechanical computer
9. Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
- It was the first electronic digital computing device. Invented by Professor
John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State University
between 1939 and 1942.
10. Generations of Computer
- There are five generations of computer.
- First: Vacuum tubes 1946-1958
- Second: Transistors 1959-1964
- Third: Integrated circuits 1965-1970
- Fourth: Microprocessors 1971-today
- Fifth: Artificial Intelligence today-future

Performance Task 4: Discussion about the History, Present, and Future of Computers
Create a discussion paper about, “How computers will evolve in the future?”
Format:
 First paragraph – Introduction of the history of computers and their constant
evolution today.
Answer these questions and make these as your guide in doing the first paragraph:
1. What is computer?
2. How did computer start?
3. How computer being learned today?
4. What are the advantages of computer?

 Second paragraph – Discuss your researches on the internet about the evolution of
computers in the future.
Answer these questions and make these as your guide in doing the second
paragraph:
1. What is the latest news about computers? Its hardware? Its software?
2. Who are the famous people in the field of computers nowadays?
3. What will happen to computers in the next 10 years?

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 4. What are the disadvantages of the advancement of computers?

 Third paragraph – Conclusion about the history of computers and their constant
evolution today and in the future.
Answer these questions and make these as your guide in doing the third paragraph:
1. How did the history of computers affect the present of computers? Design?
Programs?
2. What is happening in the present of computers that may affect the future of
computers? Design? Programs?
3. If computer is not invented in the past, what do you think people may use in
calculations, documentation, storing, etc.? At the present? In the future?
Rubric:

Reflection:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0101_ch01.pdf
*https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html

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