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translate ( v.): to render into another language, to interpret; to explain

by using other words; to express in other tenns

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EN 322 1
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translate (v.): to change speech or writing into another language

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and, reconstructing it using th lexicon and the grammatical structure which
are appropriate in the receptor anguage and its cultural context."
(Larson, 1984: 3)

2 EN322
 "Translation is a craft consisting of the attempt to replace a written message
and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in
another language." (Newmark, 1981: 7)

"Translation is a process by which a spoken or written utterance takes place in

one language which is intended and presumed to convey the same meaning
as a previously existing utterance in another language. " (Rabin, 19 8 0:
123)

"Translation is often considered as a code-switching operation implying that a

sequence of symbols from one language is substituted for a sequence of
symbols in another language." (Seleskovitch, 1976: 1)

"Translation is the general tenn referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas
from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are
in written or oral fonn; whether the languages have established orthographies
or do not have such standardization, or whether one or both languages is
based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf." (Brislin, ed., 1976:
1)

"Translating means basically that a person, the translator, who has a certain
competency of a language 1, and also a certain competency of a language 2,
attempts to produce for a given text of language 1 and equivalent text in
language 2, which is the translation." (Eppert, 1976: 1)

"Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest

natural equivalent of the source-language message, flrst in tenns of meaning
and secondly in tenns of style." (Nida and Taber, 1974: 12)

EN 322 3
 "Translation is the replacement of a text in one language by a representation of
an equivalent text in a second Jan uage." (Hatmann and St~rk, 1972: 713)

"Translation is an operation perfo ed on languages: A process of sub- .

stituting a text in one language f4 a text in another." ( Catford, 1965: 1)

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EN 322 11
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12 EN322
 3. 't1q'tfQfl1'UUn61 ~1ULLUatn~u1::Lil't1LUUaUA1~L\Ju1uOl1~01::'U1Un110'1a10'1
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EN322 13
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UOLLUft LtiU U~U Lll 1utt1 ll1i' LfiLtllli'

(Charles R. Taber) 1fl1,;''Htl'n1un11iL n=~illfl11JJUat'Han1um1iifl11JJI11ti1 lfltl

LiitJuLtlUU\I\J~1all~ ( model)!lll~n1t\J1 n11U\Ja1i'i~d

Source Language Receptor Language

Text Text
t
Analysis Restructuring
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(Model, Nlda & aber,. 1974: 484)

14 EN322

I •
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L"nin~L'lJl ~LLUU~liUl~U LfltiOlL~U'lJU~10fl1BfJ1~91B l·\JU
13

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ll1"rJ1fi'UO\l\l . 111V10U\ILL\Ja
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.. .,
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L\J~!l'Uiil1ni11V1~~~

t
Lflufinmv1~d~
------+ -----
'hu ijiUOl,Ol LDll ini'uu (Mildred M. Larson) umLtJaan~l1d~lot'l1-i'LL~U.tlij
" "
(diagram) lun,~tJ1UOl,LLtJali'ol'~;f

Source Language Receptor Language

~
Text k> be
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:

\ 1
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:
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the meaning the meaning

~-~...-·--//
(Diagram, Larson, 1984: 4)

EN 322 15
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~~
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LLUit9J11Jfli}1!1QfJl1UHIJ1fl (Theory of Sense) ~i1 011LLtlit flil 011fhEJ'rlilfl
fl111J,IJ1EJ 1u1!ln11fhEJil11:f1 (Transcod ge) LLtiLMEJ~Drh~LfiEJ1

16 EN322
 vezy modified inconsistent near unduly
literal literal literal mixture idiomatic idiomatic · free

(Diagram, Larson, 1984: 15)

~~111ti1lrtt1L;flfl'l1 LUU011LLtlaLL\J\JVI1~m1/
011LLtlaLL1J'U Literal Translation

utlauuufhviafh 1 utlauuuVJ1JJm1crnti1 Lflum,utlaluantitu:itliaat~fhluanl11ti1

""""'"" l ., . . . , ., ·t.,
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I
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tVJett11tlLLa1unLLtlaJn~:LLtlatuuuu Modified Literal JJ1nn·h f1a iim1
Ltl~fJUlfl"i~iti'1~'YI1~11fJ101WLLa:m"iLithU1~L Ul11ti1Q,j'\J LLt.Ja~~L tJU01"iLt.JfitJUL ~B
.... ..I l" ..I t.J t.JI .. .. l ...r.
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01:Ju~VJ1JJ 011LLUaLLU\Jif~J~~£lfi11JJ'MJJ1tlhiifiL~U'WBLLa:n1"iLiil1ti1~J~12-iLUU
6"i"iJJ~~
VJ1JJ,;'f1u:t1a~a1i'iu Lih'HJJ1tltlcl~011LLtla~il A£l 01'SLLUa!tilfl Idiomatic
Translation ~~Ltlum'SLLt.Jamil11ti1~Ltluti'S"iJJ?flii,f~t u~1ulfl'S~iti'1~'YI1~bmn1wua:
...... ., l' .. "'
tU011LLtl aLL\J\JUI11ti1'YI
.3 .I I .. "'
L!f~: JJL'MJJBUO\JLLuaJJ1LLVJ~:L'MJJ£lUO\J011

.,. J L ~ 1"'
Ltlt1Uti\UJ1 UI111:11UUL£l~ LLfimh~ 10VI1JJ
tJ ..l!fl-.., !'I
011LL aVJ1JJ'YILuU~"i~JJOLuUfl11eJB'Ue.t81U

tiu1::wh~n11"tlaffii~ Literal tivffii~ Idiomatic

EN 322 17
 £bum1utJauuu Free Translati n ~fin1tJ~uo-nfu Unduly Free Ju Lflum1
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II
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li'JZ l.tfll.Jti1'nLuU611lltf1VI il1ULtJ1
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1

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..........
L'lf
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1
Lflu-.,amflun11Ui'u (A(laptation) 1ll ft11LLtJa (Translation) nmflum1\h1tJl"lf
tJ1:lfJtf'\l' (Usage) luatJuuu'H~~ vnol'1 r.h~ Ltiu ~a~1UL~il~ fltUHqj~il1n1 1li1'11~1U
.I
LL-ua f'l "'
LLfiLuUn11AA&& tliJ~I.f'IElil1f1EIVIUw
I ,. ., " ULuU'Han
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ll1Y4EIUfi1L1il~
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I .: ; .. ...

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lulcyf111c;l'1ath~s'ff111Uiln1'1fflw nf ~~~flthlV~EJn1ll'ni'Y4daun1~ihyqp
ft1Z'n11~Y41NtfEJ (Y4qtill1flJJ 2538) fllf111ti'B 7 i~LREI10U~1U111W011JJ1Z'4Li
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~il'f'lJ1"1ll1~ ufim.h~11nii ~acycy1n IQ\htiavm1u1~ lV~v~n~cy1fiiQ:n'f'lJ1VILflu
~nvantiwrl'nti1"

18 EN322
 I; ..a .... "' ") l UOT'm1"ULtl a~~Nflil
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EN 322 19
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~lULL a\1flfi1'UiftO~tu:: 3 1:: 1 fi~U

1. &BsSsltl 1hltnilfl'la.i~flti' Li\~~;~ lJ.i6Jflfi112J'H2J1f.l fi112Jfi1\Jtl1U lJJ

olflviilflf1Utla~li~fllt1~1nvi' QU\J iD~1~viilfi'ugJtJ
2. ,r,.,vu lln1~1~Lill~1t1 l 'rhn12J la.iiliD~1ilf.ltlil~ll1~1Lii2J
3. & Ut17711fl1, ~1UUtJ.....
fJ ... ..
ft\1flll1 19lil~ifa::ifa1f.l l~·.,
2JHU'Hft01l1ti1'llil~ijil1U
"'

1l'nutJa~iifl11ilf!tu&t2Juii11an 1 .r~viDltJd
1. unutJafi'il~j'jf1112JLifl11f'ltyl ll1ti111;8 "fl1111&ri~n1'tl1" Ldil~::ut.Jafi'D~ii
.. zs II ., tJ ., tJ l"I ... . .
fi112JJ'rl~ll1~19lUQ\J\JUa::ll1~1Q\J\JU a f.l1~f1Lf.lf.I2JLVUJ~::U a flilf.l1~~09lil~
...
.0113
I . II II

ll1~1il!h~iiLiJu,.. ftil vi'a~Lill~lfl1~ifm e~ll1ti1 Lti'1l~1l't1 (sense) ua::fi112J'H2J1fJ

(meaning) tJB~Il1~1
.. t ...
9lftilfi~UL'lJ1 ~a~ ta1Uti112Jtlil~L~1'llil~ll1~1UU
.. lS
1 LLa::if12J11CI
..
chf:l'rlilflililn2J11fler.h~\]nt~a~ !ffiL~u
.. ., ..a ..... ., .. . .. "
~\1" •fl'lf'rliftl\111a1uflu2Jil~'ll12J flil A11112
.. "

20 EN322
1un1'111UIJfJB~tJIU l'Uf11'SLLtla~J1f11l1~1B~f1()~JJ1Lfl'UI11~11'riV a~uJ··h~LLtla~~i'l11~1
Ql !11 I .... I II
a~nq~Luuam~~LLflm J.flll1~1LLJJ
1 I II . I ...
flfl 1 ..
n1~1 'rlv~wa
c$ e
n~~'rl1
l \H1'ULLtl" auuaanJJ1~
II :; " ....
1,j1~

2. unu " " 1·''"

"' tl a~a~7Bll7&&a:: H7 U'rl~:auuumL . . ~ .... "
"""" !fl .., tl a'rl~~a~tn'Uti11Vl 'Uf11'S\11fi11JJ'S"
" " " "
-sauvi1 ~~~~ti1vl..;'ut1a1~arh~nnvia~
"
3. Ut1LLtla~f'ivj'a~nJ'utfneJu ~1'ULLtlaLflufi'n~~~vj'a~iJm.Ju fi~iJf1JJ1f1ifuL,j1h
n~~a~el~wa1~uava~L,jiJu m-siJn~u~~,;,l..;'utla1~nnia~ . aa~ifa1v LLa~ti'S~W~
"
thl..;'~1'ULLtlaLtl'Uflati~~LL,)'~;~

111~1i~nq~LflUI11~11'rlv 111~1i~nq~ · L~vn11 n1111ltl \1~fll11~1vi'u'rl1~ a1u111~1

1'riV L~Vf111 n1111111 \1~£:1111~1tla1V'rl1~ i~I11Wfialtlif

Source language ( SL) Target language (TL)

111~11tl 111~1JJ1

II -\
"
ll1~1~'U'rl1~

" "'
111~1fl'U\l\J\J
-v n1~1tla1v'r11~
111~1 Lih11JJ1V
(111~1\luuutla)

'U"'tl .... Source language 11language 1 \1'S£ln1!11f1..J 1

f1LL a\J1~fi'UL'SVf1 I ... ....
LLil~L'SVf1

Target language --h language 2 \1~an11:11R 2 1u~1LLa~cni'au12J1tT~h11 Target

language LL~1il"l111 Receptor language \1~Bn1!:11VB~€i'va11

EN322 21
,.
"'f'

:,•
 .:1
tJYIYI 3
i1ru'tn1un11utJa
u

~~. ~tia L~\Ja1!f (Dr. Lucile Desblache) mh111luLana1~tl~~naum~

aJJJJU1Lti~tJ~uOin1,lU\11ti'tl. "Specialised Translation" CU iffi1UU,1!ftl!)Cf1U~atfl i1
,~~~'YIJJ1EJtJa~umLtlal un ~utlaJuhi1~ag~fi11JJL'Yijjaunu~ntl~~n1~ (sameness)
'lJil~ll1~1GlU\lU\JLLa~ll1~1 UtJLLtla ~~LfiUL~a~ii.LL'YI\J~~Lfiu1t11,j1~uJ7;;j~Lf1um~utla
..1~ ..
ll1~1Cfil-31l1~1'YIJJ Lfl~~a~1
l naLflti~OUJJ100tfl1JJ
.. ... Ill l U01~LLtl aUUJJO~~JJ01~\ftyLC1E.ILO~'lJU
d ~
. !!:S ... .¥ Ill ...

Ill .J .,.,~ ;., tJ.. .l..... !!:S .. ..1 . . . l ..

l U~~~\J'YIU-3LifJJil 'YIU1'Yitl ~UnLL afltl 'WEJ1EJ1JJ't11 'YILO~n1~\ftyLC1E.I'Uiltl't1'f~ 'YI~il't11 'YI

.... tl
W Ill Ill
ll1~1t'IU\l\J\JO\Jil1~1LL
Ill I
nunn 1~n11~~mn1
tl -~ ...

"" .l d
I Ill

.,j "' tl
W d

0
uJa ~ntfl1JJ't1UnLL aa1JJ11fl't11Ltruu L~
I
I

~ W
d
aUUJJfi11JJ1LtJIOtfl1~nUUtltl't1Cf~ JJ10011'YI~~JJ-3
.
I 1tl.,j

.-

tl ~ d ...
n11LL auun~~JJ
4
'Yifi11JJL'YIJJil'U .
•
...
fi11)J'YIJJ1EJL'YIEJ\JLfiEJ~nu ~ ... "'1.. (equivalence ) l""ld dill tJ7'
LLtflLJJil ~ntfl1)J't1UnLL ·1"'
a Uff1U110't11 n
A'J1U'I1U1tJlntJ'U&AtJ~nu1un11UUif1::Wh~n1!11tli'Uilti'vnvn1'1:11ilVVLLtla li1enfulf
.. iJ 1 t/J 1"
9::&n~ fJ/'111 un11" aflu
f'l"' U U..,
JJ11~~LuuumL a~~~uJJam!f'W'YI'laumL aaJJfi1Launa1u
111
4 .,. 4 Ill 1dW

LLfiLflm.h~auucy'Yilth~ 1 lum~utlaL'W11~~1ULLtlaLfiu,f~~1ui!f1m~ ~1uflatl~. ua::

Q
~1UL'Yifl'Uflil~ Utfl1Ltl~
il Ill .Of ..1..$
uty'YI1'Yin1flty
Ill
1 l Un11LLtl an~~na11fl-3
..1 l U'YIU
..1.¥ ..
flil
I ...

1. ~ ., f'l "" 4 ""-"' "' U

u'U'YI1't11-3611Uil1~1 ll1'a1Lu'ULfl'lil-3JJtln •flty'lJil~UnLL a
., .,
fi1~LLua
.I 7U'
lfi~n1t~1 ~1uutlatiaJJ~~6ltfl'Wa1~LLa~~tltlf!CUil1'W i-3Ju ~LLtla~~ia~iJmJun11li
111~1lliflarHLLfl~ba ~LaJJD 1,j·;h~::Lfiun11LLtlad1t1'ntl ~~10111~11~,.,1 Lfiun1~1l~ tfl1JJ n
.. ~ ~ ..1.., tl ... l
d .. ':'I .I
ntflil-3wOwUfi11JJJ't1~aa-3111~1UUD~LaJJa
I
1 ~UJJfi11)J1J.s...•U1ty ~"'~'nUnLL
...
a,., a 'YIJJ)Jn~~
I Ill

JJa~ti'1JJ Ail n1t~1,U.i!IENOJUUI~ Ltiu D'1Gl'a~utJa~1nll1~1il~nq~JJ1Lfiun1~11 'Yitl~~Lfiu

I Wtl Wtl dW... W 1 I ... ..1 ... tl 1 .....
ll1~1LLJJtJtl~~LL a ~LL antJ~a~JJfi11JJ~Il1~1 'Yitltlm~~LEJtJJJ~-3~~a1JJ1~fiLL aaanJJ1 ~~
" " "
cbU JJ1 n ~ LL tl a L'Y1 ~hifij'n~::ti~::JJ1'Yii1 LUUll1~1'1J tl~tfl'ULtl~1J.iu1~::ijiJ ty'Yil~~ Lfl ~iJ ty'YI1
" .,tl .¥.Of ., ..lwtl"' ' 1., I
tl ~::Lil'YI'Yity1 1nflantJu uty'Y11'YI1~~1Uil1~1'YI~LL aJJn~::'W\J\Jil£1 1 ~LLn

EN322 23
 1.1 Uty'M1fi1Ui1u11fl1 1ai'ua:=lfl1~1;1~ LW n11utlatl1tWfl~il
n;f11LfJun1·nn1~n (Passive voice) fl11LLUftf11ft (Tense) f111UtlathLiaJJ1fl~· ·
(Connectives) n11UUftii11'WU1JJfl'bJ LQ'W1tL1Q1ttN (Indefinite pronouns) n11UUft
U1ttnufi'Lifl1iJJ~JJ1fl (Dummy subjec )
I

\.11:=tu fl~iJn;u, Lflun11N11'in

'1. He was Invited to give a s h at the Opening ceremony.
iJtfutlai1: L~1f1nticyl~1tl'3fllu'WBL fl
iai~Lnfl: lull11:f11flf1Ldalithh " n" 1h~u1n;u, fl1iJJ~JJ1fl~:=aaltllu\11~
ls.ifi ~LL Uftfl111tJ9l1==i~
fl11utlai1: Ltn1fii'u&icyl~tl'3flluY4 Lilfl

2. Many of Sidney Sheldon's · orks have been translated into many

languages.
iJ«utlai1: ~a·nut~a~ iflur1 Ltiafla ~ft1fiLaJJenut/anflu~a1flll1~1
ia~~Lnfl : fi11JJ~JJ1fi!Ja~tl1tlflflif'L"' na1~ 1 lJ.ifl11lithi1 "f1n" 1h~u1n;fl1
fl11LLtlai1: Dn17utla~1ut1a~ ittud Ltiafleu aanml1et1flll1~,

n11utlan;u,~atflun1aoh~
1. By the time her son returned home, she had already gone to bed.·
iJ~utlai1: 1un'if~J~ntnfltJa~L15anmi" V'1u Lt~eilwfBNv::&rT,uau
tiaft'~Lflfl: tnfl;fl1lUil11flS~flq~LU..I U3tJ1Uti1JJn1ft Uti1Uil1~ilflflfhfl;fl11s.i .
LufifiUJtllUfi1JJfl1ft Jj'u aol'!Hmt41JJ1U1tn~uthn;fl1l Ufl11Utlal ~,.r
fl11JJ~JJ1flfl1~tna.malu 11flluauu

24 EN322

~I
''
 2. She always has a headache when she reads for a long time.
ileiutlirh:
v LHath~RR·n~::t~N~L~BL6atha·ui1u~nr~aaar.iLf1una1u1u
v

iaiunfl: ~1n1enlut.J-,~1t~flifli3t.lif~,,ju LyjilLLiffl~i1L'Hfln11tu1ut.J-,~1tlflLofltfu

LUJJB 1fltliln1ti11Lf1\iN always LfJuti'1UBnfl11JJ'HJJ1tll~iflL'iilUtfu
• ... t.l !!I "" • ., ~ !'t
ft11'Utl a11: L6BJ.Jn'iil~ 1flr~1\i~LifJJBLJJBL6BB1UHU"rrBLlJUL1a1U1U '1

• ...; ,.. ...

ft1L"aiUhtl~fl11a.lftfl1m11~
'tJ'i"
1~Ltlfl

1. She saw an accident while she was crossing the street.

il~utlai1
v : L6BLoHUa,j'fiL'HmtDBL6Btha~tl1JJCIUU
• ••
" .., !'t • .J ..,. 1 ~ ~1 _<( "" • "'
"ailif~Lnfl: while LlJUfl1'nL!fBJJ ti~L'Hfln11N 2 L'Hfln11N tltiL'HtJn11t.u'HU~n1it~
o 00. I ...... _<( "" "' II J
fl1LUUB{! LLa~JJBnL'Hfln11t.u'HU~LOfl'ZI'·BU"lJUJJ1
• d ...... l .I • ... "
fi11LLtl it11: L6BLLaL'HUf:l\J91L'Hfl U!IOl~HL6Bn1a~tJ1JJCIUU

2. They did not Jove each other, so they separated.

il~LLtlai1:
v
Ltnhii'nti'u Ltn~~LLtlnti'u

ti'ai~Lnm: so LtJu~hLiaJJ1t1~L'Hf!LLa~~a
fi11LLUitl1: Lt.nhii'nnULLcl1 lf"Ju Lti1~~LLtiO'n1~0U

1. You are the one I love.

" !'! ""...~ ... ...
iJ~LLUitl1: L6BL1JUflU'HU~'ntlU1n

2. The Johnsons have two daughters, one a baby, the other a girl of twelve .
... " tl • ., _{ ... ... "" !'! d ' d "" !'! d
I-lULL it11: fl1il\Jfl11'iilil't'1UifUJ.JanU11 2 flU flU'HU~LlJ'ULflnLan '1 flUilULlJULfln
v "
e]'Hqj~mqauua~

EN322 25
tiai~Lflfl: tbe other LtJUfl1if11'W'U1 1~L~1~~~~-:Jfl11LL\h~fltlilf.l9l1JJif11WU1UlU
tAuflif
ft11LLthrh: fl1il1..1fli'1~a~uiuij~na 1 2 flU ftund-nj'.:JL~nag anftund"LfluL~n
~~cV.:Jil1q 12 il

1. It was cold this year.

~U~U11iJif
.... ·• • I

a.l tiLLu ft11:

,. "' fll .. ...tl ..1 fll tl 1 JJJJ
tiai~Lnt~:
0 0 1 1
.. ...
tl 1~Ltlflll1~1il.:JflC}~~1Lu 9lil.:JJJ 1~61\l it fl1~U1flLu'U 1~61ULL9l

1~ijfl11JJ~JJ1tiL'W11::1~1 .,LLfl'Ufl1U1JJol1l~
ft11LLtla·h: iJda1n1tt~u11
2. Oh! It's beautiful.
... " .I '
a.ltiLLuft11: 1a! JJU~.:Jif1tl
"' I

.. .,
'Utlif~Lfl(;l:
I .. "' "' "' I
Lti'U~~tl1fl'Ufl\.19l1tlti1-:Jfl
..1
. 1 it
1JJJJfl11JJ~JJ1tl
1 ...

fn1utla·h: LL~JJ if1t.I~.:JLfttl

1.2 \Jcy~1fl1~i1ufiwfl Lft~il1u1u U'lJ~1fl1-:Jti'iufl'w,;'ua~chu1uL\Ju

..,1.., tl"' I .J .. ..~ ... tl t11l1~"' - 1 .,j
iJ qJ~1fl'UnLL ftJJO~~'W\.Itl~LifJJtl "1\l~fl 1ti'ULL ftLLft~LL a JJ ~OJJO~tfl~11fl11fl9l'ULtl~.
LLUft1~1tlL'W11t1~Jfl1fl'Wfi' LLfiit~~~J 11JJ~JJ1tlt.liHfl1fl'Wn~1fl'W~'U1~01JJ~tl1~~=J~
utlatl~Lwn::1J.if(ndisnft111JHIJ1tJR nis" iJty~1L~a1d 1iuri fi1fl'w,;'~ijfl11JJ
"
~JJ1tl~a1t~uu f11fl'wfl'~atiLiiEJu~nn l\1Lml~fl11JJ~JJ1tltl~ fi1n;t1"l~ (Phrasal
verbs) ~ll1ti9l fl1W~L'Wtl LLa::il1'U1Ufi ~ 1 '

., I

fl1ilfJ1~

1. I want to draw some money.

2. Nobody can draw conclusi s.
i

26 EN322
 drawluth:=lfJfl;l 1 utlai1 osu&iu
uanl1:=luttiftt11utlai1: d'ui£Hn118SU&iu
draw luth:=1fJflil2 utlai'l1Nif1111&;1u
uanl1:=luttdtt11utlai1: 1Jjiilfl18~fl1111&;1u

• ' ~ .,.., -. .. .. ..! .. .. " .. ...

ft1n'Wtlt1JuLtlfJUI4fln1 ' MLtl1 ''Jft111t'Ma.t1U~fl
1. Many guerrillas were killed in the fight.
ihiutJai1: d~i~ns;aa1nnlhtt1fJ
" " v
".!1
tliln~Lnt~:
"tl~
~u
l ... ., . ~.1
anuau UL1il~tt1i'ftnfltlil~fl1i'fiHn1U
fla ~utlai1 fj'risn11i1~
guerrilla (s)
ua:= gorilla (s) fi~utlai1 i~ns;aa1
tt11utlai1: ei'risn,,;,rilu1uJJ1nnnthtt1fllum1tiaa
" v v

2. The traffic problem in Bangkok has been ignored until very lately.
il~utlai1: iltymn11'J11'J1lun1~Lfl'W., \lna:=LafJ'JUn1=,t~a1tJJJ1n
iai~Lnfl: ~utlaLi1l'J·h lately LfJun;m1Lft~Wtlil~fJNfl'Wtl late ti~utlai1 i1
i11fJ ~~utlailfl
fl11UUa·h: .-t... l J.Jt:t
utymL1il~011'J11'J1 'U01~Lfl'W., \)08tL8tiJJ19t8ilfi'J'U01tfl~&IJ8&11 "/
;!

thn;u,~
l. The firemen successfully put out the fire •
• '
fl111 "put out" Lu' !It ..I-. -
U phrasal verb flLnfi'J1001tl1 put ...
+ out LJJilJJ1l"ti
., 1··'(
~O'U'JtLOflfl11JJ'MJJ1fJ
'"' a ,.J UJJ1 Uu811
"tL'MJ..Iti' .I '
fRtJ n to extinguish )

tl1:=luttiftt11utla·h: vnl'n-nuiuLv.a~iulwtu;'J

EN322 27
 2. We can look up the meani of words in the dictionary.
e
fl111
I " !fl ..a...
look up" LlJU p rasalverb flllfl'11U'MJOUl1 rrUH1
I _r:

.I
u1~
t flflUfi11LLuil11:
.: .I I "
L11tlU'M1fi11U 1"
U1f.ltiB~fl1 fl~1n'W~U11in1U
•

~tniiJI thft'-3L'Wfl ua~d1u1 th-3 ,

m1LL a" •U1ULr1""'
·t1..._ · . tfLL
UL"SB-3 1n "tl"... ~ln"
..._.u1uuu
B9lB~flfl11U'MU1fJtiB~" .., 9l

LLa1~~'M1fi1LLtla~ijfi11U'MJJ1fJLflfJ'ULfl tlUU1LLtla n1"SLLtlft1t19l1U"Stlft1fl'ihU~~1J.i

" "
L'li'1L~L'W"S1~1J.i~ULflfJrlUl(G4U611U ifll1 LL1flaBJJ Uft~n11tl11~flfltiil~Li1tiB~Il1~1 ~~
...t"' :;
1Ufi"S1\JIJU'Mft~tiB~'fll1'e9lLLft~n1'W~L'W
1 ... "' :'1
UU
1. Carrying coals tC? Newcastle
" tJ ftfi1~HL'WtiU11
Cl1LL • ., ,3 I r ~ 'ftJ•
UJ 01Untl.fo !!)
fl1fl1if&'Dif tl r ..1
tfB1UfiL fJ
UfiU1fltl~~·1UI

L'li'1L~tl11U'MJJ1tl LLflll1LLtlaLfJtltJLfltl~ \Jth~·n'Wfl1flfl~i1 &ii1U:SftT11H111t}fl1llif1U

~£hu~Lflufiu1flfJ~~L'li'1l~J.nnni1
"

2. Yesterday he worked hard, he slept like a log.

tl
Cl1LLtl a tl "S~t fJfiU11
.: I '"'
LU .: a! "'
11UUL!J1TI1~1U'MUO
. ... .,
&f11V~UiiUHifV&
iJUIR1ll
til
t:JB1UfiU1flf.I~~Lti1
"1~LLii~UB~L'MUilTWO
G I '"'
1 LUBLLtl ft11
I ... ., t'f
&fi1V~UBUHifV&HIIilflfN
" . '

.\

28 EN 322
 1. The President went inside the Pentagon.
Pentagon 911SJ\Jnil~SJ1fJtl~ ztl{nurSsu LL911u\J~ztfJ~if~LLUa
..1.,. " "' .1 '.1 •.,. "1-..._· .,
'riSJ~11SJJ~il\J911~ZLLua11 u1Zfi1'U16\JfiLtJ1 u L'UfJiJ~1J'I/fl1fJ11H'H11U~'l" ('li~LU'Ufln
.{ d .,.

\11L~fifJSJa~1unl~1ati~iu \J~zL'rlflU~i'!ilLSJ;n,) 1itiuii lflfJ1J.iia~LafJL1a11\Jf\u~1

~11SJ~SJ1fJ

2. The Gennan Chancellor will come to Thailand .

., .I .,1.,. " ., '
'UnLLua'riSJ~11SJ~~il\J\fl")li)Zfi~1\J11 th11 "chancellor" lu
"
\J~ztfJ~if~SJ1fJn~ ~1U'HU~U1flfJi'JUU6f7 tJil~LfJil~Ju LLaz\J~::lfJ~if~1~LL\Ja11
'U1fJfli';ili'Ufi;U~ZL'rlflU~frufia1ti1~Wi';iLfJil~Ju~::SJ1Lila~1'rlfJ
J " . ., ., ... .,. .,
uan~1nUA11SJ~~il\J911fJ~~1SJfi~A11U7£1iJ~lcwua71UtJil~ll1ti1
" v
"' "' ..1 .1 "
\fl'U\l\J\J'ri~::LL u a fl1fJ
" .:, .1 """ "' .ol ..1
m ~ LLuatJ1f1~11SJ~L~il~1flJ'Uti~~SJtJil~L~il~'ri~::LL .1 ..1
u a nd m n'rl;;,::u.1
ua
" "
lli~r:l1uLti'1l~1i l'1au\Jaua1X1J.iLti'1nu1flJufi~~SJtJa~ll1ti1~LL\JaSJ1 ~~i1mh~L"liu
"
He gave us a warm welcome.
tl1LL Uaf11SJ~\J\J~::lfJ~ \J~::tfJ~\f;;,::il~11SJ~SJ1fJfi1SJiflJ'Uti~~SJ
"

1fin1~ LL \J a ua::tiil LU'U il LL'UZl 'U nl~LL\Ja~1n~~~L U'UUty~1~1flll1ti1 a~ n t)tiLU'U

ll1ti11'rlfJ~::limh1a~luu'n~ 4-1 o uazn1~u\Ja~1nll1ti11'rlmuull1ti1a~nqti~::1~
. ""lU\J'rl'rl..1
na11fl~ 11-14

EN 322 29