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Experiment 5

This document provides the procedure for determining the percentage of acetic acid in vinegar samples through titration with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein indicator. Vinegar contains approximately 4-5% acetic acid by mass. The procedure involves titrating measured masses of two vinegar samples with sodium hydroxide and calculating the moles and percentage of acetic acid based on the reaction of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide.

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Doğukan Aybars Öztürk
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115 views5 pages

Experiment 5

This document provides the procedure for determining the percentage of acetic acid in vinegar samples through titration with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein indicator. Vinegar contains approximately 4-5% acetic acid by mass. The procedure involves titrating measured masses of two vinegar samples with sodium hydroxide and calculating the moles and percentage of acetic acid based on the reaction of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide.

Uploaded by

Doğukan Aybars Öztürk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

TITRATION OF A WEAK ACID (VINEGAR


ANALYSIS)

REAGENTS and MATERIALS

- Buret
- Erlenmeyer flask
- Two brands of vinegar sample
- Standardized NaOH solution
- Phenolpthalein indicator

CAUTIONS

- Handle each of the solutions with care.


- Read the Lab Safety section for instructions in handling acids and bases.
- Do not smell non of the solutions, they are all irritants.

PURPOSE

 To determine the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar sample.

INTRODUCTION AND THEORY

Household vinegar is a 4 to 5 percent (by mass) acetic acid, CH3COOh, solution. Generallly,
caramel flavoring and coloring are also added to make the product sell better.
The percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar is determined by titrating a measured mass of
vinegar to a phenolphthalein end point with a measured volume of the standardized sodium
hydroxide solution. The moles of acetic acid are calculated from the balanced equation

CH3COOH(aq) +NaOH(aq)  CH3COO-Na+ (aq) +H2O

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

Since the volume and molarity of the standardized NaOH solution are known, the moles of
NaOH used for the analysis are also known.
At the equivalance point in the titration, the number of moles of NaOH equals the number of
moles of CH3COOH. The mass of CH3COOH in the vinegar is determined by the folloving
equations

M CH3COOH x V CH3COOH = M NaOH xV NaOH


mol CH3COOH= M NaOH x V NaOH

grams of CH3COOH = mol CH3COOH x

Finally the precent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar is calculated

Titration set up was given in the figure.

TIT
RA
NT

INDICATO
R AND

Figure: Experimental set-up for the titration procedure


EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Two samples of two vinegars are to be analyzed. At the beginning of the laboratory period,
obtain 10 mL of each vinegar in separate 10 mL graduated cylinders.
Clean at least two 125 mL or 250 mL erlenmeyer flasks. When dry, label each flask and
weigh.

1.Preparation of the vinegar sample

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

Add about 5 mL of one of the brands of vinegar to clean, previously-weighed flask. Reweigh
the flsak and the contents. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein to the solution and rinse the wall of
the flask with 20 mL of distilled water.
2.Prepare the Buret and Titration Setup.
Rinse a clean 50 mL buret with water first then with standardized NaOH solution. Fill the
buret with standardized NaOH solution, eliminate air bubbles in the buret tip, read and
record the initila volume. Place a white white sheet of paper under the flask containing the
vinegar sample.
3.Titration
Slowly add the NaOH saolutioın from the buret to the acid, swirling the flask after each
addition. Occasionally rinse the wall of the flask with water by using wash bottle.
Continue addtion of the titrant until end point is reached. The end point in the titration
should be within one half drop of a slight pink color. The color should stay for 30 seconds.
After 30 seconds read and record the final volume of NaOH in the buret.
4.REPEAT THE TITRATION WITH THE SAME VINEGAR
5.REPEAT THE TITRATION WITH ANOTHER VINEGAR

PRE-EXPERIMENT ASSIGNMENT
ACIDS AND BASES

1. What is indicator, how does it work?

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

2. An 18.6 mL volume of 0.154M NaOH is required to reach a phenolphthalein enpoint in


titrating 4.11 grams of vinegar. Calculate the moles and grams of acetic acid in the vinegar
sample.

3. Why phenolphthalein indicator was used for the titration? Discuss.

4. Why should you wait 30 seconds after dispensing the titrant to read its volume in a buret.

Report Sheet
ACIDS AND BASES

Student’s Name: Date:


Laboratory Section: Assistant’s name and signature:

Vinegar sample (1) Vinegar sample (2)


Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2
1) Mass of flask (g)

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

2) Mass of flask and vinegar


(g)
3) Mass of vinegar

4) Final buret reading(mL)

5) Initial buret reading(mL)

6) Volume of NaOH used


(mL)
7) Molarity of NaOH

8) Moles of NaOH added

9) Moles of CH3COOH in
vinegar
10) Mass of CH3COOH in
vinegar
11) Percent by mass of
CH3COOH in vinegar
12) Average percent by mass
of CH3COOH in vinegar

QUESTIONS
1. A drop of NaOH solution adheres to the side of the flask and is not washed into the
vinegar with the wash bottle. Does it cause any error in percent acetic acid in vinegar?
Comment on this.
2. Vineagar samples are weighed rather than volume of it measured. Why?
3. If you measure the volume of the vinegar sample instead of weigh, what additional
data you need to find the percent by mass of CH3COOH in the sample?
4. If too much indicator (mililiters of it) is added to the vinegar in the flask, will the
percent by mass of acetic acid be too high or low? Explain.

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