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AC Analysis

This document discusses AC analysis in electronic computer aided design. It defines AC analysis as a type of analysis which uses an AC source and can be used to generate frequency response curves. The document outlines how to set up an AC sweep analysis, add an AC source, use offpage connections, generate bode plots using probes, and determine cut-off frequency and bandwidth from the bode plot.

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Elveron
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44 views25 pages

AC Analysis

This document discusses AC analysis in electronic computer aided design. It defines AC analysis as a type of analysis which uses an AC source and can be used to generate frequency response curves. The document outlines how to set up an AC sweep analysis, add an AC source, use offpage connections, generate bode plots using probes, and determine cut-off frequency and bandwidth from the bode plot.

Uploaded by

Elveron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRONIC

COMPUTER
AIDED DESIGN
(DEE3071)

AC ANALYSIS
OUTCOMES
• Explain AC Source.
• Explain AC Analysis.
• Apply and set up AC Sources.
• Apply and set up AC Analysis.
• Use OFFPAGE in schematic.
• Construct Frequency Response Curve /
Bode Plot.
• Draw samples of analog circuits ; filter
and amplifier circuits.
• Determine cut-off frequency (f-3db).
• Determine frequency bandwidth.
INTRODUCTION TO AC
SIMULATION

• In this unit, you will learn about frequency


variation analysis and simulation. These include
AC sources, AC analysis and their setup.
• To run ac analysis, the circuit to be simulated
has to have ac source. No ac analysis can be
done to a circuit without an ac source connected
to it.
• AC analysis produces frequency response curve
for a given circuit.
WHAT IS AC ANALYSIS?
• AC analysis is a type of analysis which
involves the use of ac source.

• In this type of analysis, the ac source


can be set to a single frequency or
multiple frequencies. For multiple
frequencies, the magnitude of the
source is set the same.
WHAT IS AC ANALYSIS?
• AC Sweep and Noise are types of AC
analysis that evaluate circuit
performance in response to a small-
signal ac source.

• AC Sweep outputs include voltages


and currents with magnitude and
phase.
AC SOURCE
• An ac source generates sinusoidal
waveforms at several frequencies but
having the same magnitude and phase.
• Attributes of an ac source is as follows :
I. PKGREF ; designator of the ac
source
II. ACMAG ; magnitude of the ac
source.
III. ACPHASE ; phase of the ac source.
AC SOURCE

• Get an ac source
part called VAC and
place it on the
schematic sheet.
The ac source will
have an default
designator V1,
displayed on the
sheet.
SETTING UP AC SWEEP
• To set up an AC Sweep, values for certain
attributes have to be set before the ac analysis
could run or executed. The attributes are:

a) AC Sweep type:
• Type of sweep to be used:
• Linear
• Octave
• Decade
SETTING UP AC SWEEP
b) Sweep parameter
• Points per decade
• Number of point to be plotted for every
frequency decade.
• Start frequency:
• The frequency at which Pspice starts
simulation.
• End frequency:
• The final frequency at which Pspice
stops simulation.
SETTING UP AC SWEEP

• To do an ac
analysis setup.
Click on
analysis setup
icon. Check the
Enable box on
left of AC
Sweep box.
SETTING UP AC SWEEP

USING “OFFPAGE”
• used to connect
circuit points
located on different
schematic pages or
to avoid using long
wires in a page.
EXAMPLE 1

Simulate the circuit from 1Hz to 10KHz


SETTING UP AC SWEEP
EXAMPLE 2

Simulate the circuit from 1Hz to 1MHz


SETTING UP AC SWEEP
GENERATING FREQUENCY
RESPONSE CURVE USING PROBE

• How to generate frequency response


curve at user instruction or
automatically, using probe.
• How to determine cut-off frequencies.
• Based on the cut-off frequencies, you
will then determine the frequency
bandwidth.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
CURVE

• A frequency response curve is used to know


how a circuit responds to frequency change
of the input source.
• The respond could be in the form of voltage
gain. Voltage gain is the ratio of output
voltage to input voltage and represented by
Av.
• The gain is usually measured in decibel (dB)
unit.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
CURVE
• A frequency response curve
together with gain in decibel unit is
called Bode Plot.

• Bode plot is very important when


analyzing the performance of
circuits such as filters and amplifiers
due to frequency change of the
input source.
EXAMPLE 1
SETTING UP AC SWEEP

• Ac Sweep Type ---- decade


• Pts/decade ---- 50
• Start Freq ---- 1
• End Freq ---- 100Mhz
DISPLAY BODE PLOT

• There are 2 ways:


1. Using bubble
2. Using mark
advanced
USING BUBBLE
1. Click Trace and then click
Add.

2. Highlight (DB) in the


Function of macros section
and highlight V(vout) in the
node names section as
shown. You could also key-
in the text VdB(vout) in the
trace box instead.
USING MARK ADVANCED
1.Click Markers menu 2.Select vdb.
and choose Mark
Advanced.
HOW TO DETERMINE CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
• Click and drag the cursor using left
mouse button until the maximum gain is
reduced 3db from the maximum gain.

• The frequency where the gain drops 3db


from the maximum gain is called the cut-
off frequency.
HOW TO DETERMINE CUT-
OFF FREQUENCY

• Frequency bandwidth (BW) of a circuit can be


determined from a Bode plot. The Bode plot
will have two cut-off frequencies, fc1 and fc2.

• Frequency bandwidth is the difference


between fc2 and fc1 and can be calculated
using the formula:
BW = fc2 – fc1

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