Methods of Teaching Grammar

1. Diagramming
2. Inductive Teaching
The inductive teaching method is a student-led approach to teaching. In
the inductive approach in teaching, teachers provide learners with examples and
allow them to arrive at their own conclusions. Discussion and course correction,
where necessary, follow this. It’s the opposite of the deductive teaching method,
where rules are explained first.

Inductive Method of Teaching Examples

1. Students are given images of instruments, including those from different groups:
wind, string and percussion. They’re asked to categorize them, work in groups and
state their own logic. Their ability for creative solutioning comes to the fore.

The teacher then explains the different categories of instruments, and the
students check their work. They may have chosen a different criterion for
classification, such as color. A discussion ensues.

2. For example, an instructor might use or show a few examples of a grammar point
in English and then ask students what they notice.

Advantages of Inductive Teaching

 Promotes Critical Thinking

By not providing the answers upfront to students, it invites them to come up
with rules based on the information they have. This is a cognitive and metacognitive
ability that holds them in good stead in adult problem solving and decision making.

 Engages Student Participation

It’s hard to concentrate in an environment in which we constantly received
information. The mind wanders and attention flags. In inductive method examples,
group work is often encouraged, and students are expected to present their work
and findings. It also forces them to think for themselves.

 Learning Is Long Term

By engaging the brain more fully, inductive method of teaching examples can
help students retain information. Having puzzled over facts and figures and other
forms of data, learners have a closer relationship with the subject they’re studying.
Even making mistakes can make facts more memorable.

Disadvantages of the Inductive Approach

Inductive learning might be a popular approach, but there are still situations in which
a deductive process is preferable. Here are some disadvantages of the inductive
method:
  Can Create Inequality
You may see in an example of inductive teaching that not all students will
respond equally well, which can create a lop-sided classroom. It requires an open
environment where errors are accepted and even welcomed to be impactful for all.

 Takes Time
Sometimes students come up with incorrect hypotheses. It is part of the
process to work through these, but there might not always be enough time to make
the most of this.

 Topic Is Complex
Not all facts can be reasoned through. Sometimes, if the information is too
complex, it is best to explain it upfront. When the inductive teaching method is
employed in the wrong place, students can get frustrated by the lack of progress.

3. Deductive teaching
The deductive method of teaching involves a teacher-centered approach to
presenting new content to students. It begins by providing rules to learners along
with examples, which are followed by specific activities, so that they can practice.
This method is suitable for slow learners who need a clear base to start and are also
more accustomed to the traditional approach. Read on to know more about
deductive methodologies of teaching.

Example of the deductive method of teaching

Let us consider a scenario where a new grammar concept is being taught in

the class. While teaching it, the instructor first explains the concept and its rules for
correct usage. Then different ways are used to let students practice the concept.

For example, the teacher writes simple sentences to explain the rules of the
past and present tenses. After this, they hand out worksheets wherein students are
asked to convert past tense to present tense and vice versa.

When can the deductive method of teaching be useful?

This can be a good teaching practice when:

i. Teaching a difficult concept.

ii. Students are highly motivated.
iii. Students are being prepared for writing exams.

Advantages of the deductive method of teaching:

The benefits of deductive methodologies of teaching are as follows:

i. Students solve problems more quickly and efficiently.
ii. It is easy to cover most of the materials through this method.
iii. Quick learning is encouraged as it is a short and time-saving technique. While
teaching mathematics, the solutions to problems require less time because of the
pre-established formulae.

iv. It is a more efficient method in the long run.

v. Encourages students to memorize the rules and is beneficial for the 'practice and
revision' stage.

vi. The deficiencies of the inductive learning approach aren't present in this learning
method.

Drawbacks of the deductive method of teaching:

i. It is not fit for improving students' reasoning capabilities.

ii. Sometimes beginners may find it tough to comprehend an abstract formula due to
a lack of acquaintance with various concrete instances.

iii. The technique needs students to blindly memorize a lot of formulae, which might
make them feel overwhelmed. Because of this, they often tend to forget the
formulae. Inability to recollect them during an exam renders all efforts futile.

iv. Eventually, memory is prioritized over understanding and intelligence in this

technique, which is educationally unsound.

4. Interactive teaching

Interactive teaching is a means of instructing whereby the teachers actively

involve the students in their learning process by way of regular teacher-student
interaction, student-student interaction, use of audio-visuals, and hands-on
demonstrations. The students are constantly encouraged to be active participants.

What Are The Interactive Learning Benefits

The benefits of interactive learning environment are quite obvious and

straightforward. As aforementioned, every activity has its own benefits for the learner
and can be used to develop a specific set of skills. For instance, interactive games
can be used to promote teamwork and discussions among students which goes a
long way to helping them develop relationship skills, peaceful conflict resolution and
emotional management. There are five core interactive learning benefits that include;
 Making responsible decisions
 Awareness of self
 Social awareness
 Building healthy relationships
 Emotional management

Skits, games and role plays can be used to offer students the opportunity to
apply leant skills, which further deepens their understanding of self, making it
 possible to act responsibly, develop strong character and carry out the same skills
into the real world. Essentially, interactive learning is an ideal way to help students
develop various life skills that will help them lead a happy and healthy life.

With regard to classroom learning, the benefits of interactive learning tools

can be seen in improved performance. When social skills such as self-awareness,
healthy relationships, confidence and emotional management are established,
concept internalization and problem resolution questions become less of a problem.
Even the slow learners can quickly come to terms with the difficult concepts as
interactive learning has a significant impact on memory retention. The benefits of
interactive learning environment also make it possible for better student-to-student
learning relationships where those who are fast to grab a concept are eager to help
others get to speed.

Interactive Classroom Activities

Entry/Exit Tickets. ...
Free Writing/Minute Paper/Question of the Day Exercise. ...
Ice Breakers. ...
Think–Pair–Share. ...
Case Studies and Problem-Based Learning. ...
Debate. ...
Interview or Role Play. ...
Interactive Demonstrations.

5. Functional- Notional Approach

The notional-functional approach is a way of structuring a syllabus around
"notions," real-life situations in which people communicate, which are further broken
down into "functions," specific aims of communication.

When designing a lesson, teachers often choose a real-world situation as

their "notion," and choose corresponding functions to teach to prepare students to
communicate in that situation in the lesson. For example, a lesson might be about
how to buy something at a shop, in which case its notion is shopping and one of its
functions might be asking prices.

Functions often lend themselves naturally to specific grammatical patterns or

common expressions. In the shopping example, one expression might be the
question "how much is this (singular noun)?"
notion function expression difficulty
a superior giving preparing to give
Do you have a moment? 2
advice advice
a superior giving
giving advice you should (verb) 2
advice
a superior giving it would be a good idea to
giving advice 3
advice (verb)
a superior giving you might want to think about
giving advice 3
advice (verb -ing)
notion function expression difficulty
a superior giving Thank you for your attention
concluding advice 2
advice to this.
6. Using text, stories, songs, and rhymes
There are different ways of using songs in the classroom. The level of the
students, the interests and the age of the learners, the grammar point to be studied
and the song itself have determinant roles on the procedure. Apart from them, it
mainly depends on the creativity of the teacher.
At the primary level of singing the song, the prosodic features of the language
is emphasized. At the higher levels, where the practice of grammar points is at the
foreground, songs can be used with several techniques. Some examples of these
are:
 Gap fills or close texts
 Focus questions
 True-false statements
 Put these lines into the correct sequence
 Dictation
 Add a final verse
 Circle the antonyms/synonyms of the given words
 Discuss

7. Situational context
Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams (2011) said context can be linguistic and
situational. Linguistic context is about the information that was formally written or
spoken and situational context is the general knowledge that a person has of the
world.

8. PPP
A deductive approach often fits into a lesson structure known as PPP
(Presentation, Practice, Production).
The teacher presents the target language and then gives students the
opportunity to practice it through very controlled activities.
 Presentation involves building a situation that requires a natural and logical
use of a new language. It is in the presentation stage that students know what
they will learn and why.
 Practice involves testing the procedure so students can be familiar with the
language. In this stage that students will be provided with activities that can
make them use the new language.
 The Production stage, being the most important stage, students here shall
have made the transition from “learners” to becoming “users” of the language.
This stage involves creating situations using the language that was introduced
in the presentation to help student communicate meaning using the new
language.

Modes for Teaching Grammar

1. Linguistic mode
 Students must be familiar about the use of structures so that they will
understand. Larsen-Freeman (2002, 2014) maintained that students must know
about the use of structures so that they will understand the consequences of their
choices because the grammatical system offers its users choices in how they wish to
realize meanings and positions themselves ideologically and socially. Therefore,
grammar teaching should not only for understanding the rules but also for inducing
the reasons of different sentence formations in different contexts.

2. Story-telling mode
A grammar lesson is not complete without an application stage. Ur (1988)
shared that application is believed to require “volume and repetition”; that is, learners
need to be given adequate opportunities to use the items to be learnt as much as
possible. Teachers should help learners make the leap from form-focused accuracy
to meaning-focused fluency after explicit instructions by providing a variety of
practice activities that will familiarize the learners with structure in contexts, giving
practice both in form and communicative meaning. (Ur, 1996) Story telling mode is
an effective way to apply what the students learn to real communication.

2- Kherobin- 14
3- Maricel-13
4- Richard- 14
5- Sharie Mae-12, Floricel-12
6- Jemima- 13
7- Esnardo, Ellershey
8- Kayzeebel

1- Precious
2- Jocelyn

10- explanation
5- delivery