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    ELECTROCHEMISTRY

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    Maku Michael
    An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. It consists of two half-cells with different electrodes immersed in electrolyte solutions. In a galvanic cell like the Daniell cell, the more reactive metal (zinc) loses electrons and dissolves at the anode, while the less reactive metal (copper) gains electrons and plates out at the cathode. A salt bridge allows ion flow between the half-cells to complete the circuit. Electrochemical cells have applications like dry cell batteries and lead acid car batteries that use redox reactions to generate electricity.

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    ELECTROCHEMISTRY

    Uploaded by

    Maku Michael
    30 views3 pages
    An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. It consists of two half-cells with different electrodes immersed in electrolyte solutions. In a galvanic cell like the Daniell cell, the more reactive metal (zinc) loses electrons and dissolves at the anode, while the less reactive metal (copper) gains electrons and plates out at the cathode. A salt bridge allows ion flow between the half-cells to complete the circuit. Electrochemical cells have applications like dry cell batteries and lead acid car batteries that use redox reactions to generate electricity.

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    An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. It consists of two half-cells with different electrodes immersed in electrolyte solutions. In a galvanic cell like the Daniell cell, the more reactive metal (zinc) loses electrons and dissolves at the anode, while the less reactive metal (copper) gains electrons and plates out at the cathode. A salt bridge allows ion flow between the half-cells to complete the circuit. Electrochemical cells have applications like dry cell batteries and lead acid car batteries that use redox reactions to generate electricity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views3 pages

    ELECTROCHEMISTRY

    Uploaded by

    Maku Michael
    An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. It consists of two half-cells with different electrodes immersed in electrolyte solutions. In a galvanic cell like the Daniell cell, the more reactive metal (zinc) loses electrons and dissolves at the anode, while the less reactive metal (copper) gains electrons and plates out at the cathode. A salt bridge allows ion flow between the half-cells to complete the circuit. Electrochemical cells have applications like dry cell batteries and lead acid car batteries that use redox reactions to generate electricity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    ELECTROCHEMISTRY

    Electrochemical cells
    A cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
    In electrochemical cells, electricity is produced from chemical reactions. i.e., chemical energy is
    converted to electric energy.
    The reactions that take place in electrochemical cells are redox reactions.
    Any cell that generates an electric current by the oxidation-reduction is called a galvanic or
    voltaic cell
    An electrochemical cell consists of two half cells or electrodes and at each electrode/half-cell, an
    element is in contact with a solution of its ions.
    For example, consider zinc plate dipped into a solution containing zinc ions and copper plate
    dipped in a solution of copper ions as below.

    The element that gives off its electron more readily (more reactive element) is the anode.
    The electrode that accepts electrons more readily (less reactive element) is the cathode.
    Galvanic or voltaic cell
    The common simple galvanic cell is that of zinc and copper strips dipped into 1M sulphuric acid.

    The zinc strip dissolves to form zinc ions by losing electrons

    Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e


    When these electrons move through the wire to the copper strip, they are gained by positively
    charged ions around the copper strip, that is, hydrogen ions thus forming hydrogen gas

    2H+ (aq) + 2e- → H2(g)

    Overall equation: Zn(s) + 2H+ (aq) → Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)

    1
    The Daniell cell
    Daniell cell, is an example of voltaic cell
    It consists of zinc half-cell and copper half-cell separated by a porous partition/salt bridge.
    The salt bridge allows ions to travel between the two solutions thus completing the circuit. A salt
    bridge is a bent glass tube containing sodium or potassium salts from strong acids.
    E.g., potassium chloride and sodium nitrate or pieces of filter paper wetted with these salts.
    The two half-cells are connected by a wire.

    The more electropositive metal, zinc, loses its electrons and goes into the solution as zinc ions,
    that is, zinc is oxidised to zinc ions.

    Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e
    2+
    The zinc half-cell can be represented as: Zn(s) / Zn (aq)
    The electrons move to the copper electrode through the external wire. In other words, electrons
    are attracted to the positively charged electrode. At the copper electrode, the copper(II) ions
    already in solution gain the incoming electrons to form copper, that is, copper(II) ions are
    reduced to copper.

    Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)


    2+
    The copper half-cell can be represented as Cu (aq)/Cu(s)
    Overall equation: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
    The cell convention for the complete cell is given by:
    2+ 2+
    Zn(s) / Zn (aq) / / Cu (aq) / Cu(s)
    The symbol // indicates a porous partition.
    Application of an electrochemical cell.
    used in making dry cell batteries
    Manufacture of wet cells
    Used in the manufacture of lead acid accumulators
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