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Maths

The document is about fractions and includes the following key points: 1) It defines what a fraction is as equal parts of a whole and how they are written with a numerator and denominator. Examples of common fractions like one-half, one-third, and one-fourth are given. 2) It discusses fractions of a collection by dividing a total number of objects into equal groups. 3) It explains how to calculate the fraction of shaded and unshaded parts of a figure by comparing the number of shaded/unshaded parts to the total number of equal parts. 4) It defines different types of fractions like unit, proper, improper, like, and unlike fractions and provides

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
145 views13 pages

Maths

The document is about fractions and includes the following key points: 1) It defines what a fraction is as equal parts of a whole and how they are written with a numerator and denominator. Examples of common fractions like one-half, one-third, and one-fourth are given. 2) It discusses fractions of a collection by dividing a total number of objects into equal groups. 3) It explains how to calculate the fraction of shaded and unshaded parts of a figure by comparing the number of shaded/unshaded parts to the total number of equal parts. 4) It defines different types of fractions like unit, proper, improper, like, and unlike fractions and provides

Uploaded by

Range
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER

3 Fractions

Learning objectives
3.1 Fraction 3.2 Fraction of a collection
3.3 Fraction of shaded and unshaded parts 3.4 Types of fractions
3.5 Comparison of fractions 3.6 Addition and subtraction of like fractions

3.1 FRACTION
When a thing is divided into equal parts, then each part is called a fraction of the whole.
A fraction is written in the form as  Numerator .
Denominator
Here, numerator represents equal parts being talked about and denominator is the total number of
equal parts.

Whole 12 equal parts

One-Half
1
When a whole is divided into two equal parts, then each part is called the one-half   of the whole.
2
1/2
1/2

Whole Break

One-Third
1
When a whole is divided into three equal parts, then each part is called the one-third   of the whole.
3

One- One-
third 1/3 third 1/3
Whole

One-third
1/
3
One-Fourth
1
When a whole is divided into four equal parts, then each part is called one-fourth   of the
4
whole.

Whole One-fourth

3.2 FRACTION OF A COLLECTION


Olympiad Bite
Aman had a collection of 15 apples. He want to put these
apples in three basket in such a way that there are equal To calculate the fractional part of any
quantity we divide objects into groups equal
number of apples in all the baskets.
to the denominator.
1/2 of a collection → Divide whole by 2.
1/3 of a collection → Divide whole by 3.
1/4 of a collection → Divide whole by 4.

5 Apples 5 Apples 5 Apples


1
So, of 15 = 15 ÷ 3 = 5
3
3.3 FRACTION OF SHADED AND UNSHADED PARTS
Number of shaded/unshaded parts
Fraction of shaded/unshaded part =
Total number of equal parts
Consider the given figure.
Number of shaded parts 6
Fraction for shaded part = =
Total number of equal parts 10
Number of unshaded parts 4
Fraction for unshaded part = =
Total number of equal parts 10
SELF TEST - 1
1. Find the shaded fraction of the given figure. 5 7
(C) (D)
12 12
4
3. Denominator of the fraction is _______.
11
(A) 4 (B) 6
2 1
(A) (B) (C) 11 (D) 5
4 4
3 4. One-sixth of a collection of 24 toys is _______.
(C) (D) 1
4 (A) 12 (B) 4
2. What fraction of the faces are smiling? (C) 18 (D) 16
5. Find the value of the following.
1
of 36
3

(A) 18 (B) 15
5 1
(A) (B) (C) 12 (D) 9
8 2

3.4 TYPES OF FRACTIONS


Unit Fraction
A fraction in which the numerator is 1 is called unit fraction.
1 1 1
For example : , , Olympiad Bite
2 5 7
Proper Fraction All unit fractions are proper fractions.
There is no fraction with 0 as denominator.
A fraction in which numerator is smaller than the
denominator is called proper fraction.
3 5 7
For example : , ,
4 8 9
Improper Fraction
A fraction in which numerator is greater than the denominator is called improper fraction.
6 9 5
For example : , ,
5 7 3
Like Fractions
Fractions having same denominator but different numerators.
4 6
For example : and are like fractions.
7 7
Unlike Fractions
Fractions having different denominators. (It doesn't matter what the numerator is)
5 9
For example : and are unlike fractions.
7 4
3.5 COMPARISON OF FRACTIONS
h When the numerators are same, then the number with smaller denominator is greater.
2 2 2 2
For example : > > >
4 6 7 8
h When the denominators are same, then the number with greater numerator is greater.
7 6 5 4
For example : > > >
3 3 3 3
3.6 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIKE FRACTIONS
In addition/subtraction of like fractions only numerators are added/subtracted.
For example :

+ =

3 1 3 +1 4
= =
5 5 5 5

– =

4 1 4 −1 3
= =
5 5 5 5

SELF TEST - 2
1. Which of the following is a unit fraction? (A) < (B) >
4 2 (C) = (D) Can't be determined
(A) (B)
5 3 4. Which of the following fractions is greatest?
3 1
(C) (D) 3 4
2 5 (A) (B)
11 11
2 6
2. Find the sum of and . 8 9
5 5 (C) (D)
4 8 11 11
(A) (B) 5. Which of the following set of fractions is like
5 5
3 1 fractions?
(C) (D) 4 3 2 1
5 5 2 4 6 7 , , ,
(A) , , , (B)
3. Compare and fill in the box. 3 5 7 8 5 5 5 5
4 2 5 2 5 5 5 5 1 3 4 5
+ − (C) , , , (D) , , ,
7 7 7 7 6 7 8 9 2 4 5 7
EXERCISE
1. What fraction of the given figure is shaded? 6. Fraction of the shaded parts of the given figure
is _____.

6
(A) 8 (B) 1 7
16 16 (A) (B)
10 5 8 8
(C) (D) 5
16 16 (C) (D) 3
8 8
2. Which of the following shows the fraction of
crossed fidget? 7. A pizza was cut into 12 equal pieces. Aanya ate
5 pieces. What fraction of the pizza is left with her?
5 7
(A) (B)
12 12
3 12
(C) (D)
12 5
7 5
(A) (B) 8. What fraction of the given crayons are green?
3 7
4 3
(C) (D)
7 7
Green

Green

Green
Blue

Blue
Red

Red

3. Which of the following options shows the correct


descending order of fractions?
1 2
4 5 8 6 3 4 5 7 (A) (B)
(A) , , , (B) , , , 7 7
7 7 7 7 10 10 10 10
8 7 5 2 4 3
(C) , , , (D) None of these (C) (D)
9 9 9 9 7 7
3
4. Which of the following is a proper fraction? 9. represent ________.
4
17 3 (A) A whole (B) 3 parts of whole
(A) (B)
9 5 (C) 4 parts of whole (D) 7 parts of whole
12 11
(C) (D) 10. Aanchal’s birthday cake was cut into 10 equal
7 3 pieces. She distribute them equally among her five
4 9
5. Subtract from . friends. What fraction of the cake each friend get?
13 13
1 5
(A) 5 (B) 3 (A) (B)
10 10
13 13
2 8
4 8 (C) (D)
(C) (D) 10 10
13 13
11. Rashmi bakes 37 biscuits. She gave 23 biscuits 5 4
to poor children. What fraction of biscuits is left (A) (B)
10 10
with her?
6 7
14 23 (C) (D)
(A) (B) 10 10
37 37
15 37 17. The flower shown contains 6 petals. How many
(C) (D) 1
37 14 more petals must be shaded so that of the flower
2
is shaded?
12. Shaded fraction of + = _?_.

5 7
(A) (B)
3 3
4 8
(C) (D)
3 3 (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
13. There are 8 ,5 ,3 in a 18. There is no fraction whose denominator is
_____.
zoo. What fraction of the total animals are monkey
(A) 0 (B) 1
in the zoo?
(C) 2 (D) 5
3 5
(A) (B) 19. Which of the following options shows the correct
15 16
match of shaded fraction?
3 8
(C) (D) 5 4
16 15 (A) = (B) =
8 5
14. What fraction of letters in the word GEOMETRY
are vowel? 4 3
(C) = (D) =
2 3 8 8
(A) (B)
8 8
2 4 20. Which symbol will make the given number
(C) (D)
7 8 sentence true?
15. Fraction of the digit 7 in the given series
2 4 1 1 5 6
is ________. + − + −
7 7 7 7 7 7
279815473257891054798 (A) > (B) <
5 3 (C) = (D) Can’t be determined
(A) (B)
21 19
1
4 4 21. Sneha puts cup of sugar in a bowl. Then she
(C) (D) 5
17 21 3
adds cup of sugar more. How much sugar is in
16. What fraction of the given figure is unshaded? 5
the bowl now?
3 4
(A) cup (B) cup
5 5
2
(C) cup (D) 1 cup
5
22. What fraction of the given butterflies are not 26. The fraction of unshaded region shown in the
shaded? figure is represented by ________.

12 13
(A) (B)
13 25
13 12
(C) (D)
12 25
1
27. Which of the following shapes shows part
shaded? 3

(A) (B)
12 13
(A) (B)
25 25
21 5
(C) (D) (C) (D)
26 25
23. What fraction of English alphabets is consonant? 28. Piyush bought 85 cans of paint and used 32
5 5 cans. What fraction of the paint of cans did he use?
(A) (B) 32 35
26 21 (A) (B)
21 5 85 85
(C) (D) 53 32
26 24 (C) (D)
85 53
24. There are 60 trees in a garden. Kirti has watered
29. What fraction of the given figure is shaded?
1
of the trees. What fraction of trees unwatered?
3
40 5
(A) (B)
60 60
21 1
(C) (D)
26 60
4 4
25. What fraction of stars are outside the box? (A) (B)
8 7
4 3
(C) (D)
6 8
30. Vaibhav has fifty ` 10 coins and twenty five
` 5 coins. What fraction of coins are ` 10 coins?
5 5 25 25
(A) (B) (A) (B)
13 8 75 50
8 8 50 50
(C) (D) (C) (D)
13 5 75 100
(A) Fraction of numbers having zero at units place
5
is .
13
31. Match the figures given in Column 1 with their
shaded fractions given in Column 2. (B) Fraction of numbers having nine at tens place is
Column 1 Column 2 4
.
13
1 2
(P) (1) (C) Fraction of three digit numbers is .
4 13
2 (D) All of these
(Q) (2)
5 34. Arrange the shaded fractions of given figures
2 in descending order.
(R) (3)
4 P Q R S
(A) (P) → (1); (Q) → (3); (R) → (2)
(B) (P) → (2); (Q) → (3); (R) → (1)
(C) (P) → (2); (Q) → (1); (R) → (3)
(D) (P) → (1); (Q) → (2); (R) → (3) (A) P, Q, R, S (B) S, Q, R, P
32. Fill in the blanks. (C) P, Q, S, R (D) S, R, P, Q

(P) The figure represents _______ shaded 35. If = and

fraction.
= 1 whole, then = __?__.
(Q) In the figure , _______ fraction
2 4
of the bananas are encircled. (A) (B)
9 9
(R) ______ fraction of letters in the word CREATIVE
are vowels. 8 1
(C) (D)
(P) (Q) (R) 9 9
4 4 3 SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
(A)
8 8 8
5 4 4 1. What fraction of the given butterflies is NOT
(B)
8 8 8 red?
5 4 3
(C) Red
8 8 8
4 5 4 Yellow
(D)
8 8 8
33. Which of the following statements is CORRECT (A) 6 (B) 5
about the given figure? 11 11

50 1 25 (C) 4 (D)
2  (Level-1)
5 95 11 11
30 40
92 98 2. Malika has 10 strawberry ice-creams and 15
700 31 90 512 chocolate ice-creams. What fraction of the total
ice-creams is the chocolate ice-creams?
were pineapple in the shop?
(A) 275 (B) 415
1010 1010
Strawberry 119 595 
Chocolate (C) (D) (Level-1)
5 15 1010 1010
(A) (B) 
25 25 7. What fraction of the letters of the word
LIBRARY is vowel?
(C) 10 (D)
10  (Level-1)
7
15 25 (A) 5 (B)
3. Match the following figures with their correct 7 2
shaded fraction and select the correct option. 2
(C) (D) 7  (Level-2)
Column A Column B 7 5
8. Find the sum of shaded fractions of the given
figures.
P. (a) 4
10

Q. 4
(b)
6
8 5
(A) (B)
4 4 4
R. (c) 7 6
8 (C) (D)  (Level-2)
4 4
(A) P → (c), Q → (b), R → (a) 9. Which of the following has 6 of its contents
(B) P → (b), Q → (c), R → (a) shaded? 8
(C) P → (c), Q → (a), R → (b) P Q R S
(D) P → (b), Q → (a), R → (c) (Level-1)
4. In which of the following options, fractions are
arranged in ascending order?
(A) P (B) Q
2 9 5 3 2 9 3 5 (C) R (D) S (Level-2)
(A) , , , (B) , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
10. Match the following and select the correct
2 3 5 9 9 5 3 2 option.
(C) , , , (D) , , ,  (Level-1)
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Column-A Column-B
2
5. Which of the following figures shows 7 6 9
4 P. − (a)
shaded part? 9 9 13
1 3 2 1
Q. + + (b)
4 4 4 9
(A) (B) 2
R. 3 7 1 (c)
+ −
13 13 13 14
12 10
S. − (d) 6
(C) (D)  (Level-1) 14 14 4
(A) P-(a); Q-(d); R-(c); S-(b)
6. There were 1010 pastries in a shop. Of these, 175 (B) P-(b); Q-(d); R-(a); S-(c)
were butterscotch pastries, 240 were chocolate and (C) P-(b); Q-(a); R-(d); S-(c)
the rest were pineapple. What fraction of pastries (D) P-(c); Q-(d); R-(a); S-(b) (Level-2)
HINTS & EXPLANATIONS
SELF TEST - 1 9 4 9−4 5
5. (A) : Required difference = − = =
1. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 4 13 13 13 13
Number of shaded part = 1
6. (C) : Total number of equal parts = 8
1
So, shaded fraction = Number of shaded parts = 5
4
5
2. (C) : Total number of faces = 12 So, shaded fraction =
Number of smiling faces = 5 8
7. (B) : Total number of equal parts of pizza = 12
5
\ Required fraction = Number of parts of pizza Aanya ate = 5
12 Number of parts of pizza left = 12 – 5 = 7
4 Numerator
3. (C) : Fraction = 7
11 Denominator So, fraction of pizza left =
12
4. (B) : Total number of toys = 24
8. (D) : Total number of crayons = 7
So, one-sixth of 24 toys = 24 ÷ 6 = 4
Number of green crayons = 3
1
5. (C) : of 36 = 36 ÷ 3 = 12 3
3 So, fraction of green crayons =
7
SELF TEST - 2 9. (B)
1. (D) 10. (C) : Total number of equal pieces of cake = 10
2 6 2+6 8 Number of friends = 5
2. (B) : Required sum = + = =
5 5 5 5 So, each friend get 10 ÷ 5 = 2 equal pieces
4 2 4+2 6 2
3. (B) : + = = So, fraction of cake each friend get =
7 7 7 7 10
5 2 5−2 3
− = = 11. (A) : Total number of biscuits baked = 37
7 7 7 7 Number of biscuits given to poor children = 23
And 6 > 3 Number of biscuits left = 37 – 23 = 14
7 7 14
9 8 4 3 So, fraction of biscuits left =
4. (D) : > > > . 37
11 11 11 11
5. (B) 12. (C) : Shaded fraction of +
EXERCISE 3 1 3 +1 4
= + = =
1. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 16 3 3 3 3
Number of shaded parts = 6 13. (C) : Total number of animals in the zoo
6 = 8 + 5 + 3 = 16
So, required shaded fraction = Number of monkeys in the zoo = 3
16
2. (D) : Total number of fidgets = 7 3
So, required fraction =
Number of crossed fidgets = 3 16
3 14. (B) : Total number of letters in the given word
So, required fraction =
7 =8
8 7
3. (C) : > > > 5 2 Total number of vowels (E, O, E) = 3
9 9 9 9 3
So, fraction of vowels in the given word =
4. (B) 8
15. (D) : Total number of digits in the given series 24. (A) : Total number of trees in the garden = 60
= 21 1
Number of trees Kirti watered = of 60
Number of digit 7 in the given series = 4 3
4 = 60 ÷ 3 = 20
So, required fraction = \ Number of trees unwatered = 60 – 20 = 40
21
40
16. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 10 So, fraction of trees left unwatered =
Number of unshaded parts = 4 60
4 25. (A) : Total number of stars = 13
So, fraction of unshaded part =
10 Number of stars outside the box = 5
17. (A) : Total number of petals = 6 5
So, required fraction =
Total number of petals must be shaded to make 13
1 1 26. (D) : Total number of equal parts = 25
shaded fraction = × 6 = 3
2 2 Number of unshaded parts = 12
Number of more petals must be shaded = 3 – 2 = 1 12
So, fraction of unshaded region =
18. (A) 25
19. (C) : 27. (D) : (A) Total number of equal parts = 4
Number of Number of Shaded Number of shaded parts = 2
equal parts shaded parts fraction 2
\ Shaded fraction =
(A) 8 2 2/8 4
(B) 8 3 3/8 (B) Total number of equal parts = 2
(C) 8 4 4/8 Number of shaded part = 1
(D) 8 5 5/8 1
\ Shaded fraction =
2 4 1 2 + 4 1 6 1 6 −1 5 2
20. (A) : + − = − = − = =
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 (C) Total number of equal parts = 4
1 5 6 1+ 5 6 6 6 6 − 6 0 Number of shaded parts = 3
and + − = − = − = = =0 3
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 \ Shaded fraction =
5 4
So, > 0
7 (D) Total number of equal parts = 3
21. (B) : Quantity of sugar Sneha puts in bowl Number of shaded part = 1
1 1
= cup \ Shaded fraction =
5 3
3 28. (A) : Total number of cans bought = 85
Quantity of sugar added = cup
5 Number of cans used = 32
1 3 32
Quantity of sugar in bowl now =  +  cup So, fraction of cans used =
5 5 85
1+ 3 4 29. (A) : Total number of equal parts = 8
= cup = cup
5 5 Number of shaded parts = 4
22. (B) : Total number of butterflies = 25 4
So, fraction of shaded part =
Number of shaded butterflies = 12 8
So, number of butterflies not shaded = 25 – 12 = 13 30. (C) : Total number of coins = 50 + 25 = 75
13 Number of ` 10 coins = 50
So, fraction of butterflies not shaded = 50
25 So, fraction of ` 10 coins =
75
23. (C) : Total number of alphabets = 26 31. (B) : (P) Total number of equal parts = 5
Total number of consonants = 21 Number of shaded parts = 2
21 2
So, fraction of consonants = So, shaded fraction =
26 5
(Q) Total number of equal parts = 4 SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
Number of shaded parts = 2 1. (A) : Total number of butterflies = 11
2 Number of butterflies which are not red = 6
So, shaded fraction =
4 6
So, required fraction =
(R) Total number of equal parts = 4 11
Number of shaded part = 1 2. (B) : Total number of ice-creams = 10 + 15 = 25
1 Number of chocolate ice-creams = 15
So, shaded fraction = 
4 15
So, required fraction =
32. (B) : (P) Total number of equal parts = 8 25
Number of shaded parts = 5 3. (C) : (P) Total number of flowers = 8
5 Number of shaded flowers = 4
So, shaded fraction = 4
8 \ Shaded fraction =
(Q) Total number of bananas = 8 8
(Q) Total number of equal parts = 10
Number of encircled bananas = 4
Number of shaded parts = 4
4
So, fraction of encircled bananas = 4
8 \ Shaded fraction =
10
(R) Total number of letters = 8 (R) Total number of equal parts = 6
Number of vowels (E, A, I, E) = 4 Number of shaded parts = 4
4 4
So, fraction of vowels = \ Shaded fraction =
8 6
33. (D) : Total numbers = 13 2 3 5 9
4. (C) : < < <
(A) Numbers having zero at units place 7 7 7 7
(50, 40, 30, 90, 700) = 5 5. (B) : (A) Total number of equal parts = 4
5 Number of shaded parts = 1
So, required fraction = 1
13 So, shaded fraction =
(B) Numbers having 9 at tens place (92, 98, 90, 95) = 4 4
4 (B) Total number of equal parts = 4
So, required fraction = Number of shaded parts = 2
13
(C) Three digit numbers (700, 512) = 2 2
So, shaded fraction =
2 4
So, required fraction = (C) Total number of equal parts = 4
13
Number of shaded parts = 1
34. (B) : Figure Shaded fraction
P 2/8 1
So, shaded fraction =
Q 4/8 4
R 3/8 (D) Total number of equal parts = 4
S 5/8 Number of shaded parts = 3
Correct descending order is S, Q, R, P. 3
So, shaded fraction =
4
35. (B) : 1 =2 ⇒3 =6 6. (D) : Total number of pastries = 1010
Total number of butterscotch and chocolate pastries
1 = 175 + 240 = 415
⇒ (6 + 3) =1⇒9 =1⇒1 =
9 \ Number of pineapple pastries = 1010 – 415 = 595
4 595
⇒ = = So, fraction of pineapple pastries =
9 1010
7. (C) : Total number of letters = 7 6
Number of vowels (I, A) = 2 So, shaded fraction =
8
2 R. Total number of figures = 8
So, fraction of vowels =
7 Number of shaded figures = 5
1 5
8. (D) : Shaded fraction of first figure = So, shaded fraction =
4 8
2 S. Total number of figures = 12
Shaded fraction of second figure =
4 Number of shaded figures = 6
3 6
Shaded fraction of third figure = So, shaded fraction =
4 12
1 2 3 7 6 7−6 1
\ Required sum = + + 10. (B) : (P) − = =
4 4 4 9 9 9 9
1+ 2 + 3 6
= = 1 3 2 1+ 3 + 2 6
4 4 (Q) + + = =
4 4 4 4 4
9. (B) : P. Total number of figures = 8
Number of shaded figures = 2 (R) 3 + 7 − 1 = 3 + 7 − 1 = 10 − 1
2 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
So, shaded fraction = 10 − 1 9
8 = =
Q. Total number of figures = 8 13 13
Number of shaded figures = 6 12 10 12 − 10 2
(S) − = =
14 14 14 14

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