Key Ssl101

1. Which of the following are learning objectives for this MOOC?
Check
3 options.
1. Communicate clearly across a variety of different contexts and to a
wide range of audiences by adapting communicative styles
appropriately according to cultural and societal expectations.
2. Recognize and apply analytical problem solving techniques.
3. Critically evaluate the reliability of sources for an academic context.
4. Filter, manage and organize information from a wide variety of
sources for use in academic study.
5. Demonstrate awareness of ethical issues related to academic
integrity surrounding the access and use of information.
6. Understand the importance and function of critical thinking in
academic culture.
2, What percentage of your total marks is the final summative

assessment worth?
A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 30%
D. 35%
3, Which of the following are NON-assessed activities on this MOOC?

Check 2 options. (Partial marks awarded.)
1. In video questions & polls
2. Short quizzes after each lesson
3. Quizzes after each module
4. Discussion board posts
5. Final summative assessment.
4, Which of the following are some of the core values and expectations
of academic culture mentioned by academics 1.2a?
Check 4 options.
1. Academic integrity
2. Freedom
3. Critical thinking
4. Intellectual inquiry and communication
5. Ethical contribution
6. The contingency of knowledge
5, Which of the following actions would need some level of digital

literacy? Check 2 options.
1. Knowing how to set up a personal computer.
2. Writing an email to your lecturer at university.
3. Creating a LinkedIn profile.
4. Reading a book on an e-reader
6, According to the experts in 1.2b, which of the following is an example

of the contribution of information and digital literacy to the values of
academic culture?
A. Beginning an assignment with one opinion, but changing your
opinion as you gather and read more information sources with
contrary evidence.
B. Giving a presentation
C. Cataloging information on a library website.
D. Making a valid argument
7, What aspects of time management does Jessa Collings say are most
important at university? Check 2 options.
1. Complete course readings in advance.
2. Enroll for classes in advance.
3. Arrive for lectures and tutorials in advance.
4. Prepare for assignments in advance.
8, What does Professor Nick Enfield suggest is one of the most

important ways for a student to prepare for university?
A. Be open-minded.
B. Be judgmental about what they are studying.
C. Language skills
D. Study skills
9, What does Marcella Robertson suggest students notice at university?

A. How their field understands and presents knowledge.
B. University expectations
C. Disciplinary procedures
D. How to be successful at university.
10, What is academic integrity?

A. Understanding academic culture in its entirety, without being divided
into parts.
B. Behaving ethically and responsibly at university.
C. Being honest and not cheating.
D. Displaying the core values of academic culture - honesty, trust,
fairness, respect and responsibility - in class.
11, According to the lecture, universities are not just trying to train you
for a job role, but are also trying to prepare you ...
A. to behave ethically
B. to not cheat
C. to not become involved in political scandals
D. to conduct qualitative research
12, "Academic communities of integrity value the interactive,

cooperative, participatory nature of learning. They honor, value, and
consider diverse opinions and ideas. ... In academic environments of
integrity, even those who disagree on facts share ... reverence for
knowledge and the methods by which it is obtained." (International
Centre for Academic Integrity, 2014, pg 24). Which of the academic
values is this referring to?
A. Honesty
B. Trust
C. Fairness
D. Responsibility
13, "It's 4.30, and Mary has just taken the final exam for Introduction to
Microbiology. She feels pretty confident she did well when she runs
into her friend Jane. Jane is in the evening class rather than the
afternoon class that Mary is in, and is about to take the exam. She is a
little nervous as she hasn't studied enough, so Mary tells her a few of
the more difficult questions, and her answers for those questions."
What kind of misconduct is happening?
A. Plagiarism
B. Self-plagiarism
C. Cheating
D. Fabrication or falsification of data or results.
E. Facilitation of academic misconduct of another student.
14, "Knowledge is soon changed, then lost in the mist, an echo half-
heard." - Gene Wolfe What quality of academic culture does this relate
to? (Refer to 1.2)
A. The contingent nature of academic knowledge.
B. The need for evidence to support opinions.
C. The use of research to produce knowledge.
D. The importance of independent learning.
15,"Most English-speaking cultures stress the role of the individual in
society .... This attitude is reflected in the education system. From pre-
school onwards, children are encouraged to express themselves in
many different ways, and are expected to explore activities, subjects
and ideas that interest them." - Jean Brick. What quality of academic
culture does this relate to? (Refer to 1.2)
A. The contingent nature of academic knowledge.
B. The need for evidence to support opinions.
D. The importance of independent learning.
16, Consider the following situation.

"In Jeong Woo's first semester at university he often forgot to get his
course readings done in time, and had to ask for an extension twice for
his assignments as he couldn't complete them. In his second semester
he became a lot more aware of when he needed to have completed
readings and assignments, which resulted in better grades and greater
contributions to tutorials." Which survival skill mentioned in lesson 1.3
does this refer to? (Refer to 1.3)
A. Time management
B. Collaboration
C. Noticing how your field structures knowledge.
D. Study skills

"Fatima is writing an essay for her Macroeconomics course on the
Great Recession. She is firmly convinced that a lack of government
regulation of the financial industry was responsible for the crisis.
However, she wants to find some evidence to support her argument
before she starts writing." In lesson 1.2b Michelle Harrison refers to 3
ways that information and digital literacy contribute to the values of
academic culture. Which way does Fatima's situation refer to?
A. The importance of finding good evidence to support your
argument.
B. The flexibility to change your opinion on an issue based on evidence
to the contrary.
C. The ability to identify a problem or research question.
D. The importance of using academic journal databases to find
information.
18, (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soc-net-paten-growth-

chart.png). Is the graph above example of information or knowledge?
A. Information
B. Knowledge
19, An episode of the TV fantasy drama series Dragon's Play.

Is this part of the cultural record or the scholarly record?
A. Cultural record
B. Scholarly record
20, Is a review of the book The Politics of Free Markets in the academic
journal Social Forces an example of a primary source, a secondary
source, or a tertiary source?
A. Primary source.
B. Secondary source
C. Tertiary source
21, Why can't we rely just on textbooks as information sources at

university? Check 2 options.
1. Because they are not written by experts.
2. Because they don't provide deep knowledge of a subject
3. Because they are sometimes wrong
4. Because they present an unproblematic view of a field and don't
always present current debates in the field.
22, Academic journal articles allow us to enter the discussions that

define our academic field. However, what is a DISADVANTAGE of
academic journal articles?
A. They are too general.
B. They are difficult to read because of the expert vocabulary used.
C. They are shorter than textbooks, and therefore contain less
information.
D. They are available on subscription only.
23, What is the usual structure of a scientific journal article?

A. Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion,
Conclusion, References
B. Abstract, Introduction, Body, Conclusion, References
24, You are doing an assignment on media representations of women in

business. Where would be a good place to begin your search? Check 3
options.
1. Google
2. library aggregated search
3. YouTube
4. An academic database entitled, "Communication Source, Focusing on
Media Studies".
5. An academic database called JSTOR, which has journal articles from
fields such as film studies and literature, sociology and more.
25, Which of the following places will give information sources with
greater quality, but with a more limited range of sources?
Check 2 options.
1. Google
2. academic journal database
3. library website aggregated search
4. YouTube
26, According to Pat, how can you search sites such as academic
databases more efficiently to get the information you want?
Check 2 options.
1. Boolean searching
2. Precision when looking for academic journal articles.
3. Use key words from assignment.
4. fine-grained searching
27, Consider the following question.

"You have zero privacy anyway. Get over it" (Scott McNealey, 1999).
What is privacy? How have changes in technology made privacy an
issue for citizens and governments? The first step in developing a
search strategy is to break the question down into sub-topics. Choose
the best set of sub-topics for this question.
A. Definition of privacy, technology privacy issues for citizens,
technology privacy issues for governments
B. Historical overview of privacy, technology privacy issues for citizens,
technology privacy issues for governments
C. Different cultural definitions of privacy, technology privacy issues for
citizens, technology privacy issues for governments

issue for citizens and governments? Another important step in
developing a search strategy is to develop a set of search terms using
synonyms of key words in the question. Choose the best set of
synonyms of key terms from the groups below.
A. solitude, computers, civilians, subjects, state, politics
B. surveillance, computers, inhabitants, dwellers, state, politics
C. surveillance, computers, civilians, subjects, state, politics
D. surveillance, machines, civilians, subjects, state, politics

issue for citizens and governments? A student has run the following
search term while researching the question: "privacy OR citizens OR
government OR technology OR politics" It has returned too many
results, many of which are irrelevant. Why?
A. The search is too wide because using OR as a search term widens
the search.
B. The student hasn't used synonyms.
C. The student has used too many terms.

issue for citizens and governments? A student wants to research the
effects of technology on privacy for citizens. What is the best
combination of search terms below?
A. privacy AND technology AND civil*
B. privacy AND technology AND (civilians OR citizens OR subjects)
C. privacy OR technology AND civilian
D. privacy AND technology NOT government
31, Which record is an article on positive topological entropy in the
journal Annals of Mathematics part of? (Refer to 2.1a)
A. Cultural record
B. Scholarly record
C. Public record
D. Police record
32, Is a first year visual art textbook called Introduction to Art History
an example of a primary source, secondary source, or tertiary source?
A. Primary source
B. Secondary source
C. Tertiary source
D. Quaternary source
33, In which part of an academic journal article would you encounter

the findings or outcomes of the research that was conducted?
A. Abstract
B. Introduction
C. Methodology
D. Results
E. Discussion
F. Conclusion
34, Which of these options is the usual structure of a humanities
journal article?(Refer to 2.2b)
A. Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion,
Conclusion, References
B. Abstract, Introduction, Results, Methodology, Discussion, Conclusion,
References
C. Abstract, Introduction, Body, Conclusion, References
D. Abstract, Introduction, Body, References, Conclusion
35, You are an undergraduate pharmacology student researching

approaches to protein therapeutics over the last 20 years. Where
would you begin your search? (Refer to 2.4). Check 2 options.
1. Google Scholar
2. Yahoo
3. An academic journal database called Humanities and Social Sciences
Collection which gives broad coverage to journal articles in the
humanities and social sciences.
4. An academic journal database called Web of Science which gives
broad coverage to journal articles in the sciences.
36, What is the most important thing that determines where you look
for information sources, according to Pat Norman in lesson 2.3?
A. The academic field you're studying.
B. How easy it is to access.
C. How fine-grained you want your information to be.
D. What you're looking for.
37, Why do academic journal articles, rather than textbooks or course

notes, allow you to enter into the academic conversations of your field?
(Refer to 2.2a) Check 2 options.
1. Because they contain broad and basic subject knowledge.
2. Because they are written by academics, for other academics.
3. Because they provide more detailed and specific information on a
field.
4. Because they use difficult vocabulary.
5. Because they can only be accessed via academic databases.
38, Consider the following assessment question.

"It is important to remember that educational software, like textbooks,
is only one tool in the learning process. Neither can be a substitute for
well-trained teachers, leadership, and parental involvement" (Keith
Krueger). How important is educational technology? The first step in
developing a search strategy is to break the question down into sub-
topics. Choose the best set of sub-topics for this question.
A. Textbooks, educational technology, educational leadership, teacher
training, parental involvement with education.
B. Importance of educational software, textbooks, importance of
teacher training.
C. Educational software, teachers, leadership, parental involvement.
D. History of educational software, importance of teacher training,
importance of educational leadership.
Krueger). How important is educational technology? A student has run
the following search term while researching the question: “educational
technology" AND teacher training NOT parent" It has returned very few
results. Choose the best reason why below.
A. The student needs to use Boolean searching.
B. The search is too wide because using NOT as a search term widens
the search.
C. The student needs to use synonyms in their search.
D. The search is too narrow because using AND and NOT as search
terms narrows the search

Krueger). How important is educational technology? A student wants to
research the importance of technology in curriculum change. What
would be the best combination of search terms below?
A. technology OR curriculum AND change
B. technology OR curriculum change
C. technology AND "curriculum change"
D. technology OR curriculum OR change
41, Which of the following is NOT a criterion used to judge the

credibility of sources?
A. Clarity B. Scholarly purpose
C. Audience D. Objectivity
42, Which of the following may pose a problem for objectivity?
Check 2 options.
1. A study conducted by an airline company on the relative safety of
air travel compared to boat travel.
2. A peer-reviewed journal article on the impact of social media on
high-school behaviour
3. A journal article on the health impacts of a particular fast-food
burger that was sponsored by the fast-food chain which makes it.
4. A journal article on the health impacts of a particular fast-food
burger that was sponsored by the World Health Organisation.
43, Consider our example assessment question. "Doctors can be

replaced by software - 80% of them can. I'd much rather have a good
machine learning system diagnose my disease than the median or
average doctor" (Vinod Khosla). Discuss the implications of artificial
intelligence doing traditionally human tasks from technical, social and
economic perspectives. A student has found the information source
below for example assessment question. An interview in the 'News'
section of National Geographic online with the writer of a book on AI
and employment. The writer of the book discusses the economic
benefits and drawbacks of AI to the economy. The writer of the article
is a professional writer. The article was published in 2015. What is the
problem with the source's credibility? Check 2 options.
1. The authority
2. The source's audience is not academic.
3. The source lacks accuracy.
4. The source is credible.
44, Consider our example assessment question.

"Doctors can be replaced by software - 80% of them can. I'd much
rather have a good machine learning system diagnose my disease than
the median or average doctor" (Vinod Khosla). Discuss the implications
of artificial intelligence doing traditionally human tasks from technical,
social and economic perspectives. Which of the following sources
would best meet the needs of this assessment? Check 2 options.
1. A first year textbook called Computing Fundamentals that has a
couple of pages addressing artificial intelligence.
2. A course reader from a course called "Robots and the Modernist
Imaginary: Social Utopias and Dystopias".
3. An article in The Economist on "on-shoring" - factories moving back
to developed countries from developing countries due to increased
use of automation in factories.
4. A journal article on a new method of programming driverless cars.

social and economic perspectives." You have found a journal article for
your assignment; the abstract of the article is below. Read the abstract
and answer the question below. “There are increasing policy debates
on the efficacy of universal basic income (UBI) within both political and
academic circles. These debates have emerged as a response to failures
of the welfare state on the one hand, and the threat to employment
posed by increasing automation on the other. While issues surrounding
introduction and maintenance of the UBI have been explored at some
length in sociological and political science literature, economics as a
discipline has been slow to enter this discussion. This paper applies a
new institutional economic framework to explore the effects of UBI on
the economy as well as broader social effects. It shows that while the
costs of implementation and the threat of work disincentives are
greater than has previously been indicated, the benefits of introducing
a UBI far outweigh the drawbacks, particularly when an ongoing
decrease in manual and middle class jobs due to automation is
assumed. Implications for welfare and social policy are explored." We
need to decide if it is relevant. How useful is this for your assignment?
A. Very
B. Partly
C. Not at all.

""Doctors can be replaced by software - 80% of them can. I'd much
social and economic perspectives." You have found a journal article for
your assignment; the abstract of the article is below.
Read the abstract and answer the question below. "This study seeks to
explore the educational affordances and constraints of English language
teacher robots in Korea. With small but increasing use of AIs in service
industries, there is a growing literature on the impact of robots and AI
on everyday social interactions in a number of contexts; however, the
effects of robots and AIs in educational contexts remain relatively
unexplored. This study used ethnographic means to explore the impact
of English language teacher robots in 3 primary school settings in Korea.
It combined ethnographic non-participant observation with interviews
to look at how language teaching could be technologically supported,
drawing on the workplace studies of Heath and Luff (2000) to look at
how the use of technologically-mediated language instruction offered a
new range of affordances and constraints to both students and
teachers. Implications for language pedagogy and curriculum
development are explored." Do you think the information will be
appropriately explored in this article, and not be too general or too
specific to use in our assessment question?
A. Yes
B. No, the information is too general.
C. No, the information is too specific.
47, You would like to save the PLos One article on robot surgery to your
computer. The article citation is: Noda Y, Ida Y, Tanaka S, Toyama T,
Roggia MF, et al. (2013) Impact of Robotic Assistance on Precision of
Vitreoretinal Surgical Procedures. PLoS ONE 8(1): e54116. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0054116 According to lesson 3.3a, what would
be the best file name to use?
A. Yasuo_2013_robot surgery
B. Noda et al_2013_robot surgery
C. 20170511_sociology of technology assignment
D. journal.pone.0054116.PDF
48, You are saving a draft answer to our example question. The date is
20th of June, 2017. The assessment is the second assessment for the
subject STEC1001 Sociology of Technology. What is the best file name
to save it as?
A. 170620_STEC1001_Assignment2
B. 062017_STEC1001_Assignment2
C. Assignment2_STEC1001_170620
D. STEC1001_Assignment2_062017
49, You have a collection of course notes from your course in Business
Communications (BUS1002) from the first year of your undergraduate
course in Business Management. You took the course in the second
quarter of 2018 and your lecturer was Caroline Ng. What would be the
best name for the top level folder in your university folder hierarchy for
this information, according to lesson 3.3b?
A. BUS1002
B. 2018_Quarter 2
C. Caroline Ng
D. Business Communications
50, What are the two purposes of step one in the three step approach
to reading? Check 2 options.
1. Gain further understanding.
2. Assess credibility and relevance.
3. Understand main ideas.
4. Make detailed notes.
51, Which of these parts of an academic journal article would you

probably NOT read in great detail?
A. Abstract
B. Introduction
C. Methodology
D. Conclusion
52, While reading an information source, what should you do if you find
references to other additional relevant information sources?
A. Ignore them.
B. Circle or highlight them for later reference.
C. Immediately look them up.
53, When you make notes on an information source, how should you
organize them?
A. Alphabetically
B. According to categories based on your research question
C. In the order that you read them
54, Which of the following can we use to evaluate the credibility of

information sources (including web resources)? Check 7 options.
1. Authority of the author
2. Country of publication
3. Scholarly purpose
4. Audience
5. Objectivity
6. The way a web site looks.
7. Clarity
8. The use of correct grammar
9. Reference to tertiary sources
10. Currency
55, Which of the following publishers would be considered unreliable

for an academic context? Check 3 options.
1. Wikipedia
2. Oxford University Press
3. Canadian Journal of Chemistry (peer-reviewed journal)
4. National Geographic
5. 2 Hungry Guys - A Sydney Food Blog
social and economic perspectives. A student has found the information
source below for example assessment question. An article by a leading
roboticist and thinker in the area of AI that appeared in the scholarly
journal AI Magazine in 1984. The article looks at artificial intelligence
and employment, specifically looking at the benefits and risks in areas
such as defense, education, and business. What is the problem with the
source's credibility? (Refer to 3.1a)
A. The source's authority
B. The source lacks objectivity.
C. The source lacks currency.
D. The source is credible.
57, If you want to check the relevance of an information source to your

assessment question, why is it important to check if it is written at the
appropriate level? (Refer to 3.2a)
A. Because the level of difficulty of technical vocabulary in a source
reflects the audience the source is aimed at and the complexity of
concepts used.
B. Because sources without appropriately formal language will sound
unusual when quoted.
C. Because it means that the topic is explored at an appropriate depth.
D. Because it means that it is related to the topic of your assessment
question.
58, When checking for relevance, what does it mean if an information

source meets the needs of your assignment? (Refer to 3.2a)
A. It means the information source is part of the scholarly record.
B. It means the information source is the correct type of source for
the assignment (e.g., textbook, primary or secondary source).
C. It means that it is in the same academic field that you are studying in.
D. It means that the topic is appropriately explored.
59, Which if the following would probably NOT be a good thing to

include in a file name? (Refer to 3.3a)
A. Author's surname
B. Author's first name
C. Year of publication
D. Name of the article
60, Imagine you are writing the first essay for a cultural studies unit on
Modernism (CSTU1004). The topic is on the influence of the First World
War. Your lecturer's name is Associate Professor Di Jones. The date
today is 5th December 2017 and it is due on the 10th December 2017.
What would be the best name for a draft of this essay, according to
lesson 3.3a? (Refer to 3.3a)
A. 171210_Assignment1_CSTU1004
B. 171210_Jones_Assignment1
C. 171205_CSTU1004_Assignment1
61, You have found the following article for our example assessment
question on AI. Read the following summary of the parts of the article.
Title: Deep learning neural networks to assess human driver's

intentions in driverless cars
Abstract: A short summary of the article
Introduction: Explains advance of driverless cars in society. Talks about

limitations of driverless cars when assessing the driving patterns of
human drivers.
Outlines the purpose of the study - to assess the performance of a deep

learning AI system that learns human drivers' intentions through
repeated practice driving on roads.
Methodology: Explains the complex set of algorithms in use to learn
while driving, and the means by which their performance was assessed
via a series of experiments.
Results: Compares the deep learning neural networks performance

against other AI systems.
Discussion: Shows how the deep learning neural network being studied
leads to improved driving performance.
Conclusion: Outlines areas for further study, and explains relevance of

study to development of driverless cars in general.
Which parts would you read first, in order to decide if you will use this
information source? (Refer to 3.4a) Check 5 options.
Note: We have not included "headings" as an option because, in this

case, the headings would just be the names of the sections (Abstract,
Introduction, Methodology etc). However, if this was a professional
report or contained a number of different sub-headings, then you
would read those as well!
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Methodology
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
7. Title
62, What is the difference between unintentional and intentional
plagiarism?
A. Unintentional plagiarism is when you are not aware of your
plagiarism, and intentional plagiarism is when you deliberately copy
another's work.
B. Unintentional plagiarism is done on your own, but intentional
plagiarism involves other students.
C. Unintentional plagiarism is when you plagiarise your own work, and
intentional plagiarism is when you plagiarise other people's work.
D. Unintentional plagiarism is when some words from the original text
are changed, and intentional plagiarism is when nothing from the
original is changed.
63, Which of the following would you NOT need to reference at

university? Check 2 options.
1. Your own ideas
2. Common knowledge
3. Someone else's organizing structure
4. Information from another source
64, Compare the original with a student's paraphrase below.

Original "AI systems have already become far too complicated for the
average person to understand, let alone repair, so there will be new
roles created which will require people who can act as intermediaries
between computers and humans." (Bollegala, D. (2016, May 5). Robot
revolution: rise of the intelligent automated workforce.
theconversation.com. Retrieved from
http://theconversation.com/robot-revolution-rise-of-the-intelligent-
automated-workforce-58252)
Student's paraphrase: “The growing use of AI in society does not

preclude job growth. There are those that argue that, instead, the use
of AI will lead to new forms of employment. For example, because
machine learning systems have already become far too complicated for
ordinary people to understand or fix, there will be new jobs that will
emerge which will require people who can act as mediators between AI
systems and humans (Bollegala, 2016)”.
Has the student plagiarized the original?
A. Yes
B. No
65, What are the two places in academic writing where citations appear
and must correspond?
A. Footnotes and endnotes
B. Intentional and unintentional citations
C. Referencing system and referencing style
D. In-text and end-text
66, What type of referencing system is being used in text below?

A. End-text
B. In-text citing
C. Endnote
D. Footnote
67, Look at the following in-text citation, using an in-text citing system,
in an essay.
There is an error with the in-text citation. What is the problem?
A. The writer has not included a page number.
B. The in-text citation should appear at the beginning of the sentence.
C. The date of publication is not necessary.
D. The writer has given the publication name rather than the author's
name.
68, Below is an original quote from the Noda et al. article, and also the
direct quote as used in a student's essay.
Original quote: "Recently robot-assisted surgery has broadened its

application and has been introduced into the surgical theaters
worldwide." (Noda et al., 2013, p. 1)
Student's writing: Another important innovation has been the advent of

robotic surgery, which Noda et al. write has "recently ... broadened its
application and has been introduced into surgical theaters worldwide"
(2013, p. 1). Has the student used the quote correctly or incorrectly? If
it is incorrect, why?
A. The student's use of the quote is correct.
B. The student's use of the quote is incorrect because they have put the
in-text citation in the wrong place.
C. The student's use of the quote is incorrect because they should
have put the 'r' in "recently" in square brackets.
D. The student's use of the quote is incorrect because they shouldn't
have used ellipses.
69, Which of the following is NOT a strategy for paraphrasing suggested

by Swales and Feak (2012)?
A. Note the key information.
B. Identify relationships between the key pieces of information.
C. Brainstorm linking phrases and expressions.
D. Rearrange the order of information from the original.
E. Brainstorm synonyms and/or different word forms for key terms &
different word order.
F. Think about what you want to say about the claim in the original text.
70, Original: "Recently robot-assisted surgery has broadened its

worldwide" (Noda et al., 2013, p. 1).
Student's writing: Some writers, such as Noda et al. (2013), have

written that robotic surgery can now be found in many hospitals
around the world.
How has the writer modified the claim of the original in their
paraphrase?
A. Strengthened the claim.
B. Narrowed the claim.
C. Increased the claim.
D. Softened the claim.
71, Which of the following are examples of plagiarism?

(Refer to 4.1). Check 3 options.
1. A student takes notes into an exam.
2. A student uses an information source in an assignment without
referencing it.
3. A student buys an essay off the internet.
4. A student borrows another student's essay, rewords and
restructures parts of it, and submits it as their own.
72, Is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

Original: "But despite the deeper level of knowledge that our
computers will soon acquire, losing our jobs to machines doesn't have
to be a bad thing. Letting machines do the bulk of the work means that
humans will be freed from routine tasks that computers are better at
performing with higher accuracy rates, such as driving cars." Bollegala,
D. (2016, May 5). Robot revolution: rise of the intelligent automated
workforce. theconversation.com. Retrieved from
Student: While there are a number of disadvantages to AI performing
formerly human jobs, there are also advantages, such as the handover
of routine tasks that are better performed by computers (Bollegala).
A. It is not an example of plagiarism.
B. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has taken the
original idea.
C. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has not
referenced the original information source correctly.
D. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has copied the
wording of the original text.
73, Is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

Original: "But ethical issues arising from human and AI co-working
environments is a real concern. It is one thing getting a face incorrectly
recognized in an image uploaded to Facebook, but a totally different
matter if cancer is misdiagnosed by an AI, which could very easily
happen. After all, computers make mistakes, just as people do."
Bollegala, D. (2016, May 5). Robot revolution: rise of the intelligent
automated workforce. theconversation.com. Retrieved from
automated-workforce-58252
Student's writing: Other possible implications of AI replacing humans in

employment are the ethical concerns that might arise from interaction
between the two. Bollegala (2016) points out that possible ethical
implications might vary in importance however, with, for example,
medical diagnoses outweighing other forms of ethical infractions.
A. It is not an example of plagiarism.

B. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has taken the
original idea.
C. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has not included
the page number in the in-text citation.
D. It is an example of plagiarism because the student has copied the
wording of the original text.
74, Why is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

Original: "AI systems have already become far too complicated for the
average person to understand, let alone repair, so there will be new
roles created which will require people who can act as intermediaries
between computers and humans." Bollegala, D. (2016, May 5). Robot
revolution: rise of the intelligent automated workforce.
theconversation.com. Retrieved from
Student's paraphrase: The growing use of AI in society does not

preclude job growth. There are those that argue that, instead, the use
of AI will lead to new forms of employment. For example, because
machine learning systems have already become far too complicated for
ordinary people to understand or fix, there will be new jobs that will
emerge which will require people who can act as mediators between AI
systems and humans (Bollegala, 2016). (Refer to 4.1, 4.3)
A. They have used a distinctive idea without referencing.
B. They have used a distinctive structure without referencing.
C. They have copied distinctive words and phrases.
D. They have copied data from a particular source.
75, What referencing system is used in the following example of

student writing?
In text “Other possible implications of AI replacing humans in
between the two. Bollegala (2016) points out that possible ethical
implications might vary in importance with, for example, medical
diagnoses outweighing other forms of ethical infractions.”
End text “Bollegala, D. (2016) Robot revolution: rise of the intelligent

automated workforce. theconversation.com. Retrieved from
automated-workforce-58252)” (Refer to 4.2)
A. Endnote
B. Footnote
C. In-text citing
D. Vancouver style
76, What referencing system is used in the following example of
student writing?
In-text “Other possible implications of AI replacing humans in
between the two. Bollegala points out that possible ethical implications
might vary in importance with, for example, medical diagnoses
outweighing other forms of ethical infractions4.”
End text “4 Ibid., loc cit.” (Refer to 4.2)

A. Endnote
B. Footnote
C. In-text citing
D. APA style
77, The following example of in-text and end-text writing is from a

student using an endnote referencing system. The first and third
references are to the Noda et al. (2013) article, and the second is from
the Bollegala (2016) article. Has the student referenced correctly?
In-text: “There are also potential benefits to the use of artificial

intelligence in medical contexts. Researchers report that robotic
surgery can be used to assist in areas such as eye surgery, which
requires a high level of detailed work in a small area5. Despite the
potential for issues with ethics becomes greater with these uses6,
examples of robotic surgery such as these are commonly found in
hospitals around the world5.”
End-text: “5. Noda Y, Ida Y, Tanaka S, Toyama T, Roggia M, Tamaki Y Et
al. Impact of Robotic Assistance on Precision of Vitreoretinal Surgical
Procedures. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1): e54116.
6. Bollegala D. Robot revolution: rise of the intelligent automated
workforce [Internet]. The Conversation. 2016 [cited 9 June 2016].
Available from: http://theconversation.com/robot-revolution-rise-of-
the-intelligent-automated-workforce-58252”
Has the student referenced correctly? (Refer to 4.2)
A. The student has referenced correctly.

B. The student has not referenced correctly because they should use
the word 'ibid.' in the end-text referencing list.
C. The student has not referenced properly because the end-text
references should be in alphabetical order.
D. The student has not referenced properly because the in-text
references should be listed as 5, 6 and 7.
78, Below is an original quote from the Noda et al. article, and also the
Original quote "Recently robot-assisted surgery has broadened its
worldwide." (Noda et al., 2013, pg 1)”
Student's writing “Another important innovation has been the advent
of robotic surgery, which Noda et al. (2013, pg 1) write "has been ...
introduced into surgical theaters worldwide".
Has the student used the quote correctly or incorrectly? If it is

incorrect, why is it correct? (Refer to 4.3a)
C. The student's use of the quote is incorrect because they should have
capitalized the 'h' in "has".
have used ellipses.
79, Below is an original quote from the Bollegala article, and also the
- Original quote: "AI systems have already become far too complicated
for the average person to understand, let alone repair, so there will be
new roles created which will require people who can act as
intermediaries between computers and humans" (Bollegala, 2013).
- Student's writing: “Due to the high levels of complexity in AI systems,
there will be increasing numbers of jobs in the future for "...
Intermediaries between computers and humans" (Bollegala, 2013).”
- Has the student used the quote correctly or incorrectly? If it is
incorrect, why? (Refer to 4.3a)
C. The student's use of the quote is incorrect because they shouldn't
have capitalized the 'i' in "Intermediaries".
have used ellipses.
80, Is the following indirect quote from the Noda et al. article a good
summary?
- Original "In conclusion, through the in-vitro evaluation of robot-
assisted vitreoretinal surgical procedures compared to manual
procedures, benefits of robotic assistance for the sophisticated
vitreoretinal surgeries was confirmed" (Noda et al., 2013, p. 5).
- Summary “According to Noda et al. (2013), research confirms the
benefits of robotic intervention in in-vitro fertilization procedures.”
A. It is a good summary.
B. It is not a good summary because it is too short.
C. It is not a good summary because it incorrectly references the
original information source.
D. It is not a good summary because the writer has misunderstood the
original source.
81, Which of the following statements about copyright are NOT true?
A. Copyright is a moral right.
B. Copyright is an economic right.
C. Copyright laws vary from country to country.
D. University students are exempt from copyright laws.
82, What is generally the rule regarding student's use of academic

journal articles downloaded from paid databases?
A. They can only be read on library computers.
B. They are for personal research only.
C. They can only be shared with students by academic staff at
university.
D. You first need to get a database license before you can access or use
them.
83, What should you do if you use intellectual property in your work at
university and you are not the copyright owner? Check 2 options.
1. Make sure you understand the copyright license.
2. Cite it properly.
3. Apply a Creative Commons license to your work.
4. Use the work for non-commercial uses only.
84, Why is it useful for a university student to know about Creative

Commons licensing?
A. Because using Creative Commons licensed content can reduce your
chances of infringing copyright law.
B. Because Creative Commons licensed material can be freely used and
remixed into your own work.
C. Because Creative Commons licensing is the most common form of
copyright licensing for university material.
D. Because Creative Commons is best kind of licensing to be applied to
university assignments.
85, Which of the following statements best describes a personal

learning network?
A. An online network of people and information sources that can
assist your learning.
B. A network of students that help each other with university
assessments.
C. A social network that involves you in the main discussions in your
field.
D. A network of people and information sources.
86, What does it mean to 'prune' your personal learning network?

A. It means to reduce the number of information sources you receive.
B. It means to cut people out of personal learning network if you
don't find their contributions useful.
C. It means to reduce the number of devices you use to access your
personal learning network.
D. It means to reduce the number of apps you use as part of personal
learning network.
87, Which is the best way to describe your online 'social identity'?
A. Personal data shared online through social networking services.
B. a positive image of your professional experience online
C. Information you give about yourself while completing transactions
online.
D. your bio on Twitter, Facebook and Linkedin
88, Which of the following are ways to take control of your online
identity? Check 3 options.
1. expect unexpected audiences
2. Set up a LinkedIn profile.
3. Treat video, audio and images like text.
4. Have a public profile that you maintain.
5. Email lecturers and introduce yourself.
89, Which of these Twitter bios is best?

A. Passionate pop culture enthusiast. Social media junkie. Avid blogger.
Retweets do not mean endorsements.
B. I am a researcher focusing on the DNA of earthworms and trying to
apply their genetic adaptations to use with human DNA.
C. Creative. Dynamic. Motivated.
D. A mum and a wife with a cool day job writing children's books.
2. Respect other people's privacy.

5. Forgive others' mistakes.
90, Which of the following are some of Shea's (2005) Netiquette
recommendations? Check 2 options.
1. Keep emails short and concise.
2. Respect other people's privacy.
3. Don't use emojis.
4. Respond quickly to emails.
5. Forgive others' mistakes.
91, Read the following email from a student to her lecturer.

To: [email protected]
From: [email protected]
Subject:
Hey prof,
I'm Chantelle Thomas from your Accounting 102 course "Management
Accounting.' I've really enjoyed the course, and I think some of your
lectures are really funny. Some of the activities in tutorial are a bit
difficult though 😵
Anyway, I want an extension for the second assignment that's due on
Friday. I can give it to you the next Monday cos I'll have time 2 write it
on the weekend.
Thanks,
Chantelle
What rules from lesson 5.4b on writing emails has Chantelle broken?
Check 5 options.
1. Don't use text speak.
2. Don't use emojis.
3. Never write an email when you are upset or angry.
4. Always include a subject.
5. Introduce yourself.
6. Be formal.
7. Be specific and concise.
92, Which of the following should you do when participating in

reflection/debate forums?
A. Be formal.
B. Write between 250-300 words.
C. Not be subjective.
D. Reference posts.
93, Which of the following situations would be an infringement of

copyright law? (Refer to 5.1a)
A. A university Dramatic society producing a play. The play was
specifically written by a student for the production.
B. Science students marketing a product they developed at university.
C. A student making a few photocopies from a university library book
for his or her own study purposes.
D. A student using images from the internet, downloaded from
National Geographic online without permission, for their assignment.
94, Bashir is creating a PowerPoint for an assessed presentation at

university. He would like to illustrate some of his points using images
from the web. Which of the following pieces of advice would you give
to Bashir so that he doesn't infringe copyright? Check 2 options.
1. You can use any images from the web as long as you cite them
correctly.
2. Check the copyright license on any image you find to see if you can
use it.
3. Try to use images with Creative Commons licensing which allow
reuse.
4. It is OK to use images with Creative Commons licensing as long as
you change them in some way.
95, You are studying Economics at university, and you are interested in
developing your Personal Learning Network (PLN). Which of the
following would be good to include in your PLN? Check 3 options.
1. A blog with interesting posts written by academics, although only a
few of them are about Economics.
2. The Twitter feed of the Finance Minister of your country; however,
you think politics is really dull.
3. The Facebook profile of a fellow Economics student who always
gets good marks at university.
4. The Twitter feed of a well-known publication that posts interesting
economics statistics.
96, You are studying Economics at university. You would like to 'prune'
your PLN. Which of the following items should you remove, according
to lesson 5.2? (Refer to 5.2). Check 2 options.
1. The Twitter feed of a Nobel prize winning economist who never
posts anything.
2. The Tumblr blog post feed of a fellow student who posts strange and
wonderful posts on all kinds of subjects, including Economics.
3. Following the Facebook posts of a political party because you
wanted to see updates on economic policy, although you hate politics
and it bores you.
4. The Twitter feed of one of your tutors who posts controversial
articles that challenge many of the core assumptions of mainstream
economics.
97, Which of the following are examples of your transactional identity

online? (Refer to 5.3a). Check 2 options.
1. Your log in details for eBay
2. Your LinkedIn profile
3. Your online banking account
4. An email discussion list for people in the same industry
5. Your Facebook account
6. Your Instagram account
98, Which of the following are examples of your professional identity
online? (Refer to 5.3a). Check 2 options.
1. Your log in details for eBay
2. Your LinkedIn profile
3. Your online banking account
4. An email discussion list for people in the same industry
5. Your Facebook account
6. Your Instagram account
99, Michaela Wen is a PhD student at the University of Sydney. His PhD
topic is about exploring the use of a new type of neutron beam to map
small crystalline solids. He is setting up a Twitter account. What is the
best Twitter bio for him? (Refer to 5.3b). Check one option.
A. Science geek and PhD candidate at USyd. I shoot very small lasers
into very small crystals.
B. PhD candidate at the University of Sydney researching the efficacy of
neutron beams to elucidate the structure of crystalline solids.
C. Science geek. Crystallography guru. Avid cyclist.
D. Motivated. Committed. Passionate.
100, Consider the following email from a student to his lecturer.

"Dear Dr Archer,
My name is Kosta Poulos and I am a student in your APPSCI 102 course
Exercise Science 2. I am writing to inform you that I will unfortunately
be late to tomorrow's tutorial. I am a member of the Cronulla Sharks
under-21s third grade side, and we are currently 2nd on the league
table. However, we have an important game on Saturday with the no. 1
team, and because of this we will have a late training session the night
before. The training session will run late, and I have never been good at
waking up early, so I will need to sleep in. As a result I will be late to the
tutorial. If there's anything important that I will miss, could you please
let me know somehow. Thank you for your understanding.
Best regards,
Kosta"
Is the email well-written? Why or why not? (Refer to 5.4b, 5.4c)
A. It is well-written.
B. It is not well-written because it is too informal.
C. It is not well-written because Kosta didn't say 'thank you'.
D. It is not well-written because it is not concise.
101, Consider the following post on a reflection/debate forum in an

Education subject.
Discussion question: What is your view on Vygotsky's notion of the

zone of proximal development? Can you relate it to any examples in
your own life?
Student 109573: I think Vygotsky's (1930) notion of proximal

development is a great way to understand education and how we
might better support learning. It also moves away from a very
individual or cognitive notion of education towards a more social
model. It also gives greater importance to the role of teachers or other
experts in children's development compared to other thinkers such as
Piaget (1926), where the emphasis is much more on the individual
development of the child. It is also certainly evident in my life,
particularly in learning Chinese. I grew up in a large country town with
almost no Chinese people in it, so I was unable to learn Chinese
naturally. However my Chinese high school teacher effectively
scaffolded my Chinese language learning so that I took it as subject in
my university entrance exams. Without that scaffolding I would never
have reached that level of use or expertise.
Is the discussion board entry well-written? Why or why not?
A. Yes, it is well-written.
B. No, it is not well-written because it is too informal.
C. No, it is not well-written because it doesn't refer to course content.
D. No, it is not well-written because it is too short.
102, Consider the reply to the previous post on a reflection/debate

forum in an Education subject.
Discussion question: What is your view on Vygotsky's notion of the

zone of proximal development? Can you relate it to any examples in
your own life?
Student 109573: I think Vygotsky's (1930) notion of proximal
development is a great way to understand education and how we
might better support learning. It also moves away from a very
individual or cognitive notion of education towards a more social
model. It also gives greater importance to the role of teachers or other
experts in children's development compared to other thinkers such as
Piaget (1926), where the emphasis is much more on the >individual
development of the child. It is also certainly evident in my life,
particularly in learning Chinese. I grew up in a large country town with
almost no Chinese people in it, so I was unable to learn Chinese
naturally. However my Chinese high school teacher effectively
scaffolded my Chinese language learning so that I took it as subject in
my university entrance exams. Without that scaffolding I would never
have reached that level of use or expertise.
Student 285727: I agree. Vygotsky's (1930) ZPD idea is very useful. I
think of my soccer training in relation to this. My coach used to mix up
the younger players with the older players so that the younger players
could learn from the more experienced players.
Is the discussion board entry well-written? Why or why not?
A. Yes, it is well-written.
B. No, it is not well-written because it is too informal.
C. No, it is not well-written because it doesn't refer to course content.
D. No, it is not well-written because it is too short.
103, Which of the following are learning objectives for this MOOC?
Check all that apply.
appropriately according to cultural and societal presentation
2. Recognize the importance & function of problem solving & creative
thought within academic studio
3. Critically evaluate the reliability of sources for an academic
academic culture.
5. Apply problem-solving strategies to issues related to university life
& study.
104, What percentage of your total marks is the final summative
assessment worth? Check one option only.
(a). 5%
(b). 15%
(c). 50%
(d). 35%

1. In video questions & polls.
2. Practice quizzes after each lesson.
3. Summative quizzes after each module.
4. Discussion board posts.
5. Final summative assessment.
106, What is problem-solving?

Check one option.
(a). Working with numbers.
(b). The process of figuring out the answer(s) or solution(s) to a
question, issue or difficulty.
(c). Being highly critical of academic work.
107, What is academic culture? Check one option.

(a). clothes and other paraphernalia with the university's logo printed
on them
(b). the types of food available on campus
(c). the beliefs, principles and approaches to study, work and life that
a university upholds
108, What is the purpose of problem-solving tasks at university?

Check two options.
1. Lecturers give students difficult problems they can't figure out for
themselves.
2. Problem solving tasks are given so that students can become
familiar with certain problem types.
3. Problem solving tasks are given so that students can demonstrate
their knowledge of an area and their ability to synthesize information,
make arguments and make judgements.
4. Lecturers give problem solving tasks to keep students entertained in
otherwise boring classes.
109, What should students do before they start university?

Check 3 options.
1. Ask themselves where their passion meets the world's greatest
needs.
2. Ask themselves if their degree is important.\
4. Do their research and choose courses they find interesting.
5. Get to know the university campus in person or online.
6. Do no research and leave everything up to fate.
110, Why is it important to look after your own learning at university?

Check one option.
(a). You won't have the same direction or support from your teachers
as you did in high school.
(b). Your lecturers don't care about you.
111, What can you do to make the most of your time at university?
Check three options.
1. Try a lot of different things.
2. Spend all of your time studying and learning the material.
3. Volunteer.
4. Overload on courses so that you can study a lot of different subjects.
5. Get to know your professors and create good network.
112, What is academic integrity? Choose one option.

(a). Understanding academic culture in its entirety, without dividing it
into different parts.
(b). Behaving ethically and responsibly at university.
(c). Not cheating in exams.
113, Which of the following situations would be a breach of academic

integrity? Check two options.
1. Borrowing a friend's notes from class
2. Re-using the exact same paragraph from an essay you wrote for a
different class in a new essay.
3. Having a friend read-over your essay to check for meaning and clarity
4. Paying someone outside of the university to write your essay
because you aren't feeling well.
114, It's 4.30pm, and Mary has just submitted her essay for
Introduction to Microbiology online. She feels pretty confident she did
well. She spent a lot of time researching, and was able to provide good
evidence for most of her claims. However, as she is closing down her
computer she realizes that she accidentally submitted her draft version,
which is missing many of her in-text and end-of-text references for her
assignment. The online form won't let her submit the essay again.
Mary is very concerned that this will be counted as plagiarism.
What should Mary do? Check one option.
(a). Email her lecturer immediately with the final version of her essay
attached, give a brief explanation and apologize.
(b). Wait until the next day when she can go and see her lecturer.
(c). Nothing, it isn't a big deal.
(d). Email her lecturer immediately, explain what happened and
apologize for the mix-up but don't attach the final version.
(e). Get advice from student services.
115, According to this module, universities are not just trying to train
you for a job role, but are also trying to prepare you . . .
Refer to lesson 1.4a. Choose one option.
(a) . . . to conduct qualitative research.
(b) . . . to not cheat.
(c) . . . to not become involved in political scandals.
(d) . . . to behave ethically.
116, Stuart is an international student not used to writing in English. He

has a 1,000-word essay due in a week. He knows that while his ideas
are good, his structure and grasp of academic language are pretty bad.
He asks his friend Liam, a native English speaker, to check his essay for
him and suggest how he can improve it.
When Liam gives him the essay back, Stuart is amazed. Liam has nicely
re-written whole paragraphs of Stuart's ideas and obviously put a lot of
effort into making it sound academic.
However, Stuart is a little worried because he can barely recognize the
essay - he even had to translate a few words!
What kind of academic misconduct would Stuart be committing if he
handed it in?
Refer to lesson 1.4a. Check one option.
(a). Cheating
(b). Plagiarism
(c). Facilitation of academic misconduct
(d). Fabrication of data
(e). Falsification of data
(f). It isn't academic misconduct because Stuart wrote the original.
117, Myer has just had a really long day and is finishing up a Physics
experiment in the lab. When Myer goes to save the data she's been
working on, her computer malfunctions and she is forced to restart it.
Unfortunately, because of this, Myer has just lost all of the results from
the experiments she's been doing for the past three hours.
Myer is horrified and quickly starts to write down all of the numbers
that she remembers. She can accurately remember half of them, is
pretty confident about another 30%, but has no idea what the final 20%
are. She checks the time and realizes that if she starts the experiment
again she will be in the lab until 11pm, and she is already exhausted.
What should Myer do? Refer to lesson 1.4a. Check one option.
(a). Have a break, calm down and come back and do the experiment
again. She needs to have the proper results.
(b). Write down all the results she remembers and then guess the final
20%. She knows 80% of the data, so it isn't a big deal.
118, Considering the same example as above;

Myer has just had a really long day and is finishing up a Physics
experiment in the lab. When Myer goes to save the data she's been
working on, her computer malfunctions and she is forced to restart it.
Unfortunately, because of this, Myer has just lost all of the results from
the experiments she's been doing for the past three hours.
Myer is horrified and quickly starts to write down all of the numbers
that she remembers. She can accurately remember half of them, is
pretty confident about another 30%, but has no idea what the final 20%
are. She checks the time and realizes that if she starts the experiment
again she will be in the lab until 11pm, and she is already exhausted.
If Myer decides to go with b) "Write down all the results she
remembers and then guess the final 20%", what kind of academic
misconduct is she committing?
(a). She isn't committing academic misconduct because she knows that
80% of the data is correct.
(b). This is an example of cheating.
(c). This is an example of fabrication or falsification of data.
(d). This is an example of self-plagiarism.
119, According to the module, how often do you use problem-solving

skills while at university? Refer to lesson 1.2b. Check one option.
(a). Only occasionally when your lecturers want to give you brain
teasers.
(b). Only Mathematics, Pure Science and Engineering students use
problem-solving skills at university.
(c). Problem-solving tasks are the back-bone of university study and as
such you use problem-solving skills on a day to day basis.
(d). You will need to use problem solving skills in exams, but not
generally at other times.
120, What are the three parts to a problem? Check one option.
(a). The initial state, solution path and goal
(b). The solution, the path and the goal
(c). The questioner, the question and the answer
121, Consider the following problem from a university course:

"In 2006, Mt Red High School, a public school in Sydney's inner-west,
ranked 1st in NSW for HSC Physics and Biology. Since 2013, however,
there has been a sharp decline in Physics scores and this year only 3
students signed up for the course. A study was done that indicates
students are losing interest in Science during year 9. Design a
curriculum outline with the aim of increasing interest in Science. Your
curriculum outline should include the sequence of units, descriptions of
each unit, and all assessments for the course." What is the goal of this
problem? Check one option.
(a). To design an interesting science curriculum
(b). To design an interesting year 9 Physics and Biology curriculum
incorporating ICTs
(c). To design a year 9 Science curriculum to increase student interest
in science
122, What is a knowledge-lean problem? Check one option.

(a). A problem where the solver has no experience with the kind of
problem
(b). A problem where the solution path or goal is unknown or up to
interpretation
(c). A problem where little to no prior knowledge is needed to solve it
(d). A problem where you need to research the issue or know a lot
about the topic in order to solve it
123, Where are you most likely to find a descriptive task or problem?
Check two options.
1. At the beginning of a test or exam
2. In easy courses
3. Embedded into analytical questions
4. Only in Arts courses
124, How much are descriptive tasks or problems worth in relation to

other types of assessment in terms of grades?
Check one option.
(a). Descriptive tasks and problems, because they ask you to display
facts and knowledge, are usually worth the most towards your grade.
(b). Descriptive tasks and problems are worth nothing towards your
grade at university.
(c). Descriptive tasks and problems are usually worth less marks than
other types of assessment.
125, Which of the following are descriptive tasks or simple problems?

1. Analyze the role of ritual as a means of social control in early Mayan
culture.
2. List the symptoms of the common cold.
3. Given an isosceles triangle with two side measuring 5cm each and
one side measuring 6cm, find the area inside the triangle.
4. According to the 2007 census results, what percentage of
Australian's identify as religious?
5. What recommendations would you give to the mayor of a small,
relatively unknown city who wanted to encourage immigration to her
city?
126, The difference between an analytical task and a descriptive task

is... Check one option.
(a). A descriptive task will always ask you to describe, whereas an
analytical task always asks you to analyze.
(b). A descriptive task asks for you to present knowledge or facts
whereas an analytical task asks for new knowledge creation or
interpretation by the respondent.
(c). You only get descriptive tasks in high school and analytical tasks at
university.
127, "Shakespeare's legacy to successive generations is his firm faith in

human potential. His writing challenges us to reach beyond our grasp
and gives us the wherewithal to imagine our future (Bell Shakespeare
Company, 2016). Discuss with reference to Hamlet.
(a). A descriptive task
(b). An analytical task
128, Consider the following question from a university course:

"Examine the use of electronic voting system Votomatic in the 2000
Florida US presidential elections. Should they be used in future
elections in order to speed up the slow processing of paper ballots?"
This is an example of: Check one option.
(a). A descriptive problem
(b). An analytical problem
129, Consider the following simple problem.

"Given an isosceles triangle with two sides measuring 5cm each and
one side measuring 6cm, find the area inside the triangle." What would
be the first step in solving this problem? Check one option.
(a). Draw an isosceles triangle with two equal sides of 5cm and one
side of 6cm.
(b). Use Pythagoras' formula a2 + b2 = c2.
(c). 12cm2
130, Consider the following problem given in the lesson for 2.2a:
" A) Find each class' average mark for each test."
What would be the last step you would do before handing this question
in to be marked? Check one option.
(a). Write down each class' average mark for each test in the space
provided.
(b). Plot the results on a graph.
(c). Double-check your results and make sure that they make sense
with the data.
(d). Highlight which students are performing at an average level.
131, In the Design Thinking model of problem-solving, what does

'iterative' mean? Check one option.
(a). Trying the same thing again and again and expecting different
results
(b). Adapting or changing a strategy or solution until you find the best
solution to the problem
(c). Changing the goal so that it aligns with the solution you found.
(d). Trying to solve lots of different problems at once

"A gallon of gasoline has the potential energy of approximately 276.3
MJ. Assume that a gasoline engine is driving a generator and the
generator is supplying electricity to a 50 W lamp. The overall efficiency
(from gasoline to electrical energy) of the engine-generator set is 15%.
How long will the lamp provide light from one gallon of gasoline?
(Adapted from: Eide, Jenison, Northup, & Mickelson, 2011, p. 392)
What is the goal of this problem? Check one option.
(a). To find out how efficient the engine-generator is
(b). To find the length of time the lamp will provide light from one
gallon of gasoline
(c). To find the potential energy of one gallon of gasoline
(d). To find the length of time the lamp will provide light from one litre
of gasoline
there has been a sharp decline the Physics scores and this year only 3
each unit, and all assessments for the course."
Is this an example of: Refer to lesson 2.1b. Check one option.
(a). An ill-defined problem
(b). A well-defined problem
134, Consider the following problem from a Landscape Architecture

course: "A local government has put out a tender for a park design in
the middle of a newly-residential area. They have plotted out an area of
2 hectares in a rough polygon shape. The area is relatively flat, but is
surrounded by ten-story apartment buildings on three sides, a busy
road to the north and a small side-street on the last side towards the
east. The local population is a mix of young families, local university
students and young professionals and is very multicultural.
The brief for the park indicates that it should "embody the community
spirit" and "encourage a fit and healthy lifestyle". Develop a proposal
that answers the brief and is both sustainable and ecological."
What is the goal this problem? Refer to lesson 2.1a. Check one option.
(a). A proposal that embodies the community spirit and encourages a fit
and healthy lifestyle
(b). A proposal that is sustainable and ecological
(c). A proposal that fits into the 2-hectare polygon
(d). Both a. and b.
(e). Both b. and c.
(f). a., b. and c.
135, Consider the following problem:

Two cars are stopped at either end of a 100km highway. At the same
time, they both start driving towards each other. Car A travels at
20km/hr and car B travels at 30km/hr. At the same time as the cars
start, a dog jumps out of Car A and runs towards car B at 50km/hr.
When the dog reaches car B, he immediately turns around and runs
back to car A. He repeats this until the cars collide.
If the dog stops running as soon as the cars meet, how far has he run?
Use the equation: speed = distance/time. Refer to lesson 2.1b
Is this an example of?
(a). An ill-defined problem
(b). A well-defined problem

"List the causes and the signs and symptoms of labyrinthitis (an inner
ear infection)." In answering this descriptive task, which of the
following would you be expected to do: Check one option
(a). Explain the causes of labyrinthitis and the reasons why this results
in particular signs and symptoms.
(b). Work through a case study of a patient with labyrinthitis, explaining
the specific causes in their case and the signs and symptoms they
exhibited.
(c). List the signs and symptoms of labyrinthitis. For example, vertigo is
a symptom.
(d). List the causes of labyrinthitis. For example, suggest that the
common cold or flu is often thought to be a cause, but the exact cause
is unknown.
(e). Both (c). and (d).
(f). Both (a). and (c).

"Shakespeare's legacy to successive generations is his firm faith in
human potential." (Bell Shakespeare Company, 2016). Discuss with
reference to Hamlet. In answering this analytical task, which of the
following would you be expected to do? Check three options.
1. Summarize the plot of Hamlet.
2. List all of Shakespeare's works.
3. Provide evidence for or against Shakespeare's "firm faith in human
potential" in other plays.
4. Provide evidence for or against Shakespeare's "firm faith in human
potential" in Hamlet.
5. State whether you agree or disagree with the quote.
138, Consider this problem from a Landscape Architecture course:
"A local government has put out a tender for a park design in the
middle of a newly-residential area. They have plotted out an area of 2
hectares in a rough polygon shape. The area is relatively flat, but is
students and young professionals and is very multi-cultural.
Which of the following must be included in your proposal?
Refer to lessons 2.2a, 2.3a and 2.3b. Check three options.
1. A list of all of all the different cultures in the surrounding community
2. Reference to different theories
3. Local community opinions on sustainability
4. Reference to research on sustainable and ecological park
development
5. Your own ideas

there has been a sharp decline in Physics scores and this year only 3
each unit, and all assessments for the course."
In solving this problem, how many different solutions would you give?
Refer to lessons 2.3b, 2.4a and 2.4b. Check one option.
(a). More than 30 different solutions: It is a big problem, so you need to
consider lots and lots of different strategies.
(b). One strategy: You need to be focused and specific when you are
completing a university assignment, so solution is all you have time for.
(c). 3 - 4 different solutions: You need to try a few to see what works
best, and then present a few different options in your answer.
140, Look at the following problem from a university course.

"Using Merleau Ponty's theory of phenomenology and the process of
'becoming an expert', how long would it take for the average person to
learn to ride a horse from scratch? (Post your answer on the discussion
board - 200 words)" What are the key terms you would need to define
in order to answer this question adequately? Check six options.
1. Merleau Ponty
2. The average person
3. Merleau Ponty's theory of phenomenology
4. The process of 'becoming an expert'
5. Ride a horse.
6. Doing something from scratch.
7. Time
8. Person
9. Expert
141, Using the same question as above, "Using Merleau Ponty's theory
of phenomenology and the process of 'becoming an expert', how long
would it take for the average person to learn to ride a horse from
scratch? (Post your answer on the discussion board - 200 words)"
What unit would your answer be in? Check one option
(a). Time (e.g. days, weeks, months, lessons etc.)
(b). Distance (e.g. kilometers or miles)
(c). Written essay
142, Using the same question as above, "Using Merleau Ponty's theory
of phenomenology and the process of 'becoming an expert', how long
would it take for the average person to learn to ride a horse from
scratch? (Post your answer on the discussion board - 200 words)" Is the
following sufficient to answer the real problem posed in the question?
"After riding for 25km over the period of a week, the average person
would be able to ride by themselves." Check one option.
(a). Yes. The answer is short, but answers the question of "how long
would it take".
(b). No. The answer doesn't define what was meant by "the average
person".
(c). No. The answer doesn't define key terms and it doesn't use
Merleau Ponty's theory of phenomenology or the process of
becoming an expert.
143, Consider the following problem from a university Physics course:
"British R.A.F. Sergeant Nicholas Stephen Alkemade fell around 5.5km
from a burning airplane during World War 2 without a parachute. He
fell through pine trees and landed in fresh snow, but survived. Explain
how this is possible, assuming a person can withstand 15, 000 Newtons
over 5 seconds and survive*." *Please do not test this at home, this
number is not accurate! In answering this question, what would you do
after you have defined and think you understand the question?
Check one option.
(a). Explain that it is possible if and only if the depth of snow was
greater than 20m and its density was less than 600kg/m3.
(b). Write down all the things you know that might relate: for
example, acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s2; fresh snow is soft;
trees branches would help break the fall; air resistance would slow
you down; human flesh and bone can withstand certain amounts of
force before they are damaged.
(c). Write down all the things you know related to how it happened: for
example, he was British and survived, therefore he probably landed in
England; the Germans most likely shot down the plane.
144, What is a brainstorm? Check one option.

(a). A brainstorm is a type of headache that students typically get when
they have been staring at a computer for too long.
(b). A brainstorm is where you write down absolutely everything you
know about a topic on a piece of paper.
(c). A brainstorm is where you are selective about what you write down
on a piece of paper, ensuring that everything is relevant and connected.
145, What is a mind map? Check one option.
(a). A mind map is where you write down absolutely everything you
know about a topic on a piece of paper, and then draw connecting lines
between some of the information.
(b). A mind map is where you write down key points on a piece of paper
and draw lines between the main ideas.
(c). A mind map is where you write down key points on a piece of
paper, draw lines between the main ideas showing how they connect
to each other and the topic, and then write down evidence or extra
information coming off each of the points.
146, According to the lecture, how will you gain the specialized
knowledge required to solve the problems in a course?
Check one option.
(a). By reading and memorizing the textbook and course notes
(b). By attending the lectures and tutorials
(c). You already have it in prior knowledge, for example from
prerequisite courses or assumed knowledge from high school.
(d). You need to do extra research.
(e). All of the above.
147, Consider the following question from a university course:

"A construction company has recently seen a significant increase in
accidents on worksites. Workers are angry about the accidents and are
threatening strikes, and management are worried about their
employees' safety and loss of productivity. What solutions would you
suggest to help reduce the number of accidents?"
Imagine that you have to write an essay-style response to this question.
What kind of specialised knowledge might be helpful? Check 3 options.
1. The history of strikes and any sociological or economic theories on
the causes of strikes.
2. Other construction companies' Workplace Health & Safety
guidelines
3. Published research articles from a journal called Journal of Safety
Research
4. Theories from Sociology, Psychology or Human Resources that
relate to accident prevention.
5. Management theories that relate to increasing motivation and
productivity in employees.
148, Consider the following question: "A car weighing 920kg and
travelling at 80km/hr drives directly into a brick wall. What is the force
of the car hitting the wall?" Which of the following formulas would be
most appropriate to use in this situation?
(a). Force = Mass (kg) x Acceleration (m/s)
(b). Energy = Mass x C2, where c = the speed of light
(c). Momentum = mass x velocity
149, Consider the following problem: "You have just been hired as the
new CEO of a major multi-national company. A company-wide survey
has revealed that there is high absenteeism, low productivity and that
31% of employees are bored or otherwise unsatisfied with their work.
Additionally, 13% are seriously considering offers from rival companies.
The company is losing money, and work that should take a few days is
taking weeks to complete. What are some leadership measures that
you could put in place to help improve workplace productivity and
morale?" Which of the following case studies could you choose to use?
Check all that apply
1. A case study of a small, local business with high morale, high
productivity and strong employee and customer loyalty
2. A case study of a major multi-national company with high morale,
high productivity and strong employee and customer loyalty
3. A case study of how the CEO of a large company changed workplace
culture from a similar state and increased her employee's work-life
balance and work satisfaction.
4. A case study of how a principle in a large international high school
with high absenteeism, low marks and low school-pride managed to
change the school culture, increasing the students' school-pride and
satisfaction.
150, How can using 'negative cases' or 'deviant cases' (cases that don't
fit existing or initial theories about a subject) help us to solve
problems? Check two options.
1. Hearing about deviant cases can provide an interesting narrative for
people reading your essay on a subject.
2. You can use them to test initial hunches about something.
3. You can produce more nuanced and refined ideas and solutions.
151, Consider the following problem "Children who live in an inner city
suburb are presenting at a local health clinic with higher than average
levels of obesity. Address some of the possible causes for this, and
suggest some programs to address the problem." After some initial
research you believe that there are two main factors related to
childhood obesity in this area: parental influence and lower socio-
economic background. If you were to research this further, which of the
following would count as negative or deviant cases? Check 2 options.
1. Parents from a lower socio-economic background who are
overweight.
2. A child from a lower socio-economic background who is overweight,
and who comes from a family where all of the family members are
overweight or obese.
3. A child from a lower socio-economic group who is not overweight,
and who comes from a family where all of the family members are
overweight or obese.
4. A child from a lower socio-economic group who is overweight and
whose parents are at a healthy weight.
152, Consider the following task from a university course:

reference to Hamlet. What are the key terms you would need to define
in order to answer this analytical task adequately? Check 3 options.
1. Shakespeare's legacy
2. Human potential
3. What the play Hamlet teaches or tries to teach us
4. What Shakespeare thinks of human potential
5. Successive generations
Two cars are stopped at either end of a 100km highway. At the same
time, they both start driving towards each other. Car A travels at
20km/hr and car B travels at 30km/hr. At the same time as the cars
start, a dog jumps out of Car A and runs towards car B at 50km/hr.
When the dog reaches car B, he immediately turns around and runs
back to car A. He repeats this until the cars collide.
If the dog stops running as soon as the cars meet, how far has he run?
Use the equation: speed = distance/time.
What SI (Standard International) unit of measurement should the
answer to this problem be in?
Refer to lesson 3.1a, 3.1b and 3.1c. Check one option.
(a). Kilometers
(b). Minutes
(c). Km/hr
(d). m/s
(e). Miles

"A gallon of gasoline has the potential energy of approximately 276.3
MJ. Assume that a gasoline engine is driving a generator and the
generator is supplying electricity to a 50 W lamp. The overall efficiency
(from gasoline to electrical energy) of the engine-generator set is 15%.
How long will the lamp provide light from one gallon of gasoline?
(Adapted from: Eide, Jenison, Northup, & Mickelson, 2011, p. 392)
What SI (Standard International) unit of measurement should the
answer to this problem be in? Check one option.
(a). Mega Joules
(b). Watts
(c). Gallons
(d). Seconds

"The building manager for a brand new apartment building in the
center of the city has been receiving complaints about how slow the
elevators are. As the building is still under construction, the problem is
the worst at peak hour when the workers use the lifts to bring their
tools and materials up to the top floors, however he still gets a lot of
complaints at other times. The building manager decides to hire a work
crew to come in and try and speed up the elevators, but unfortunately
they tell him it isn't possible. The construction won't be finished for
another few months, so he needs to figure out how to get the elevators
to work faster. It is starting to stress him out and the residents are
getting more annoyed. On the day that the construction crew bring in
the mirrors for the apartments on level 11, he notices that he receives
no complaints. The complaints start up again the next day, but oddly
when the mirrors are delivered for level 12 there are no complaints
either. The manager suddenly realizes how he can reduce the number
of complaints and installs mirrors next to the elevators on each floor.
He also installs mirrors in each of the elevators and now only receives
only one complaint a month." Adapted from Fogler & LeBlanc, 2011
What was the real problem? Check one option.
(a). The residents were bored waiting for the elevators.
(b). The residents were annoyed at not having mirrors
(c). The elevators were slow.
(d). The residents didn't like the workers using their elevators.
156, Consider the following problem from a Landscape Architecture

course: "A local government has put out a tender for a park design in
the middle of a newly-residential area. They have plotted out an area of
2 hectares in a rough polygon shape. The area is relatively flat, but is
students and young professionals and is very multi-cultural.
When developing a brainstorm or mind-map, what would be some of
the key points that you should start with? Check one option.
(a). Community spirit; Fit and Healthy Lifestyle; Sustainable; Ecological
(b). Young professionals; University students; Young families
(d). Newly residential; apartment living; busy road; multi-cultura
157, Consider the following brain-teaser problem:
"What letters are missing from the sequence? ACE, GIK, M__ __, SUW "
What specialized knowledge does the question rely on?
(a). Knowledge of the English alphabet
(b). Knowledge of English three-letter words
(c). Knowledge of government acronyms
(d). Knowledge of card-games
158, Pattern recognition is a form of problem-solving with special cases.

Let's see if you can apply it. What letters are missing from the
sequence? ACE, GIK, M__ __, SUW. Check one option.
(a). O and Q
(b). N and P
(c). A and O
(d). O and O
159, Imagine you are trying to solve a difficult problem set by one of
your lecturers at university. Which of the following people would be
good to talk to in order to solve it? Check all that apply.
1. The girl up the road who did the same subject two years ago
2. Your mum
3. Your dog
4. The lecturer who set the problem
5. Your 9 year old cousin
6. Other students in the course
160, Why is drawing on ideas, knowledge and theories from different
fields a useful way to solve problems? Check two options.
1. Because it might lead you to study a different field.
2. Because different knowledge and ideas can stimulate new ways of
thinking about a problem.
3. Because different fields have a great depth of specific knowledge,
and combining these can be very useful.
161, Why does Dr. Ranjit Voola suggest that we can learn through
debate? Check two options.
1. Because it allows you to consider diverse views.
2. Because it can help constrain your thinking.
3. Because it allows you to solidify your own opinion.
4. Because you will realise that you are right and others are wrong.
162, Consider the following question from a university English

Literature course:
reference to Hamlet. What are the important underlying assumptions
you need to address in this analytical task? Check two options.
1. That Hamlet has something positive to say about human potential
2. That humans have potential
3. That Shakespeare has a legacy
4. That Shakespeare had a firm faith in human potential
163, Consider the following statement:
"All chairs are elevated from the ground and have been designed
specifically to be sat on. This object is elevated from the ground and has
been designed specifically for someone to sit on it. Therefore, this
object is a chair."Is this an example of: Check one option.
(a). Deductive Logic
(b). Inductive Logic

"A construction company has recently seen a significant increase of
accidents on worksites. Workers are angry about the accidents and are
threatening strikes, and management are worried about their
employees' safety. What solutions would you suggest to help reduce
the number of accidents?" Which of the following solutions
demonstrate an understanding of underlying systemic causes rather
than just focusing on events? Check two options.
1. Send an email to all staff regarding the recent accidents, and ask
them to be more vigilant.
2. Analyze the accidents to see whether certain types of sites or
equipment are more likely to be involved in accidents, and provide
relevant workers with extra training.
3. Put up signage at sites with information on how to better comply
with occupational health and safety procedures.
4. Identify the types of workers most likely to be involved in accidents
and provide them with extra support and training
165, In lesson 4.3a we explored the relationship between creativity and
academic culture. How can we characterize the relationship between
the two? Check two options.
1. Creativity doesn't have much of a place in academic culture as we
need to memorize and display disciplinary bodies of knowledge.
2. Creativity is important to academic culture because it is needed to
produce new knowledge.
3. Creativity is important because it is important in subjects such as
Visual Arts.
4. Creativity is important as even in areas such as the sciences logical
analysis is often complemented by creativity.
166, Alex is trying to solve a problem set by her professor. She is having
great difficulty coming to a solution. Rather than using the method she
has been using so far to solve the problem, she uses an approach which
is completely contrary to that. Which of the creative strategies in 4.3 is
Alex using? Check one option.
(a). Try a random juxtaposition.
(b). Use an intermediate impossible.
(c). Do the opposite.
167, Alex is still trying to solve the problem set by her professor. She
takes out a dictionary, indiscriminately opens it to a page and writes
down a word unrelated to the problem. She then tries to find a
connection between the word and the problem, in order to spark her
creativity and think of a solution. Which of the creative strategies in 4.3
is Alex using? Check one option.
(a). Try a random juxtaposition.
(b). Use an intermediate impossible.
(c). Do the opposite.

"You live in shared accommodation with two other roommates. Your
roommates never clean the kitchen, and leave dirty dishes in the
kitchen. What can you do to get them to do their share of housework in
the kitchen?" You and your housemates decide the solution must be
fair, relative to the amount of mess you make and exciting.
Which of Fogler and LeBlanc's stages for evaluating solutions is this an
example of? Check one option.
A. Create a decision statement.
B. Create a list of objectives.
C. Weight the objectives according to importance.
D. Use the objectives as criteria when evaluating solutions.

"You live in shared accommodation with two other roommates. Your
other roommates never clean the kitchen, and leave dirty dishes in the
kitchen. What can you do to get them to do their share of housework in
the kitchen?" Next you and your housemates consider the three
objectives (fair, relative to the amount of mess you make and exciting).
You then decide that the solution definitely needs to be fair, should be
relative to the amount of mess you make but probably doesn't need to
be exciting. Which of Fogler and LeBlanc's stages for evaluating a
solution is this an example of? Check one option.
A. Create a decision statement.
B. Create a list of objectives.
C. Use the objectives as criteria when evaluating solutions.
D. Decide on 'musts' and 'wants'.
E. Weight the objectives according to importance.
170, What makes evaluating solutions in an academic context different

from evaluating solutions in everyday settings?
Check two options.
1. Expression in written form
2. Use of common sense.
3. Reference to disciplinary bodies of knowledge
4. The use of evidence
171, Consider the following analytical task from a university course:

"In what ways will Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
fundamentally change the nature of how we learn?"
What is the main underlying assumption in this task? Check one option.
A. Information and Communication Technologies will fundamentally
change the nature of how we learn.
B. Information and Communication Technologies are the future of
education.
C. Information and Communication Technologies enable us to learn
better.
D. There is more than one way in which ICTs will change the nature of
how we learn.
172, Considering the same question:

At university, are you able to disagree with the underlying assumption
in this question? Check one option.
A. Yes
B. No
C. Only during a tutorial

Who would you ask in order to get help answering this question?
Refer to lesson 4.1a and 4.1b. Check all that apply.
1. A friend of yours who graduated from your degree last year and is
now teaching at a school for students with special needs
2. Your dog, who likes to chew on your old smart phones
3. Your grandparents, who don't know how to use a mobile phone
4. An old high-school teacher that you still keep in contact with
5. Your mum, who is a web developer and programmer
174, Consider the following example from a university Education
course: "A student, Jane, has just transferred to Mr B's class from a
school across the country. After one term in class he notices that Jane is
not doing her homework. This results in Jane almost failing her mid-
semester test. He decides to transfer her to a lower level class with
easier content. However, this actually makes the problem worse, and
Jane's marks continue to decline."
What assumption did Mr B make about Jane? Check one option.
A. That the content of the higher level class is too hard for her
B. That Jane is a bit lazy
C. That Jane is sad and missing her old friends
D. That Jane almost failed her mid-semester test
175, What form of reasoning is used in the following sentence?

"Sahra drinks milk two or three times a week. Every time she drinks
milk she feels nauseous. Therefore, Sahra is allergic to milk."
Refer to lesson 4.2a and 4.2b. Check one option.
A. Inductive
B. Deductive
C. Systematic
D. Abductive
176, Consider the following group work problem from a Marketing

course. "Ildal, a Korean electronics manufacturer, has developed a new
virtual and augmented reality enabled mobile phone. You are part of
the marketing department, and are responsible for taking the phone to
market in your country. Identify which parts of the market you will
target, and explain how you will market the item."
Here are some quotes from the discussion of one student group
attempting to solve this problem. Which quotes demonstrate thinking
about multiple levels and systems? Check two options.
1. "We should talk to game developers about making use of the
phone's features and then we could target gamers."
2. "We should work together with the Ministry of Education and a
company that makes apps to develop educational applications for the
device, so that parents will want it for their kids."
3. "Young children generally like objects in bright colors, so we should
bring them out in a range of colors."
4. "There are lots of people aged 20 to 30 who appreciate new
technology such as this. I think they definitely should be one of the
market segments we target with our marketing campaign."
177, When evaluating a solution for a university problem, which of the

following do you need to consider? Check one option.
A. Common sense
B. Whether you have answered the question
C. All of the above
D. Your evaluation criteria
E. Key words or phrases in the problem
178, Consider the following example from a university Education
course: "A student, Jane, has just transferred to Mr B's class from a
school across the country. After one term in class he notices that Jane is
not doing her homework. This results in Jane almost failing her mid-
semester test. He decides to transfer her to a lower level class with
easier content. However, this actually makes the problem worse, and
Jane's marks continue to decline. Describe how you would approach
this problem and what measures you would take to help Jane.
Assessment Criteria:
- Definition of problem
- Evidence of reflection on the issues
- Evidence of logical development of ideas
- Integration of relevant theory and research
- Reference to academic sources appropriate to the question
- Correct academic referencing: in-text and reference list
- Overall level of analysis in reflection."
Using the question and the assessment criteria, which of the following
would be an adequate response to this problem? Check one option.
A. "I would send Jane to the councilor's office as she is obviously having
difficulty settling into the new school and might miss her old friends. I
would organize to meet with her parents and discuss Jane's case with
them as well."
B. An essay that integrates different theoretical explanations of
motivation with research into student transitions into new high-schools
and then details some of the major issues that those students usually
face.
C. Describe a couple of different reasons why Jane might be acting the
way she is. For example, that she is lazy; that she is actually too
intelligent and is acting out because she is bored in class; that she is
becoming depressed because she misses her old school and friends.
Support these reasons with research into student motivation, as well
as research into the issues students face when they transfer to new
high-schools.
D. Describe your approach to the problem(s) and what measures you
would take to help Jane, ensuring that you support your ideas with
evidence such as research into the best ways to motivate students or
help students transition into new schools.
E. Both B and C
F. Both C and D
G. Both A and C
179, What is the most important part of communicating your solution?
A. Tailoring your answer to your audience and including the details
most important to them.
B. Being correct
C. Making sure you clearly articulate each step in your solution path in
detail
D. Being clear and concise: The shorter you can make your solution, the
better.
180, Consider the following question:

"Given a right-angled triangle with one side measuring 3cm and the
other side measuring 4cm, what is the length of the hypotenuse? Show
your working." Which of the following would be an adequate answer?
A. 9 + 16 = 25
B. a^2 + b^2 = c^2
C. 3^2 + 4^2 = c^2
9 + 16 = 25 c (hypotenuse) = 5 cm
D. a^2 + b^2 = c^2
1. "I don't know, I'd give the student a detention because it's school
policy. You have to stop disrespectful behaviour quickly before it gets
out of hand - they're probably just doing it because you are a practicum
teacher."
2. "Hmm...I think it is best to talk to the student, see what is going on.
Lots of different studies suggest that an abrupt change in attitude can
be a reflection of problems that the student is facing outside of school."
4. "It depends on the student. I mean, if they're nice and co-operative
in class, I'd be more inclined to talk to them, but if they're really
disrespectful I might use it as a chance to discipline them.
181, Consider the following question asked in an Education tutorial:

"You're on your practicum placement in a new school and a student in
your Science class has not done his/her homework for the second time
this week. Another teacher tells you that the student is usually really
good and probably just needs someone to talk to him/her. School policy
states that you should give the student a lunch-time detention. What
do you do?" Which of the following is an appropriate response in a
tutorial? Check 3 options.
1. "I don't know; I'd give the student a detention because it's school
policy. You have to stop disrespectful behaviour quickly before it gets
out of hand - they're probably just doing it because you are a
practicum teacher."
2. "Hmm...I think it is best to talk to the student, see what is going on.
Lots of different studies suggest that an abrupt change, can be a
reflection of problems that the student is facing outside of school."
3. "Who cares? It's only a week".
4. "It depends on the student. I mean, if they're nice and co-operative
in class, I'd be more inclined to talk to them, but if they're really
disrespectful I might use it as a chance to discipline them.
5. "In this kind of situation there are a number of different actions that
a practicum teacher might take. First of all, it is important to determine
why the student hasn't been completing their homework: this can be
done with a brief conversation. As Smith (2018) suggests, talking with a
student should always be done before any other action is taken..." etc.
182, What should you do before you sit an exam? Check 3 options.
1. Check what will be covered in the exam.
2. Read your text book cover-to-cover.
3. Practice writing (and thinking) under time pressure.
4. Listen to every lecture recording again and make detailed notes.
5. Make sure you understand all of the core concepts in the exam.
183, According to the lecture, which questions should you answer first
in an exam? Check one option.
A. The questions that you know the answer to - get them out of way!
B. The questions you are unsure about - you can spend more time on
them this way.
C. The hardest questions on the test - save the easiest for last.
184, Consider the following question from a Linguistics exam:

"Summarize the pronunciation issues a native Thai speaker might face
when learning to speak English." What is the function word or phrase in
this question? Check one option
A. Pronunciation issues
B. Native Thai speaker
C. English
D. Learning to speak
E. Summarize
185, Imagine that you are working with a group of 4 people and have
just been given the following problem to solve:
"You are part of a consultation team that has just been hired by the
taking weeks to complete. In the attached documents, you will find the
results of two surveys and four focus groups with employees, as well as
a breakdown of which departments are experiencing the lowest work
satisfaction. Your group should provide a report detailing 3 measures
that you would recommend to the CEO to improve workplace
productivity and morale." In your group, what is the first thing you
would do? Check one option.
(a). Create a brainstorm. Ensure everyone in the groups contributes
their ideas and write them all down.
(b). Introduce yourself.
(c). Assign different roles to different people: one person to summarize
the surveys, two people to summarize the focus groups and the last
person to summarize the breakdown of the departments.
(d). Create an agenda for this meeting, make sure everyone has
everyone else's contact details and organize a schedule for meetings.

productivity and morale."
The four people in the group are:
Tim - Is OK at maths, but doesn't like it, often quiet, but good at
interpreting what people say.
José - Great with numbers, good at conveying information, not great at
Amar - Good with numbers and management theory, very opinionated
Jenna - Hates maths, slightly disorganized, good at summarising and
synthesising information. Who in the group would be the best person
to ask to summarize the surveys? Check one option.
(a). Tim
(b). José
(c). Amar
(d). Jenna

productivity and morale."
The four people in the group are:
Tim - Is OK at maths, but doesn't like it, often quiet, but good at
José - Great with numbers, good at conveying information, not great at
Amar - Good with numbers and management theory, very opinionated
Jenna - Hates maths, slightly disorganized, good at summarising and
synthesising information.
Which two people in the group would be the best to ask to summarise
the focus groups? Check two options.
1. Tim
2. José
3. Amar
4. Jenna
188, If you need help writing essays, what can you do? Check 3 options.
1. Ask a friend who doesn't go to your university to write your essay
2. Ask a friend to read over your essay and help you edit it.
3. Go to the university's writing centre or your field's library for help.
4. Use online writing resources from your university
5. Post your essay online and crowd-source the editing process.
189, Imagine that you have just walked out of your mid-semester exam
and, after talking to your friends in the class, realise that you
completely misinterpreted the last question. The exam was worth 10%
of your grade. A week later you find out you failed the test because of
that question. What could (or should) you do? Check one option.
(a). Let it go.
(b). Go to your lecturer's office and ask to take the exam again.
(c). Ignore it.
(d). Stop your once-a-week tennis session, the only time you exercise,
so you can use the time to study for the rest of the term.
190, Imagine that it is the first week of term. After looking through your
course outlines for the next term, you realize that you have the
following readings and assignments to do in the first four weeks:
1. Linguistics1002: Phonetics. Weekly problem sets, worth 5% each and
a chapter of the textbook each week.
2. English1002: The Romantics. One book to read each week, plus a 1,
000 word essay due in Week 4 worth 40%.
3. Physics1001: Life Physics. Weekly problem sets, worth 2% each, and
a 1,000 word lab report of an experiment you conduct in class due in
Week 2 worth 15%.
4. Business1004: Leadership. 2 weekly readings and a 10 minute group
presentation due in Week 4 worth 35%
What work should you do each week? Check one option.
(a). The weekly problem sets for Physics and Linguistics.
(b). The readings for Linguistics, English and Business
(c). Meet with your business group to prepare for the presentation.
(d). Start research for your English essay - it is worth 40%!
(e). All of the above
(f). Only A and B
(g). Only C and D
191, Consider the following assignment from a university course:

"You are part of a consultative team that has been hired by the Board
of Executives for a well-known construction company. The company
has recently seen a significant increase of accidents on worksites.
Workers are angry about the accidents and are threatening strikes, and
management are worried about both their employees' safety and loss
of productivity.
You have been hired to help alleviate the tension and get the workers
back working as soon as possible. In order to do this, you will need to
recommend measures to reduce or eliminate the number of accidents
on the worksites.
Present your team's approach to the class in a 10 minute presentation
as though they were the Board of Executives, with an extra 5 minutes at
the end for questions."
When giving the presentation (and thus communicating your solution),
who is your target audience? Check one option.
(a). Your lecturer or tutor
(b). Your classmates
(c). The hypothetical Board of Executives
(d). Primarily (b)., but with considerations for (a). and (c).
(e). Primarily (c)., but with considerations for (b). and (a).
(f). Primarily (a)., but with considerations for (b). and (c).
(g). Only (a). and (b).
192, Considering the same university assignment as above:

In what style should the presentation be in? Check one option.
(a). Formal
(b). Informal
193, Which of the following are examples of active revision for exams?
Refer to lesson 5.2a. Check four options.
1. Reading and highlighting a textbook
2. Setting a time limit and doing a practice exam under exam
conditions
3. Doing practice essays or short answers
4. Making flash cards
5. Friendly debates of main theories with classmates
6. Re-listening to lectures
194, Consider the following exam format:

Exam: Worth 40%, 2hours with 10 minutes extra reading time.
Part 1: 10 Multiple-choice questions, 10%
Part 2: 5 Short Answer Questions, 25%
Part 3: An 800 word Essay, 65%
In general, how much time would you allocate for the multiple choice
questions? Refer to lesson 5.3a and 5.3c. Check one option.
A. No more than 15 minutes in total
B. No more than 5 minutes in total
C. 4 minutes per question (read, understand, strategize, check)
D. Half an hour (3 minutes per question)
195, Imagine that you are taking a course in Landscape Architecture. As

part of the course you need to give a 10 minute group presentation on
sustainable design for urban parks. The presentation needs to include:
1. A definition of sustainable design for urban parks
2. The principles for sustainable design
3. Three examples of sustainable design for urban parks
4. An analysis of each of the example parks in relation to the principles
There are four people in your group: you, James, Rie and Ali.
What is the best way to divide the tasks*? Check one option.
A. One person does one of each for the four points. For example, James
writes the definition, you write the principles, Rie finds the examples
and Ali writes an analysis for each of Rie's examples. You come together
at the end and make the presentation.
B. One person writes the definition and the principles of sustainable
design, and the other three each find an example and then analyze it
according to the principles.
C. You come together at the end and make the presentation.
D. Everyone works on everything together as a team.
Three people do everything and the last person presents it to the class.
196, Imagine that you are taking a course in Landscape Architecture. As

part of the course you need to give a 10 minute group presentation on
sustainable design for urban parks. The presentation needs to include:
A definition of sustainable design for urban parks
The principles for sustainable design
Three examples of sustainable design for urban parks
An analysis of each of the example parks in relation to the principles
There are four people in your group: you, James, Rie and Ali.
Consider the example answer from Question 5: "One person does one
of each for the four points. For example, James writes the definition,
you write the principles, Rie finds the examples and Ali writes an
analysis for each of Rie's examples. You come together at the end and
make the presentation. " Is this a good distribution of tasks?
Refer to lesson 5.3a and 5.3b. Check one option.
A. Yes, as each person has a clearly defined task.
B. Yes, as the tasks reflect the strengths of each member of the group.
C. No, as the tasks don't reflect the strengths of each member of group.
D. No, as one person should be in charge of making the presentation.
E. No. The tasks are not evenly weighted: there is a lot more involved
in analyzing something than there is in finding an example.
197, Imagine that it is Friday and you have just finished week 7 of your
first semester. You've been a bit distracted from study because you
have been socializing quite a lot, have a part time job and have joined a
volleyball team. However, you've just realised that next week you have
to do the following:
1. A Linguistics problem set, worth 5%, due on Thursday
2. Read chapter 6 of your Linguistics textbook for a tutorial
3. Read Jane Austen's Persuasion for an English tutorial on Friday
4. A Physics problem set, worth 2%, due Monday
5. A Physics lab report, worth 20%, due Tuesday
6. Two readings for a Business seminar on Tuesday
198, You've just gotten back your lab report from your Physics lecturer.
She tells you that it was a good effort, but that it "needs to be more
academic". There are a lot of comments on the report about stylistic
mistakes that you've made, but she hasn't included any information on
what you should have done instead.
She is now away for the next two weeks on a conference and the
replacement lecturer tells you bluntly that she doesn't have time to
answer your questions. Unfortunately, you have another lab report due
the day after your normal lecturer returns.
Where should you go for help? Check three options.
1. A writing center at the university
2. A peer, either in the same class or who has done the class before
3. A good friend who gets high marks in English but doesn't study
Physics
4. Your dog
5. Your Physics tutor
academic culture.
thought within academic study.
4. Apply problem-solving strategies to issues related to university life &
study.
6. Identify types of argument, and bias within arguments, in order to
better evaluate the strength of arguments.

1. Final summative assessment
2. Quizzes after each module.
3. In video questions & polls
4. Discussion board posts
5. Short quizzes after each lesson
201. What metaphor do Molinari and Kavanagh (2013) use to describe
critical thinking? Check one option.
A. A slippery eel B. A proud lion
C. A lazy sloth D. A friendly dog
202, At university, what is an argument? Check one option.

A. An angry disagreement between two people
C. A more polite term for a fight
D. Another word for a conclusion
203, In lesson 1.3a, Jonathon mentions that he learnt two valuable skills
when he struggled to pass a first year university course. What were
they? Check two options
1. How to ask for help
2. Resilience
3. Curiosity
4. Flexibility
204, In lesson 1.3a, why does Ben say he felt comfortable at university?
A. Because he met lots of new people
B. Because he was pushed to think in new ways
C. Because it gave him the confidence to have an opinion
205, In lesson 1.3b, Jenni contrasts her essay writing and
argumentation at the beginning of her university course with the
argumentation at the end. What differences did she notice?
Check two options.
1. At the end of her course, she wrote more about how she felt.
2. At the end of her course, she wrote longer arguments.
3. At the end of her time at university, she was able to use references
more to support her propositions.
4. At the end of her course, she made broader, more cohesive
arguments.
206, Mohammed is a third year undergraduate student studying

epidemiology. His professor is highly regarded in the field and
Mohammed is very excited to study under him. While trying to
replicate one of his professor's experiments, Mohammed notices that
another student has made a mistake while calculating the data for the
experiment. In one of the equations, one of the signs is around the
wrong way. This has made the results of the experiment seem really
positive. However, when Mohammed does his calculations, he notices
that his results aren't very good at all.
Mohammed does the calculations multiple times. He consults a few
other students, and they all come up with the same thing. It isn't an
assignment, and students are allowed to collaborate and work
together, so Mohammed tells the student about the mistake. However,
the other student shrugs and refuses to change it because it is the same
as the one used in the original paper.
What is Mohammed required to do? Check one option.
a. Mohammed isn't required to do anything.
b. He must tell the professor because the student is falsifying
c. He must go to the dean of the faculty and accuse the other student
of academic misconduct.

Mohammed is a third year undergraduate student studying
Mohammed is very excited to study under him. However, after seeing
another student use an incorrect equation while trying to replicate one
of his professor's experiments, Mohammed notices that his professor
made a small error when calculating the data for the original
experiment. When Mohammed fixes the error, it changes the results so
much that the conclusion isn't correct any more. Mohammed checks
the original and his own multiple times but he still gets the same result.
Mohammed is very concerned because the paper with the published
results of the experiments his professor did has been referenced many
times. What should Mohammed do? Check one option.
a. Bring this to his professor's attention as soon as possible.
b. Go to the head of the school and tell her that his professor has been
falsifying his results.
c. Do nothing. Mohammed obviously isn't doing the calculations
properly as his professor is much more intelligent and knows much
more about the subject than he does.
Mohammed is a third year undergraduate student studying
Mohammed is very excited to study under him. However, while trying
to replicate one of his professor's experiments, Mohammed notices
that his professor made a small error when calculating the data for the
original experiment. When Mohammed fixes the error, it changes the
results so much that the conclusion isn't correct any more. Mohammed
checks the original and his own multiple times but he still gets the same
result. Mohammed is very concerned because the paper with the
published results of the experiments his professor did has been
referenced many times. Mohammed decides to approach his professor
with the mistake and his calculations. However, his professor tells him
not to worry about it and that "is just how science is". His professor
does nothing. What should Mohammed do now? Check one option.
a. Go to the head of the school and tell her that his professor is has
been falsifying his results.
b. Do nothing. Maybe that is just how science is done in epidemiology.
c. Go to the head of the school and ask for their opinion on the
situation.
d. Tell his friend who works at the university's newspaper all about it,
so they can write up an expose on his professor.
209, "A wise man ... proportions his belief to the evidence." - David
Hume What quality of academic culture does this relate to?
a. The contingent nature of academic knowledge
b. The need for proof to support opinions
c. The use of research to produce knowledge
d. The importance of independent learning
210, Consider the following situation:

For a course Timmy is taking, he has to conduct a research experiment
and write a full research report. Part of the research report is a
literature review. Timmy feels really lucky because earlier in the
semester they had to write a literature review for the same class.
Can Timmy use the same literature review he did earlier in the course
for this assignment? Check one option.
a. No, this would be considered self-plagiarism.
b. No, this would be considered Fabrication.
c. Definitely. If it is on the same topic for the same course, Timmy does
not need to write the literature review again.
d. It depends; Timmy should check his course outline or lecturer to
make sure.
211, Which of the following is a trait of critical thinking according to

lecture 1.2b? Check two options.
1. It is forceful and persuasive.
2. It reflects on its own basis, background and reasons.
3. It is easy and carefree.
4. It aims to be objective and free from bias.
212, How had university changed some of the people interviewed in
lesson 1.3a? Check two options.
1. It had caused them to ask people their feelings.
2. It had helped them understand communication in different
contexts.
3. It caused them to change careers and become actors.
4. It had given them better people skills.
213, What is argumentation? Check one option.

a. Taking a stance or position in relation to a topic
b. A set of reasons to show that a conclusion is valid
c. An angry disagreement
d. The process of disagreeing with someone
214, Which of the habits of mind or dispositions discussed in lesson

2.1a is reflected in the following quote?
"When I started thinking about my assignment question, the first thing I
did was to start applying some of the techniques that I had learnt in my
course. My lecturer had talked about a set of criteria that could be
applied to problems in my field, so I used that to start generating
solutions." Check one option.
a. Metacognition b. Self-confidence
c. Being systematic d. Being open-minded
"The final assignment in my organizational behavior course was a
complex case study assignment about some issues in a large company.
It's unrealistic to expect in a tricky situation such as this that there is
only one possible answer." Check one option.
a. Maturity
b. Truth-seeking
c. Being analytical
d. Metacognition

"Through my university course my lecturers really helped me reflect on
my own thinking processes. One unit in particular made me do so using
an online reflective blog. It was a bit of a pain at the time, but I
recognize now how useful it is." Check one option.
a. Metacognition
b. Truth-seeking
c. Being analytical
d. Inquisitiveness
217, Consider the following list of traits of the different spheres of

argumentation.
1. Uses any example or means as evidence in arguments
2. No fixed rules for reasoning or evidence
3. Aimed at a specific audience
4. Tries to change opinions or values
5. Adheres to strict rules about data collection and analysis
6. Aimed at the general public
Which traits describe the technical sphere of argumentation?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 3 and 4
d. 3 and 5
e. 4 and 5
f. 4 and 6
218, Consider the following list of traits of the different spheres of

argumentation.
1. Uses any example or means as evidence in arguments
2. No fixed rules for reasoning or evidence
3. Aimed at a specific audience
4. Tries to change opinions or values
5. Adheres to strict rules about data collection and analysis
6. Aimed at the general public
Which traits describe the personal sphere of argumentation?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 3 and 4
d. 3 and 5
e. 4 and 5
f. 4 and 6
219, Which argument sphere does the following argument belong to?
"We definitely need the new rail system in this area. Buses are usually
late, and it's a long way to drive to the city. It's a bit more comfortable
getting a train too I think." Check one option.
a. The technical sphere of argumentation
b. The private sphere of argumentation.
c. The public sphere of argumentation
d. The personal sphere of argumentation
220, Which of the following are characteristics of argument fields?

1. Shared academic discipline such as biology or law
2. Shared processes of thought
3. Common object of study
4. Shared opinion on the common object of study
5. Agreement on what knowledge is
221, Apart from academic disciplines, what are some other things that
can define an argument field? Check two options.
1. Courtroom
2. School of thought
3. Profession
4. Faculty
222, Think back to the lesson on differences in argumentation in History

and Biology. What is an example of a difference in argumentation in the
arts and social sciences courses on the one hand, and science courses
on the other? Check one option.
a. In arts and social sciences courses students will generally need to
engage in argumentation much earlier in their courses than science
students.
b. In arts and social sciences courses students will generally need to
engage in argumentation much later in their courses than science
students.
c. In the sciences argumentation generally takes the form of arguing for
solutions.
d. In the arts and social sciences argumentation generally takes the
form of arguing for solutions.
223, What is a questioning stance, according to the lesson?

Check two options.
1. A general way of life
2. A way of standing that improves concentration
3. A way of approaching a text
4. A way of reading a text
224, Why is a questioning stance a central part of academic culture,

according to Brick, Herke and Wong (2016)? Check one option.
a. Because students are assessed on ability to adopt questioning stance
b. Because students need to analyze the reliability of sources
c. Because it is a form of independent learning
d. Because argument and debate advance knowledge
225, Why do we need to take a questioning stance in our learning at

university? Check one option.
a. Because it is so important in academic culture
b. To poke holes in an argument
c. To more fully understand the topic you are learning
d. To avoid the 'who cares' questions

A group of engineering students are doing a group assignment. The
assignment asks them to calculate the ability of a tall building to
withstand wind, earthquakes and other potential stresses. One student,
who has worked through all the set questions and activities in class,
knows how to address the question and helps the others students
complete the assignment with assurance.
Which of the following dispositions or habits of mind for critical
thinking is the student displaying? Check one option.
a. Truth-seeking
b. Self-confidence
c. Inquisitiveness
d. Metacognition

A student is asked to do a feminist analysis of a movie. The student
already has strong opinions about both feminism and the film they
must analyse. However, they make a mental note of their biases when
conducting research. The student makes sure they read sources
representing a variety of different views, rather than just their own.
Which of the following dispositions or habits of mind for critical
thinking is the student displaying?
Check one option.
a. Being systemic in your thinking
b. Self-confidence
c. Inquisitiveness
d. Metacognition
"Proponents of the new rail network say that it will reduce traffic and
car emissions. What is overlooked, however, is the enormous bill for
the cost of the new rail network will present to current and future
generations, a bill that the citizens of this state will be paying off for
quite some time." Check one option.
b. The media sphere of argumentation.
c. The public sphere of argumentation.
"In contrast with many neoclassical theorists, who see government
spending as constrained, modern monetary theory (MMT) sees
government spending as relatively less limited. This is because
according to MMT the very notion of government debt is a misnomer
due to the government's control over the fiat money supply. Thus
spending on infrastructure projects is often seen as advantageous,
particularly at times of low interest rates." Check one option.
b. The academic sphere of argumentation
c. The public sphere of argumentation
230, Consider the following methodology, which can be considered an

argument field. “Conversation analysis is a well-defined method and
school of thought that analyses language from a social perspective. It
seeks to study naturally occurring talk, either in everyday conversations
or institutional settings such as schools and organizations. Any
conversation analysis must be strictly based on the actual conversation,
and outside categories (such as the race or class of the speaker) cannot
be imposed unless they are referred to in the conversation being
analyzed. Conversation analysts seek to find out what actions are
performed by speakers in conversation (e.g. telling stories, making
arrangements), and how they organize their talk in order to do that.
They use a special mode of analysis to understand how actions are
performed in talk called the next turn proof procedure. In this
procedure, the action of the speaker is understood by examining how
the following speaker understood them. When discussing the
organization of talk, conversation analysts use terms such as turns,
sequence organization and repair (how speakers fix errors in their talk)”
When thinking about Conversation Analysis as an argument field, what
is a specialized process of thought? Check one option.
a. The next turn proof procedure
b. Sequence organization and repair
c. What actions are performed in the talk-in-interaction, and how the
talk is sequentially organized into turns and sequences
d. Naturally occurring talk-in-interaction.
231, Consider the following methodology, which can be considered an

argument field. Conversation analysis is a well-defined method and
school of thought that analyses language from a social perspective. It
seeks to study naturally occurring talk, either in everyday conversations
or institutional settings such as schools and organizations. Any
conversation analysis must be strictly based on the actual conversation,
and outside categories (such as the race or class of the speaker) cannot
be imposed unless they are referred to in the conversation being
analyzed. Conversation analysts seek to find out what actions are
performed by speakers in conversation (e.g. telling stories, making
arrangements), and how they organize their talk in order to do that.
They use a special mode of analysis to understand how actions are
performed in talk called the next turn proof procedure. In this
procedure, the action of the speaker is understood by examining how
the following speaker understood them. When discussing the
organization of talk, conversation analysts use terms such as turns,
sequence organization and repair (how speakers fix errors in their talk).
When thinking about Conversation Analysis as an argument field, what
is object of study? Check one option.
a. The next turn proof procedure
b. Sequence organization and repair
c. What actions are performed in the talk-in-interaction, and how the
talk is sequentially organized into turns and sequences
d. Naturally occurring talk-in-interaction
232, Consider the following abstract for an academic journal article.

Mega-events, such as the Olympic Games and world fairs, are a major
factor in tourism development, urban revitalization, and urban
reimaging strategies. However, despite their economic, social, and
political significance, it is only within the last decade that substantial
attention has been paid to their impact and legacies. This article
provides a discussion of the scope and definition of mega-events, an
analysis of the reasons why mega-events are held, and offers an
examination of the housing and social impact of mega-events on host
cities and regions with special reference to the housing and social
planning of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The article concludes that
the focus on the economic dimension of events is often at the expense
of social, environmental, and political analyses.
(Hall, C. M., & Hodges, J. (1996). The party's great, but what about the
hangover?: The housing and social impacts of mega-events with special
reference to the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Festival Management and
Event Tourism, 4 (1-1), 13-20.)
A student has taken a questioning stance towards this article. Here are
some of the questions he has asked of the text.
1. "What are the qualifications of C.M. Hall and J. Hodges?"
2. "How could the information included in this article be used to
better organise mega-events in the future?"
3. "What are the weaknesses of their position on the impacts of
mega-events?"
4. "Do I agree with their notion that the economic dimension of these
events is in contradiction to environmental and social analyses?"
5. "What evidence are Hall and Hodges using?"
6. "Does their argument make sense?"
Which of these questions are content questions?
Check one option.
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1, 5 and 6
c. 2, 3 and 4
d. 3, 4 and 6
233, Consider the following abstract for an academic journal article.

Mega-events, such as the Olympic Games and world fairs, are a major
factor in tourism development, urban revitalization, and urban
reimaging strategies. However, despite their economic, social, and
political significance, it is only within the last decade that substantial
attention has been paid to their impact and legacies. This article
provides a discussion of the scope and definition of mega-events, an
analysis of the reasons why mega-events are held, and offers an
examination of the housing and social impact of mega-events on host
cities and regions with special reference to the housing and social
planning of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The article concludes that
the focus on the economic dimension of events is often at the expense
of social, environmental, and political analyses.
(Hall, C. M., & Hodges, J. (1996). The party's great, but what about the
hangover?: The housing and social impacts of mega-events with special
reference to the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Festival Management and
Event Tourism, 4(1-1), 13-20.)
A student has taken a questioning stance towards this article. Here are
some of the questions he has asked of the text.
1. "What are the qualifications of C.M. Hall and J. Hodges?"
2. "How could the information included in this article be used to better
organize mega-events in the future?"
3. "What are the weaknesses of their position on the impacts of mega-
events?"
4. "Do I agree with their notion that the economic dimension of these
events is in contradiction to environmental and social analyses?"
5. "What evidence are Hall and Hodges using?"
6. "Does their argument make sense?"
Which of these questions are context questions? Check one option.
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1, 5 and 6
c. 2, 3 and 4
d. 3, 4 and 6
234, Have a look at the following statement. Which sentence is the

conclusion? I have the right to leave work after lunch. According to the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 24, everyone has the
right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working
hours. I have been working an unreasonable amount of hours.
a. The first sentence
b. The second sentence
c. The third sentence
235, Have a look at the following argument. What is one problem with
the argument?
According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 24,
everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours. I have been working an unreasonable
amount of hours. Therefore, I have the right to leave work after lunch.
a. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the premises.
b. The premises are not logically connected.
c. The first premise is not valid.
d. The second premise is not strong, because the definition of
'reasonable' is unclear and needs to be further illustrated.
236, Have a look at the following argument. What is the problem with
the conclusion? I have the right to leave work after lunch. According to
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 24, everyone has the
right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working
hours. I have been working an unreasonable amount of hours.
a. The conclusion comes before the premises.
b. The conclusion is not the most logical result of the premises.
c. The conclusion does not follow from the premises.
237, Have a look at the following passage. What is wrong with the
argument? Every morning, as it gets closer to midday, the temperature
rises. At the same time, I always start to feel hungry. Therefore, an
increase in temperature makes me hungry. Check one option.
a. It assumes that there is cause-effect relationship between 2 trends.
b. It draws a conclusion based on too few examples.
C. It misrepresents the original argument.
238, Which of the following statements can be considered hasty

generalizations? Check one option.
a. All generalizations are bad.
b. All homeless people are unemployed.
c. Winter months are colder than Summer months.
239, Have a look at the following passage. What is wrong with the
counter-argument?
Argument: Research suggests that restorative and reparative
punishments, such as community-service sentences, result in a
reduction of repeat offenders. This is particularly the case for minor,
non-violent offenses. The justice system should reduce the amount of
prison sentences and increase the number of community-service
sentences for minor, non-violent offences. *
Counter-argument: According to crime statistics, between 50% and 60%
of all released prisoners will re-offend. If you take criminals out of jail
and let them free on the street you will be putting innocent people's
lives in danger. *
*Arguments are fictional. Check one option.
a. It assumes that there is a cause effect relationship between the two
trends.
b. It draws a conclusion based on too little evidence.
c. It misrepresents the original argument.
240, What is one of the downsides to using deductive reasoning in a
university context? Check one option.
a. Deductive reasoning needs to use strong, fixed language and this
means it can be more easily attacked and disproven than other forms
of reasoning.
b. Deductive reasoning is weaker than other forms of reasoning.
c. Deductive reasoning uses probabilities and is therefore not always
true.
241, What are the two main types of reasoning that you find at
university? Check two options.
1. Reasoning that moves from theory to practice
2. Reasoning that moves from general statements to specific
conclusions.
3. Reasoning that moves from specific observations to general
conclusions
4. Reasoning using generalizations.
5. Reasoning using probabilities
242, Consider the following argument:

The Artape people have lived on the island of Staples for between
20,000 and 25,000 years. A number of archaeological sites have been
radiocarbon dated to around 19,000 BC, although there is evidence of
some tools being used by hunters as early as 23,000 BC. They are
thought to have migrated across from Africa on land bridges that
existed before the last ice age. Archaeological evidence, such as oral
stories, rock pictures and some ancient fossils, suggests that there was
trade between the main land and the smaller island across these land
bridges, but this stopped when the seas rose around 12,000 years ago.
*Fictional people & history
What kind of reasoning is evident here? Check one option.
a. This is an example of reasoning from specific observations to
general conclusions.
b. This is an example of reasoning from general observations to specific
conclusions.
c. This is an example of reasoning using probabilities.
243, What is the problem with the following 'laundry list' approach to
the issue of homelessness?
Mental health issues >
Poverty > homelessness
Unemployment >
Check two options.
1. The factors are not relevant.
2. The factors are not related to each other.
3. The list only indicates one-way relationship between causes, effect.
4. The list doesn't demonstrate the relationship between each factor
and how they are related.
244, How can re-framing the following statement as a cycle (or a
'feedback loop') help create a better understanding of the issue?
Mental health issues, unemployment and poverty are all factors that
lead to homelessness. Check two options.
1. It shows that all factors are equally important.
2. It demonstrates that the factors are all inter-related and therefore
a solution that addresses only one factor would not be sufficient to
solve the issue.
3. Thinking in terms of a cycle shows that it is not only a cause-effect
relationship, and that homelessness itself can contribute to the
factors of mental health issues, unemployment and poverty as well.
245, As well as the benefits mentioned in regards to the feedback loop

above, why else would it be useful to see the issue of homelessness
through a systems thinking perspective, looking at the issue as a web of
interrelated components? Check two options.
1. To be able to see how insignificant individual factors are overall
2. To be able to see what occurs between each of the individual
components
3. To see how complex and confusing everything is
4. It helps understand the complexity of the issue and to see the
bigger picture.
246, Have a look at the following argument based on an advertisement.

What are the implicit (unspoken) premises?
There are many young, beautiful people on a beach having fun. They
are drinking Cool Cola. You should buy Cool Cola. Check two options.
1. That if you buy Cool Cola you will also be young, beautiful, happy
2. That the young people are actors hired to promote Cool Cola
3. That Cool Cola is high in sugar and should only be drunk in
moderation
4. That Cool Cola makes the young, beautiful people in the
advertisement happy
247, Have a look at the following argument. What is the problem with
the conclusion?
Cool Cola makes people happy. There are many young, beautiful people
on a beach having fun. They are drinking Cool Cola. Check one option.
a. The conclusion comes before the premise.
b. The conclusion does not follow from the premises.
c. The conclusion is not the most logical result of the premises.
248, Consider the following argument:

The Artape people have lived on the island of Staples for between
20,000 and 31,000 years. A number of archaeological sites have been
radiocarbon dated to around 20,000 BC. They are thought to have
migrated across from Africa on land bridges that existed before the last
ice age. Movement between the main land and Staples across these
land bridges was quite common. Archaeological evidence, such as oral
stories, rock pictures and some ancient fossils, suggests that the Staler
people, the ancestors of the Artape, used the island for hunting from as
far back as 31,000 BC. However, there is no evidence of settlement or
continuous habitation of the island until around 25,000 BC, when
evidence of temporary camps starts. It is not until 20,000 BC that we
start to see evidence of permanent dwellings. All migration from the
main land to Stapes stopped when the seas rose around 12,000 years
ago. * *Fictional peoples & History
What is the conclusion of this argument? Check one option.
a. The Artape people and their ancestors have lived on the island of
Staples for between 20,000 and 31,000 years.
b. Movement between the main land and Staples across these land
bridges was quite common.
c. All migration from the main land to Staples stopped when the seas
rose around 12,000 years ago.
d. Archaeological evidence, such as oral stories, rock pictures and some
ancient fossils, suggests that the Staler people, the ancestors of the
Artape, used the island for hunting from as far back as 31,000 BC.
249, People lived on the island of Staples as far back as 19,000 BC. Man-
made artifacts have been found at a number of archaeological sites.
These man-made artifacts have been carbon dated to 19,000 BC. For
example, a partial leg bone of a juvenile marsupial herbivore was
discovered at one of the sites. This partial leg bone has been sharpened
into a bone point. There is clear evidence of sharp stone tools being
used to refine the bone, which were also found at the site. The fossil
has no carnivore tooth marks on it and was found in a shelter on a
steep escarpment unsuitable for climbing by this kind of marsupial
herbivore. Only humans have the capability and dexterity to make and
use these kinds of tools. This leg bone tool, therefore, was made by
humans. This serves as evidence that humans lived on the island of
Staples as far back as 19,000 BC. * *Fictional historical account
What kind of formal reasoning is being used in this example?
a. This is an example of reasoning from specific observations to general
conclusions.
b. This is an example of reasoning from general observations to specific
conclusions.
c. This is an example of reasoning that combines general and specific
observations to make a general conclusion.
d. This is an example of reasoning using probabilities.
250, How can re-framing the following statement as a cycle (or a

'feedback loop') help create a better understanding of the issue?
Too many private cars, inadequate public transport and insufficient
road networks are all factors that lead to congestion. Check 2 options.
1. It shows that any solution would have to address all of the factors
that contribute to the issue.
2. Representing the situation as a cycle shows how the factors are
interdependent and can effect each other.
3. It shows that each factor equally contributes to the issue.
4. Representing the situation as a cycle allows us to see how minor
each individual factor is in the overall scheme of things.
251, Is the following sentence a claim or evidence?

Homelessness is still a major issue in Australia because policy makers
haven't made a concerted effort to fund and commit to one particular
project for an appropriate length of time. Check one option.
a. A claim
b. Evidence
c, Both a claim and evidence
252, Analyze the following paragraph. What is the origin of the

evidence? Homelessness is still a major issue in Australia because policy
makers haven't made a concerted effort to fund and commit to one
particular project for an appropriate length of time. This is clear from
research that has analyzed the history of homelessness programs in
recent years. Parsell, Jones & Head draw on an extensive list of
published articles and government reports analyzing homelessness
programs in the UK, USA and Australia to conclude that "[a]ttracted by
the successes in the UK and USA, Australian policy makers attempted a
piecemeal transfer making it unlikely that the goal of permanently
ending homelessness will be achieved" (Parsell, Jones & Head, 2012)
Reference: Parsell, C., Jones, A. and Head, B. (2013). Policies and
programs to end homelessness in Australia: Learning from international
practice. International Journal of Social Welfare, 13, 10-23.
a. The arguer's personal experience
b. Anecdotal experience that the arguer heard from others
c. The authors' personal experience
d. The authors' interpretation of other people's experience
253, Analyse the following paragraph. What is the mode of the
programs in the UK, USA and Australia to arrive at the conclusion that
"attracted by the successes in the UK and USA, Australian policy makers
attempted a piecemeal transfer making it unlikely that the goal of
permanently ending homelessness will be achieved"
a. Print media
b. Electronic media
c. Verbal communication
254, Analyze the following paragraph. What is the purpose of the

Check one option.
a. Academic
b. Non-academic
255, Analyze the following paragraph. What is the source of the

programmes to end homelessness in Australia: Learning from
international practice. International Journal of Social Welfare, 13, 10-23
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
256, What is the difference between a bias and an assumption?
a. A bias is a form of stereotype while an assumption is a type of
evidence.
b. A bias is a type of evidence while an assumption is a form of
stereotype.
c. A bias is a type claim with no evidence and an assumption is a
prejudice for or against someone or something.
d. A bias is a prejudice for or against someone or something and an
assumption is a type of claim with no evidence.
257, Consider the following statement.

We can see three types of homeless living on the streets of
Albuquerque. There are those poor souls that are homeless due to bad
luck; there are drunkards and drug addicts; and there are inveterate
criminals. What is the main kind of bias present? Check one option.
a. False classification scheme
b. Bias is hidden in language.
c. Use of an ad hominem
d. Positioning the reader in the same in-group
258, What kind of bias is present in the following statement? The key to
solving homelessness is social housing. Check one option.
a. Use of logical connectors creates bias
b. Positioning the reader in the same in-group
c. Use of emotive language
d. Use of certain or definitive language
259, What problem is there with the following evidence?

Homelessness is an increasingly worrying problem in the USA.
According to Langdon and Kass (1985), "[homelessness] is a national
crisis of ever-increasing proportions. Hundreds of thousands of persons
across the country are so desperately poor that they lack even minimal
shelter" (p.305). They state that there are more homeless people now
than any time since the Great Depression.
Reference: Langdon, J. K. & Kass, M.A. (1985). Homelessness in
America: Looking for the Right to Shelter. Columbia Journal of Law and
Social Problems, 19(3), 305-392. Choose one option.
a. Reliability
b. Sample size
c. Currency
d. Relevance
260, What questions can you ask to determine if the evidence is

relevant to the conclusion? Check two options.
1. Does the evidence support the conclusion?
2. If I took the evidence away, would it make a difference to the
conclusion?
3. Does the evidence seem convincing?
4. Is the evidence old and out-of-date?
261, What problem is there with the following argument?
There are more homeless people now than at any time since the Great
Depression. The Great Depression ended with the onset of World War
II. Therefore, a similar momentous event is needed to end the current
plight of homelessness. Check two options.
1. Nothing. It is a good argument.
2. The premises are false.
3. The link between the two premises is only a correlation, not a
causal relationship.
4. The conclusion is not the most logical outcome from the premises.

"In the case of some areas of the internet that are heavily regulated,
online trade has suffered from excess government regulation and
control. It's not hard to imagine the same thing happening if that kind
of control was extended to all areas of the online economy."
What type of argument is this? Check one option.
a. Argument from analogy
b. Generalization
c. Causal argument
d. Quasilogical argument

"There are many vulnerable children on the internet outside
government protection, but vulnerable children need the government
to protect them, so more government surveillance is needed."
What type of argument is this? Check one option.
b. Generalization
c. Causal argument

"A failure to act on threats made on social media sites by both the
government and authorities has led to female users abandoning certain
sites." What type of argument is this? Check one option.
b. Generalization
c. Causal argument
265, Consider the following argument.

Young people in lowly-paid jobs need to be given rental assistance from
the government. They also need to get paid more by their employers.
Perhaps employers could receive tax breaks from the government,
which they could then pass on to young employees as higher wages.
Which of the following statements, about the claims and evidence in
this argument, are true? Check two options.
1. 'Employers getting tax breaks from the government' is a form of
evidence in this argument.
2. The origin of the evidence in this argument is not clearly stated.
3. No evidence is presented in this argument.
4. Rental assistance is necessary for lowly-paid poor people' is a claim
of this argument.

Homelessness is often considered the preserve of the middle-aged, but
it also falls heavily on young people. In the Springton area, for example,
quite a few homeless people can be observed, particularly in the area
bound by Holroyd and 4th St. What is the origin of the evidence?
a. Non-academic
b. Primary
c. Verbal communication
d. Personal experience

The laws were criticized as being 'out of touch' and 'antiquated'.
How is bias displayed in this statement? Check one option.
a. False classification schemes
b. Use of passive voice to hide responsibility
c. Ad hominem
d. Appealing to membership of a common group
The treatment of homeless people is a sad indictment on this
government and its policies.
How is bias displayed in this statement? Check one option.
a. Use of emotive language
b. Ad hominem
c. Appealing to membership of a common group
d. Use of logical connectors and appealing to membership

All pugs are dogs. Dogs are good pets. All dogs are mammals.
Therefore, all pugs are mammals.
What questions can you ask to determine if the evidence is relevant to
the conclusion in the following statement? Check two options.
1. Is the evidence old and out-of-date?
2. Does the evidence seem convincing?
3. If I took evidence away, would it make difference to conclusion?
4. Does the evidence support the conclusion?
270, What problem is there with the following argument?

I have all my best ideas in the shower. I need to regularly have good
ideas when I am at work. Therefore, I need to have numerous showers
during the day in order to perform well at work. Check one options.
a. Nothing. It is a good argument.
b. The premises are false.
c. The premises are not connected.
d. The conclusion is not the most logical outcome from the premises.

Social housing should be considered an opportunity to move past
current market-based methods of organizing shelter for people, rather
than as a burden for governments. What type of argument is this?
a. Dissociation argument
b. Co-existential argument
c. Generalization
d. Causal argument

The current crisis with homelessness in Dartshire, our sister city in so
many ways, is an important lesson to us here. The same problem could
well occur here too if city hall doesn't provide more options for those
without accommodation in the near future. What type of argument is
this? Check one option.
a. Quasilogical argument b. Generalization
c. Co-existential argument d. Argument from analogy
273, Read the following argument. Identify which sentences are part of
the argument chain.
(1) A significant percentage of people experiencing homelessness are
aged between 0-24 years of age. (2) One contributing factor for youth
homelessness is a lack of exit planning after leaving statutory care,
juvenile justice or medical facilities. (3) If there was increased funding
for exit planning then youth at risk would have more opportunities for
support. (4) If there were more opportunities for support then there
would be a higher chance of intervention when at-risk youth face
homelessness. (5) This would lead to a decrease in youth
homelessness. (6) Therefore, funding for better exit planning would
lead to a decrease in youth homelessness. Check one option.
a. Every sentence
b. Sentences 1, 2 and 3
c. Sentences 3, 4 and 5
d. Sentences 3, 4, 5 and 6
274, Read the following argument. Is sentence (5) an appropriate

sentence for a chain argument?
(1) A significant percentage of people experiencing homelessness are
aged between 0-24 years of age. (2) One contributing factor for youth
homelessness is a lack of exit planning after leaving statutory care,
juvenile justice or medical facilities. (3) If there was increased funding
for exit planning then youth at risk would have more opportunities for
support. (4) If there were more opportunities for support then there
would be a higher chance of intervention when at-risk youth face
homelessness. (5) This would lead to a decrease in youth homelessness.
(6) Therefore, funding for better exit planning would lead to a decrease
in youth homelessness. Check one option.
a. Yes, because it is a conclusion to the argument.
b. Yes, because it links the previous premise with a new premise.
c. No, because the antecedent (the 2nd part) of sentence 4 does not
become the precedent (1st part) of sentence 5.
d. No, because it doesn't use 'if' in the precedent (1st part of the
sentence).
275, Read the following statement. What is the purpose of the

argument? If there was increased funding for exit planning for youth
leaving statutory care, juvenile justice or medical facilities then there
would be a decrease in youth homelessness. There is not increased
funding, so there will not be a decrease in youth homelessness.
a. To prove a point
b. To refute an idea
c. To warn the audience of a terrible mistake
d. Slippery slope
276, Read the following statement. What is the problem with the
conclusion? If there was increased funding for exit planning for youth
leaving statutory care, juvenile justice or medical facilities then there
would be a decrease in youth homelessness. There is not increased
funding, so there will not be a decrease in youth homelessness.
1. It is not the most logical outcome of the premise.
2. It does not use necessary hedging, or cautious, language.
3. Nothing, it is a good argument.
4. The conclusion is not a logical consequence of the premises.
277, Read the following statement. What is wrong with the argument?
If there is no funding for exit planning for young people leaving juvenile
justice, then those at-risk youths will not have adequate support or
stability. If they don't have adequate support or stability they will not
be able to focus on their studies. If those youths are unable to focus on
their studies they will drop out of school. If they drop out of school,
they will not be able to gain employment or be engaged meaningfully.
This would lead them to life of petty crime and worse. Check 2 options.
1. The premises do not logically follow each other.
2. The premises do not present the most logical progression.
3. There are too many generalizations and assumptions for the
argument to be convincing.
4. There is no conclusion.

Homeless people should be allowed to occupy unused buildings that
are owned by others (commonly referred to as "squatting"), as there
are an estimated 700 000 empty properties in England that could be
used as shelter. Any right that owners may claim to property is
superseded by the rights of homeless people to shelter, as the right to
shelter is an inalienable human right. This right to shelter applies in
almost all cases of unoccupied properties, but of course would not
apply if the property was only unoccupied in the short term.
(Adapted from Vasudevan, A. (2011, November 3). The sinister logic
behind criminalising squatting. The Guardian. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/03/criminalis
ing-squatting-law-trespass-homeless)
"Any right that owners may claim to property is superseded by the
rights of homeless people to shelter" is which part of the Toulmin
model of argumentation? Check one option.
a. Backing
b. Evidence
c. Qualifier
d. Warrant

ing-squatting-law-trespass-homeless) "This right to shelter applies in
almost all cases of unoccupied properties" is which part of the Toulmin
model of argumentation?
A. Evidence b. Rebuttal
c. Claim d. Qualifier
ing-squatting-law-trespass-homeless)
"The right to shelter is an inalienable human right" is which part of the
Toulmin model of argumentation? Check one option.
a. Backing
b. Claim
c. Evidence
d. Rebuttal
281, Which of the following are characteristics JUST of critique?

1. A structural rather than just an individual worldview
2. Focusing on power and inequality
3. Questioning assumptions
4. Socially and politically active
282, A common focus of critique is on unjust ideologies. Which of the
following views on unjust ideologies are features of critique, according
to the lecture? Check two options.
1. Unjust ideologies are created by individuals who want to control the
people.
2. Unjust ideologies help maintain unequal power structures.
3. The influence of unjust ideologies can be seen in thinking and
theory itself.
4. Unjust ideologies are only found in politics.
283, In which of the following faculties would you be more likely to find
critique as a way of understanding and analyzing the world?
1. Computer Science
2. Literary Studies
3. Education
4. Biology
284, Which of the following should you include in a reflection?

1. Research and evidence
2. A detailed description of your day leading up the specific experience
3. Possible answers or solutions
4. Review and analysis of a topic, practice, theory or experience
5. Questions about a topic, practice, theory or experience
6. In-depth critical analysis of an argument
285, Consider the following reflection from a university course in
Education. Note that this particular reflection had a word limit of 200-
550 words, and students were instructed to reflect on the idea of being
a critically reflective teacher.
Stephen Brookfield (1995), in his analysis of why critical reflection is
important to teaching, suggests that "an uncritical stance towards our
practice sets us up for a lifetime of frustration" (para. 2). He suggests
this is because teachers can have a different view of their classrooms to
what is actually going on: they are unaware. This contradiction
fascinates me. While on my prac placements, I was particularly
conscious of this - lessons that I thought to be fantastic or boring, when
looked at through a critical eye, turned out to be the opposite, or at
least more in the middle. It was frustrating, to say the least. What we
had learnt in our education theory courses didn't quite match up to
real-life experience. Having my supervisor give me notes at the end
really helped me in evaluating my teaching and planning the next
lesson. This, coupled with my own observations of my students allowed
me to more closely align what Brookfield would call the "meaning and
significance" (para 2) I intended for the lesson to what the students
took from it. While being observed sometimes felt a bit "big brother"
and sometimes just embarrassing, I have no doubt that it made me a
better teacher. These kinds of 'learning processes' throughout a
teaching career are important because they force us to reevaluate our
practice; to, in effect, become aware.
Brookfield, S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San
Francisco, LA: Jossey-Bass.
Now, consider just this section: "While on my prac placements, I was
particularly conscious of this - lessons that I thought to be fantastic or
boring, when looked at through a critical eye, turned out to be the
opposite, or at least more in the middle. It was frustrating, to say the
least." Which stage of Baker's (1996) critical reflection is example of?
a. Implications
b. Significance
c. Identification & description
286, Consider the same reflection from a university course in

a critically reflective teacher. Stephen Brookfield (1995), in his analysis
of why critical reflection is important to teaching, suggests that "an
uncritical stance towards our practice sets us up for a lifetime of
frustration" (para 2). He suggests this is because teachers can have a
different view of their classrooms to what is actually going on: they are
unaware. This contradiction fascinates me. While on my prac
placements, I was particularly conscious of this - lessons that I thought
to be fantastic or boring, when looked at through a critical eye, turned
out to be the opposite, or at least more in the middle. It was
frustrating, to say the least. What we had learnt in our education
theory courses didn't quite match up to real-life experience. Having my
supervisor give me notes at the end really helped me in evaluating my
teaching and planning the next lesson. This, coupled with my own
observations of my students allowed me to more closely align what
Brookfield would call the "meaning and significance" (para 2) I intended
for the lesson to what the students took from it. While being observed
sometimes felt a bit "big brother" and sometimes just embarrassing, I
have no doubt that it made me a better teacher. These kinds of
'learning processes' throughout a teaching career are important
because they force us to revaluate our practice; to, in effect, become
aware. Brookfield, S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher.
San Francisco, LA: Jossey-Bass.
Now, consider just this section: "While being observed sometimes felt a
bit "big brother" and sometimes just embarrassing, I have no doubt
that it made me a better teacher. These kinds of 'learning processes'
throughout a teaching career are important because they force us to
reevaluate our practice; to, in effect, become aware."
Which stage of Baker's (1996) critical reflection is this an example of?
a. Identification & description
b. Significance
c. Implications
286, Read the following argument. Which sentences are part of the
argument chain?
(1) Better data on homelessness would ultimately contribute to a
decrease in homelessness. (2) There is currently a need for a client
information system that would help provide assessment, referrals and
information sharing across the multiple homelessness services. (3)
Improved communication across the different services would ensure
that the clients' needs are being addressed. (4) Moreover, improved
data would help identify which services are most in demand. (5) If the
in-demand services were identified then it would mean greater
resources could be allocated to those areas. (6) This would allow for
greater outreach to homeless people with services that they need. (7)
If this was successful then it would mean more people experiencing
homelessness received the support that they needed.
a. All of them
b.1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
c.1, 4, 5, 6 and 7
d.4, 5, 6 and 7
287, Read the following argument. Which sentence is the conclusion?

(1) Better data on homelessness would ultimately contribute to a
decrease in homelessness. (2) There is currently a need for a client
information system that would help provide assessment, referrals and
information sharing across the multiple homelessness services. (3)
Improved communication across the different services would ensure
that the clients' needs are being addressed. (4) Moreover, improved
data would help identify which services are most in demand. (5) If the
in-demand services were identified then it would mean greater
resources could be allocated to those areas. (6) This would allow for
greater outreach to homeless people with services that they need. (7) If
this outreach was successful then it would mean more people
experiencing homelessness received the support that they needed.
a. (1)
b. (2)
c. (3)
d. (4)
e. (5)
f. (6)
g. (7)
288, For a piece of reflective writing, where should you begin?
Check one option.
a. With an object
b. With something you have recently learned
c. With an experience or event that raised questions or demonstrated
a gap in your knowledge
d. In front of the mirror
289, Consider the following reflection from a university course in

a critically reflective teacher.
Stephen Brookfield (1995), in his analysis of why critical reflection is
practice sets us up for a lifetime of frustration" (para 2). He suggests
this is because teachers can have a different view of their classrooms to
what is actually going on: they are unaware. This contradiction
fascinates me. While on my prac placements, I was particularly
conscious of this - lessons that I thought to be fantastic or boring, when
looked at through a critical eye, turned out to be the opposite, or at
least more in the middle. It was frustrating, to say the least. What we
had learnt in our education theory courses didn't quite match up to
real-life experience. Having my supervisor give me notes at the end
really helped me in evaluating my teaching and planning the next
lesson. This, coupled with my own observations of my students allowed
me to more closely align what Brookfield would call the "meaning and
significance" (para 2) I intended for the lesson to what the students
took from it. While being observed sometimes felt a bit "big brother"
and sometimes just embarrassing, I have no doubt that it made me a
better teacher. These kinds of 'learning processes' throughout a
teaching career are important because they force us to revaluate our
practice; to, in effect, become aware.
Brookfield, S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San
Francisco, LA: Jossey-Bass.
Which of the following sections of the text does the student talk about
the significance of the event or experience? Check two options.
1. Stephen Brookfield (1995), in his analysis of why critical reflection is
practice sets us up for a lifetime of frustration" (para 2). He suggests
this is because teachers can have a different view of their classrooms
to what is actually going on: they are unaware. This contradiction
fascinates me.
2. While on my prac placements, I was particularly conscious of this -
lessons that I thought to be fantastic or boring, when looked at through
a critical eye, turned out to be the opposite, or at least more in the
middle. It was frustrating, to say the least.
3. What we had learnt in our education theory courses didn't quite
match up to real-life experience. Having my supervisor give me notes
at the end really helped me in evaluating my teaching and planning
the next lesson. This, coupled with my own observations of my
students allowed me to more closely align what Brookfield would call
the "meaning and significance" (para 2) I intended for the lesson to
what the students took from it.
4. While being observed sometimes felt a bit "big brother" and
sometimes just embarrassing, I have no doubt that it made me a better
teacher. These kinds of 'learning processes' throughout a teaching
career are important because they force us to re-evaluate our practice;
to, in effect, become aware.

There are numerous examples of people struggling to remove squatters
due to the inadequacy of the law. For example, Imran Lakhani, despite
finding squatters on his property while working overseas, struggled for
6 months to remove the squatters in his house. Dale Morrison faced
similar issues too when she and her family returned from holiday to
find squatters in their house. These cases clearly demonstrate that laws
against squatting on private property should be tightened. Of course,
these changes would only apply to private property to retain people's
right to protest on public land.
Which of the following statements from this text is the Claim?
a."... these changes would only apply to private property to retain
people's right to protest on public land."
b. There is none.
c. "There are numerous examples of people struggling to remove
squatters due to the inadequacy of the law."
d. "These cases clearly demonstrate that laws against squatting on
private property should be tightened."

There are numerous examples of people struggling to remove squatters
due to the inadequacy of the law. For example, Imran Lakhani, despite
finding squatters on his property while working overseas, struggled for
6 months to remove the squatters in his house. Dale Morrison faced
similar issues too when she and her family returned from holiday to
find squatters in their house. These cases clearly demonstrate that laws
against squatting on private property should be tightened. Of course,
these changes would only apply to private property to retain people's
right to protest on public land.
Which of the following statements from this text is the Warrant?
a."... these changes would only apply to private property to retain
people's right to protest on public land."
b. There is none.
c. "There are numerous examples of people struggling to remove
squatters due to the inadequacy of the law."
d.These cases clearly demonstrate that laws against squatting on
private property should be tightened."
292, Consider the following fictional newspaper article.
Homeless man Mike Davis pulled himself back on his feet with some
hard work in his new microbusiness, cleaning local restaurants and
bars. While his microbusiness might have given him a newfound sense
of dignity, along with a few dollars, Mike confessed to his case manager
Susan Lee at New Choices Welfare that he still had a unfulfilled dream -
to find his long-lost sister in the city of Bramingham. That's when Susan,
in conjunction with Flyaway Travel, worked to make Mike's dream a
reality ...
A cultural studies theorist critiques the article in the following way.
Another example of the responsibilisation of homelessness can be seen
in an article in the Southern Messenger (Diaz, 2011). A narrative of
individual self-help, supported by the newspaper's advertisers, is told,
ignoring the broader systemic nature of homelessness.
Which feature of critique, outlined in lesson 5.3a, can be found in the
theorist's writing?
a. A structural worldview is needed, where individual issues are socio-
political phenomena.
b. Unjust ideologies maintain unequal power structures.
c. Theory is never neutral, but either maintains or challenges unequal
power structures.
d. The university is an agent of change rather than just a place to
transmit thought.
293, Consider the following fictional newspaper article.

Homeless man Mike Davis pulled himself back on his feet with some
hard work in his new microbusiness, cleaning local restaurants and
bars. While his microbusiness might have given him a newfound sense
of dignity, along with a few dollars, Mike confessed to his case manager
Susan Lee at New Choices Welfare that he still had a unfulfilled dream -
to find his long-lost sister in the city of Bramingham. That's when Susan,
in conjunction with Flyaway Travel, worked to make Mike's dream a
reality ... A cultural studies theorist continues critiquing the article in
the following way.
Narratives of individual responsibility, such as the Southern Messenger
article, serve to redirect blame towards the homeless for their fate. This
ideology then reinforces how the broader housing system, that
prioritizes the exchange-value of houses on the market rather than
their use-value as accommodation, creates a homeless underclass.
Which feature of critique, outlined in lesson 5.3a, can be found in the
theorist's writing?
a. A structural worldview is needed, where individual issues are socio-
political phenomena.
b. Unjust ideologies maintain unequal power structures.
c. The university is an agent of change rather than just a place to
transmit thought.
d. Theory is never neutral, but either maintains or challenges unequal
power structures.
1. Apply problem-solving strategies to issues related to university life &
study.
thought within academic study.
academic culture.
6. Confidently engage in constructive and critical dialogue with
respect and professionalism.
295, According to Alyssa O'Brien in lesson 1.2b, how long does it take to
master communication skills?
A. 2-3 years
B. 1 year
C. Your whole life.
D. 5 years
296, In lesson 1.3a several students talk about how they stay
motivated. Which of the following ways of staying motivated did they
mention? Check two options.
1. Gaining new knowledge.
2. Going out, or talking with friends
3. Meeting new people in university clubs.
4. Getting a high-paying job at the end.
297, What are two ways to stay motivated according to Simon Messner
in lesson 1.3b? Check two options.
1. Have long-term and short-term goals, and reflect back on them.
2. Create a study timetable based on the best time of day to study.
3. Always study by yourself to avoid distraction.
4. Vary where you study every day to maintain interest.
298, Consider the following situation. "Mike is a first year

undergraduate studying Philosophy at university and his housemate,
Jon, is a first year Nutrition student. As part of one of his courses, Jon
needs to collect data on the eating habits of first year university
students. To do this, he has asked Mike and nine of his other friends to
keep a record of what they eat, and when, for a week.
Mike agrees to help, and keeps a fairly accurate record of what he has
eaten. When the week is up Jon asks Mike to email him his data.
However, when Mike is typing up his eating habits for the week, he
realises that he hasn't eaten any vegetables at all. Not wanting to seem
unhealthy, especially because he doesn't want Jon to judge him, he
pretends that he made a pumpkin soup and adds that to his list. He also
adds a couple of salads to some of his main meals and deletes one of
the chocolate bars. Satisfied, he emails the list to Jon." What is the
problem in this scenario?
A. Mike is Philosophy student, therefore Jon shouldn't have asked him.
B. Mike is falsifying data and this will twist the results of Jon's
research.
C. Jon should have asked strangers, not his friends, to collect the data
for his assignment
D. Jon didn't go through ethics approval before collecting his data.

"Mike is a first year undergraduate studying Philosophy at university
and his housemate, Jon, is a first year Nutrition student. As part of one
of his courses, Jon needs to collect data on the eating habits of first
year university students. To do this, he has asked Mike and nine of his
other friends to keep a record of what they eat, and when, for a week.
the chocolate bars. Satisfied, he emails the list to Jon." Can Jon get in
trouble for academic misconduct?
A. No, Mike is in a different field to Jon and therefore it doesn't matter.
B. Yes, because he is putting Mike in an uncomfortable position by
collecting data about his health and his eating habits.
C. Yes, because he hasn't collected data from a random sample and
instead used his friends
D. No, though it will tarnish his results and not make them valid.

"Mike is a first year undergraduate studying Philosophy at university
and his housemate, Jon, is a third year Nutrition student. As part of one
of his courses, Jon needs to collect data on the eating habits of first
year university students. To do this, he has asked Mike and nine of his
other friends to keep a record of what they eat, and when, for a week.
the chocolate bars. Satisfied, he emails the list to Jon."
Can Mike get in trouble for academic misconduct?
A. Yes, because he is not being honest.
B. Yes, because he has plagiarized.
C. Yes, because he has falsified data.
D. No, he can't get in trouble for academic misconduct.
E. No, he hasn't violated academic integrity
301, "A wise man ... proportions his belief to the evidence." - David
Hume. What quality of academic culture does this relate to?
A. The need for proof to support opinions.
B. The importance of independent learning.
D. The contingent nature of academic knowledge.
302, Dave is going to give a presentation in his human resource

management class tomorrow. He needs to present on the topic of
organisational communication, but he has been busy with work and
other assessments, and doesn't have much of an idea about what to do.
He remembers that last semester he gave a presentation on
organisational behaviour, and that he could just copy and paste certain
portions from that presentation into his current one to save time.
What kind of academic misconduct would Dave be committing if he
used part of his previous presentation?
A. Cheating
B. Falsification of data
C. Fabrication of data
D. Facilitation of academic misconduct
E. Plagiarism
F. It isn't academic misconduct because Dave made the original
presentation.
303, Throughout high school Tomoko had hoped to go to university and

study something creative. She always enjoyed drama and art classes at
school, and even received a prize for her artwork in her final year of
school. Tomoko got a very good mark in her university entrance exam
and her parents convinced her to study business law. Unfortunately,
throughout her first year she has struggled with motivation. What are
some things Tomoko could try in order to stay motivated at university,
according to lesson 1.3b? Check three options.
1. She could employ cognitive behavioral therapy to change some of
her habits.
2. She could identify her key strengths in the course and how to use
them.
3. She could plan her time better.
4. She could try positive visualization and imagine herself as successful.
5. She should keep things in her life in balance, and make sure she has
time for activities outside university such as meeting friends,
exercising or practicing her art.
6. She could think about her personal values and goals and whether
they align with her course of study.
304, How are critical thinking and communication linked, according to

the academics in 1.2b? Check two options.
1. You need to be able to communicate in order to criticise others.
2. Communication is critical to thinking.
3. Communication is needed to form an argument, and thus display
critical thinking.
4. Communication is necessary to engage in questioning, which is
central to critical thinking and academic culture in general.
305, Why are communication skills important at university, according to

the academics in 1.2b? Check two options.
1. So that you can communicate effectively with administrative staff if
you have any problems.
2. Because communication skills are necessary for online
communication in the 21st century.
3. Because communication forms a relationship between people and
also with bodies of knowledge.
4. Because good ideas are not much use unless you can communicate
306, Which of the following are texts? Check all that apply
1. A piece of hip hop graffiti on a wall.
2. A conversation between a student and an administrative staff
member over options for deferring a course for half a year
3. A game of football
4. An interpretive dance performance about migration
307, Consider the following rhetorical situation.

"A student is having some financial difficulties and needs to work full-
time and save money. They are unable to study while they are working,
and the student needs to defer for half a year. They go to the student
support centre in their university, and talk to an administrative staff
member about their options. The student support centre is organised
like a bank or other customer support centre, with officers sitting at
individual desks and university marketing material on the walls. The
staff member consults texts on their computer as they talk to the
computer. At the end of the consultation the student goes away to
consider their options." What is the purpose in this rhetorical situation?
a. To defer for six months from university
b. To talk to an administrative staff member
c. To consult texts on a computer
d. To give advice and assistance to students with issues surrounding
their enrolment and other related matters at university.
308, Consider the following rhetorical situation.

A student is having some financial difficulties and needs to work full-
time and save money. They are unable to study while they are working
and the student needs to defer for half a year. They go to the student
support centre in their university, and talk to an administrative staff
member about their options. The student support centre is organised
like a bank or other customer support centre, with officers sitting at
individual desks and university marketing material on the walls. The
staff member consults texts on their computer as they talk to the
computer. At the end of the consultation the student goes away to
consider their options. Based on this information, which of the
following can be considered social and political influences on this
rhetorical situation? Check two options.
1. Class differences between the student, administrative staff member
2. The marketization of universities which leads to administrative
areas such as this resembling more commercial spaces
3. Unionization of administrative staff members
4. A lack of financial support for students
309, What advice does Dr Alyssa O'Brien give for making the most out
of lectures? Check two options.
1. Build a relationship with your lecturer.
2. Read the course readings.
3. Talk to your classmates.
4. Sit at the back.
310, What two observations does Dr Marie Stevenson make about

students working in groups? Check two options.
1. Younger students tend to let older students do the bulk of the work.
2. Females tend to let males do the bulk of the work.
3. Non-native speakers tend to let native speakers do bulk of work.
4. Part-time students tend to let full-time students do the bulk ofwork.
311, What advice do the students give for communicating effectively at
university? Check two options.
1. Refer to your work experience when communicating at university.
2. Attend orientation week.
3. Follow up emails with spoken conversations.
4. Attend talks.
312, What form of lecture note-taking is this text? Check one option.
a. Cornell format
b. Numeric-alphabetic format
c. Oxford format
d. Outline format
313, Jiyoung is an international student from Korea studying in

Australia. In the past, she has had trouble participating in seminars, but
over the last month, she has successfully attained her goal 'Speak once
in a seminar.' According to lesson 2.3a, what goals can she set herself
now to increase her participation? Check two options.
1. Refer back to what someone else contributed to the discussion.
2. Challenge an argument made in the seminar.
3. Speak twice in each seminar.
4. Make a presentation.
314, What are two things you can do to participate actively in tutorials?
1. Bring questions from the lectures.
2. Speak as much as possible.
3. Keep up with the other parts of your course.
4. Talk about what you're doing on the weekend.

"You are in a Political Science tutorial examining non-traditional
security. Your tutor has given you a hypothetical scenario involving a
security threat. There are four people in your group - Steve, Gwen,
Myriam and Ajay. You each have to play a role as the head of a
government department. You must work together to coordinate your
departments after the security incident. Myriam, who is playing
Minister for Immigration, is the first to speak, saying, 'We'll call the
army to secure the airports.'" Myriam's statement is an example of ...
a. a proposal
b. an assertive
c. a joint activity
d. an assertion

army to secure the airports.'"
Is Myriam's use of an assertion here a good idea?
a. Yes, because she is role-playing the head of government department.
b. Yes, because someone needs to take control in this situation.
c. No, because she should be quiet, wait for other members to speak.
d. No, because she is amongst peers.

army to secure the airports.'"
Myriam's assertion here is probably not the best thing to say to
coordinate this group activity, and she should instead use a proposal.
What would be a good example of a proposal she could use?
a. Call the army to secure the airports.
b. How about we call the army to secure the airports?
c. Nice weather we're having, isn't it?
d. Calling the army is a crypto-fascist response that imperils democracy.
319, What is the purpose of a tutorial or recitation?

A. To practice and extend lecture content through discussions and
problem sets.
B. To impress your tutor.
C. To provide one-on-one tutoring to students.
D. Interaction between the tutor and the students.
320, Which of the following is an assertion? Check two options.

1. "Write up the results by Friday."
2. "I think next step is writing up results, but what do you guys think?"
3. "The next step is to write up the results."
4. "We might start with writing up the results."
321, Which of the following is a proposal? Check two options.

1. "We might start with writing up the results."
2. "I think the next step is writing up the results, but um, what do you
guys think?"
3. "The next step is to write up the results."
4. "Write up the results by Friday."
322, What advice does Dr George Ridgway give for getting the most out
of your tutorials? Check one option.
A. Present to the other people in the tutorial.
B. Be engaged with the topic of the tutorial.
C. Guide other people through the topic of the tutorial.
D. Only talk to your tutor.
323, What suggestions do the students make about how to find out
what is expected of you from an assignment? Check two options.
1. Email administrative staff with the faculty.
2. Make an appointment to meet with a lecturer or tutor.
3. Check the unit of study outline.
4. Asking your friends from high school.
324, You're in a lecture for your course on 'Cross-cultural

communication' on the topic of code-switching and translanguaging.
Which of the following are suitable ways to participate during the
lecture? Check two options.
1. Ask a question about whether you can have an extension for your
assignment that's due next week.
2. Do the readings for the week on your laptop.
3. Ask a question on what 'translanguaging' means.
4. Ask a question at the end about what Gumperz meant about
contextualization cues, which was mentioned in the readings.
325, Consider the following situation. "You are studying a unit titled
'Pedagogy and Professional Practice' as part of your education degree.
10% of your final mark is a reflective blog, where students must reflect
on course content and relate it to their experiences in the classroom.
Students are also expected to respond to others' blog posts." Who is
the audience in this rhetorical situation?
A. Lecturers
B. Administrative staff
C. Students and administrative staff
D. Students
E. Lecturers and administrative staff
F. Lecturers and students
326, Consider the following situation. You are studying a unit titled
'Pedagogy and Professional Practice' as part of your education degree.
10% of your final mark is a reflective blog, where students must reflect
on course content and relate it to their experiences in the classroom.
Students are also expected to respond to others blog posts. What is the
purpose in this rhetorical situation?
A. To reflect on your own and other students' ideas and experiences
B. To write a blog
C. To gain marks
D. To assess students
327, What are two ways that Dr Marie Stevenson says university
students can do to understand their lecturer's expectations for written
assignments?
1. Read the assignment instructions carefully.
2. Ask the lecturer questions.
3. Guess what the lecturer expects based on comments they make in
the lectures.
4. Do the same thing that you did for another unit with a similar written
assignment.
328, Helen Drury describes the main differences between three types
of writing you will encounter at university - essays, reports, and
proposals. Which of the three text types are the following notes
referring to?
- Audience is important for this text
- Usually written for a client, boss etc
- Persuasive text, including cost implications, feasibility etc
- Has a definite structure
a. Essays
b. Reports
c. Proposals
329, Helen Drury describes the main differences between three types
of writing you will encounter at university - essays, reports, proposals.
Which of the three text types are the following notes referring to?
- Typically persuasive
- Must take a position in the introduction
- Your voice must be clear throughout
a. Essays
b. Reports
c. Proposals
330, What is a key concept in an essay question?
a. An often abstract idea, theory or belief that needs to be defined or
explored.
b. A static, unproblematic idea that needs to be included in your essay.
c. A key idea with known and consistent effects that you need to
describe in detail.
d. A specific word such as discuss, analyse or compare that tells you
what you need to do in the essay.
331, What do you do if you are unsure about what kind of text (essay,
research report, professional report, proposal, reflection etc.) you are
required to produce for a particular assignment?
a. Choose whichever text you know you can do best.
b. Ask your lecturer or tutor.
c. Choose the same kind of text as what you produced
d. Ask a friend or other student in the class.
332, What rhetorical areas will have the biggest effect on how you
write a report at university?
Check two options.
1. Author
2. Place
3. Audience
4. Purpose
5. Media
6. Social and political influences
333, Why do we conduct research for essays? Check three options.

1. So you can copy paragraphs to use in your essay.
2. So you can support an idea that you already have.
3. So you can support a well-known fact.
4. To find out more about an idea or concept you aren't sure of.
5. To help refine an idea.
334, When should you conduct research? Check two options

1. As soon as you get your question
2. During the planning stage
3. Only after you've written a first draft
4. While you are drafting your assignment
335, Generally, where do references to other sources appear in a

research report? Check three options.
1. Reference list
2. Results
3. Title
4. Introduction
5. Discussion
336, What is a thesis statement?

a. A short, single sentence that summarizes your response to question
b. The first sentence of your essay
c. A short but detailed paragraph answering the question, similar to an
introduction
d. Your main argument
337, For research reports, in which of following sections would you find
background information or references to general principles in field?
a. Results
b. Conclusion
c. Rule
d. Introduction
338, Consider the following structure.

1. Opening paragraph
2. Identification of problem or situation
3. Presentation of data
4. Processing of data
5. Closing
What is this an example of? Check one option.

a. Hand's structure for essays
b. Johnson's structure for research reports
c. Reynold's structure for presentations
d. Lung's structure for professional reports

In groups of 3-4, develop an online marketing strategy for the product
and business of your choice. Write a ... ... to the company's board of
directors detailing your marketing strategy. Your .... . should include:
- an executive summary
- an overview of relevant literature for online marketing in that industry
- details of the target markets and possible online marketing strategies
- reasons for your choices, along with reasons why the company should
adopt your strategy.
This assignment is an example of a/an ...
A. proposal
B. essay
C. report
340, Consider the following question. "Beneath their surface of

playfulness, the Harry Potter series of books contain darker truths more
suitable for adults rather than children." Do you agree? If so, what
might they be? You may choose to discuss particular scenes or
recurrent themes in detail. This assignment is an example of a/an ...
A. proposal
B. essay
C. report
"Analyse the role of ritual as a means of social control in the Classical
period (250-900AD) of Maya culture. Word limit: 1,500. "
Which of the following things do you think you would be expected to

do in this essay? Check three options.
1. Provide an anecdote of a time when you visited the 2. Maya
archaeological site of Calakmul in Campeche, Mexico.
2. Discuss different theories that suggest rituals are used as a means
of social control
3. Analyse how specific rituals of the Classical period of Maya culture
did/did not provide a means of social control.
4. Describe in detail how certain rituals were performed during the
Classical period of Maya culture using specific archaeological evidence
to support your claims.
5. Describe the kinds of rituals in the Classical period of Maya culture.
6. Provide a comprehensive list of all of the rituals performed during
the Classical period of Maya culture.
342, Which of the following points are true about professional reports
at university? Check three options.
1. A key aim of these reports is to display understanding of how
knowledge is generated in your field.
2. They have both real audiences and imagined audiences.
3. May follow guidelines set by professional bodies or publishers.
4. Purpose is to show familiarity with experimental methods.
5. Language must be brief and key points quickly understood.
6. Their structure is usually Introduction-Methodology- Results-
Discussion/Conclusion.
343, How do you use research in essays, according to lesson 3.3a?

1. In order to copy the other sources' text and use it in our own.
2. To clarify our main ideas.
3. To make it look like we have read a lot.
4. To add authority to our arguments.
344, Where do most references to other information sources generally

occur in professional reports?
A. Towards end as you present any recommendations you might have.
B. Towards the beginning, as you contextualize the problem or
situation you are addressing with other sources.
C. In the middle as you present your data.
D. You generally don't need to do research for professional reports.
345, Consider the following essay question.

"'For all its revolutionary gestures, Fight Club ultimately reinforces a
conservative, hegemonic model of masculinity.' Do you agree or
disagree? Which of the following is the best example of a thesis
statement for this essay question?
A. Possibly Fight Club's most striking scenes are the fight scenes in the
'fight club' itself.
B. A conservative, hegemonic model of masculinity can be seen in both
the narrator's relationship with Tyler Durden and in the activities of the
fight club itself.
C. Subject positions allocated to male characters range from the
patriarchal and hegemonic through to the highly feminized.
D. Despite the masculine themes of Fight Club, the movie contains a
significant feminist subtext which questions rather than reinforces a
hegemonic model of masculinity.
346, Consider the following abstract from a research report. Each

sentence has been numbered.
1.This study researches the relationship between managers' and
employees' perceptions of person-job fit (P-J) and person-organization
fit (P-O). 2. Survey data were gathered from 345 employees and 62
managers from a multinational logistics company. 3. The data showed
that there was a low correlation between manager's and employee's
perceptions of P-J fit. 4. However, there was a much greater
correlation between the two groups' perceptions of P-O fit. 5. The
study highlights the need for greater communication and consistency
within organisations on job expectations and best fit to jobs.
Which sentence or sentences are the Results section?
A. Sentences 3 and 4.
B. Sentence 2.
C. Sentences 1 and 2.
D. Sentence 3.
E. Sentence 1.
F. Sentence 4.
G. Sentences 4 and 5.
H. Sentence 5.
347, What two pieces of advice does Dr Marie Stevenson give for
writing a good first draft? Check two options.
1. Get started.
2. Make a plan and stick to it.
3. Make a plan and be flexible.
4. Focus on your language use.
348, What two pieces of advice does Dr Helen Drury give for refining
and editing a first draft? Check two options.
1. Rewrite all your topic sentences.
2. Try to understand your topic better.
3. Check that your introduction matches your conclusion.
4. Read you topic sentences to make sure they predict the main idea
of the paragraph.
349, How does Dr Alyssa O'Brien see use of visual aids at university as
different from using visuals in other rhetorical situations?
1. Visual aids serve as evidence for your argument.
2. They can be shared on social media.
3. Visual aids must be made by academics.
4. Visual aids must be cited correctly.
350, According to Sowton (2012), what are the three functions of an

essay introduction? Check 3 options.
1. A map
2. A mirror
3. A microphone
4. A marketing tool
5. A microscope
6. A microcosm
351, Which of the following are characteristics of the language of

professional reports? Check two options.
1. The sentences are less complex than in formal academic writing.
2. Use of recommendations
3. Long noun phrases
4. Passive verb forms
352, Consider the following excerpt from a university essay.

Crop rotation changed considerably in the 18th century in Britain.
Farmers in Flanders pioneered a four-field crop rotation system which
meant fewer fields were left fallow. Charles Townsend introduced this
to Britain, and, as a result, crop yields improved. The introduction of
greater cultivation of turnips and clover also lead to a rise in the
number of ruminant animals raised, and the use of these animals
increased yields of meat and dairy products.
What can this writer do to improve cohesion in this passage?
a. Use word chains.
b. Use pronouns to refer to other parts of the text.
c. Use conjunctions.
d. Use Theme-New structures to connect sentences better.
353, Consider the following essay question.

"Discuss the series of events that led to the First World War. What part
did the system of alliances play in causing the conflict? Was a military
arms race between the Great Powers a major influence? Did
colonialism play a part in leading to the conflict?"
Here is a student's essay introduction and conclusion in response to this

question. "The First World War was one of the largest conflicts of the
20th century, leading to millions of deaths both in Europe and around
the world. Unlike other conflicts in the 20th century, the causes of the
conflict were many and various, and historians have had a difficult time
deciding what the primary causes were. The system of alliances, rising
militarism amongst the Great Powers, the politics surrounding a united
Germany, and even the Industrial Revolution have been posited as
short and long term causes of the war. However, it is two of these in
particular - the system of alliances in Europe, and a military arms race
in Europe - that were particularly prominent causes of the conflict.
To sum up, the combination of the system of alliances and rising

militarism amongst European countries - leading to an arms race
amongst the countries - were the two main causes of the First World
War. The system of alliances lead to an "excessively rigid framework"
(Taylor, 1969), which was unable to deal with diplomatic events such as
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Coupled with this was
the immense military buildup and planning amongst the Great Powers,
which created a great impetus for war. It is these two issues, in excess
of others, that led to the bloodshed of the First World War."
The student has unfortunately failed to address one part of the

question. Which part of the question has the student failed to answer?
a. The system of alliances amongst the Great Powers.

b. The role of colonialism in causing the First World War.
c. The military arms race as a cause of the First World War.
d. Domestic issues for the European Great Powers.
354, Which of the following techniques for polishing and refining

academic writing are usually specific to writing reports and proposals?
1. Writing section headings.
2. Writing an abstract or executive summary.
3. Make a reverse outline.
4. Check that you have answered the question.
355, Consider the following information graphic and corresponding text

in a design specification report, detailing the creation and usage of an
online resource for stroke survivors.
"Usage of the SmartSurvive site gradually increased throughout 2015.
After its launch in January, the first quarter saw 325 visitors to the site.
Usage plateaued in the second and third quarters at 450 and 475
visitors respectively, before jumping to 595 visitors in the last quarter."
Which of the following statements about the visual aid and
accompanying writing are true? Check two options.
1. The student has failed to adequately describe the main information
from the visual aid in the writing.
2. The visual aid has not been properly labelled.
3. The wrong form of visual aid has been used.
4. The visual aid doesn't work together with the text.
356, Why does Sowton (2012) suggest reading your text backwards?
a. To check the structure
b. To make a reverse outline
c. To check the grammar
d. To check for font use
357, How can you use the search function on a word processor to check
your writing before submission?
a. To check for names in references
b. To check the formatting
c. To check for correct paragraph structure.
358, What question should you ask yourself first when checking the
format of your writing?
a. "Are the paragraphs indented?"
b. "What number paragraph is this?"
c. "Have I followed my lecturer's formatting guide?"
d. "Does this look like an essay/report?"
359, Consider the following text from a student essay.

"Performance management can be defined as the set of practices
within an organisation designed to measure and improve staff
performance (DeNisi & Pritchard, 2006). The first element of
performance management - to measure staff performance - is often
termed performance appraisal. Performance management's second
main part - to improve staff performance - is more commonly
connected with human resource development. Performance
management's role in measuring staff performance can be traced all
the way back to the work of Frederick Taylor and scientific
management. On the other hand, performance management's role in
improving staff performance is more recent, deriving inspiration from
the work of Elton Mayo and the influence of humanist psychology on
the study of business."
What element of coherence can be used to improve this writing?
A. Don't use over-complicated grammar
B. Clearly state their main ideas.
C. Order the writing into chronological order.
D. Use a logical division of ideas.
360, Consider the following text from a student essay. "Performance

management can be defined as the set of practices within an
organisation designed to measure and improve staff performance
(DeNisi & Pritchard, 2006). The first element of performance
management - to measure staff performance - is often termed
performance appraisal. Performance management's second main part -
to improve staff performance - is more commonly connected with
human resource development. Performance management's role in
measuring staff performance can be traced all the way back to the work
of Frederick Taylor and scientific management. On the other hand,
performance management's role in improving staff performance is
more recent, deriving inspiration from the work of Elton Mayo and the
influence of humanist psychology on the study of business."
What element of cohesion can be used to improve this writing?
A. Use Theme-New structures to connect sentences.
B. Greater use of word chains.
C. Greater use of conjunctions.
D. Use of pronouns to avoid repetition.
361, Is the following sentence more characteristic of research reports,
or professional reports? Why? Check one option.
"The rapid development of the Chinese hybrid economic model may
largely be attributed to the reforms initiated by Chen Yun in the late
1970s and early 1980s."
A. Professional report, because it is referring to business
B. Research report, because it is referring to historical findings.
C. Research report, because it uses passive forms and hedging.
D. Professional report, because it is making a recommendation.
362, What are two pieces of advice about writing essays and reports
that the academics in lesson 4.1 give? Check two options.
1. Cite any visual aids taken from other sources correctly.
2. Make a plan but be flexible.
3. Focus carefully on your language use when writing your first draft.
4. Write your executive summary first.
363, Consider the following data on the proportion of female

employees in 6 companies.
Company Proportion of female
Company 1 39%
Company 2 29%
Company 3 58%
Company 4 48%
Company 5 73%
Company 6 45%
Which form of data graphic would best represent this information?

A. Pie chart.
B. Line graph.
C. Venn diagram.
D. Bar chart.
364, Consider the following excerpt taken from the final draft of an
essay on leadership. "The first form of leadership identified by Burns
(cited in Hays, 2016), transactional leadership, is commonly associated
with everyday management. Transactional leadership is largely seen as
recruiting the participation of employees through material rewards,
and in cases where employees do not follow directives, through
punishments. The appeal of the transactional leader is attained by
appealing to employees own self-interest through such things as
incentives and job security. The transactional leader is seen as someone
who is responsive to external threats and directives from leaders
above, and largely works within the organizational culture. Their overall
objective is to maintain the status quo. Many writers feel that the
transactional leader is somehow inferior to the transformational leader
outlined below, but in my opinion organisations need transactional
leaders as much as transformational leaders. If an organisation had too
many transformational leaders, it would be a case of 'too many chiefs
not enough Indians'. In contrast with transactional leaders,
transformational leaders are seen as proactive rather than just reactive.
Transformational leaders inspire followers through their ideals, idea
and morals rather than ...."
What structural issue does this excerpt have?
A. The paragraphing is wrong.
B. It doesn't answer the question.
C. It lacks coherence.
D. It lacks cohesion.
365, Consider the following excerpt taken from the final draft of an
essay on leadership. "The first form of leadership identified by Burns
(cited in Hays, 2016), transactional leadership, is commonly associated
with everyday management. Transactional leadership is largely seen as
recruiting the participation of employees through material rewards,
and in cases where employees do not follow directives, through
punishments. The appeal of the transactional leader is attained by
appealing to employees own self-interest through such things as
incentives and job security. The transactional leader is seen as someone
who is responsive to external threats and directives from leaders
above, and largely works within the organizational culture. Their overall
objective is to maintain the status quo. Many writers feel that the
transactional leader is somehow inferior to the transformational leader
outlined below, but in my opinion organisations need transactional
leaders as much as transformational leaders. If an organisation had too
many transformational leaders, it would be a case of 'too many chiefs
not enough Indians'. In contrast with transactional leaders,
transformational leaders are seen as proactive rather than just reactive.
Transformational leaders inspire followers through their ideals, idea
and morals rather than ...."
What language issues does this excerpt have? Check two options.
1. It contains a double negative.
2. It contains some grammar errors.
3. It is sometimes too personal in tone.
4. It sometimes is more like spoken language.
366, When you are checking that you have answered your question
when polishing your essay, there are three steps suggested in lesson
4.3a. Here are the three steps presented out of order:
1. Highlight the sentences in your introduction and conclusion that
address each part.
2. Highlight which topic sentences address each part.
3. Break down the question into its relevant parts
- What is the correct order for this process?
A. 2, 3, 1
B. 3, 2, 1
C. 2, 1, 3
D. 1, 3, 2
367, Dr Marie Stevenson makes two good recommendations about the

use of PowerPoint in presentations. What are they? Check two options.
1. Give out printouts of any PowerPoint slides you use.
2. Don't use too many PowerPoint slides.
3. Don't just read out your PowerPoint slides.
4. Make your PowerPoint slides as colourful as possible.
368, Dr Stevenson also makes a number of points about use of voice in

presentation. Which of the following comments did she make?
1. "Speak directly to your audience."
2. "Don't speak too loud so people are forced to listen closely."
3. "Don't speak too fast."
4. "Take pauses."
a. 1,2
b. 2, 3
c. 3, 4
d. 1, 4
369, Dr Alyssa O'Brien suggests that there are two challenges facing
students doing presentations in academic contexts. What are they?
1. Determine the format and expectations of presentations
2. Find your own argument and present it with authority.
3. Summoning the confidence to present in public.
4. Having the technical knowledge to create amazing PowerPoint
presentations.
370, Consider the following presentation assessment from a Linguistics
unit entitled 'Language and Power.'
Students will need to individually present each week on the readings
for that week. Each student will be allocated a week in which to
present. The presentations will last for 15 minutes, with the final 5
minutes allocated to discussion of the topic amongst the tutorial group.
Student will be required to quickly present the main points of the
readings, find similarities and differences, and try to apply the ideas to
real world language situations. They will also need to lead the
discussion in the final 5 minutes of the presentation.
What is the main purpose of this presentation?
a. To entertain the audience
b. To practice spoken communication skills
c. To display subject knowledge and critical thinking skills
d. To persuade the audience
371, Consider the following presentation assessment from a Linguistics

unit entitled 'Language and Power.'
Students will need to individually present each week on the readings
for that week. Each student will be allocated a week in which to
present. The presentations will last for 15 minutes, with the final 5
minutes allocated to discussion of the topic amongst the tutorial group.
Student will be required to quickly present the main points of the
readings, find similarities and differences, and try to apply the ideas to
real world language situations. They will also need to lead the
discussion in the final 5 minutes of the presentation.
You are going to make this presentation next week, and would like to
show a video of a short segment of classroom discussion. What are
your three most important considerations with regard to Place before
you make your presentation? Check three options.
1. The seating arrangement in the room
2. Whether the projector is working.
3. Whether the sound is working.
4. Whether you can use PowerPoint or not.
5. Whether you can play the video file of the classroom discussion on
the computer in the room.
372, Which of the following are possible ways to organise the body of
your presentation, according to lesson 5.2b? Check three options.
1. Chronological order
2. Specific to General
3. Natural structure
4. Residues approach/comparing points of view
5. General to Specific
6. Resources approach
373, Consider the following slide from a presentation on crop rotation

in the 18th century. What problems does it have in terms of readability
of text? Check three options.
1. There is not enough text.
2. The heading is too large.
3. The body text is too small.
4. There are too many fonts being used on the slide.
5. There is too much text on the slide.
6. There are some misspelled words.
374, Consider the following slide from a presentation on crop rotation

in the 18th century. What problems does it have in terms of use of
images? Check two options.
1. The images are too small.
2. The images need more contrast to stand out.
3. The pictures are not related to the text.
4. There is not enough space around the images.
375, What is signposting language?

a. Language found on signs around university.
b. Language used to preview a presentation in the introduction.
c. Directions on your script about how to use body language in your
presentation.
d. Words and phrases designed to explicitly signal the structure of a
presentation to an audience.
376, What tips does lesson 5.4a give for engaging your audience?
1. Move around the room a lot during your presentation to raise the
energy levels.
2. Apologize if you make any errors.
3. Make sure you minimize your accent, if you have one.
4. Make eye contact with your audience.
5. Don't turn your back on the audience.
6. Model the engagement you want from your audience.
377, Which of the following are techniques suggested in lesson 5.4b for
engaging your audience at the beginning of your presentation?
1. Tell a joke.
2. Have a short quiz.
3. Put up a discussion question.
4. Talk about how you got to the presentation.
378, It's the end of the presentation, and someone had asked you a
difficult question. What do you do? Check two options.
1. Ask them to repeat the question to buy more time.
2. Move on to the next question without answering it.
3. Throw the question back to the audience to answer.
4. Ask them to be quiet for a minute or two while you look up the
answer on your phone.
379, Consider the following presentation assessment from an
undergraduate business unit of study outline.
Groups of 3-4 will design an online marketing campaign for the
organisation of their choice. They will write a report addressed to the
organisation's marketing director, giving reasons for their choices.
Groups will also present their campaign in the final lesson of the
course. The presentation must be addressed to the company's board of
directors, and will need to 'pitch' their marketing strategy to the board,
as well as giving reasons for their choices. The presentation will last for
10 minutes, with extra time at the end for questions.
Who is/are your audience/audiences for this presentation?
A. A and B
B. A, B and C
C. B and C
D. D. Imaginary board of directors
E. B, C and D
F. A, B and D
G. C. Administrative staff
H. A. Students
I. B. Academics
380, Consider the same presentation assessment from an

undergraduate business course unit of study outline.
Groups of 3-4 will design an online marketing campaign for the
What kind of research will students need to do for the presentation?
A. C. Research into the market demographics for the online marketing
campaign.
B. B. Research into the organisation to which the presentation is
addressed.
C. Both B and C.
D. A. None

"Groups of 3-4 will design an online marketing campaign for the
10 minutes, with extra time at the end for questions."
What will be the best structure for the body of this presentation?
A. Residues approach. B. General to Specific.
C. Chronological structure. D. Narrative structure.
Your group member would like to give the following introduction to the
talk. 'Good afternoon everyone. Today's presentation will outline our
proposed online marketing plan for XYZ industries. Our presentation
will firstly give the theoretical background for our proposed plan. We
will then present information on the demographics we will be targeting,
and following that the channels and schedules for the online market
plan. We would ask you to please save any questions until the end.'"
What do you think of the introduction?
A. It's missing a thesis statement.
B. It's fine.
C. It's missing an outline of what each presenter will be talking about.
D. It's missing a definition of key terms.

Here is an information graphic one of your group members wants to

present in the presentation.
What do you think of this information graphic?

A. The columns should be different colours.
B. The information should be presented as a pie chart
C. It's fine.
D. The information should be presented as a line graph.

One of your group members would like to write out the full script for
the presentation. What are two of the drawbacks with this approach?
1. Reading off a piece of paper will cause your audience to disengage.
2. It will limit your ability to adapt the presentation to different
situations.
3. It might result in you missing points or rambling.
4. It might lead to your presentation being more unstructured.

You have started delivering your presentation but you have noticed
that the audience seem disengaged, and are not paying attention. What
do you do? Check two options.
1. Start talking faster.
2. Smile and stand taller.
3. Make eye contact.
4. Think of a snappy 'hook' to get their attention.
5. Tell a joke.
Someone asks a difficult question at the end, criticising part of your
online marketing campaign aimed at students and saying that students
use different kinds of online media. What is a suitable reply?
1. "That's a valid point. However according to Smith and Jones (2015)
students ..."
2. "That's an interesting point. What are other people's views? Do you
think, as students, you would respond to this campaign?"
3. "No, you're wrong. Our research proves our position is correct."
4. "Well, we did a lot of research on this so I think our point is correct."

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1. Which of the following are learning objectives for this MOOC?

2, What percentage of your total marks is the final summative

3, Which of the following are NON-assessed activities on this MOOC?

5, Which of the following actions would need some level of digital

6, According to the experts in 1.2b, which of the following is an example

8, What does Professor Nick Enfield suggest is one of the most

9, What does Marcella Robertson suggest students notice at university?

10, What is academic integrity?

12, "Academic communities of integrity value the interactive,

16, Consider the following situation.

17, Consider the following situation.

18, (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soc-net-paten-growth-

19, An episode of the TV fantasy drama series Dragon's Play.

21, Why can't we rely just on textbooks as information sources at

22, Academic journal articles allow us to enter the discussions that

23, What is the usual structure of a scientific journal article?

24, You are doing an assignment on media representations of women in

27, Consider the following question.

28, Consider the following question.

29, Consider the following question.

30, Consider the following question.

33, In which part of an academic journal article would you encounter

35, You are an undergraduate pharmacology student researching

37, Why do academic journal articles, rather than textbooks or course

38, Consider the following assessment question.

40, Consider the following assessment question.

41, Which of the following is NOT a criterion used to judge the

43, Consider our example assessment question. "Doctors can be

44, Consider our example assessment question.

45, Consider our example assessment question.

46, Consider our example assessment question.

51, Which of these parts of an academic journal article would you

54, Which of the following can we use to evaluate the credibility of

55, Which of the following publishers would be considered unreliable

57, If you want to check the relevance of an information source to your

58, When checking for relevance, what does it mean if an information

59, Which if the following would probably NOT be a good thing to

Title: Deep learning neural networks to assess human driver's

Abstract: A short summary of the article

Introduction: Explains advance of driverless cars in society. Talks about

Outlines the purpose of the study - to assess the performance of a deep

Results: Compares the deep learning neural networks performance

Conclusion: Outlines areas for further study, and explains relevance of

Note: We have not included "headings" as an option because, in this

63, Which of the following would you NOT need to reference at

64, Compare the original with a student's paraphrase below.

Student's paraphrase: “The growing use of AI in society does not

66, What type of referencing system is being used in text below?

Original quote: "Recently robot-assisted surgery has broadened its

Student's writing: Another important innovation has been the advent of

69, Which of the following is NOT a strategy for paraphrasing suggested

70, Original: "Recently robot-assisted surgery has broadened its

Student's writing: Some writers, such as Noda et al. (2013), have

71, Which of the following are examples of plagiarism?

72, Is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

73, Is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

Student's writing: Other possible implications of AI replacing humans in

A. It is not an example of plagiarism.

74, Why is this student's writing an example of plagiarism?

Student's paraphrase: The growing use of AI in society does not