Chapter 3

Particle Kinetics

3.1 Force and Acceleration

3-1. The 300-kg bar B originally at rest, is being towed over a series of small rollers.
Determine the force in the cable when t = 5 s, if the motor M is drawing in the cable for a
short time at a rate of v = ( 0.4t 2 ) m/s, where t is in seconds, 0  t  6 s. How far does the bar

move in 5 s? Neglect the mass of the cable, pulley, and the rollers.

Prob. 3-1 Prob. 3-2

3-2. The crane lifts the 700-kg bin with an initial acceleration of 3 m/s2. Determine the force
in each of the supporting cables due to this motion.

3-3. The block has a mass m and is given a velocity

v0 up the plane. If the angle of inclination is steep
enough so that the block is able to slide down,
determine the velocity of the block when it returns to
the point at which it was launched. The coefficient
Prob. 3-3
of kinetic friction between the block and the plane is
k .

3-4. A freight elevator, including; its load, has a mass of 500 kg. It is prevented from rotating
due to the track and wheels mounted along its sides. If the motor M develops a constant
tension T = 1.50 kN in its attached cable, determine the velocity of the elevator when it has
moved upward 3 m starting from rest. Neglect the mass of the pulleys and cables.

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 Prob. 3-4 Prob. 3-5 and 3-6

3-5. Block B has a mass m and is released from rest when it is on top of cart A, which has a
mass of 3m. Determine the tension in cord CD needed to hold the cart from moving while B is
sliding down A. Neglect friction.

3-6. Block B has a mass m and is released from rest when it is on top of cart A, which has a
mass of 3m. Determine the tension in cord CD needed to hold the cart from moving while B is
sliding down A. The coefficient of kinetic friction between A and B is  k .

Prob. 3-7 Prob. 3-8

3-7. The 10-kg block A rests on the 50-kg plate B in the position shown. Neglecting the mass
of the rope and pulley, and using the coefficients of kinetic friction indicated, determine the
time needed for block A to slide 0.5 m on the plate when the system is released from rest.

3-8. Blocks A and B each have a mass m. Determine the largest horizontal force P which can
be applied to B so that A will not slip up B. The coefficient of static friction between A and B
is  s . Neglect any friction between B and C.

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 Prob. 3-9 Prob. 3-10

3-9. Block A has a mass of 10 kg and is hoisted using the rope and pulley system shown. If
the collar is moving to the right at 10 m/s and has a deceleration of 5 m/s2 at the instant
shown, determine the tension in the cable connected to the collar at this instant.

3-10. The sports car, having a mass of 1700 kg, is traveling horizontally along a 200 banked
track which is circular and has a radius of curvature of ρ = 100 m. If the coefficient of static
friction between the tires and the road is  s = 0.2, determine the maximum constant speed at

which the car can travel without sliding up the slope. Neglect the size of the car.

3-11. Prove that if the block is released from rest at point B of a smooth path of arbitrary
shape, the speed it attains when it reaches point A is equal to the speed it attains when it falls
freely through a distance h; i.e., v = 2 gh .

Prob. 3-11 Prob. 3-12

3-12. The 200-kg snowmobile with passenger is traveling down the hill such that when it is at
point A, it is traveling at 4 m/s and increasing its speed at 2 m/s2. Determine the resultant
normal force and the resultant frictional force exerted on the tracks at this instant. Neglect the
size of the snowmobile.

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3-13. The ball has a mass of 30 kg and a speed v = 4 m/s at the instant it is at its lowest point,
 = 00 . Determine the tension in the cord and the rate at which the ball's speed is decreasing
at the instant  = 200 . Neglect the size of the ball.

Prob. 3-13 Prob. 3-14

3-14. The collar A having a mass of 0.75 kg, is attached to a spring having a stiffness of k =
200 N/m. When rod BC rotates about the vertical axis, the collar slides outward along the
smooth rod DE. If the spring is unstretched when s = 0, determine the constant speed of the
collar in order that s = 100 mm. Also, what is the normal force of the rod on the collar?
Neglect the size of the collar.

Prob. 3-15 Prob. 3-16

3-15. The 6-kg block is confined to move along the smooth parabolic path. The attached
spring restricts the motion and, due to the roller guide, always remains horizontal as the block
descends. If the spring has a stiffness of k = 10 N/m, and an unstretched length of 0.5 m,
determine the normal force of the path on the block at the instant x = 1 m and the block has a
speed of 4 m/s. Also, what is the rate of increase in speed of the block at this point? Neglect
the mass of the roller guide and the spring.

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3-16. A collar having a mass of 0.75 kg and negligible size slides over the surface of a
horizontal circular rod for which the coefficient of kinetic friction is  k = 0.3. If the collar is

given a speed of 4 m/s and then released at  = 00 , determine how far, s, it slides on the rod
before coming to rest.

3-17. The 4-kg spool slides along the rotating rod. At

the instant shown, the angular rate of rotation of the rod
is 6 rad/s, which is increasing at 2 rad/s2. At this same
instant, the spool is moving outward along the rod at 3
m/s, which is increasing at 1 m/s2 when r = 0.5 m.
Determine the radial frictional force and the normal
force of the rod on the spool at this instant. Prob. 3-17
3-18. The particle has a mass of 0.5 kg and is confined to move along the smooth vertical slot
due to the rotation of the arm OA. Determine the force of the rod on the particle and the
normal force of the slot on the particle when  = 300 . The rod is rotating with a constant
angular velocity of  = 2 rad/s. Assume the particle contacts only one side of the slot at any
instant.

Prob. 3-18 Prob. 3-19

3-19. The ball has a mass of 2 kg, and a negligible size. It is originally traveling around the
horizontal circular path of radius r0=0.5 m such that the angular rate of rotation is 0 = 1 rad/s.

If the attached cord ABC is drawn down through the hole at a constant speed of 0.2 m/s,
determine the tension the cord exerts on the hall at the instant r=0.25 m. Also, compute the
angular velocity of the ball at this instant. Neglect the effects of friction between the ball and
horizontal plane. Hint: First show that the equation of motion in the  direction yields

a = r + 2r =
1d 2
r dt
( )
r  = 0 .When integrated, r 2 = c, where the constant c is determined from the problem

data.

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3.2 Work and Energy

3-20. The 100-kg crate is subjected to forces F1 = 800

N and F2 = 1.5 kN as shown. If it is originally at rest,
determine the distance it slides in order to attain a speed
of v = 6 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between
Prob. 3-20
the crate and the surface is  k = 0.2.

3-21. The 2-kg block is subjected to a force having a

constant direction and a magnitude F = [300/(1 + s)] N,
where s is in meters. When s = 4 m, the block is
moving to the left with a speed of 8 m/s. Determine its
speed when s = 12 m. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block and the ground is  k = 0.25. Prob. 3-21

3-22. Determine the velocity of the 20-kg block A after it is released from rest and moves 2 m
down the plane. Block B has a mass of 10 kg and the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the plane and block A is  k = 0.2. Also, what is the tension in the cord?

Prob. 3-22 Prob. 3-23

3-23. The collar has a mass of 20 kg and rests on the smooth rod. Two springs are attached to
it and the ends of the rod as shown. Each spring has an uncompressed length of 1.5 m. If the
collar is held in the center position of the rod, s = 0, and then displaced s = 0.5 m and released
from rest, determine its velocity at the instant it returns to the point s = 0.

3-24. The collar has a mass of 30 kg and is supported on the rod having a coefficient of
kinetic friction  k = 0.4. The attached spring has an unstretched length of 0.2 m and a

stiffness k = 50 N/m. Determine the speed of the collar after the applied force F = 200 N
causes it to be displaced s = 1.5 m from point A. When s = 0 the collar is held at rest.

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 R
Prob. 3-24 Prob. 3-25

3-25. Marbles having a mass of 5 g fall from rest at A through the glass tube and accumulate
in the can at C. Determine the placement R of the can from the end of the tube and the speed
at which the marbles fall into the can. Neglect the size of the can.

3-26. The 100-kg stone is being dragged across the

smooth surface by means of a truck T. If the towing
cable passes over a small pulley at A, determine the
amount of work that must be done by the truck in
order to increase the cable angle  from 1 = 300 to

2 = 450 . The truck exerts a constant force F = 500 N

on the cable at B. Neglect the mass of the pulley and Prob. 3-26
cable.

3-27. The block has a mass of 0.8 kg and moves

within the smooth vertical slot. If it starts from rest
when the attached spring is in the unstretched position
at A, determine the constant vertical force F which
must be applied to the cord so that the block attains a
speed vB = 2.5 m/s when it reaches B; sB = 0.15 m.
Neglect the size and mass of the pulley. Hint: The
work of F can be determined by finding the difference
l in cord lengths AC and BC and using U F = F l.

Prob. 3-27

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3-28. A spring having a stiffness of 5 kN/m is compressed 400 mm. The stored energy in the
spring is used to drive a machine which requires 90 W of power. Determine how long the
spring can supply energy at the required rate.

3-29. The elevator E and its freight have a total mass

of 400 kg. Hoisting is provided by the motor M and
the 60-kg block C. If the motor has an efficiency of
 = 0.6, determine the power that must be supplied
to the motor when the elevator is hoisted upward at a
constant speed of vE = 4 m/s.

Prob. 3-29

Prob. 3-30

3-30. The firing mechanism of a pinball machine consists of a plunger P having a mass of
0.25 kg and a spring of stiffness k = 300 N/m. When s = 0, the spring is compressed 50 mm. If
the arm is pulled back such that s = 100 mm and released, determine the speed of the 0.3-kg
pinball B just before the plunger strikes the stop, i.e., s = 0. Assume all surfaces of contact to
be smooth. The ball moves in the horizontal plane. Neglect friction, the mass of the spring,
and the rolling motion of the ball.

Prob. 3-31 Prob. 3-32

3-31. The steel ingot has a mass of 1800 kg. It travels along the conveyor at a speed v = 0.5
m/s when it collides with the "nested" spring assembly. If the stiffness of the outer spring is
kA= 5 kN/m, determine the required stiffness kB of the inner spring so that the motion of the
ingot is stopped at the moment the front, C, of the ingot is 0.3 m from the wall.

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3-32. When the 6-kg box reaches point A it has a speed of vA = 2 m/s. Determine the angle 
at which it leaves the smooth circular ramp and the distance s to where it falls into the cart.
Neglect friction.

Prob. 3-33 Prob. 3-34

3-33. The 2-kg hall of negligible size is fired from point A with an initial velocity of 10 m/s
up the smooth inclined plane. Determine the distance from point C to where it hits the
horizontal surface at D. Also, what is its velocity when it strikes the surface

3-34. The block has a mass of 20 kg and is released from rest when s = 0.5 m. If the mass of
the bumpers A and B can be neglected, determine the maximum deformation of each spring
due to the collision.

3.3 Impulse and Momentum

3-35. The jet plane has a mass of 250 Mg and a horizontal velocity of 1(1() m;'s when t = 0. If
both engines provide a horizontal thrust which varies as shown in the graph, determine the
plane's velocity in t = 15 s. Neglect air resistance and the loss of fuel during the motion.

Prob. 3-35 Prob. 3-36

3-36. A 50-kg crate rests against a stop block S, which prevents the crate from moving down
the plane. If the coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the plane and the crate are
s = 0.3 and k = 0.2, respectively, determine the time needed for the force F to give the

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crate a speed of 2 m/s up the plane. The force always acts parallel to the plane and has a
magnitude of F = (300t) N, where t is in seconds. Hint: First determine the time needed to
overcome static friction and start the crate moving.

Prob. 3-37 Prob. 3-38

3-37. Block A has a mass of 3 kg and B has a mass of 5 kg. If the system is released from rest,
determine the velocity of each block in t = 4 s. Neglect the mass of the pulleys.

3-38. The 50-kg block is hoisted up the incline using the cable and motor arrangement shown.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is k = 0.4. If the block

is initially moving up the plane al v0 = 2 m/s, and at this instant (t = 0) the motor develops a

( )
tension in the cord of T = 300 + 120 t N, where t is in seconds, determine the velocity of

the block when t = 2s.

3-39. The log has a mass of 500 kg and rests on the ground for which the coefficients of static
and kinetic friction are s = 0.5 and k = 0.4, respectively. The winch delivers a towing

force T to its cable at A which varies as shown in the graph. How much time is required to
give the log a speed of 15 m/s? Originally the cable tension is zero. Hint: First determine the
force needed to begin moving the log.

Prob. 3-39 Prob. 3-40

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3.40. A ballistic pendulum consists of a 4-kg wooden block originally at rest,  = 00. When a
2-g bullet strikes and becomes embedded in it, it is observed that the block swings upward to
a maximum angle of  = 60. Estimate the speed of the bullet.

3.41. The cart has a mass of 3 kg and rolls freely down the slope. When it reaches the bottom,
a spring loaded gun fires a 0.5-kg ball out tile back with a horizontal velocity of vb/c = 0.6 m/s,
measured relative to the cart. Determine the final velocity of the cart.

vc

Prob. 3-41

Prob. 3-42

3-42. The 5-kg spring-loaded gun rests on the smooth surface. It fires a ball having a mass of
1 kg with a velocity of v' = 6 m/s relative to the gun in the direction shown. If the gun is
originally at rest, determine the distance the ball is from the gun at the instant the ball reaches
its highest elevation C. Neglect the size of the gun.

Prob. 3-43 Prob. 3-44

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3-43. Determine the angular momentum HO of the particle about point O.

3-44. Determine the total angular momentum HO for the system of three particles about point
O. All the particles are moving in the x-y plane.

Prob. 3-45 Prob. 3-46

3-45. The two blacks A and B each have a mass of 400 g. The blocks are fixed to the
horizontal rods, and their initial velocity is 2 m/s in the direction shown. If a couple moment
of M = 0.6 Nm is applied about CD of the frame, determine the speed of the blocks when t = 3
s. The mass of the frame is negligible. and it is free to rotate about CD. Neglect the size of the
blocks.

3-46. A small particle having a mass m is placed inside the semicircular tube. The particle is
placed at the position shown and released. Apply the principle of angular momentum about
point O, and show that the motion of the particle is governed by the differential equation
g
+ sin  = 0.
R

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