module E i Sienpli-fcation of Boolean “Fonctins ‘ ne ee | GD) (@ oblain the wfinimal SOP expsession -fos the susilchio: fonction using k-map & Yanplemeat «48iNg MAND gales Ye inn C1514 13p 164 1531418 20/21/22 25129) + 430/31), Giver S-vaviable, sop function °s — ae ui 18 yt, Fy 182031, 22728729) + 30°21) Dav SV kmap & sepresedt minterms with logic 41 doo't cows with x Woe ot ne ve ol Grouping of cells Quad => (S175) 7 aCe j — or Quads > Uy S!H2D ©? ude —7 % Quads 7 (1415/3031) 7 bed —9 93 n quady 9 (aiagea) % ede 7H pain, =7 (20121) ated! —7 3s pain, 92D abe! —7 minimal sop function ae ace+tde+ bedrade+atled! 1. +abde! Assume M2 Yt Yat Jat Sut Met 4 tea, ber lstl sapst beet ves’, & = Jw. G2): (a - Go (9s) wt Fo implement SE weenive tI NAND gales:\ Hi tet Ge Gy (o> Siroplify the follasing nction & fenplemest with basic gales F(uys2z)> Eco6) @iven 3-variable sop fonction FCAY2)= ECe,/6) Gasides 3-Variable k-mae gt x po o1 unto lO] | ‘ o Fluy,2) = yd aya! To implement St weguive 3 Nor gales, 2 AND gaks € Aor gate iy zz foo Tom FOUR)(2 (A _ Sionpliig, Y= TIM C3 6141 8, 80s 12) 184 1 19) 20, 2424) 25, 24/28) using K-map method & implement using ‘Nok’ gales Given 5-Vartable POS function ts Ye 1™ (316,718), 1241411, 1) 20, 21 244 | 25) 24/28 Represent S-Vaviable k-map & maxlerns «with logic O- pe eo Net fe oe ed AOsOd “ eK QL OF u Od, 10) wl CCler 4 Ge (21) Grouping of cells Quad, =>.(@:1024) => AlBe! =7 aes > y Quads = (8112/24/28) > soe! = rote — yn. Quads > (imine AcE 7 plectel —> 93 ee pais, =7 C5) s>aAgoe 7 Sept re ay park, => Gt) 2aaprbed > Aeneeies: els pins 27 G0) =? acco! = alegecleo —>96 Simplified Pos fonction ts s Rnetion ts Aya(axelreycarrore)(arerel) Ca++ die!) (orateleo!) (alegeclto) sume > Mr Yas Ig - Ya Is Me ' = feos Wo ed 4W0's e46)|} To implement J vequive > NOR — galesLanplementation 1 A ee ‘et folowing. USING tablatimininl ation FCABCd)= Sm CG, HSI) t+ C10) ny 121134 f step se Arrange all the given terns in-form of Groups base on numbers of Ns ta binary format ‘Tenens: Binorry Foro Ersoup = “ABCD otto out 100° tool 1o1e Lol Lt0o90 \tol ute ctl (LD Minimize theslap 2* Find all possible. ‘implicate Cpains, quads & octets) Paiss in| pee {Oe | octets ea 100Xx |@,a10/") pemelieoes BCD (an) | toxe \(itans) | 1 xox Garon ans) [Lexx | Cam) _|_ 1X20 |@ranery rox aro! | tea) | OTT [enemy] 1x xO fem) | x 010 |@rareragt Heer (ad roxt (ay | 1x 0l (erent AO fin’ [orate [ees L Atl (toner), ry 10 Certs OEY (ns) trox | Gomis) tele tain) | tr xe ens? | 1x Wears eit Gains] 1%E wis) | ix arvaretrisy ye @nisd | tel rary Ht [Cray | tox [towmeine> POEL slep 3 Find prime: teopheants & ust out toa Fable. Pree mplien | a geo (6141415) KLE xx (a, 4st0sth 1241321415.) Wee atega> -Find essential Prime “woplicanks feom, Paime. ioplicants fable pine Seophcant +e] hele Coranmns) © xy Q\I@ ex mae epz's ave (6,315) = 0 {gaan navants) = 9 Simplified nection ts =7 So of ep2's =7 AtBC errr st) 2Wa sven the boolean -function: ps Alelels aleol+ slecolr na! +B simplify fonction use simple, snethed Emap Giver 4-Vatioble. -finction nok canonical -forey & Represent ae op function. rleicl+ sleds alacol+ ade! aed. 14 acol.t 4 Alco! + ABc!| > ade toed aedla rot] rdecols abe'Coro) J abt paleo adeo+ alaco'+ pedo aedd 1091 1000 ue > Adelo+ cool 9000 0010 2, cool rolg 90to, oll ™m mo iG) Win, . TB mq ys F =y Bmn(01112) 61819119) « Consides A-Vaniable, E-maP & represent tems with 4 OL oo ot Ut te 43 aL Grouping of cells © quad; (0/8118) =? aol quads (0184) ec! , pain (216) aco + dclyaeo! boolean fonction, example » 4 pvaniable. F-nap chast which cookatas nurnber of represents either aviestem «Simplified wi» Explain with an Keomop F A Graph | calls] Semanes and each cell or martes. « k-map is a Karnaugh map / map meliod-& map method fs used to simplify. boolean -finctions # rap bas 2 number of cells- ny roof variables rap contains at=16 cells opresentation — Heve x H-Vvariable, 4 yavasiable "ap & ee OV oe oo) Mo [Mu [Ma] Mo 00] Mo] mi| 73] 7a] 1 |mafens| mz | mg ot|My Bele | Me 1p [aor MB/S, On| + thpsaphe Me| Mig to [Ma [91 |Mq tol Mg | Ma | Mir} Mi] each cet =y Minter each cell = maxtern a Consides one example. SOP fonction ; re Beno 3-57 1R) 27 weereseoh each “ei toil legie 4. 10, J J. TU: + Grouping of cells f quad, (0/1213) = ae quads. (13151) =7 alo Quads C213) 10nd) =7 Ale chen Simplified exeession becomes Fr Alt Alotalc Pos function , terms represent * we Tf wo consider with logic ‘0 Tm each —gnouping fern becomes complemented rey & will get —Slenplifieel OS(4) Tmplement the ie , “yeoo- level forans boolean, fonction with ‘the following &) NAND-AND UD AND-NOR Gili) OR-NAND Uw) NOR-OR F (A181 10) = WT C01t 4 374 ,BsAID) Giver 4 variable POS fonction °s FAB 1ciD) = TH Cot) 418192) Consides’ 4 variable. ‘map te simplify eV feo) eve. roissing teams a O} fo Toy becomes mioerms ot LOW VAITY 1 LOLKUNE| to eT = Grouping of cells in. pos Quad)(o13) = Ale => AB Quad a (0148112) col = o+0 Quad 3 (0111819) acl > Bte we then Simplified fonction % Grouping of cells in SOP Quad , (517315) =7 BP quads Ce,z3) =7 BS Quads ( 19th In!8) 27 BE % then simplified function [ex ne1e300/ 4H wpkmment given. “hoo level ‘forms, Teenize sop with complement £ pos with complement fonctions ' 4 thew els (ere rcexe)cer0) } 2 a Cer = facsscren}! —3©* consider OR” \ ple ferercete)cero)} oR-NAND “hwo level form- » We can implement mw In frst level 3 OF gales) iD second fevel NAND gale CHD. HOME Trplementaticn = A 8 = —-— F'Ca,0,c10) * D A a * Consides Gee)" by applying demiigads law » then Fle (at8)'4+ (B10) + (+0)! ye Wwe Can implement —AoR-OR logic x In fest level 3 Nor gales, 9 second level oR gala Uy _ noe =08 — Tmplementartion — tw) NQR=OR _ Teoplemenenern A 6 bes t #16 ,ci0) D . a x Consider @U , r= (Act Bet BO) x Ke Gn implement yn firs level 3 AND gales , a) aniQ=NOw —Deopleaentatigd ae A e eS FB PD —rreen D AND-NoR logic ip second level NOR gals:Consides @ 22" by applying demBigan's a F= @d-62)'@0)! - * on can implement NAND — AND logic se | first level 3 NAND & fo second, level 42ND Wo WAND= RNR stmplementation = gate 4 TPT ® (D> —y— D Sn ae (6) Boolean exressioy BE + oot of the mee rece + aelnle + A'BIoE'+ adcipe!. Are there any don't care conditions 7 Tf so what ove athey Given fonction 2, svariable soP Roetion alge + BEDE BC OE* Convert ints dec <7 Peel 7 plac (ere! )co+8) = sp e(coree e768) = Apeoes Bacdet peclnes dadoe 1 ' => BpeDe + ABCDE 4 Aacloe+ ded dé+ peoe(ata') + pede (ata)+ nlloe ete) + de'pe! (+A) 1 Sadie! ) => plecot+ pectet nlgdoe + HB BE+ pepe + PBCDE + dolecod+ deleoe’+ aticloe’+ plecloe! pociics A@ede+ p&cpe — => recor +Aecdet placlve+ Peddler Ascoe + padole+ Ala'coe! i eres elias Sipeh elegy LEU Liga) oe.e me | wu mt 1 ee m6 4 Aaicioe'y ABC OE eolg [20s pene me an (246, 4, 11713115; 18, 25; 31)* Draw E-vaviable E-map to simplify 1 pe \\ 00a oe ol uo Lalla] hel us tal Ite (A=e) > Alveacty giver simplified expression ie, 86+ Boe! : tae Bvasiable kmag » weds 5 To get this A octet ghoup Gp get oder pequive. (2% 24,2931) = BE (22) don't caw. dhew > octet (13)15)9 >? 20,21, Hy (6) Simplify en 3161) B10 12 MENTS 35,2128) using b-meP method Given S-Variable sop function ts Y= Ger, 31 Foe 11 tne tH I 20,21, 24251 27) 28) 5 Variable K-map & vepresest terns with 4: ve BO\ oo Jor ii to Consider ool JU ‘ ot (Cf bad ot oldGrouping of cells ~ Quad) (10,1114) => alee! Quads (g1t0, 24728) => * poe! quads (W759) = pele painr (HD = Ase paix a (619) alelcd pais s (20>) > rBled es Srenpitved Cexgression TS y = piney Bole'+ ade+ pleloes dacd+adeo! ye plae+oclels abet peloe+ ec (no) © whoieoiae, ench vealiae, FPO Sey at we by baste gales Qiny 3-variable function pe xleylett 2tW2 ' wleyle +2 ( LHe) 5 I = ayy 243 1! : = bey = ay uy Simplified form of =F =I" Nlo nee ang gant geen W Ww Realize’ EX OR a, ore gate operedions by nor gale. : extie gob_Retisein? implemest Expressioo for ex'dR 7 y= AB = (8 ©8)}= (le+ns')' oa > fret arly ee! al}! wo ss) = fecered+e' casey t = [ter + wed} 4 {ed's ort = f@rores)'« + (o+ca+ey'} t me walize’ EX-NOR BRenioe 4 "WOR gales Syren! ae LS noe Las), excoe gilt _Riaieabion= exon gle Yo AGE > (oe) = (08) +(908)) To waliae ex-of gale wquive 4tI25 NOR gales (exer) Expression freT dsaw logic diagram seguive CBB oblaro the. rofninal POS expression br the switching fonction using- k-eaP Y= TIM C15 17)13, 1M 1S, /% 18,20) Hy 2.2)25/29,3') . Draw & explain legic chagrac. agiven 6 Vaviable —PoS -finction fs Ye TIM (115) 9113, 14 ISH EF UB, 207 21122) 25/2 3D xConsides Svavtable k-map fo sieoplify & vepreseot tesms with logic 0 0 06 e\ 0 of I to BV oo fon) tt_10 ool JIC or oi S, fe (CMOT AS ” o L #tefre 0 F ia ji eo ib * Grouping of cells -— Quad, (5/735) = ACE => atelte! Quads (151772 muds (Hnsanad > pce > sltclte Quady Crja2sa) > Ave => Aleote! Boe =? Bro+e! \ pain, Cres) => plecd => arsireto! pois2 (20024) Aplcp! => Aleetd+> pathy” (rsa = ABtbe! = perce 4 Minimal PoS exeaesston fs mal fs eee Ja hrerel)Cornee!) Corer Calro +e! )Caseleclro)) Calv8-+cleo) Cale at oltre) 5 nor gales % on giles 1 AnD gateya a 6 ¢ oe ® vsing k-map method) simplify the following suilchto| fonction: FL, xY Ds xz+ wry wrxy+ wyr+ wf) and. impleroent veing, nano gal Given 4-Variable sop fonction: Few, x2) = Ket Wryle ways Wy r+ we Represent 19 canonical soP ' r ariel eye FP WRy | peOYR | PUIG | : \ x2(wrw)yty))+ ody (2421)4 cong lata) Wy2t) a - teoya(xtx!) ¥2( wy t oft edy rudy) i rota > wryxteongad duyzs dag zt dayat day al + wry xt Se ee ocit otol ola, o1og Lut Lt) uel Ott etal ny eis ms m3 ii ‘fee \ i ' cory edayat dalyzt corystodyz Lie ott, oo eetl 110) Leeh Wy a me Feoymgra)= Eon 3444) 5) 2, 9 1391415)+ To simplify Consides 4 variable. k-map & sepoeseat with logic + Se ez wt \ oo 00 or # Grouping of cel 2 = 5a) =< Bs Pain, pats Pais 3 > Cas) => Wey! > 2 ca) 2 wz fs potky <7 Cimis) =7 WxY fy x Simplified expression) pm eNTOA NSD | ecw xyez) = Atha fatty x 2 (lat at)! 1G te Ws Ls Safe jare —- / F(x) = WIRE ¥ Tenplementeation using NANO gales x =D [5A F(eo19) 2)@®© eplement . basic gates using only NAND giles ? = Basic gales ave NoT, AND and oR gales: MoT Implementation using NANO = Not gate expression yea! from (law AA=A > Reguine 4 NAND gate fo implement Das AND lonplementation sing MAND = AND gate expsession Y= BB Take double clea (yee 4=(98)']! 1 > /3> (vol! s)'} wend gales te icoplemeat . a ee) a sa a | p—p-B=¥ om nionclementation VET Cones or gate expression nie Prom law > +B) = A+B = : ae ' steve A= AB} BF 1 S/d = fer! ces)! Reguive 3 NAND gales to implement Regine | 2OL ary &8—+4]| po zl @®O plement basic gates using only. Now gales? w Basic gales ave = Nor, oR and AND gales - NOT __Imelementebin slog 08 = Nor gate expression de! om) law =y ATAZA > /'g> (are)! Requive 4 NoR gite to implement c ) arey'=¢ oR _roelerentation sng SOO oa gate —_exprestiow > At denny cle congleenent he fore]! > fa = @o + wes] Requive 2 now gales fo implement — SS : cara) ys Ate AMD tsoplerentatian using Oe AND gote — expaession ge OB use. demorgao's aw (4A 8) = ae! > ae= (alee)! =? ds coHere AZ AtA j B= BIB Be implement requive 3 MOR giles al A gyrA 6 2 o Exeloin -tabvlation method process with example. Tabulation method calgo called — @m method / Puine- roecluskey method | trholar enethed boolean functions: 5 variable functions also use this one- Sieoplify than, by Used to Ls Fer more ces: example exeression Consides ON F(AiB,C1D) = Eee yl 213, FB/4119) slept Arrange all the given tewms in-form of groups, based number of 1S 19 Binary, format Binary For | — Tams Greys ane | OmeerPrr A Bcd ABCD me © 000 einer mI oool AECT ima | 0010 eae m3 coll coll m3 trol T1ol my rtlo ilo ms reer ritlstep 2+ Find all possible. Sapplicants - Here. implicants ave pairs , quads & octets - mplicant table: Quads Gclely pai | peep | Quad | peco | eetet | 0 000% | (e213) | 0OxX er) | 00%2 |(ertea3)-| 902% = (vay 00x! ey | 0olx (319) [iret (wns) [rere —t____4_____|__ steps Find prime tmelicants fromm ‘tanplicants Here prime, implicants are tomplicanks , which ase not subset of any other one Prime implicant exbk- | Pete _Smplicant | 9 B (315) rit (4/15) Vx (011/213) 00 xX shee e> Find essential prime: implicaots . An prime iplicact is said to be essential , if atleast woe tere does nat belongs fe ony other ene cable to find ePa's Prine imoplicants [ml | 23 13,15) = TK) (rmis) = ux (e283) =00% [S| ep2's ave (1314) => UXT ABD Quis) D> mix = ABC (011213) = ooxx > Ala! Ale!step 5> To get sieoplified expressio, add al! epa's- Fca.8/c/0) = ABD+ABC+ Ae! = ABCeto)+Ae. @ Fld ionplieants & prime: implicants for dhe. -following. “Bunetion . PCAG/CrD) = Eine Coy Ny) 4y 5) 68, F124 13 4) Given 4 Variable sop — -funetiowy #CA1@,CID) = heey (0p typ 4) 5) Oy BT IDA glept: Arange given fess in form of groups, basecl on muber of o's in binary format Binaay foo [Binacry foro | Texans cD. Group | Tetoos nae me | evco |_© | me | eed. m) | cool 1 mi | ote ma. m, | 0010 ma | ot00 m4 o #00 ms L000 ms otot fT oi ‘ool | m [asig| * | me [outs m | toot ma | tee mp. treo ora] m m3 ' 13 rood a 1110 my | 1110 me step 2+ Find tenplicants ey pains quads & oclels pairs pains Quads pais | peer pix | npc | Sead ABCD @ 00x |tsay | 1o0x| &rv41) See (ern o0xe § |cayy | 1x00 ee we (or) Lees 0124416) x00 (ort) Foc fea | Xt | Gpqierd |” usd oxor (ers) | UO FW 8418) ¥xOT wa xoot fla |! Casi) | 10% Ge oxto (2a) ] 1% | (aa) ee olox xO * 1) | eg eo] me] Gren tee) xl00 ato celatedit J macn ose ee epae —Frd prime tplicants Raye Fopliantt, sahich are nok subset of any othes one prime Srophcact -fable PEs 3 (e246) (461014) onr5, 8) 710213) pie Implicants ave. Cons, 89.13) = © C64) = BD (46) = Ao @® minimize the Following Sieg FCA/G, cB) = TM C6718) + (10,012 4 variable POS Function 8/9) + (10, tet 2y 13118 1S) cteans % form of groups based zation: 4abolax mini 13,145) Qivew FCA,G, 1D) = TM Cer Step 4 Aronge all the give on number Ue is in binasy formataligns Find all possible. tmplicanls Pains Quads Gctely Texxeo: Aacp | tesms_| A@co fews_| C8) FOX |BAyo/1) | LOXX [SrA ptt, |IKKX tale) a @anoa) | '*O* 13719) Cé,3) STIR TNE Ormnad | 1x*O i) x10 7 MIO (Gres) [xt Cand Top [Ctermrysd [1% e101) Jor x |Crananwis) | 1M* ( tony) He1O [uprans) | ERX! ' Ua tox Cay x0 Gis) xT Cuyis) ter Gans) uel | Gans) Hix 7 a Shey 3+ Prime tenplicank eable Prime imphemt| ABCD Grtius) KUIX 1,7 10181 1243314415) IxxX sp ah Find essential prime impli'caals Giz, a4 10)11)12)13314!) ge CS eps's ave (6105) => Bite (Bajtonpiaytarts) = A! Sicoplifeal pos function ts A Calecl/