P a g e | 1 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

MATRICES& DETERMINAN
TS
ASSIGNMENT–1
1. If a mxtrix has 24 dements, what are the possible orders it can have ? What, if it has 13 elements ?
[Ans. 1 × 24, 2 × 12, 3 × 8, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 8 × 3, 12 × 2, 24 × 1 ; 1 × 13, 13 × 1]
2. If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have ? What, if it has 5 elements ?
[Ans. 1 × 18, 2 × 9, 3 × 6, 9 × 2, 18 × 1 ; 1 × 5, 5 × 1]
3. Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by
1
(i) aij = i × j (ii) aij  | i  3j | (iii) aij  i  j (iv) aij  i  j
2
1 2   1 5 / 2  2 3 0  1
[Ans. (i) 2 4 (ii) 1 / 2 2  (iii) 3 4 (iv) 1 0 
3 6  0 3 / 2  4 5 2 1 
4. Construct a 2 × 2 matrix A = [aij], whose elements are given by
(i  j) 2 i (i  2j)2 1
(i) a ij  (ii) a ij  (iii) a ij  (iv) aij  | 2i  3j |
2 j 2 2
 0 1 / 2 1 1 / 2  9 / 2 25 / 2 1 / 2 2
[Ans (i)   (ii)   (iii)  (iv) 
1 / 2 0  2 1   8 18  
1 / 2 1 
5. Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by
(i) a ij  1/2 | 3i  j | (ii) aij  2i  j
 1 1/ 2 0 1/ 2  1 0  1  2
[Ans. (i) 5 / 2 2 3 / 2 1 
 (ii) 3 2 1 0 
 4 7 / 2 3 5 / 2 5 4 3 2 
6. Construct 2 × 3 matrix, whose elements are given by
i  j, if i  j
(i) a ij  ij  i  2 (ii) aij  
i  j, if i  j
0 1 2 0 3 4 
[Ans. (i)   (ii ) 1 0 5
2 4 6  
x  3 z  4 2y  7  0 6 3y  2
7. 
If   6 a  1  
0    6  3 2c  2 
b  3  21 0  2b  4  21 0 
Find the value of a, b, c, x, y and z
[Ans. a = –2, b = –7, c = –1, x = –3, y = –5, z = 2]
8. Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:
 x  y  z  9 
 4 2  y z  x  y 2  6 2
(i)    (ii)    (iii)  x  z   5
 x 5   1 5  5  z xy  5 8  y  z  7
[Ans. (i) x = 1, y = 4, z = 2 (ii) x = 4, y = 2, z = 0 or x = 2, y = 4, z = 0 (iii) x = 2, y = 4, z = 3]
9. Find the values of a, b, c, d from the following equation
 ab 2a  c   1 5  a 3a  b   3 2 2a  b a  2b  4  3
(i)    (ii) 2a  c 3b  d   4 7 (iii)  5c  d 4c  3d  11 24 
2a  b 3c  d   0 13        
[Ans. (i) a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4 (ii) a = 3, b = 7, c = –2, d = 14 (iii) a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4]
ASSIGNMENT–2
1. Compute the following
 a b  a b  cos 2 x sin2 x   sin2 x cos 2 x  a 2  b 2 b 2  c 2   2ab 2bc 
(i)    (ii)  2 2 
  2 2 
(iii)  2 2    
 b a  b a   sin x cos x  cos x sin x  a  c a 2  b 2   2ac  2ab 
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 1 4  6 12 7 6
(iv)  8 5 16    8 0 5
 2 8 5   3 2 4
11 11 0 
2a 2b 1 1 (a  b)2 (b  c)2 
[Ans. (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv) 16 5 21
 (a  c) (a  b)2 
2
 0 2a  1 1  5 10 9 
2  1 4 3   2  3
2. If A =   , B   2 1 and C    1 2  find each of the following:
4 2     
(i) (2A – 3B) – C (ii) –2A + (B + C)
 6  8 2 2 
[Ans. (i) 
 1  11  1
(ii )
 15  
2/3 1 5/3 2/5 3/5 1 
3. If A = 1/3 2/3 4/3 and B = 1/5 2/5 4/5 , then compute 3A – 5B
 
7/3 2 2/3 7/5 6/5 2/5
0 0 0 
[Ans. 0 0 0
0 0 0
1 2 3  1 0 1  1  1 2 
4. If A = 0 1 2 , B  2 2 0 and C  2  1  1 , verify that
   
2 1 3 1 3 5 0 0 1 
[Ans. (i) A + B = B + A (ii) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
5. If A = diag [2, –5, 9], B = diag [1, 1, –4] and C = diag [6, 3, 4], then find 2A + 3B – 2C.
[Ans. diag {–5, –13, –2}]
 cos θ sin θ   sin θ  cos θ
6. Simplify cos     sin θ cos θ
 sin θ cos θ  sin θ 
1 0
[Ans.  ]
0 1 
8 0   2  2
7. If A = 4  2 and B   4
  2  , then find the matrix x such that 2A + 3x = 5B.
3 6   5 1 
 2  10/3

[Ans.  4 14/3  ]
 31/3  7/3 
9 1 1 5
8. If A =   , B  7 12 , find a matrix C such that 5A + 3B – 5C = 0.
4 3  
48 / 5 4 
[Ans.   ]
 41 / 5 51 / 5
 3 2 1 0   1  1
9. Find X, if Y =   and 2X  Y   3 2 . [Ans. X =  2  1 ]
1 4     
5 2 3 6 
10. Find X and Y if (i) X  Y    and X  Y    (ii) 2X + Y =
0 9 0  1
3 2 5  6 6 0 
 2 1  7 and X  2Y   4 2  1
   
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 2 3  2  2
(iii) 2X  3Y    and 3X  2Y   
4 0   1 5 

4 4  1  2  12/5  2/5 2   9/5 14/5 1 

[Ans. (i) X    , Y  0  (ii) X    ,Y 
0 4   5  8/5 4/5  3  6/5  3/5  1
 2/5  12/5  2/5 13/5
(iii) X =   ,Y 
 11/5 3  14/5  2 
11. Find the values of x and y from the following equations:
x 5   3  4 7 6 1 3 y 0 5 6   2  1 10
(i) 2    (ii) 20 x  1 2  1 8 (iii) x 3  y  1   5 
7 y  3 1 2  15 14            
[Ans (i) x = 2, y = 9 (ii) x = 3, y = 3 (iii) x = 3, y = –4.
x 2  x  2  x 2  x   2 
12 Solve the following matrix equations: (i)  2   3     (ii) 2  2   5    
y  2y  9 y  y   3
[Ans. (i) x = 1, 2 ; y = 3 ± 3 2 (ii) x = 2, 1/2 ; y = 3, –1/2]
x z  1  1  3 5
13. If 2    3 0 2   3 4 6 then find x, y, z and t.
y t     
[Ans. x = 3, y = 6, z = 9, t = 6]
x y x 6  4 x  y
14. Given 3    3 
, find the values of x, y, z and w.
 z w   1 2w z  w
[Ans. x = 2, y = 4, z = 1, w = 3]

ASSIGNMENT–3
1. Evaluate the following:
3 1  2  3
1  2  1 2 3  1 3   4   1 0 1  3  1 3 
(i)  (ii)  (iii)  3 2  (iv)  1 0 
    
2 1  1
  1 2 1  
  1 0 2  3 1 
2 3  2 3 1   1 1   
1 0 2   2  2

(v) 2 3  1 3  2 4  (vi) 1 2 3 4 (viii) 4  1 2 3
2 1 0 6  6 
 2 2 4 2 4 6 
  3  4 1 1    14  6  
[Ans. (i)   (ii) 7 (iii)  1 4 5 (iv)  4 5  (v) 9  7 16 (vi) [28] (vii) 4 8 12 
 8 13 9     2 2 0   6 12 18 
2. Evaluate the following:
1  1 1 0 2   2 
 1 3   3  2   1 3 5      1 0 2  0 1 2  
(i)        (ii) 0 2        (iii) 1 2 3 2 0 1 4
 2 0 1 1 0 2    
   1 - 4   1 1    2 4 6 2 3    0 1 2 6
0  1 1 
 6 16 26   
[Ans: (i)   (ii) 2 0  2 (iii) [82]]
-8 -18 - 28  5  2  3
1 2 3  1 1 0  1 1 0 1 2 3
5  1 2 1 2 1 5  1 
3. Show that: (i)   3 4  3 4 6 7  (ii) 0 1 0  0  1 1   0  1 1 0 1 0
6 7      1 1 0  2 3 4  2 3 4 1 1 0
1 1  1  1 3
1 2 3  4 
4. If A = 2 0 3  B   0 2 and C  
  verify that (AB) C = A (BC)
2 0  2 1 
,
3  1 2   1 4 
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0 6 7 0 1 1 2 
5. If A =  6 0 8 , B  1 0
 2 , C   2 , verify that (A + B)C = AC + BC

 7  8 0 1 2 0 3 
1 2 3 4 5 6  1  2 1
6. If A =  1 0 2  , B   1
 0 1 , C   1 2 3 , verify that A (B + C) = AB + AC

 1  3  1  2 1 2  1  2 2
3  1  1 0
7. If A =   ,B , show that (A + B)2  A2 + 2AB + B2
 1 1   1 2
 2 3  4 1 0 0
8. 
If A = 5 1 0  and I  0
 1 0 then show that AI = IA = A
3  2 5  0 0 1
9. Find two matrices A and B such that AB = BA.
10. Given an example of show that product of two non-zero matrics may be zero matrix.
0  3 4 7
[Ans. e.g. A =   ,B  then AB  0]
0  2 0 0
1 0 2   x 
1 0  x  0 2 1   4   0
11. Solve for x: (i) x 1      0 (ii) x  5  1   
  2  3  5  2 0 3 1 
1 2 0   0 
(iii) 1 2 1 2 0 1 2  0
1 0 2 x
[Ans. (i) x = –3, 5 (ii) x = ± 4 3 (ii) x = –1]
5  7  16  6 6 5 11 0 
12. Find 2 × 2 matrix B such that (i)   B  (ii)   B 
 2 3  7 2 5 6  0 11
1  4 6  5
[Ans. (i)   (ii)  5
3  2  6 
1 2 3   7  8  9 1  2 
13. Find the matrix X such that X   6 
[Ans. X = 2 0 
4 5 6  2 4  
2  1 5 2  2 5
14. Let A =   ,B  C  . Find a matrix D such that CD – AB = 0
3 4 7 4   3 8
 191  110 
[Ans: 
 77 44 
2 0 1  1 1  3 
15. 2 
Let f (x) = x –5x + 6. Find f (A) if A = 2 1 3  [Ans.   1  1  10 
1  1 0  5 4 4 
1 2 0   6  14 10 
16. If A = 3  4 5 , compute A –4A + 3I3. [Ans.  21 36  25  ]
  2 
0  1 3   3 5  5 
3 1 2
17. If A = 
  , show that A –5A + 7I = 0
 1 2 
1 0 2 
18. If A = 0 2 1 , prove that A3 –6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0
2 0 3
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1 2 3 
19. If A = 3  2 1 , then show that A3 –23 A – 4O I = O
4 2 1 
 3  2 1 0
20. If A =   and I    , find k so that A2 = kA – 2I [Ans : k = 1]
 4  2 0 1
 1 0 2
21. If A = 
  , find k so that A = 8A + kI [Ans. k = –7]
 1 7 
 0  tan α 2 1 0 cos α  sinα 
22. If A =   and I =   , show that I  A  (I  A)  
tan α 2 0  0 1  sin α cos α 
cos x  sin x 0
23. If f (x) =  sin x cos x 0 show that F (x) F (y) = F (x + y).
 0 0 1
 cos θ sin θ 
24. Let A =   . Using principle of mathematical induction prove that
 sin θ cos θ
 cos n θ sin n θ 
An   , n N
 sin n θ cos n θ
 3  4 1  2n  4n 
25. Let A =   , then prove that An   where n is any positive integer.
1  1   n 1  2n
 cos θ i sinθ  cos n θ i sin n θ
26. If A =   then prove by principle of mathematical induction that An =  ,
i sin θ cos θ  i sin n θ cos n θ 
for all n  N.
0 1 
27. Let A =   . Show that (aI + bA)n = an I + nan–1 bA, where I is the identity matrix of order 2 and
0 0 
nN.
1 1 1 3n1 3n1 3n1 
 
28. If A = 1 1 1, prove that An  3n1 3n1 3n1  for all n  N
1 1 1 3n1 3n1 3n1 

29. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then show that (I + A)n = I + (2n – 1) A, n  N.
30. If A and B are square matrices of same order such that AB = BA, then prove by induction, that
ABn = BnA. Further, prove that (AB)n = An Bn for all n N.

ASSIGNMENT–4
3 3 2 2  1 2
1. If A =   and B   , verify that (i) (A' )'  A (ii) (A  B)'  A'B'
4 2 0 1 2 4
(A  B)'  A'B' (iv) (kB)'  kB', where K is any constant.
 3 4
 1 2 1
2. If A'   1 2 and B   then verify that (A  B)'  A'B' (ii) (A  B)'  A'B'
 1 2 3
 0 1
  2 3  1 0   4 5
3. If A'    and B    then find (A + 2B)’. [Ans.   ].
1 2  1 2  1 6
1  4
3  1 1  3  2 3  1 
4. Verify that (AB) ’ = B’ A’, where (i) A   ,B (ii) A  0 5  , B  

 2  2 2  1

 1 0  7
6 7 
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 1 0  1 0 
  1 2 3  
(iii) A    , B   1 1 (iv) A =  4  , B   1 2 1 (v) A  1  , B  1 5 7
 
 2  1 0   4 5  3 2
 cos α sin α 
5. If A =   then verify that A' A  I
 sin α cos α 
 sin α cos α 
6. If A =   then verify that A’A = I
 cos α sin α 
0 2y z 
7. Find the values of x, y, z if the matrix A = x y  z  satisfies the equation A' A  I
x  y z 
1  1
[Ans: x   ,y ,z ]
2 6 3
 1  1 5
8. Show that the matrix A =  1 2 1 is a symmetric matrix.
 5 1 3
0 1  1
9. Show that the matrix A =  1 0 1  is a skew-symmetric matrix.

 1  1 0 
1 5 
10. For the matrix A =   , verify that (i) (A + A’) is a symmetric matrix
6 7 
(ii) A – A’ is a skew-symmetric matrix.
0 a b 0 0 0   0 a b
11. Find 1/2 (A  A' ) and 1/2 (A  A' ) , when A =   a 0 c  [Ans. 0 0 0,   a 0 c  ]
    
 b  c 0  0 0 0  b  c 0
12. For any square matrix A with real entries, show that A + A’ is a symmetric matrix and A–A’ is a
skew-symmetric matrix.
13. Show that every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric
matrix.
14. Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:
 6 2 2  3 3  1
3 5   1 5    
(i)   (ii)   (iii)  2 3  1 (iv)  2  2 1 
1 1   1 2   2  1 3   4  5 2 
 6  2 2  0 0 0 
3 3   0 2  1 2   0 3
[Ans (i)     (ii)     (iii)  2 3  1  0 0 0
3  1  2 0  2 2   3 0  2  1 3  0 0 0
 3 1 / 2  5 / 2  0 5 / 2 3 / 2
  
(iv)  1 / 2  2  2    5 / 2 0 3 
 5 / 2  2 2    3 / 2  3 0 
15. If A and B are two symmetric matrices of same order, then show that
(i) A+B is also symmetric (ii) A – B is also symmetric (iii) kA is also symmetric, where k is a scalar
16. If A and B are two skew-symmetric matrices of same order, then show that
(i) A + B is also skew-symmetric (ii) A – B is also skew-symmetric (iii) kA is also skew-symmetric
where k is a scalar.
17. If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order, then show that AB + BA is symmetric and AB-BA
is skew-symmetric.
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18. Show that the matrix B’AB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric or skew-
symmetric.
19. If a matrix A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric, then prove that A = 0
20. Show that every diagonal element of a skew-symmetric matrix is zero.
ASSIGNMENT–5
1. Evaluate the following determinants:
2 4 2 4 x x 1 x2  x 1 x x2  x 1 x 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
1 2  5 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
3 4 5
a  ib  c  id cos   sin  sin 10 o  cos 10 o
(vi) (vii) (viii) (xi) 1 1  2
c  id a  ib sin  cos  sin 80 o cos 80 o
2 3 1
0 1 2 2 1  2 1 2 4 0 sin   cos x
(xii)  1 0  3 (xiii) 0 2  1 (xiv)  1 3 0 (xv)  sin  0 sin 
2 3 0 3 5 0 4 1 0 cos   sin  0
[Ans. (i) 8 (ii) 18 (iii) 1 (iv) x3–3x2 + x – 1 (v) x2 – x2 + 2 (vi) a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 (vii) 1 (viii) 1
(x) –12 (xi) 46 (xii) 1 (ix) 1 (xi) 46 (xii) 0 (xiii) 5 (xiv) –52 (xv) 0]
1 1  2
2. If A = 2 1  3 , find | A | . [Ans. 0]
5 4  9
1 2
3. If A =  , then show that | 2A | = 4 | A |
4 2
1 0 1
4. If A = 0 1 2 , then show that | 3A |  27 | A |
0 0 4
x sin θ cos θ
5. Prove that the determinant  sin θ  x 1 is independent of  [Ans –x3]
cos θ 1 x
cos α cos β cos α sin β  sin α
6. Evaluate the determinant  sin β cos β 0 [Ans. 1]
sin α cos β sin α sin β cos α
3 x 3 2 2 4 2x 4 2 3 x 3 3 x
7. Find values of x, if (i)  (ii)  (iii)  (iv) 3
x 1 4 1 5 1 6 x 4 5 2x 5 4 5
[Ans. (i) ± 2 2 (ii )  3 (iii ) 2 (iv ) 3
5 2 1  2m
8. If 1  5 m  0, then find m. [Ans. m = 3, 4]
6 m 2
ASSIGNMENT–6
1. Without expanding prove that the following determinants vanish (01-20)
42 1 6 102 18 36 9 9 12 5 15  25 18 40 58
1. 28 7 4 2. 1 3 4 3. 1  3  4 4. 7 21 30 5. 16 36 52
14 3 2 17 3 6 1 9 12 8 24 42 12 28 40
2 8 42 41 1 5 2 7 65 1   1 a bc xy yz zx
6. 3 7 38 7. 79 7 9 8. 3 8 75 9.   1 10 1 b c  a 11. z x y
5 9 50 29 5 3 5 9 86  1  1 c ab 1 1 1
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1 bc a (b  c) p x ( y  z) yz a b bc ca b 2  ab b  c bc  ac
12. 1 ca b(c  a ) 13. p y(z  x ) zx 14. b  c c  a a  b 15. ab  a 2 a  b b 2  ab
1 ab c(a  b) p z( x  y) xy ca a b bc bc  ac c  a ab  a 2
0 a b 0 a b a c 0 a b a b c
16.  a 0 c 17. b  a 0 bc 18.  a 0 c 19. a  2x b  2 y c  2z
b c 0 ca cb 0 b c 0 x y z
sin  cos  cos (  
20. sin  cos  cos (  
sin  cos  cos (    
Using properties of determinants prove the following: (21 – 48)
 a2 ab ac 0 ab2 ac2 1 a a2
21. ba  b2 bc  4a 2 b 2c2 22. a 2 b 0 bc2  2a 3b3c3 23. 1 b b 2  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a )
ca cb  c2 a 2c b 2c 0 1 c c2
1 a bc 1 1 1
24. 1 b ca  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a ) 25.     (         
1 c ab   
1 1 1 yz x y
26. ab bc ca  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a ) 27. z  x z x  ( x  y  z) ( x  z) 2
ab bc ca xy y z
x x2 yz x y z
28. y y2 zx  ( x  y) ( y  z) (z  x ) ( xy  yz  zx ) 29. x 2 y 2 z 2  ( x  y) ( y  z) (z  x ) ( xy  yz  zx )
z z2 xy yz zx xy
    1 1 1
30.       (                31. a b c  ( a  b ) ( b  c) (c  a )  ( a  b  c)
    a3 b3 c3
1 a 1 1
 1 1 1
32. 1 1 b 1  abc 1      abc  bc  ca  ab
 a b c
1 1 1 c
a bc 2a 2a 3a a b a c
33. 2b bca 2b  ( a  b  c) 3 34. ba 3b  b  c  3 (a  b  c) (ab  bc  ca)
2c 2c ca b ca cb 3c
x  y  2z x y x  4 2x 2x
35. z z  y  2x y  2( x  y  z) 3 36. 2x x  4 2x  (5x  4) (4  x ) 2
z x z  x  2y 2x 2x x  4
yk y y 1 x x2
37. y yk y  k 2 (3y  k ) 38. x 2 1 x  (1  x 3 ) 2
y y yk x x2 1
1  a 2  b2 2ab  2b a2 bc ac  c 2
39. 2ab 1 a  b
2 2
2a  (1  a 2  b 2 )3 40. a 2  ab b2 ac  4a 2 b 2c 2
2b  2a 1  a 2  b2 ab b 2  bc c2
P a g e | 9 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

a   1 ab ac ( y  z) 2 xy zx
41. ab b  1 bc  1  a 2  b 2  c2
2
42. xy ( x  z) 2 yz  2xyz ( x  y  z)3
ca cb c2  1 zx yz ( x  y) 2
(a  b ) 2 c2 c2 xy x x
43. a2 ( b  c) 2 a2  2abc (a  b  c)3 44. 5x  4 y 4x 2x  x 3
b2 b2 (c  a ) 2 10 x  8y 8x 3x
3x  y 2x x a ab abc 1 1 p 1 p  q
45. 4x  3y 3x 3x  x 3 46. 2a 3a  2b 4a  3b  2c  a 3 47. 2 3  2p 4  3p  2q  1
5x  6 y 4 x 6 x 3a 6a  3b 10 a  6b  3c 3 6  3p 10  6p  3q
x x 2 1  px3
48. y y 2 1  py3 = (1+pxyz) (x – y) (y –z) (z – x)
z z 2 1  pz3
x x2 1 x3
49. If x, y,z are different and y y 2 1  y 3  0 then show that 1 + xyz = 0
z z 2 1  z3
bc ca ab
50. If a, b, c are real numbers and c  a a  b b  c  0 then show that either a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c
ab bc ca
a b c
51. If a, b, c are positive and unequal, show that value of the determinant b c a is negative.
c a b
2 y  4 5y  7 8y  a
52. If a, b, c are in A.P. then prove that 3y  5 6 y  8 9 y  b = 0
4 y  6 7 y  9 10 y  c
Without expanding the determinant prove that: (53 – 56)

bc qr yz a b c a a2 bc 1 a2 a2

53. ca rp zx  2 p q r 54. b b2 ca  1 b 2 b3
ab pq xy x y z c c2 ab 1 c2 c3
a  bx c  dx p  qx a c p 1 cos   sin  cos   sin  1 cos  sin 
55. ax  b cx  d px  q  (1  x ) b d q
2
56. 1 cos   sin  cos   sin   2 1 cos  sin 
u v w u v w 1 cos   sin  cos   sin  1 cos  sin 
xa x x
57. Solve for x: x xa x  0, a  0 [Ans. x = –a/3]
x x xa
3x  8 3 3
58. Solve for x : 3 3x  8 3  0 [Ans. x = 11/3, 11/3, 2/3]
3 3 3x  8
ax ax ax
59. Solve for x: a  x a  x a  x  0 [Ans. 0, 3a]
ax ax ax
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x  2 2x  3 3x  4
60. Solve for x : x  4 2x  9 3x  16  0 [Ans. x = 4]
x  8 2x  27 3x  64
ASSIGNMENT–7
1. Find the area of the triangle with vertices at the points gives in each of the following:
(i) (3, 8), (–4, 2), (5, 1) (ii) (2, 7), (1, 1), (10, 8) (iii) (–2, –3), (3, 2), (–1, –8)
[Ans. (i) 61/2 (ii) 47/2 (iii) 15]
2. Show that the following points are collinear
(i) (1, 4), (3, –2), (–3, 16) (ii) (a, b + c), (b, c + a), (c, a + b)
3. If the points (a, b), (a’, b’) and (a – a’, b – b’) are collinear, then show that ab’ = a’b
4. Find ‘a’ if the points (7, a), (–5, 2) and (3, 6) are collinear [Ans. 8]
5. Find x so that the points (3, –2), (x, 2) and (8, 8) lie on a line [Ans. 5]
6. Find the value of k if the area of the triangle is 4 sq. units and vertices are
(i) (k, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2) (ii) (–2, 0), (0, 4), (0, k) [ Ans. (i) 0, 8 (ii) 0, 8]
7. Find the equation of the line joining (1, 2) and (3, 6) using determinants [Ans. y = 2x]
8. Find the equation of the line joining A (1, 3) and B (0, 0) using determinants and find k is D (k, 0) is a point such that
area of ABD is 3 sq. units. [Ans. y = 3x; K = ± 2]
ASSIGNMENT–8
1. Using determinants, solve the following system of equations. (cramer’s Rule)
(i) 5x + 7y = –2 (ii) 2x + 3y = 9 (iii) 6x + y – 3z = 5 (iv) 3x – 5z = –1 (v) x + y + z = 1
4x + 6y = –3 3x – 2y = 7 x + 3y – 2z = 5 2x + 7y = 6 ax + by + cz = k
2x + y + 4z = 8 x+y+z=5 a2x + b2y + c2z = k2
 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
(vi)    4 ,    1,   2
x y z x y z x y z
[Ans. (i) x = 9/2, y = –7/2 (ii) x = 3, y = 1 (iii) x = 1, y = 2, z = 1 (iv) x = 3, y = 0, z = 2
(k  b) (c  k) (a  k) (k  c) (b  k ) (k  a )
(v) x  ,y z= (vi) x = 2, y = 3, z = 5]
(a  b) (c  a ) (a  b) (b  c) (b  c) (c  a )
2. If f (x) = ax2 + bx + c and f (0) = 6, f (2) = 11, f (–3) = 6, find a, b, c and determine the quadratic function
1 2 3
f (x) using determinants. [Ans. a = 1/2, b = 3/2, c = 6 ; f (x) = x  x6 ]
2 2
3. Classify the following system of equations as consistent or inconstant. If consistent, then solve them.
(i) x + y = –1 (ii) 3x – 2y = 4 (iii) x + 2y = 5 (iv) 2x – y = 5 (v) 3x – y – 2z = 2
2x – 3y = 8 6x – 4y = 10 3x + 6y = 15 4x – 2y = 10 2y – z = –1
3x – 5y = 3
(vi) x – y + 3z = 6 (vii) 2x – y + z = 4 (viii) x – y + 3z = 6 (ix) 2x + 5y – z = 9
x + 3y – 3z = –4 x + 3y + 2z = 12 x + 3y – 3z = –4 3x – 3y + 2z = 7
5x + 3y + 3z = 14 3x + 2y + 3z = 16 5x + 3y + 3z = 10 2z – 4y + 3z = 1
(x) x + y +z = 1
2x + 2y + 2z = 2
3x + 3y + 3z = 4
 k
[Ans (i) consistent ; x = 1, y = –2 (ii) inconsistent (iii) consistent ; x = 5 –2k, y = k (iv) consistent x = ,yk
2
24  5k 20  3k
(v) inconsistent (vi) inconsistent (vii) consistent: x = , y= ,zk
7 7
3k 3k  5 9 4  17
(viii) consistent; x = ,y , z  k (ix) x = ,y , z (x) inconsistent]
2 2 21 21 7
ASSIGNMENT–9
1. Find the minors and co-factors of the elements of the following determinants.
1 3 2 1 0 4
5 6 5  10
(i) (ii) (iii) 4  5 6 (iv) 3 5  1
7 3 0 3
3 5 2 0 1 2
P a g e | 11 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

[Ans. (i) M11 = –3, m12 = 7, M21 = 6, M22 = 5, C11 = –3, C12 = –7, C21 = –6, C22 = 5 (ii) M11= 3, m12 = 0,
M21 = –10 M22 = 5, C11 = 0, C21 = 10, C22 = 5 (iii) M11 = –40, m12 = –10, m13 = 35, M21 = 16, m22 = 8, m23
= 35, M21 = 16, m22 = 8, m23 = –4, M31 = 8, M32 = 14, M33 = –17, C11 = –40, C12 = 10, C13 = 35, C21 = –16,
C22 = 8, C23 = 4, C31 = 8, C32 = –14, C33 = –17 (iv) M11 = 11, M12 = 6, M13 = 3, M21 = –4, M22 = 2, M23 = 1,
M31 = –20, M32 = –13, M33 = 5 ; C11 = 11, C12 = –6, C13 = 3, C21 = 4 C22 = 2, C23 = –1, C31 = –20, C32 = 13,
C33 = 5]
2 3 5
2. If  = 6 0 4 then verify that: (i) a11c11  a12c12  a13c13   (ii) a11c31  a12c32  a13c33  0
1 5 7
5 3 8
3. Using co-factors of elements of second row, evaluate   2 0 1 [Ans. 7]
1 2 3
1 x yz
4. Using cofactors of elements of third column, evaluate   1 y zx [Ans. ( x  y)( y  z) (z  x )]
1 z xy
ASSIGNMENT–10
1. Find the adjoint of the following matrices.
1  1 2 1 1 2 
1 2 2 3
(i)   (ii)   (iii)  2 3 5  (iv) 3 1  2
3 4  5 1  3 0 1 1 0 3 
 3 1  11  3 3 0
4  2  1  3
[Ans. (i)  (ii)  (iii)  17 7  1  (iv)  11
 1 8 
 3 1  
 5 2   9 3 5    1  1 4
1 1 1
5  2
2. Verify that A(adjA) = (adj A) A = | A|I, where (i) A    (ii) A  1 2  3

3  2  2  1 3 
3. Classify the following matrices as singular or non-singular:
 1 2 3 2 2 3
1 3   5 7
(i)   (ii)   (iii)  1 0 2 (iv) 0 1 1
 
4 12   1 1  2 1 1  2 2 3
[Ans. (i) singular (ii) non-singular (iii) non-singular (iv) singular]
 1  1 2
4. Let A =  2 3 5, then verify that |adj A | = | A | 2
 2 0 1 
5. Show that a square matrix A is invertible if and only if A is non-singular.
6. Find the inverse of each of the following matrices, if it exists:
1 2 3  1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 
 2  2  2 5   
(i)   (ii)  3 1 (iii) 0 2 4 (iv) 3 3 0  (v)  4  1 0
  (vi) 0 cos  sin  

 1 3    0 0 5 5 2 1  7 2 1 0 sin   cos  
10  10 2   3 0 0
1  3 2 1 1  5 1   1
[Ans. (i)  (ii) (iii)  4 (iv)   3  1 0
8  1 2 17 3 2 
0 5
10  3
 0 0 2   9  2 3
 1 5 3 1 0 0 
(v)   4 23 12  (vi) 0 cos  sin  
1  
3
 1  11  6 0 sin   cos  
P a g e | 12 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

 1 2 5
3 5 
7. Verify that AA –1 –1
= A A = I, where (i) A =   (ii)  2 3 1
7 11  1 1 1
8. If A and B are invertible matrices of same order, then show that AB is invertible and (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1,
9. Verify that (AB)–1 = B–1A–1, where
3 7 6 8 2 3 1  2
(i) A    ,B=   (ii) A =   , B =  1
2 5 7 9  1  4   3 
10. Compute (AB)–1 , where
 5 0 4 1 2 3  3 1 1   1 2  2
(i) A  2 3 2, B  1 4 3
  1
(ii) A   15 6  5, B   1 3 0 
1  
1 2 1 1 3 4  5  2 2   0 0 1 
 2 20  29   69  27 25 

[Ans. (i)  2 18  25   1
(ii)  2 1 0 
5
  3 29  42   25  10 10 
5  7  16  6 5 4 1  2
11. Find a 2 × 2 matrix B such that (i) B     (ii)   B 
 2 3  7 2 1 1 1 3 
 60  142   3  14 
Ans (i)   (ii)  
 25 59   4 17 
 2 3 2
12. Show that the matrix A =   satisfies the equation A –4A + I = 0, where I is 2 × 2 identify matrix and
 1 2 
 2  3
O is 2 × 2 zero matrix using this equation find A–1. [Ans. A 1   
 1 2 
3 1 1 1 1 2  1
 show that A  5A  7I  0 . Hence find A . [Ans : A  7 1
2
13. For the matrix A = 
  1 2   3 
3 2
14. For the matrix A =   find the numbers a and b such that A 2  aA  bI  0 , Hence, find A1 . [Ans.
1 1 
1  2
a = –4, b = 1, A–1 = 
 1 3 
1 1 1  3 4 5
   
 1  4 ]
–1
15. For the matrix A = 1 2  3 , show that A –6A + 5A + 11I = 0. Hence find A [Ans.  9
3 2
11
2  1 3   5  3  1
 2 1 1  3 1  1
16.   3 2 –1 1
If A =  1 2  1 , verify that A –6 A + 9A – 4 I = 0 and hence find A [Ans.  1 3 1 
4
 1  1 2   1 1 3 
ASSIGNMENT–11
1. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method (using inverse of a matrix).
2x  y  z  1
3x  2 y  7 4x  2 y  3 2x  3y  1 4 x  3y  3
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) x  2 y  z  3 / 2
5x  3y  2 3x  4 y  5 x  2y  2 3x  5y  7
3y  5z  9
2x  3y  3z  5 x  y  2z  7 x  y  z  3
(vi) x  2 y  z  4 (vii) 3x  4 y  5z  5 (viii) 2x  y  z  0
3x  y  2z  3 2x  y  3z  12 3x  y  2z  2
23  32
[Ans. (i) x  , y  (ii) x  1, y  1/ 2 (iii ) x  8, y  5 (iv) x  6 /11, y  19 /11
19 19
(v) x= 1, y = 1/2, z = –3/2 (vi) x = 1, y = 2, z = –1 (vii) x = 2, y = 1, z = 3 (viii) x = 1, y = –1, z = –3]
P a g e | 13 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

2. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method.

2/x  3/y  10 / z  4 2 / x  3 / y  3 / z  10
(i) 4 / x  6 / y  5 / z  1 (ii) 1 / x  1 / y  1 / z  10
6 / x  9 / y  20 / z  2 3 / x  1 / y  2 / z  13
[Ans (i) x = 2, y = 3, z = 5 (ii) x = 1/2, y = 1/3, z = 1/5]
3. Examine the consistency of the following system of equations by matrix method. If consistent, then solve them
x  2y  2 5x  7y  2  0 x  2y  5 7x  4y  3  0 x  3y  5
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
2x  3y  3 4x  6y  3  0 3x  6y  15 28x  16y  12 2x  6y  8
3x  y  2z  2 x  y  2z  5 4x  2 y  3z  2 xyz 3 2x  y  3z  5
( vi) 2 y  z  1 ( vii) x  2 y  z  2 ( viii ) x  y  z  1 (ix ) 2x  y  z  2 ( x ) 3x  2 y  z  7
3x  5y  3  2x  y  z  4 3x  y  2z  5  x  2 y  2z  1 4x  5y  5z  9
[Ans. (i) consistent; x = 0, y = 1 (ii) consistent; x = 9/2, y = –7/2 (iii) consistent x = 5–2k, y = k
 3  4k 1 3
(iv) consistent x = ,yk (v) Inconsistent (vi) inconsistent (viii) consistent x = ,y ,
7 2 2
7  5k 1k  1
(ix) consistent x = 5/3, y = k –4/3, z = k (x) consistent x = ,y zk
7 7
 8  4 1
4. Find A , where A = 10 0 6. using A 1 solve the following system of equations:
1

 8 1 6
8x  4 y  z  5  6 25  24 
1 
10 x  6z  4 1
[Ans. A    12 40  38  x = 4, y = 21/4 z = –6 ]
10
16 x  2 y  12 z  5 / 2  10  40 40 
2  3 5 
5. If A = 3 2  4, find A 1 and hence solve the system of equations:
1 1  2
2x  3y  5z  11,  0 1 2 
3x  2 y  4z  5 [Ans. A   2 9  23, x  1, y  2 z  3 ]
1

x  y  2z  3   1 5  13 
1 1 1
6. If A = 1 2  3, find A 1 and hence solve the system of equations.

2  1 3 
x  y  2z  0  3  4  5
1 
x  2y  z  9 [Ans. A  1
 9 1 4 , x = 1, y = 3, z = 2]
11
x  3y  3z  14  5 3 1 
1 2 0
7. If A =  2 1  2, find A 1 and hence solve the system of equations:
 0 3 1 
x  2 y  10  7  2  4
1 
1
2x  y  3z  8 [Ans. A   2 1 2 , x = 4, y = –3, z = 1]
11
 2y  z  7  6  3 5 
1  1 2   2 0 1 
8. Use product 0 2  3  9 2  3 to solve the system of equation s
3  2 4   6 1  2
x – y + 2z = 1 2y – 3z = 1 3x – 2y + 4z = 2 [Ans. x = 0, y = 5 and z = 3]
P a g e | 14 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

9. The cost of 4 kg on ion, 3 kg wheat and 2 kg rice is Rs. 60. The cost of 2 kg inion, 4kg wheat and 6 kg rice is Rs. 90.
The cost of 6 kg onion, 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is Rs. 70. Find the cost of each item per kg by matrix method. [Ans.
Rs. 5 ; Rs 8 ; Rs 8]
10. Solve the following system of homogeneous equations
2x  3y  z  0 3x  y  2z  0 xyz 0 3x  2 y  7z  0
(i) x  y  2z  0 (ii) xyz 0 (iii) x  2y  z  0 (iv) 4x  3y  2z  0
3x  y  3z  0 x  2y  z  0 3x  6 y  5z  0 5x  9 y  23z  0
[Ans. (i) x = y = z = 0 (ii) x = y = z = 0 (iii) x = k/3, y = 2k/3, z = k (iv) x = –k, y = –2k, z = k]
2 x  3y  2z  0
11. Find the value of  for which the homogeneous system of equations: 2x  y  3z  0 has non-trivial
7 x  y  z  0
  7k 5k
solution. Also, find the solution [Ans.   , x  , y  , z  k]
 8 4
ASSIGNMENT–12
1. Using elementary row transformations (or operations) find the inverse of each of the following matrices, if it exists.
1 3   2 5 3 10   2 3 2  6 3 1 
(i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv)   (v)   (vi)  
2 7  1 3 2 7  5 7  1  2  5 2
0 1 2 2  3 3 1 3  2
 6  3  10  2  
(vii)   (viii)  5 1  (ix) 1 2 3 (x) 2 2 3 (xi)  3 0  5
 2 1    3 1 1  3  2 2  2 5 0 
7  3  3  5  7  10   7 3   1 3  2  1
Ans (i)   (ii)   (iii)  2  (iv)   (v)   (vi)  
 2 1   1 2   3  5  2  1 / 2 1  5 3 
(vii) Inverse does not exist (viii) Inverse does not exist
1 / 2  1 / 2 1 / 2  2 / 5 0 3/ 5   1  2 / 5  3/ 5
(ix)   4 3  1  
(x)   1 / 5 1 / 5 0  (xi)  2 / 5 4 / 25 11 / 25 

5 / 2  3 / 2 1 / 2  2 / 5 1 / 5  2 / 5   3 / 5 1 / 25 9 / 25 
2. Using elementary column transformations (or operations) find the inverse of each of the following
matrices, if it exists:
1  1  2 1 2 1  4 5 3  1 2 1   1  3
(i)  (ii)  (iii)  (iv)  (v)  (vi)  (vii) 
2 3  
1 1

7 4 

 3 4  4 2  
 4 2

 1 2 
2 0  1  1  2 3  2 1 3
 6  3 1 2 
(viii)   (ix)   (x) 5 1 0  (xi)  0  1 4
 (xiii) 3 1 2
 8 4  2 1 0 1 3   2 2 1  1 2 3
 3 / 5 1 / 5  1  1  4  1  4  5 1 1 / 2 
[Ans. (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv)   (v)  
 2 / 5 1 / 5  1 2   7 2   3 4   2 3 / 2
 3 1 1 
 2 3 1 / 5 2 / 5 
(vi) Does not exist (vii)   (viii) Does not exist (ix)   (x)  15 6  5

1 2  2 / 5  1 / 5  5  2 2 
  9 8  5   1 / 6 1 / 2  1 / 6
(xi)   8 7  4 (xii)  7 / 6 1 / 2 5 / 6 
 2 2  1   5 / 6  1 / 2  1 / 6