GENILLE JAMIE LEANNE O.

DALUMPINES BSN-2B

1. Explain why food digestion is very significant in our human body?

- We need nutrients to sustain our bodily functions, meaning we need to eat food.

That’s why food needs to be broken down into tiny components, as these are

used for energy consumption. It must be changed into smaller molecules of

nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the

body. The body breaks down nutrients from food and drink into carbohydrates,

protein, fats, and vitamins.

2. Enumerate the different processes of food digestion and Give a clear

description in every process of food digestion.

The digestive system can be split up into two parts. The alimentary canal, also

known as the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, is essentially one long continuous

tube that starts at your mouth, where food goes in, and winds all the way down

the body to end at the anus, where some of the food comes back out. Along the

way, much of the food is broken down into molecular fragments that can be

absorbed through the lining of this tract and into the blood that surrounds it. The

rest of the digestive system is made up of accessory digestive organs like the

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas, which are not part

of the GI tract, but have a considerable role in digestion.

1. Ingestion - This is the basic act of eating, meaning putting food into your

mouth.

2. Propulsion - This is the next one, which begins when you swallow the food,

and continues with involuntary peristalsis, which is part of the autonomic

nervous system. These actions push food along the GI tract, down the

pharynx, and esophagus, and down into the stomach, eventually continuing

through the intestines and out the anus. This happens with the help of an

action called segmentation, or successive local constrictions in the GI tract.

3. Mechanical breakdown - This is the third one, which begins by using teeth

and saliva, and continues with further breakdown by digestive juices in the

stomach, a very acidic environment due to the presence of gastric acid,

which contains hydrochloric acid.

4. Digestion - Next, this is the part when enzymes go and perform highly

directed chemical reactions to break down all the polymers in the food. They

break proteins down into individual amino acids, polysaccharides into

individual monosaccharides, and so forth, which is categorically different

from the earlier mechanical methods of breakdown.

absorption will occur, where all of these nutrients pass through the lining of

the small and large intestines into blood and lymph on the other side.

6. Defecation - Finally, anything that is not absorbed by the body will be dealt

with during defecation, where it is expunged from the body in the form of

feces.

3. Please provide a clear description of the following words/statements:

3.1 Diabetic Diet - this is a type of diet that is used by people with diabetes

mellitus or high blood sugar to minimize symptoms and dangerous

complications of long-term elevations in blood sugar. It’s a healthy eating plan

to maintain good blood glucose levels.

3.2 low salt low fat diet - this type of diet contains less than 2,000 mg

sodium per day which is significantly lower than a typical diet. This diet also

limits saturated fat and cholesterol and uses whole foods rich in heart-healthy

nutrients which makes it an ideal diet to prevent heart related diseases. This

diet is recommended to those who have a history of Hypertension, Diabetes,

and other heart-related diseases, and may also be consumed by healthy

individuals.
3.3 Purine diet - A low purine diet means eating foods that do not have many

purines in them. Certain foods contain purines. Purines are broken down to

produce uric acid. Uric acid is typically filtered by the kidneys and eliminated

in the urine because the body cannot utilize it. When uric acid builds up in the

body, it can cause pain and swelling known as gout. It may also cause kidney

stones. Hence, a person may need to follow a low purine diet if they have

these problems.

3.4 DASH Diet - The ‘DASH’ in dash diet stands for Dietary Approaches to

Stop Hypertension. Hence, its aim is to reduce high blood pressure. A person

will eat fruits, vegetables, whole grain, low-fat dairy foods, poultry, fish, nuts,

and beans, but they will limit their intake of red meat, fat, sugar, and salt.

3.5 Full diet - Full Diet suggests that consuming meals high in fiber, water,

and protein will help you feel full while consuming less calories. No foods are

forbidden on this diet, and it does not focus on calorie counting. The diet’s

approach emphasizes restriction, deprivation, and radical lifestyle changes is

discouraged by this method. You will discover how to communicate with your

body so that you can eat less food and still feel fulfilled.

3.6 Soft Diet - This type of diet is also called a bland diet, which is made up

of foods that are easy to digest. They’re usually soft in texture and low in fiber.

The idea is to eat foods that are easy to swallow and that you don’t need to
 chew much. This is typically prescribed to people who can’t tolerate normally

textured or highly seasoned foods. It is also used in hospitals, which are

typically followed for short periods of a few days to a few weeks, though some

circumstances may require the diet to be followed for a longer period.

4. Give at least 2 examples in every diet prescription:

Diabetic Diet

In Diabetic Diet, It’s good to include:

● non starchy vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach, and green

beans.

● Include fewer added sugars and refined grains, such as white

bread, rice, and pasta with less than 2 grams of fiber per serving.

● focus on whole foods instead of highly processed foods as much as

possible

Low salt low fat diet

Most people eat much more sodium (salt) than they need which can lead

to health problems like high blood pressure. These tips help to lower

sodium intake:

● Choose fresh instead of processed foods when you can

● Use the Nutrition Facts label to check the amount of sodium — you

can compare labels to find products with less sodium

● Make sure Buy plenty of vegetables and fruits.

● Compare labels to find products with less sodium. Look for foods

with 5% Daily Value (DV) or less for sodium.

● Choose fresh or frozen seafood, poultry, and meats instead of

processed options. Some meat, poultry, and seafood has added

sodium. If the package has a Nutrition Facts label, look for 5% DV

or less.

Purine diet

Eat more of these that are low in purine:

● Eggs, nuts, and peanut butter

● Low-fat and fat free cheese and ice cream

● Skim or 1% milk

● Soup made without meat extract or broth

● Vegetables that are not on the medium-purine list below

● All fruit and fruit juices

● Bread, pasta, rice, cake, cornbread, and popcorn

● Water, soda, tea, coffee, and cocoa

● Sugar, sweets, and gelatin

● Fat and oil

Medium-purine foods:
 ● Meats: Limit the following to 4 to 6 ounces each day.

● Meat and poultry

● Crab, lobster, oysters, and shrimp

● Vegetables: Limit the following vegetables to ½ cup each day.

● Asparagus

● Cauliflower

● Spinach

● Mushrooms

● Green peas

● Beans, peas, and lentils (limit to 1 cup each day)

● Oats and oatmeal (limit to ⅔ cup uncooked each day)

● Wheat germ and bran (limit to ¼ cup each day)

High-purine foods: Limit or avoid foods high in purine.

● Anchovies, sardines, scallops, and mussels

● Tuna, codfish, herring, and haddock

● Wild game meats, like goose and duck

● Organ meats, such as brains, heart, kidney, liver, and sweetbreads

● Gravies and sauces made with meat

● Yeast extracts taken in the form of a supplement

DASH diet
When following DASH, it is important to choose foods that are:

● Rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber and protein

● Low in saturated fat

● Low in sodium

● Standard DASH diet limits sodium to 2,300 mg a day. It meets the

recommendation from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to keep

daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg a day. That's roughly the

amount of sodium in 1 teaspoon of table salt.

FULL Diet

● No foods are off-limits in this diet, but think twice before eating

enriched flour. Focus on fiber, lean proteins like white-meat

chicken, and unsaturated fats like nuts and avocados.

● The diet includes a list of recommended foods under different food

groups like vegetables, fruits, fiber, protein, and fats.

● You can have two indulgences, like french fries and alcohol, per

week.

Soft Diet

When preparing foods in following soft diet, it’s best to:

because they are easier to swallow.

● Use chicken broth, beef broth, gravy, or sauces to cook or moisten

meats and vegetables. Cook vegetables until they are soft enough

to be mashed with a fork.

● Use a food processor to grind or puree foods to make them easier

to chew and swallow.

● Use fruit juice to blend fruit.

● Strain soups that have pieces of meat or vegetables that are larger

than ½ inch.

Which foods to include?

● Breads, cereals, rice, and pasta

● Fruits and vegetables

● Meat and other protein sources

● Dairy

Foods to avoid?

● Starches

● Vegetables

● Fruits

● Dairy, meats and protein foods