Page No.

Topic:1. SottwareT eshng Date.

o ncepts, ISSuesAnd Technigues

Baics c Sotwaee 1estn9

Sotwace u a
Qualiy incates h e deqee o
ecceLence o prooluct. oService T t is.
o

alao oeined a ttneas

Su au ty 5otuae must be bug 5tee
or detect free cdelvered On Hme oithin
budget
It is also deined oo he deqreee
to
o hohicb
ich asysern compbnents meeS
specied equrements 4 cuatome eeds

oT epectahons
Swquality is a Complex concept i t
means i e r e n t things todihteent
people i t is dependet
following ee ve vieos ot the
quai
1 ronacend enta eo
uau Somehnq h a can
be recogmizd but is i i c u t odejine
Thisvieuo is eo
speciicto s/
quai t but applied
a Use Vie -
In his Case accordinq to usee's
ie Omee k queaHon. Does
h e p n d u satsPy woer needs
expectahoms 2
Manutacturinq Ve The qualy level a
pDduct is deezmined Ly h e tw pillmen o
the speciicatians ot thewoer
For Educational Use Only
 Top
Cduct Lb
v.twcd
his cae
r uals ty
sthe n h e r enb chaachetshcs he

YDduct Suali y b Pvod uct deezruntd

the t e L na quai he its ectena
quali i e s
s) yale Baoed vie
T his
uali by deptnds
n he anount a c a to mez is willing

*Rale Tesing
Aas/ w is cod ed wng SoTme
progTOmming lanquage Ater Codinq, thbe
product issubjected to teshn9
S/u tesHrn9 S proces o executin
proq h Hhe i n t e n t n d i n q
o7 3w
ere Naudaing gainst Yequuemfmts
Teshn9 Plays a n 1mpa-rtont rale
inachievinq aoseDS)ng the quality o
o 3 product
Iale improe s he h e q u a u ty a
products aA we epeats a test+-ind det ecs
iCycle dueing develo pme nt
On othex ha nd we a s eAS h o
gond
gond ou usem is ohen we perhotm
syster l e v +ests behore reaning
asesSment can
eoing prwuct
be
u 9 uauy
ddivided intoo o broad
Caeomes
Staic anaysis s dyno mic amalyss

For Education al U se Only

 opc
3ta naas

.dels
desiqn dceume nts
This analysla neludes cade
inspechon . al oPhro aralysis p s s s

oy
ot Corree neAS
T da eant ino le a c u a a x ta
h e code unde devel a per.ent shcad
texaminea code5eaens atLall possi
ehaviautà that night a s e duung u n

ynamic Analysls
I+ inalvea actualprorav
execuion in o r d e to e p o s possi hle
pogram a lureP
Bhavioutal S perurmante prpeeha
Pr an a r also observed
qroms a executed usith bcth
typical chosen. input values
There o r e in teshin9 we ebsetve
Pro4 x O m behavIous yeo ch to the
COncluslon about the
quaiy o he
Syshem
by peroLmnq taHc S
droroiC analyses, ochhoneta wat to
den.
dentit any out a poasible so
ed at
tha hose auut aee iced a eorly
stage o 3/ deveoprment Bath onalllis
mplimentoLy innatute gb o
beH e ehechHveness,bothOuot be perjotmeo
rpeteJly atenakd
 Page No
Topic 0ate

Yexiieahon Validaion
Veritication
It Is the proces oy evaluahng
at
SysFem or COmpOnent. ererrnine.
ahehe he prod uct SaHsty+he conouhons
Impoaed mxequurement
e
Execweg
buildinq
achviHes to check Aree Ae
h e prDd uct c o r e c t .
T1S Proachve pcess a s its
Purpse is Prerent deects
to
THisexecwed n vauowsphases
eqwrement revie oeiqn revieo or
od e evieu
Ve cahan_ actHv1b reyie the
intetin oducts Such as eg rements
Prger
apeciti caion desiqn Code duu'nqlite cycle
to ensuee h e i r quali ty
The quali yattLukes o vericaton
actixi He co sistency coopleeness,
correctnes at each raa ata9e o
ysem develo pme
Veujicahon acHviHes peepotmed
by applying stahc anaysis echniques suchos
in ns,-cevieos
IH can also nclude
eynamic analysis Such oo actua pop9ra
execuhom

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 Pag
Topic Dats

Vali dation
PrOces ot evalu ahng 3s he re
COropanenta duin or at t h e e nd ot
eve oprne nt proces to check whethe
it Saisfies speciied e i e r n e nt s
h e aim t Yaudahor ,iDetivitre
Talles care a achihes
answe A e we buldin the tor eCt
prDduct
cuo aion a chxi Hes conbir mSs
heher pro duch mees Cusornets
e rpechLHons Tnshort aldaion achivityes
Pocw ors t h e ina product ohich is
tesked fom cusomer's point ot vie
+ested
E+Vaudation 's p e o n e d towards
h e end a syshem developoent o
deteroine i h e enHre syskem mees
the euaamer's need and expectahons:
YalidaHon i a perhomed o n h e

entire Ssem by actualy Unning

he ysem n t h e re a eviornment
wainq vaey o ests
Validafon is eacHve pocess
o 1tss puepose is to tind dehechs 4 i
hem a eary epossible
e unit +esHngioterrahon 1 Yshem teshg

Cnly
For Educationat Use
 PageNo.
Topic Date.

falure Eaz faut ondDefect

o
- is tound genezalLdeve)ope
when they ar tinshes uith 6dnq
h e a t e evieu0inq heireode ouon. cod e t
hey Ound s0rae exx Hhen itE îs Kmouon
mS-ake

isnohinq but mistalce in

hecode So Fhey not able
are
tocommp.
heirpmom3l Lode s0 Some exx
aee
populaled heir Thu errorsare
qenerally he bumon eE mistakeg here
te
umchioma erxos, aqica exro
excepionas et s, compilatHon erkos
UnHme erxoe S e9
Errd s he n e a s u e ot dleviation
O h e o/p's qen by S w om 0Ps
xpecRd by h e w o e r
The mistake made by t h e
onero
pD9amme 1S knowo oo on

2Deect-
und b he+ester hen
its adeect
I n estnq +he develope nmissed
to Corect h e
e iO O qot to corec
i +hi's paicw a exre i s
he
ound by
testet i t i s Krmown
o t dejeatE
So genetallydeectsis vauance

betuoeen. acua ult expectedresut

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Only
 Page No.
Topic Date.

So e r x o s
S0 ound by e s t e s i s knouon

detecs-egT
Lohen e
code is oaddiHas b
qele the i j p o 2 nos t
2nos

pD oduce the esuE o SuubshracHon esi.

operaon So its pndduces substra ch.on
Lohich is actally a detecE becawse t h e
s d i t e L e n c e ehoeen actualresulF4
expe.ced egult.
3) Bu
I the detect is accephed by4 h e
eveoP
aevelope Pothc
Then. hinkss-
i od SKnoon aA B So
A testet thnksthat h i s paihcwa
eede loqie is r o nq t pDduces_
resuut hen such deect isas1qr fo heth
developer The
The oill CrDSscheck i t,Ehis

detect 1SGenuene one or notI be

dettceis genme, t h e de elope Oi|

occept it 4 it So it is Known a

buug a r e a t s i n the
Actually bug9s
ystem Or aPplicafon 0prDgTam wbicb
mpacts the unchonali 4 perbooe
fauut
IE an incorrect s e p , prD LeLs
1 aompuee Pmorom hich c auses
n Unintended
PDqa m D pe oLn
manne
Fault is nothing bur a One p
ax condiHon duetphichyo sstem
alsOr 1t c u o e to aul the sten
ohere h e
T+ is mere
o fen
checK s happens
CcOnd H o n Systen For t ducatienel Use Crity
 Page No.

Topic Date.

po applicahon ç yshem: oeons hex

bexee
most ot the condi hons q e checked So
3ysem may not e ad to a a l w r e
I n oheedatds a u E m a be
a oneIcind ot Conds Hon or the stafe
ohich ma Cawae you sw Fo ilIt
maybe hunan mistaJce perpotmance
mistae, ecuuE mistauce, h / w a i lute
you have O HHen CCode e to Lohich
p o r a m a e to ininite loop sqstn
Crahes a s l prDqTam
s)falure
falwre ithe inabili ty sys em
O Component to peraurn_re9ured tncfiorn
nchion
according itsspeci icaHan
IE is a stoge t lo under ohich

Sunable to pertar tunc according

to uer rew ements:
T Deechs i the application b Pouct

gqet
et execwed then the ystern will
Psouuce the ront e s u t t s causing
ailute
we hondovez +he psoduci to
e they ha
sone issue. hen it is.
c al ed tale ot h e syslem)
 PageNo.:
Date
Topic

*obeetives oTesing
a e t pDcess ate
Stake holdets
hepnqrommeu, teot desi9ner, hee
and h e Cwshomels
pDect managers
A stakebolde is a perbon Os an
by hat
nizahon wbo is impacted
SShem:
skakeholdets vie thee
Diterent
test process 70m d i e e m t pespecHvea:
iTtdoeswotk -

While implemenhnq a pgsamunt,

he pmqraome
J
want t o F e s t oheher
the unit uwocks io norna cireumsances
o not h e pmqammet 9ets mucb
comidence it h e unit uwoles to his o-ber
SaHstocion
The Same idea isappled to an
e n i r e s y s e m os uOeU=amce he 3ySlem
ho been înteqraed.
Hexe he Psychaloqica eason
e
objecHveot teshinq is to shouo tbat the
S y t e n wokS Taher han t doegnt w r k
doesDt worK
Once he pDqTamme is statisteed
h a t a unit woTKS, more e s s are
conducted uoi th the
ojechve of noun-
t a u l t s i n the uniE Hexeidea
t o make he untfl
u) Reduce theask_o ailute
The coplex 9SFem contan
auts, whichcase h e sys kemo
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 Paga No
Topic Date

mtime Fo t m e ThiS concepE o ouling

eom H m e to hme qives r i s e to h e nohor
a l lwre rate The a wlts ate n d out
oed uhile peatminq. o - r e and more
estsThe teulwee ra o 5ysm is

ecxeases
ThuA
S tobnnq OLO
oechive P
hetalinge
tess_

accepable eve
Reduce he costo+eshn
The ditteeet kinds ot costs aAsociake
with a testpDceaS include
1 he costE daaigni-aqmainkaun
executnq tetCases
hecost_oqayzing the s ut o
execLwinq eachHeat case
3 he cosst o doumetinq each testcases
the cost a_a.ctualy execuhnq thesystem
doumenhnqit
e s mumber os e a t cases desiqned
t h e e s s uoill be the associaled cost o
+etinqSo desiqmininq e s no.a estcase
s notgod way o Saxing Cost
The obectie here is h o t pmduce
loo isk so ware oith o e nu mber
o e a tc a s e s
Tet nqineet nuat select e o e
eecive est caAes-

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 Page No.
Topic Date.

TesHnqActiviHes
T o o r d en Ho atestapro9To 9

e t enqine er ouot peehoroa sequemce.

e s H n g acHies
)Tdeniy on objective +o beteatecd'-
h e rstachiy is to identi
an objecive to be ested The ebjecHve
deine h e ntension os PLPos o
ealqninq_One or more testcases to
a
ensue tha he fmramsupp0
obecHve Aclea puutpose is aasociated
Oih exez4 +estCase

Select ioput
The second acHiy is to select L e t
inputs Sdeche o test îoput car be.
based on eqwemens speeiicaHon
Source_code Teat iputs a r e selecked b
Keeping est oblechein mino
Coneufe e ecpecheouteom -=
Te hid ochiit is o Corapute he
expeched outcome hepD9Tam
J
oith be
seleched inpts
T o most cases h i s conbe done o r o
an oetall uxnderstandin o the es
abeche specicaHba ot he p9ro
nde est-
4Setup the execuion enronrme nto the
PD om
The pDurth Step is to prepaze hbe
ightexecuioneniTonOent O he n9rOm
T oh i s Sepall he aasumphons eteena
othe prDorram muot_ be stal 3aisted
For Ectcational Use Only
b e exampfes ate oollows.
 Top
I auLe he loca) yshew,Ateral
his rnay oclue a
nj
Conneclian avau loble, noJu ng 19 h da) akast

Syae nm avalable . so o n
I n t allze anmr e rn.ote, etetnal shern
to teat clieut ccode, we ray need to
tat the serve a e r n o t e site
Execu the PID9r0 rn
Io t h e i jt h h e p the e a t eng
execues the pr0qram Loith the selected
iyeobsezve the actua sutcovoe o the
Pru9am Toex
ecte a test caoe nputs noy
provided to h e proqrarm at dithecent
physi ca lacaHans at dibherent tines
iArause +he eatesult-
The tinal test octvity is to analLyze
t h e result o test execuHon Here man
a k is ta compore the actual oukome o tes
pmqrom execution oith the exxpeced awtcarnë.
end ch the analusis shep.a
A+ h e
+ear verdiet is aosigned to t h e progrom
Theeote 3
kind o test veriets ,paas.
ond inconclusive:
+he prD qram produuues h e expeched
Outcorng h e puupose o h e e s t c a e iss
sahsied, hen a pos verdict is aasiqned.
27 I he proraro doesnt puduces he
expected outc ne,hen e r d i e t is
apsiqn ed
ome cane ma not pogsi ble to
aosqna c l e a pass o7 a i l vedde Hor e
aimeo occus ahile.execuioq o test
ForEducatro Usa Only
 Page No.
Topic Date.

caoe on distibuled applicahon, ue may noT

beia a positon to assiqn aclearPoos c
u v e r i c t T n those çases,do mconcluai
test vezdli.ct is assigned
Onclualse test yerdct meons
eber esks a e e need eol o be d o n e
o e n e h e incon clusive verctE into
a c l e a r Paos0T verdict
# e report mwot be O Hem
a e anayzîn9 h e test r e s u t .

S0ureeaot intornnaHon Test caoe

Selecion
ASotwate development process
genezates o larqe body ot inpomahos Sucb
rewements_speciicahon , deslgn document
Bouwce code Toq e n e t a t e c h v e keats
ata1ouaex c.ost, test designezs analyae
he ollaulnq S0urces o iaonatom
Requremen+s tnchona 3peciicahan
Source eode
IIP oIP donaio
opetaHona rro}ile
a t m o d el.

Requement 4tunciona specijicaH on

pDcess stSud dexeloprment beqins
The
by Captutinquse neess The amourt o5
we ne eds identtedat he beqinninq
o SysRm develop ment O Ndy dependu
Ot h e i j e cye le rmodel for cqwaerfau
modelot s/w development, a equemens
For ELucational Use Only
 Page No.
Date.
Topic
engineer caphuue mD s a herequrements.
On otheuhond aqle s o t t u r e olevelopmen
mod e only e equiemen in Hhe beqlnnig
A test eng'neer ConSidet au h e requremens
he prDgran meet aU the reqwremens
Ohichevet itecycle model is chosen
The ments miqht havebeen

Speciied inhormal m m e , such c o

in an

Comibinaton o plaintet, equations, qures

i o chatts. ho ugh his totm o 9uiremenS
speciicaion rmay be ambiuoua, i t i s easily
undershoad cuatomeLs
fo
for some sytemsequiremens may
have been in}he totm ot we cases, enhty-

raianship iagrama,claas diaqr9ms

S0mehmes t h e reqwrements at h e sys tem
m.auy have been speciied i a jerma lanquagt.
Bah the iotrma hotnal sptiicahi ons
are PnOe SowLes o test caes

2 Sowce code-
Requrernent speciicahon odeacibes
the ind intended bthaviou oa s e r
the
he soucce eode descmbes the acua)
behaviau at the system
Sotware desi anet may Produe o
detailed desiqn, proromners m a intoduce
aditio na detuls into the sushem
ee a a stepn the detasled dëiqn can be
s o t a u t a A To 30rt an a t a y t h e r ae
Tmany sor ing aonthms w t h d erent
eharocteushes uch a itetahan, re cusi0n
temp oraul n anothe ata Thetene
Forhc na s a Oaty
T