Krisyl Joy B.

Galleron

CPDCFT - Regional Distributor/Speaker: Jan Angelo G. Morata

Basic Computer Skills and Literacy

Computer Literacy

1. Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.

2. The level of expertise and familiarity someone has with computer.

3. Computers are everywhere.

Computer

1. Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.

2. A machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations
automatically.

3. A machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions
provided by a software or hardware program.

Two main parts of the Computer

1. Hardware - physical parts of the computer system.

2. Software

HARDWARE

Types of Computers:

A. Desktops
B. Laptops
C. Tablets
D. Smartphones

Part of Desktop Computers

A. Monitor
B. Keyboard
C. Mouse
D. Tower
Part of the Mouse

A. Left button
B. Right button
C. Center
D. USB Cable

Purpose of Using the Mouse

A. Moving the cursor - there are 3 different types of cursor: arrow, the hand, and the hourglass.

B. Single Click - select things

C. Double Click - open things

D. Drag and Drop - moves objects

E. Right Button - option display

The Keyboard

Parts of the Keyboard

A. Letters
B. Numbers
C. Symbols
D. Space Bar
E. Num Lock
F. Return
G. Backspace
H. Caps Lock
I. Shift
J. Tab
K. Windows
L. Arrows

 Using the Keyboard Letter Keys

Press a letter key to type letters in lower case. Press the shift key and the letter key at the
same time to type the letter in upper case. To type in all uppercase, press the caps lock key
again to turn caps lock off.

 Using the Keyboard Numbers, Symbols & Num Lock

Press a number key to type numbers. Press the shift key and a number key at the same time
to get the symbol above the number. The Num Lock button turns the 10 key pad on and off.
 Using the Keyboard Arrow Keys, Windows Key and Ctrl+Alt+Del

Press the arrow keys to move the cursor around the page. The windows key is a feature on
most computers. Press the windows key again to leave the windows menu. Press the ctrl key,
the alt key and the delete key all the same time to bring up the computer’s user options
window. To close the window, press the escape key.

The Components of a Computer

 An input device is a hardware used to enter data and instructions.

 An output device is a hardware that conveys information to a user.
 The system unit is a box-like case containing electronic components used to process data.
 The two main components on the mother board is the (1) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
which is also called a processor and carries out instructions that tell computer what to do and
(2) the Memory that is the temporary holding place for data and instructions.
 Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use.

 Storage media is the physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored.
 Storage device records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium. Floppy Disk is a
thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell. A Zip Disk looks similar but has much
greater storage capability. (=170 floppy disks)
 Hard Disk provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, or Zip disk and housed
inside the system unit.
 Compact Disc is a flat, round, portable metal disc. Examples are the CD-ROM and CD-RW
(Capacity: 673-768 MB) and DVD-ROM and DVD-RW (Capacity: 4.7-17.1 GB)
 Miniature Storage Media is portable, thin, memory cards used in digital cameras and handheld
computers.
 Other storage devices are memory card reader, external optical drives, USB flash memory and
media devices.

 Ports - input and outputs

 Ports for headphones, USB plugs, microphones, etc.

What is inside the Black Box?

 Power Supply
 Storage Units
 Memory Card
 Video Card
 CPU
 Sound Card

Categories of Computers

1. Personal Computers (desktop)

2. Mobile computers and mobile devices
3. Midrange servers
4. Mainframe computers
5. Supercomputers

 The two most popular series of personal computers are the PC and compatibles that use the
Windows operating system and Apple Macintosh that uses the Macintosh operating system
(Mac OS).
 Desktop computer is designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table.
 A notebook computer is portable, small enough to fit on your lap (2lbs to 9 lbs). It is also called
a laptop and generally more expensive than a desktop computer.
 A tablet PC resembles a letter-sized slate. It allows you to write on the screen using a stylus.
The smaller version is the modular computer.
 The Web-enabled handheld computers allows you to check e-mail and access the Internet.
The Web-enabled telephone is a smart phone.
 The Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) provides personal organizer functions. It includes
Calendar, Appointment Book, Address Book, Calculator and Notepad.
 The five categories of computer users are the Home, Small Office/Home Office, Mobile, Large
Business and Power.

SOFTWARE

 The software are programs that tell the computer what to do.
 The computer software is a system software (Operating System OS: Windows 7, Windows 8,
Mac) and utilities.
 These are also applications such as Microsoft Office, databases, games, and internet
browsers.
 Application Software are programs that perform specific tasks for users.

Examples:

1. Suite - popular software applications bundled together as a single unit.

2. Windows Desktop includes Start Button, Program Buttons, Taskbar, Notification Area,
Show Desktop Button, Gadgets, Window Explorer, and Shortcuts.

3. The popular programs includes Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Slides/Presentations,

Image Manipulation, Desktop Publishing and Databases.

4. The program similarities are minimize, maximize, and close. It also includes the keystrokes
such as Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo, and Redo.

5. Files is a complete piece of data, “opened” by some piece of software, has a “filename”
DOT “filetype” and is created anytime you save anything.

6. Folders holds files. To create, click “New Folder”.

Networks and the Internet

 A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together. The communication

device is enables a connection between computers and one type is the modem. The
communications media are the cables, telephone lines, cellular radio, and satellites.
 We need network to share resources, hardware devices, software programs, data and
information. It also enable us to save time and money.
 The server manages the resources on a network. A client accesses the resources on the
server.
 The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers.
 Users access the internet for communications, information, shopping, banking/investing,
classes, and entertainment.
 World Wide Web are the billions of documents called web pages that is available to anyone
connected to the Internet. Web site is a collection of related Web pages. Web Page contains
text, graphics, sound, videos, and links to other Web Pages. You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community.

Ways to Navigate the Internet

1. Address Bar - tells the computer where to go on the internet.

2. Search Bar - uses a search engine to search the internet using keywords & provides a list of
results via links.
3. Tabs - links that allow you to navigate to other web pages within a website.
4. Hyperlink - links that will take you from one page to another by double clicking on the link.

Navigating the Address Bar

 Takes you on a direct path to the web page of your choice.

 Eliminates steps required in using a Search Engine.
 Must know the exact web address.

Navigating the Search Engines

 Good to use when you don’t know a specific website address

 Uses keywords to scour the internet
 Provides a list of relevant sites
 Places PAID AD results FIRST on the list. These are highlighted and are usually the first three
or so links.
 Similar to travel agents - they’ll help you get to where you want to go.

Navigating with Hyperlinks

 Following links = surfing the web

 A good way to discover new sites
 Fast and easy
 It is possible to end up someplace you don’t want to be
 Similar to streets, airplanes and boats - they are gateways between different places.

Navigating with Tabs

 Move within a trusted website

 Explore without “leaving the building”
 They are similar to elevators, halls and doorways and all contained within the same structure.

Useful Internet Features

 The Back Button

 Favorites
 The Home Button
 Tools Menu
Safety on the Internet

 If it sounds too good to be true.

 A secured website begins with https://
 Do not give credit/debit card information to unsecured websites
 Do not proceed if you don’t feel comfortable with what you are seeing or doing.
 Be careful with who you gave your information to.
 Use your best judgement and common sense.

Computer Applications in Society

 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Industry
 Education