Dẫn luận ngôn ngữ bài

BÀI TẬP DẪN LUẬN NGÔN NGỮ HỌC
Nhóm 10: Nguyễn Quốc Toàn, Trần Thu Hà, Nguyễn Quốc Thắng
Câu 1:
A. Manner of articulation:
1. Stop consonant:
/p/: pumpkin, puppet,....
/b/: banana, bubbles,...
2. Nasal consonant:
/m/: monkey, hammer,...
3. Aspiration consonant:
/t’/:
/p/: pie, puddle,...
4. Fricative consonant:
/v/: volcano, halve,...
/s/: sun, mouse,...
/z/: zip, please,...
/θ/: think, thong,...
/ð/: mother, author,...
5. Lateral consonant:
/l/: leaf, bell,...
B. Place of articulation:
1. Bilabial consonant:
/b/:buy, brain, lab, table,...
/p/: pay, pair, pie,...
2. Labial-dental consonant:
/f/: fish, giraffe,...
/v/: vince, vice,..
3. Central consonant:
/θ/: that, this,...
/ð/: brother, father,...
4. Linguo consonant:
 Apical - alveolo consonant:
/t/: team, tight,...
/d/: dinosaur, duck,...
/s/: shy, shave,...
/z/: zip, zapper
 Retroflex consonant: run, rats, ryes, row,...
 Dorsal/palatal consonant:
/c/: car, duck,...
 Velar consonant:
/k/:co /ŋ/: sing
5. Glottal consonant:
/h/: helicopter, height,...
Câu 2:
The Vietnamese consonant system is very different from that of the English, and there is
considerable variation between dialects.
1. Problem with the ending sound
 Vietnamese speakers can pronounce words with final voiceless stop consonants
/p/, /t/ and /k/, as these voiceless stop consonants occur at the final position of a
word in Vietnamese. However, Vietnamese speakers pronounce these consonants
with extremely short duration, and therefore, the sounds are never released at the
end position of a word. It can be very difficult for English native speakers to hear
these sounds from Vietnamese speakers.
Example, a Vietnamese learner of English producing the word “seat” may sound like
“see”
2. Problem with voiced versus voiceless stops

 Vietnamese speakers of English have a number of problems with the voiced versus
the voiceless stops in word final position, /b/, /p/, /d/, /g/ vs. /p/, /t/, /k/.
Additionally, Vietnamese learners of English encounter problems with words final
fricative consonants /f/, /v/, /ð/, /Ɵ/, /s/, /z/, . Vietnamese speakers can pronounce
fricatives such as /f/, /v/ and /s/ at the beginning of English words. However,
fricatives do not occur in word-final position in their mother tongue. Thus,
omission of a fricative at the end of words usually occurs when they speak
English.
Example: The word ‘beef’ may be pronounced like /bi:/
3. Problem between consonant /s/ and /z/

 Vietnamese speakers often get confused between /s/ and /z/. They replace /s/ for
/z/, so that a word such as peas is pronounced as peace. In conversational
situations, the /s/ sound may present two types of problems.
 The first problem is that in the spelling of some words, the /s/ sound is omitted.
Example: the word because is often pronounced as /bik /.
 The second problem that many speakers encounter is the redundancy of the /s/
sound. As mentioned above, the /s/ and /z/ sounds do not occur at the final
position in Vietnamese words, but for English words, they do. Consequently,
when speaking, Vietnamese learners of English are over aware of these sounds and
the over-awareness leads them to make pronunciation mistakes. Vietnamese often
add the /s/ sound in both adjectives and non count nouns.
Example: instead of saying “very good”, many speakers say “very goods”, and “a lot of
money” turns out sounding like “a lot of moneys”
4. Problem with /ð/ and /θ/

Example: the word three can be pronounced exactly like tree.
 Vietnamese speakers also find the /ð/ sound difficult to pronounce – as in weather,
rather – and so they pronounce it as a /d/ or /z/ sound. Similarly, the /Ɵ/ sound – as
in both – is replaced by /t/.
Example: the word three can be pronounced exactly like tree.
5. Problem with /p/ vs. /f/ and /b/:
 In Vietnamese language, the voiceless stop /p/ does not occur in initial places of
words. As such, Vietnamese speakers can substitute a voiced stop /b/ or a
voiceless fricative /f/ for /p/.
Examples of this are that the word pool may sound like fool, and pop may sound like
bop.
 In contrast, in the final positions, these consonants often provoke confusion for
learners.
Example: lab might sound like lap
6. Problem with liquid /l/ and nasal /n/

 In Vietnamese language, these two sounds exist. However, people in many parts
of Vietnam, especially for those who live in the north of Vietnam cannot
distinguish the differences between them in their mother tongue. They usually find
themselves confused between the /n/ sound and /l/ sound. Thus, when they speak
English, they always make mistakes with these sounds.
Example: people speak /lain/ for nine
7. Problem with trill consonants
 Vietnamese does not have the equivalent sounds for /r/.

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BÀI TẬP DẪN LUẬN NGÔN NGỮ HỌC

2. Problem with voiced versus voiceless stops

3. Problem between consonant /s/ and /z/

4. Problem with /ð/ and /θ/

6. Problem with liquid /l/ and nasal /n/

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